| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Key Terms |
| Jennifer B. Wriggins© |
TORTS, RACE, AND THE VALUE OF INJURY, 1900-1949 |
49 Howard Law Journal 99 (Fall 2005) |
[T]he problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line. Tort law [is] public law in disguise. Tort law is one of the central, and most familiar, aspects of U.S. law. Every law student, by the end of his or her first year, has a basic picture of the subject of torts. In addition to being a significant mechanism for compensating... |
2005 |
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| Carmen M. Butler |
VICTIMHOOD TO AGENCY: A CONSTRUCTIONIST COMPARISON OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION TO RELIGIOUS ORIENTATION |
4 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 147 (Fall/Winter 2005) |
Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s words bear a timeless truth to the extent that he spoke about our nation's aspirations for justice for all. But when Coretta Scott King expounded on Dr. King's words, she took the notion of justice for all to a new level. Specifically, she tied the notion of... |
2005 |
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| Reynaldo A. Valencia |
WHAT IF YOU WERE FIRST AND NO ONE CARED: THE APPOINTMENT OF ALBERTO GONZALES AND COALITION BUILDING BETWEEN LATINOS AND COMMUNITIES OF COLOR |
12 Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice 21 (Fall, 2005) |
In December of 2000, I was a presenter at the annual meeting of the Texas Association of Chicanos in Higher Education. I entitled my remarks, Identifying and Meeting the Needs of a Diverse Student Body. During the course of my presentation, I explained that St. Mary's University School of Law had more Latina/o faculty and more Latina/o students... |
2005 |
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| James Forman, Jr. |
JURIES AND RACE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY |
113 Yale Law Journal 895 (January, 2004) |
How can justice be administered throughout States thronging with colored fellow-citizens unless you have them on the juries? -- Charles Sumner The Supreme Court's jurisprudence on criminal juries has overlooked an important piece of history. This is most notable in the context of its jury discrimination jurisprudence over the past twenty years. In... |
2004 |
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| David C. Baldus , George Woodworth |
RACE DISCRIMINATION AND THE LEGITIMACY OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: REFLECTIONS ON THE INTERACTION OF FACT AND PERCEPTION |
(Summer 2004) |
This Article focuses on the interaction between the empirical evidence of racial discrimination in the administration of the death penalty, community perceptions of the existence of such discrimination, and the impact of those perceptions on the perceived legitimacy of capital punishment. Our analysis builds on the usual distinction between race... |
2004 |
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| Patricia A. King |
REFLECTIONS ON RACE AND BIOETHICS IN THE UNITED STATES |
14 Health Matrix: Journal of Law-Medicine 149 (Winter, 2004) |
IN 1932, IN MACON COUNTY, ALABAMA, the United States Public Health Service began a study of untreated syphilis on 399 poor black men suffering from the disease and 201 control subjects. The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male lasted forty years despite the discovery in the 1940s that penicillin was an effective treatment for... |
2004 |
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| Kim Forde-Mazrui |
TAKING CONSERVATIVES SERIOUSLY: A MORAL JUSTIFICATION FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND REPARATIONS |
92 California Law Review 683 (May, 2004) |
Introduction. 686 I. Corrective Racial Justice: The Prima Facie Case for Societal Responsibility. 694 A. Society Wrongfully Caused Harm. 695 1. The Nature of the Harm. 695 2. The Causal Relationship to Historic Discrimination. 697 B. Society's Obligation to Remedy the Harm. 707 II. Objections to the Prima Facie Case: Problems of Intergenerational... |
2004 |
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| Janet Ward Schofield , Leslie R.M. Hausmann |
THE CONUNDRUM OF SCHOOL DESEGREGATION: POSITIVE STUDENT OUTCOMES AND WANING SUPPORT |
66 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 83 (Fall, 2004) |
The Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision was a landmark in many respects. Most importantly, it overturned the separate but equal doctrine embodied in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), laying the groundwork for massive change in our society. In particular, it laid the basis for dismantling state supported racial segregation in education, housing,... |
2004 |
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| Eric K. Yamamoto , Susan K. Serrano , Michelle Natividad Rodriguez |
AMERICAN RACIAL JUSTICE ON TRIAL--AGAIN: AFRICAN AMERICAN REPARATIONS, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND THE WAR ON TERROR |
101 Michigan Law Review 1269 (March, 2003) |
Few questions challenge us to consider 380 years of history all at once, to tunnel inside our souls to discover what we truly believe about race and equality and the value of human suffering. --Kevin Merida (on African American reparations) Secretary of State Colin L. Powell said today that terrorists can only be attacked from the highest moral... |
2003 |
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| Genna Rae McNeil |
BEFORE BROWN: REFLECTIONS ON HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND VISION |
52 American University Law Review 1431 (August, 2003) |
