AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Terms
Kathleen Nalty STRATEGIES FOR CONFRONTING UNCONSCIOUS BIAS 64-FEB Federal Lawyer 26 (January/February, 2017) So--what's in a name? Apparently, a lot. If you are named John, you will have a significant advantage over Jennifer when applying for a position, even if you both have the exact same credentials. If your name is José, you will get more callbacks if you change it to Joe. And if you're named Emily or Greg, you will receive 50 percent more callbacks... 2017  
Shuvo Robi Sircar STUDENTS HELPING STUDENTS: AN ALTERNATIVE TO CURRENT DISCIPLINARY MECHANISMS IN SCHOOLS 14 Rutgers Journal of Law & Public Policy 347 (Spring, 2017) Across the United States, students are being pushed out of schools. In the wake of the shooting at Columbine High School in 1999, the policing of schools has become a rigid practice, fraught with little room for mitigating circumstances. As a result, schools have increasingly relied on suspensions (and lesser extent, expulsions) as disciplinary... 2017  
Justin D. Levinson, Robert J. Smith SYSTEMIC IMPLICIT BIAS 126 Yale Law Journal Forum 406 (January 31, 2017) Legal discourse on implicit bias has changed the way scholars and citizens think about race in the justice system. Ever-growing scholarship, much of it empirical, has identified, confronted, and sought to address how implicit bias operates in nearly every criminal justice context--especially in policing, prosecuting, judging, and juror... 2017  
  THE 2016 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: THE NEXT FOUR YEARS AND BEYOND 44 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 255 (Spring, 2017) By most accounts, the 2016 presidential election was both strange and the most important in a lifetime. Donald Trump, a billionaire celebrity who had never before held political office, won in shocking fashion. The incoming Trump Administration faces challenges and opportunities, including the economy, foreign relations, health care, immigration,... 2017  
Michael Z. Green THE AUDACITY OF PROTECTING RACIST SPEECH UNDER THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT 2017 University of Chicago Legal Forum 235 (2017) Imagine two employees in the private sector workplace are discussing the possibility of selecting a union to represent their interests regarding wages and working conditions. During this conversation, a black employee notes the importance of using their collective voices to improve working conditions and compares the activity of selecting a union... 2017  
Seth W. Stoughton THE BLURRED BLUE LINE: REFORM IN AN ERA OF PUBLIC & PRIVATE POLICING 44 American Journal of Criminal Law 117 (Spring, 2017) I. Introduction. 117 II. The Evolution of Public and Private Policing. 119 III. The Blurring of the Blue Line. 127 IV. Police Reform & the Blurred Blue Line. 146 V. Conclusion. 154 2017  
David Alan Sklansky THE CHANGING POLITICAL LANDSCAPE FOR ELECTED PROSECUTORS 14 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 647 (Spring, 2017) District attorney races are going off script. For years the only serious question about selecting local prosecutors by popular vote, a practice unique to the United States, was whether it was pernicious or merely a charade. One view was that running for reelection turned prosecutors into politicians, and that politics demanded that prosecutors... 2017  
R.A. Lenhardt THE COLOR OF KINSHIP 102 Iowa Law Review 2071 (July, 2017) ABSTRACT: This Article addresses the need for family law scholarship that better theorizes and grapples with how race informs American life in the 21st Century. Family law scholars have been instrumental in documenting and advocating for recognition of the new kinship--familial relationships and affective ties forged outside of marriage and... 2017  
Dr. Sami C. Nighaoui, Ph.D. THE COLOR OF POST-ETHNICITY: THE CIVIC IDEOLOGY AND THE PERSISTENCE OF ANTI-BLACK RACISM 20 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 349 (Spring, 2017) I. Introduction. 349 II. The Integrationist Illusion and the Myth of Racial Comity. 351 A. The Psychology of Anti-Black Racism. 354 B. The Culture of Anti-Black Racism. 360 III. African American Identity and U.S. Universalism: Denial and Dissent. 365 A. The African American as Anti-Citizen. 369 B. African Americans and the Civic Ideology:... 2017  