I am . . . concerned . . . that the Negro shall not be content simply with demanding a share in the existing system. [H]is fundamental responsibility and historical challenge is . . . to make sure that the system which shall survive in the United States of America . . . shall be a system which guarantees justice and freedom for everyone. Charles... |
2003 |
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| Margaret M. Russell |
CLEANSING MOMENTS AND RETROSPECTIVE JUSTICE |
101 Michigan Law Review 1225 (March, 2003) |
We live in an era of questioning and requestioning long-held assumptions about the role of race in law, both in criminal prosecutions specifically and in the legal process generally. Certainly, the foundational framework is not new; for decades, both legal literature and jurisprudence have explored in great detail the realities of racism in the... |
2003 |
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| Kim Forde-Mazrui |
LIVE AND LET LOVE: SELF-DETERMINATION IN MATTERS OF INTIMACY AND IDENTITY |
101 Michigan Law Review 2185 (May, 2003) |
Are you free to choose the race of your spouse, . . . of your child, . . . of yourself? Historically, the legal and social answer to these questions was No. Matters of racial identity and interracial intimacy were strictly circumscribed by ideologies of racial essentialism and separation, ostensibly rooted in science, morality, and religion. In... |
2003 |
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| Cheryl I. Harris |
MINING IN HARD GROUND |
116 Harvard Law Review 2487 (June, 2003) |
In the wake of the elections of 2002, Republican control over national political structures is arguably complete and consolidated. Not only are the presidency, Congress, and the federal judiciary in the hands of Republicans, but also policies and decisions are being shaped by some of the more aggressively conservative sectors of the party. As... |
2003 |
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| Barry C. Feld |
RACE, POLITICS, AND JUVENILE JUSTICE: THE WARREN COURT AND THE CONSERVATIVE "BACKLASH" |
87 Minnesota Law Review 1447 (May 1, 2003) |
[C]onsiderations of race are now deeply imbedded in the strategy and tactics of politics, in competing concepts of the function and responsibility of government, and in each voter's conceptual structure of moral and partisan identity. Race helps define liberal and conservative ideologies, shapes the presidential coalitions of the Democratic and... |
2003 |
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| Leonard M. Baynes |
RACIAL STEREOTYPES, BROADCAST CORPORATIONS, AND THE BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE |
37 University of Richmond Law Review 819 (March, 2003) |
The major networks have received a great deal of criticism for the absence of, and stereotyping of, people of color who appear on their prime-time television shows. Many more African American characters appear on television series today than at any other time in television's previous history. African Americans comprise an ever larger and growing... |
2003 |
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| David P. Fidler |
RACISM OR REALPOLITIK? U.S. FOREIGN POLICY AND THE HIV/AIDS CATASTROPHE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA |
7 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 97 (Spring 2003) |
The world stood by while AIDS overwhelmed sub-Saharan Africa. Peter Piot, Executive Director of UNAIDS, July 7, 2002 Infectious disease epidemics have played important roles in the history of humankind. Historians have studied, for example, the continent-wide political, economic, and social impact of the bubonic plague--the Black Death--in... |
2003 |
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| Kaimipono David Wenger |
SLAVERY AS A TAKINGS CLAUSE VIOLATION |
53 American University Law Review 191 (October, 2003) |
Introduction. 192 I. Slaves Possessed a Property Right of Self-Ownership. 199 A. A Conceptual Foundation. 199 B. Characteristics of the Self-Ownership Right. 204 1. Universality. 204 2. Inalienability. 204 C. Self-Ownership as Constitutionally Protected Property. 208 II. Reconceptualizing Slavery as a Taking. 209 A. Preliminary Inquiries. 210 1.... |
2003 |
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| Jeffery M. Brown |
BLACK INTERNATIONALISM: EMBRACING AN ECONOMIC PARADIGM |
23 Michigan Journal of International Law 807 (Summer 2002) |
Introduction. 807 I. Black Internationalism and the Challenges of Globalization. 819 A. Defining Internationalism. 821 B. Black Internationalism: A Conceptual Overview. 823 II. Historical Expressions of Black Internationalism. 827 A. Assessing the Free South African Movement. 828 B. Bananas, Trade, and the Limitations of Pan-Africanism. 832 C. The... |
2002 |
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| Charles J. Ogletree, Jr. |
BLACK MAN'S BURDEN: RACE AND THE DEATH PENALTY IN AMERICA |
81 Oregon Law Review 15 (Spring 2002) |
Nearly 120 years ago, Frederick Douglass, the former slave and great African American leader, described the American criminal justice system as follows: Justice is often painted with bandaged eyes. She is described in forensic eloquence, as utterly blind to wealth or poverty, high or low, white or black, but a mask of iron, however thick, could... |
2002 |
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| Francis T. Cullen, John E. Eck, Christopher T. Lowenkamp, University of Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati |
ENVIRONMENTAL CORRECTIONS-A NEW PARADIGM FOR EFFECTIVE PROBATION AND PAROLE SUPERVISION |
66-SEP Federal Probation 28 (September, 2002) |