Deborah M. Weissman THE COMMUNITY POLITICS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 82 Brooklyn Law Review 1479 (Summer, 2017) Gender violence has long been identified as a crisis of epidemic proportions that defies facile review. Despite decades of law reform, and notwithstanding increased social services and public health interventions, the rates of gender violence have not appreciably declined. Domestic violence rates have fallen at a significantly lower rate than other... 2017  
Alice Ristroph THE CONSTITUTION OF POLICE VIOLENCE 64 UCLA Law Review 1182 (August, 2017) Police force is again under scrutiny in the United States. Several recent killings of black men by police officers have prompted an array of reform proposals, most of which seem to assume that these recent killings were not (or should not be) authorized and legal. Our constitutional doctrine suggests otherwise. From the 1960s to the present,... 2017  
Samuel R. Wiseman THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE BLACK BOX 78 Ohio State Law Journal 349 (2017) Big data--the collection and statistical analysis of numerous digital data points--has transformed the commercial and policy realms, changing firms' understanding of consumer behavior and improving problems ranging from traffic congestion to drug interactions. In the criminal justice field, police now use data from widely dispersed monitoring... 2017  
Kevin Barry THE DEATH PENALTY & THE DIGNITY CLAUSES 102 Iowa Law Review 383 (January, 2017) The question now to be faced is whether American society has reached a point where abolition is not dependent on a successful grass roots movement in particular jurisdictions, but is demanded by the Eighth Amendment. Justice Thurgood Marshall posed this question in 1972, in his concurring opinion in the landmark case of Furman v. Georgia, which... 2017  
Kevin Barry , Bharat Malkani THE DEATH PENALTY'S DARKSIDE: A RESPONSE TO PHYLLIS GOLDFARB'S MATTERS OF STRATA: RACE, GENDER, AND CLASS STRUCTURES IN CAPITAL CASES 74 Washington and Lee Law Review Online 184 (September 15, 2017) In Matters of Strata: Race, Gender, and Class Structures in Capital Cases, Professor Phyllis Goldfarb examines the ways in which race, class, and gender affect the American criminal justice system generally, and its death penalty system in particular. This Response focuses on one of Goldfarb's observations: The relationship between slavery and the... 2017  
Mary Anne Franks THE DESERT OF THE UNREAL: INEQUALITY IN VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITY 51 U.C. Davis Law Review 499 (December, 2017) The world we live in is structured by inequality: of gender, race, class, sexual orientation, disability, and more. Virtual and augmented reality technologies hold out the promise of a more perfect world, one that offers us more stimulation, more connection, more freedom, more equality than the real world. But for such technologies to be truly... 2017  
Lisa Blomgren Amsler THE DISPUTE RESOLVER'S ROLE WITHIN A DISPUTE SYSTEM DESIGN: JUSTICE, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND IMPACT 13 University of Saint Thomas Law Journal 168 (Winter, 2017) Issues of justice, accountability, and impact cross arenas in which dispute resolvers engage in Dispute System Design (DSD). This symposium addresses DSD along the policy continuum, from making policy upstream, to implementing it midstream, to the quasi-judicial or judicial enforcement of policy downstream. The many leading scholars and... 2017  
Julia M. MacAllister THE DOXING DILEMMA: SEEKING A REMEDY FOR THE MALICIOUS PUBLICATION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 85 Fordham Law Review 2451 (April, 2017) In recent years, malevolent actors have seized upon a new tool to harass, silence, threaten, and injure people online: doxing--the malicious publication of personal identifying information like a home address. Although doxing is an online tool, it causes concrete and serious harm to victims by moving harassment from the Internet to the physical... 2017  
Rebecca Roiphe THE DUTY TO CHARGE IN POLICE USE OF EXCESSIVE FORCE CASES 65 Cleveland State Law Review 503 (2017) Responding to the problems of mass incarceration, racial disparities in justice, and wrongful convictions, scholars have focused on prosecutorial overcharging. They have, however, neglected to address undercharging--the failure to charge in entire classes of cases. Undercharging can similarly undermine the efficacy and legitimacy of the criminal... 2017  
Timothy Zick THE DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EQUALITY 12 Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy 13 (Spring, 2017) This Article examines the dynamic intersection between freedom of speech and equal protection, with a particular focus on the race and LGBT equality movements. Unlike other works on expression and/or equality, the Article emphasizes the relational and bi-directional connections between freedom of speech and equal protection. Freedom of speech has... 2017  
John Kincaid THE ECLIPSE OF DUAL FEDERALISM BY ONE-WAY COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM 49 Arizona State Law Journal 1061 (Fall, 2017) Numerous and powerful political forces have vested interests in the contemporary idea of cooperative federalism, which prioritizes an obligation of states to cooperate with federal policy initiatives in a system that is essentially prefectorial administration. These forces make impossible any construction or reconstruction of dual federalism... 2017  
Madeleine Sharp THE EROSION OF CIVIL RIGHTS REMEDIES: HOW ASHCROFT v. AL-KIDD ALTERED QUALIFIED IMMUNITY 10 DePaul Journal for Social Justice 1 (Summer, 2017) The United States justice system was designed to ensure that there is equal access under the law. Such a system is truly legitimate only if the government can be held accountable in court. In that vein, the Bivens cause of action was created to protect the people and to contain government overreach by allowing the public to sue under the... 2017  
Renee C. Hatcher THE EVERYDAY ECONOMIC VIOLENCE OF BLACK LIFE 25 Journal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law 275 (2017) Ferguson's Fault Lines: The Race Quake That Rocked a Nation Kimberly Jade Norwood, Editor American Bar Association 276 pages, $24.95 There are two Fergusons. There are two Americas. We cannot change this reality unless we first acknowledge it. --Kimberly Jade Norwood The truth about the racism and brutality of the police has broken through the veil... 2017  
Beau C. Tremitiere THE FALLACY OF A COLORBLIND CONSENT SEARCH DOCTRINE 112 Northwestern University Law Review 527 (2017) Abstract--Most searches conducted by police officers are consensual and thus beyond the reach of the Fourth Amendment. However, such searches violate the Fourth Amendment when, under the totality of circumstances, consent appears to be a product of coercion--that is, when the consent was involuntary. In 1980, in Mendenhall v. United States, the... 2017  
Diane M. Zhang THE FIGHT FOR A BETTER AMERICA 53-OCT Trial 26 (October, 2017) Attorney Benjamin Crump was nine years old when he attended a new, integrated school in Lumberton, N.C. It was there that he first noticed the inequality between his community and the white community in the area--and vowed to do something about it. Today, Crump is a civil rights attorney who has represented the families of Trayvon Martin, Michael... 2017  
Kermit V. Lipez THE FIRST AMENDMENT AND THE POLICE IN THE DIGITAL AGE 69 Maine Law Review 215 (2017) I. Introduction II. Background A. The Boston Common B. Simon Glik C. The Incident III. Glick in Court A. Proceedings Below B. At the First Circuit 1. Qualified Immunity 2. The Constitutional Question 3. Clearly Established Law IV. Reaction to Glick A. Media Response B. Police Response 1. Increased Public Recording Capacity: Cell Phone Cameras 2.... 2017  
Mary-Rose Papandrea THE FREE SPEECH RIGHTS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS 101 Minnesota Law Review 1801 (May, 2017) In March 2014, University of Oklahoma President David Boren reacted swiftly when a video surfaced online revealing members of the SAE fraternity singing a racist song on a bus. Two young men leading the singing were immediately expelled. Boren explained in a letter to the students that they had been expelled due to their leadership role in leading... 2017  
Guido Calabresi THE FUTURE OF LAW AND ECONOMICS: COMMENTS AND REFLECTIONS 16 Jerusalem Review of Legal Studies 167 (December, 2017) I am grateful to each of the commentators who have not only pushed the quest further but have also helped me to understand my own book better. Let me begin by explaining what I believe this book is about at its most general level; then, in the light of that, make some brief remarks about each of the papers here presented; and finally mention some... 2017  
Garry A. Gabison THE GRAY PROBLEM: SHOULD ATHLETES BE PUNISHED FOR THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS? 13 DePaul Journal of Sports Law 31 (Spring, 2017) This article discusses athletes' use of social media and how their parent organizations have dealt with their social media activities. This article argues that sports associations may not need to regulate athletes' use of social media. Athletes have their own private incentives: they want to maximize their financial gains and career opportunities... 2017  
John D. Bessler THE INEQUALITY OF AMERICA'S DEATH PENALTY: A CROSSROADS FOR CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AT THE INTERSECTION OF THE EIGHTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS 73 Washington and Lee Law Review Online 487 (January 2, 2017) C1-3Table of Contents I. Introduction. 487 II. The Legacy of Slavery and Discrimination: Race, Gender and Class in Early America. 502 III. From Black Codes to Civil Rights and Constitutional Protection. 515 IV. The Geography of Arbitrariness and Discrimination: The Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment Implications of the Death Penalty's Inequality. 542... 2017  
Shiri Krebs THE LEGALIZATION OF TRUTH IN INTERNATIONAL FACT-FINDING 18 Chicago Journal of International Law 83 (Summer, 2017) Do legal judgments influence people's attitudes and beliefs concerning contested events? This Article builds on studies from three disciplines--law, psychology, and political science--and employs experimental methods to shed light on the impact of legal institutions on their intended audiences. The Article identifies a rising legalization of... 2017  
Risa E. Kaufman, JoAnn Kamuf Ward THE LOCAL TURN IN U.S. HUMAN RIGHTS: INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ISSUE 49 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 1 (Fall, 2017) Human rights in the United States are at an inflection point, and the orientation is local. In the wake of the 2016 presidential election and renewed threats to human rights and democratic institutions, state and local officials and human rights advocates are working locally to resist harmful federal policies and to fill the gaps in federal civil... 2017  
Stacy L. Hawkins THE LONG ARC OF DIVERSITY BENDS TOWARDS EQUALITY: DECONSTRUCTING THE PROGRESSIVE CRITIQUE OF WORKPLACE DIVERSITY EFFORTS 17 University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class 61 (Spring, 2017) Workplace diversity efforts have many critics. More notable perhaps than the attack from the right in the form of legal challenges alleging workplace diversity efforts amount to reverse discrimination is the normative critique of workplace diversity efforts from the left. Progressive responses to workplace diversity efforts range from cautious... 2017  
Valerie E. Anias THE MILLENNIAL ATTORNEY 50-JUN Maryland Bar Journal 22 (May/June, 2017) Millennials, also known as Generation Y, are the largest--and an often-misunderstood--generation. A millennial will have used a laptop throughout law school, maintained an email address likely since middle school, seen and entered Facebook near its onset, and had a cell phone glued to her hip for most of her life. Unlike most, a millennial will... 2017  
William S. Laufer THE MISSING ACCOUNT OF PROGRESSIVE CORPORATE CRIMINAL LAW 14 NYU Journal of Law & Business 71 (Fall, 2017) This Article offers a modern, progressive account of corporate criminal law using foundational principles of twentieth century progressivism. The central role of science and advancing technology define the architecture of this account. Some of the intractable challenges of using the criminal law to regulate corporations are reviewed, followed by a... 2017  
Suzette M. Malveaux THE MODERN CLASS ACTION RULE: ITS CIVIL RIGHTS ROOTS AND RELEVANCE TODAY 66 University of Kansas Law Review 325 (December, 2017) It is a golden anniversary. The modern class action rule recently turned fifty years old. However, the occasion is marred by troubled times. Hate crimes, violence and discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, immigration status, sexual orientation and more are on the rise. Prejudice that lay dormant has recently erupted, unleashing... 2017  
Carrie L. Rosenbaum THE NATURAL PERSISTENCE OF RACIAL DISPARITIES IN CRIME-BASED REMOVALS 13 University of Saint Thomas Law Journal 532 (Fall, 2017) This Article suggests that the replacement of Secure Communities with the Priority Enforcement Program (PEP) did not, and would not have ameliorated the problem of disparate criminal immigration deportation of Latina/o noncitizens. It explores the implications of de-coupling criminal and immigration enforcement and gives theoretical consideration... 2017  
Marion Crain, Kenneth Matheny THE 'NEW' LABOR REGIME 126 Yale Law Journal Forum 478 (April 19, 2017) In The New Labor Law, Professor Kate Andrias describes a labor regime founded upon politicized social bargaining emerging from the wreckage of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). This regime rejects (for the most part) the NLRA's employer-employee dyad model of private ordering through worksite-based representation and collective bargaining,... 2017  
Mari Matsuda The Next Dada Utopian Visioning Peace Orchestra: Constitutional Theory and the Aspirational 62 McGill Law Journal 1203 (June, 2017) I. I Made An Orchestra 1204 II. There Are Two Kinds of People 1205 A. The Personal is the Political 1206 B. The Tool in Your Hand 1209 III. Art and Constitutional Theory: Who Is This Constitution For? 1210 IV. The Imperative of Big Change 1215 V. The Utopian Constitution 1217 VI. Art as a Right 1230 VII. Problematizing Art as a Right 1 239 VIII.... 2017  
  THE NUREMBERG SYMPOSIUM AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE NUREMBERG LAWS & THE NUREMBERG TRIALS 39 Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review 319 (Winter, 2017) Professor Elie Wiesel, Nobel Laureate and esteemed survivor of the Holocaust, served as Honorary Chairman for The Nuremberg Symposium. His recent passing has left an irreplaceable void. His vision, wisdom, and voice were indeed the moral compass of the world. May his memory serve as a blessing. Welcome, Introductions and Overview. 324 Professor... 2017  
Bryan L. Sykes, University of California-Irvine THE POLITICAL ROOTS OF RACIAL TRACKING IN AMERICAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE. BY NINA M. MOORE. NEW YORK: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2015. 406 PP. $30.99 PAPERBACK 51 Law and Society Review 211 (March, 2017) In April 2016, Black Lives Matter (BLM) protesters clashed with Bill Clinton over his role in the passage of the 1994 Crime Bill and Hillary Clinton's use of the term super predators to describe the involvement of black youth in criminal offenses. Demonstrators sought to highlight how policymakers and the general public construct narratives and... 2017  
Gabriel J. Chin THE PROBLEMATIC PROSECUTION OF AN ASIAN AMERICAN POLICE OFFICER: NOTES FROM A PARTICIPANT IN PEOPLE v. PETER LIANG 51 Georgia Law Review 1023 (Summer, 2017) C1-2Table of Contents I. Introduction. 1024 II. Liability for Manslaughter or Negligent Homicide. 1029 III. Being Careful What We Wish For. 1036 A. PUBLIC NOTORIETY AND PRESSURE. 1037 B. REVERSING THE ROLES. 1039 C. JURY DEFERENCE, JURY PREJUDICE. 1041 D. HARMLESS ERROR. 1041 E. OBSCURING REAL CAUSES. 1043 2017  
Michael Kagan THE PUBLIC DEFENDER'S PIN: UNTANGLING FREE SPEECH REGULATION IN THE COURTROOM 111 Northwestern University Law Review Online 125 (March 6, 2017) On a Tuesday morning in September 2016, Erika Ballou, a deputy public defender in Clark County, Nevada, appeared with her client for a sentencing hearing in a Las Vegas courtroom. She wore a black pin on her lapel. Black Lives Matter, it said. District Court Judge Douglas Herndon told her to either take it off or hand her case over to another... 2017  
Tamar R. Birckhead THE RACIALIZATION OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND THE ROLE OF THE DEFENSE ATTORNEY 58 Boston College Law Review 379 (March, 2017) Introduction. 381 I. The Persistence of Racial Bias Within Juvenile Justice. 394 A. Wayward Youths of the Nineteenth Century. 395 1. Evolution of the Concept of Race. 395 2. Disparate Treatment Based on Race. 398 B. Mid-Century Lads of Tender Years. 401 1. Delinquency as Contagion. 401 2. The Expansion of Children's Rights. 405 C. 1990s... 2017  
Anupam Chander THE RACIST ALGORITHM? 115 Michigan Law Review 1023 (April, 2017) The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information. By Frank Pasquale. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press. 2015. P. 218, $35. A pie chart satirizing Google's research and development expenditures imagines a largely tripartite division: omniscience, omnipresence, and omnipotence. Uber offers its staff what it... 2017  
Penney P. Azizi THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF EVOLVING SOCIAL SCIENCE EVIDENCE AND HOW IT SHAPES EQUAL PROTECTION JURISPRUDENCE 44 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 433 (Summer, 2017) In Korematsu v. United States, the United States Supreme Court held that strict scrutiny would apply to cases regarding statutes that create classifications based on race. This means that the burden of proof is on the government to show that the challenged statute, law, or classification is narrowly tailored to serve a compelling state interest.... 2017  
Stephen B. Bright THE RICHARD J. CHILDRESS MEMORIAL LECTURE 2016 KEYNOTE: THE CONTINUING DENIAL OF COUNSEL AND ASSEMBLY-LINE PROCESSING OF POOR PEOPLE ACCUSED OF CRIMES 61 Saint Louis University Law Journal 605 (Summer, 2017) My address today concerns the problem of poverty in our court system. There are many poor people with urgent, unmet legal needs who lack access to the courts and have no ability to even confer with a lawyer about their legal problems. I am going to discuss people in the criminal courts, but it is important to mention the people with civil legal... 2017  
Michael M. Oswalt THE RIGHT TO IMPROVISE IN LOW-WAGE WORK 38 Cardozo Law Review 959 (February, 2017) The resurgence of strikes in the non-union fast food and retail sectors has created unprecedented momentum for increases in state, local, and company-specific minimum wages. The once fantastical demand for a $15 an hour wage floor has been legislated into life in two states, four major cities, and counting. Early work, drawing from organizational... 2017  
Deborah L. Brake THE SHIFTING SANDS OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION: FROM UNJUSTIFIED IMPACT TO DISPARATE TREATMENT IN PREGNANCY AND PAY 105 Georgetown Law Journal 559 (March, 2017) C1-3Table of Contents L1-2Introduction . L3560 I. A Brief Overview of Employment Discrimination Law: The Tyranny of the Proof Frameworks and the Judiciary's Narrow View of Discriminatory Intent. 563 A. TRACING THE IMPACT AND TREATMENT DIVIDE AND THEIR SEPARATE PROOF FRAMEWORKS. 564 B. THE MEANING OF DISCRIMINATORY INTENT: WHAT COURTS HAVE IN MIND.... 2017  
Steven W. Bender THE TEACHINGS OF POPE FRANCIS SYMPOSIUM: TOWARD A COMMON GOOD FOR OUR COMMON HOME 40 Seattle University Law Review 1167 (Summer, 2017) C1-2Contents Introduction 1168 I. Making Our Common Home Great Again 1169 II. The Moral Voice of Pope Francis as a Catalyst for Cultural Change 1172 III. The Church as a Catalyst for Legal Change Toward Social Justice 1174 A. Leadership from the Top, Looking to the Bottom, and Connected to Other Voices 1174 B. Local Church Officials Must Supply... 2017  
Michael Diamond THE TRANSPOSITION OF POWER: LAW, LAWYERS, AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS 24 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 319 (Spring, 2017) Various groups of people have been the victims of oppression throughout time and across national borders and cultures. Many forms of oppression continue to exist all over the world today, including in the United States. I have been particularly concerned with oppression on the basis of race. The responses to oppression have taken many forms,... 2017  
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