Only a small percentage of men have to go back to prison. I think that many convicted fellows deserve another chance. However, we not only have to play fair with the fellow who's gotten bad breaks, but we must also consider the rights of taxpayers and our duties toward them. We don't want anyone in jail who can make good [quoted in Robinson, 2001,... |
2002 |
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| E. Christi Cunningham |
IDENTITY MARKETS |
45 Howard Law Journal 491 (Spring 2002) |
A miracle--a man fed the multitude with seven loaves and a few fish, and there was more than enough for everyone. Making plenty out of scarcity on a moment's notice, in a mountain wilderness, with just a prayer, probably would constitute a miracle even by modern standards. In this article, however, I develop a theory for addressing scarcity without... |
2002 |
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| Steven W. Bender , Keith Aoki |
SEEKIN' THE CAUSE: SOCIAL JUSTICE MOVEMENTS AND LATCRIT COMMUNITY |
81 Oregon Law Review 595 (Fall 2002) |
These are revolutionary times. All over the globe men are revolting against old systems of exploitation and oppression, and out of the wounds of a frail world, new systems of justice and equality are being born. The shirtless and barefoot people of the land are rising up as never before. The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light. We in... |
2002 |
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| William N. Eskridge, Jr |
SOME EFFECTS OF IDENTITY-BASED SOCIAL MOVEMENTS ON CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY |
100 Michigan Law Review 2062 (August, 2002) |
I. Constitutional Arguments and Strategies Deployed by Three Twentieth Century Identity-Based Social Movements. 2069 A. The Civil Rights Movement. 2072 1. The Politics of Protection, 1913-40. 2073 2. The Politics of Recognition and Some Remediation, 1940-72. 2082 3. The Politics of Remediation and the New Politics of Preservation, 1972-Present.... |
2002 |
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| Alexander Tsesis |
THE PROBLEM OF CONFEDERATE SYMBOLS: A THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT APPROACH |
75 Temple Law Review 539 (Fall 2002) |
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. -U.S. Const. amend. XIII We have been... |
2002 |
|
| Penny J. White |
A RESPONSE AND RETORT |
33 Connecticut Law Review 899 (Spring, 2001) |
Mr. Tabak's thorough and informative article is convincing in its thesis-that the capital punishment climate in this country is changing in significant part because of substantial doubts about the legal system's ability to prevent innocent people from being executed. The article credits the change to the use of DNA evidence, the exoneration of... |
2001 |
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| Martha Chamallas |
DEEPENING THE LEGAL UNDERSTANDING OF BIAS: ON DEVALUATION AND BIASED PROTOTYPES |
74 Southern California Law Review 747 (March, 2001) |
The limits of contemporary antidiscrimination law are exceedingly narrow. There is a wide gulf between conduct that may be popularly regarded as racist or sexist and that which is prohibited by law, regardless of whether we focus on constitutional mandates or on the somewhat broader reach of important antidiscrimination laws, such as Title VII of... |
2001 |
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| Eric K. Yamamoto , Susan K. Serrano , Minal Shah Fenton , James Gifford , David Forman , Bill Hoshijo , Jayna Kim |
DISMANTLING CIVIL RIGHTS: MULTIRACIAL RESISTANCE AND RECONSTRUCTION |
31 Cumberland Law Review 523 (2000-2001) |
I am from Hawai'i, America's fiftieth state. I am a third generation Japanese-American. At the turn of the last century, my grandparents hoped to better their hard life in Japan and emigrated to work on Hawai'i's sugar plantations. In response to oppressive work and living conditions, my grandfather helped a fledging union fight the White... |
2001 |
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| Kevin Hopkins |
FORGIVE U.S. OUR DEBTS? RIGHTING THE WRONGS OF SLAVERY |
89 Georgetown Law Journal 2531 (August, 2001) |
We must make sure that their deaths have posthumous meaning. We must make sure that from now until the end of days all humankind stares this evil in the face . and only then can we be sure it will never arise again. President Ronald Reagan In recent months, claims for reparations for slavery have gained new popularity amongst black intellectuals... |
2001 |
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| Petal Nevella Modeste |
RACE HATE SPEECH: THE PERVASIVE BADGE OF SLAVERY THAT MOCKS THE THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT |
44 Howard Law Journal 311 (Winter 2001) |
What is freedom? Is it the mere negation? Is it bare privilege of not being chained, - of not being bought and sold, branded and scourged? If this is all, then freedom is a bitter mockery, a cruel delusion. . . . But liberty is no negation. It is a substantial, tangible reality. It is the realization of those imperishable truths of the Declaration.... |
2001 |
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| René Bowser |
RACIAL PROFILING IN HEALTH CARE: AN INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL TREATMENT DISPARITIES |
7 Michigan Journal of Race and Law 79 (Fall 2001) |
INTRODUCTION. 80 I. Seeking Treatment While Black: Empirical Evidence of Racial Discrimination. 83 A. The Schulman Study. 84 B. The Provision of Medicare Services. 85 C. Managed Care. 87 D. Acute Care Settings. 89 II. Poverty of Existing Explanations of Racial Disparity. 91 A. Cultural Preferences. 92 B. Overuse by Whites. 95 C. Unconscious Racism.... |
2001 |
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| Joe R. Feagin , Kevin E. Early , Karyn D. Mckinney |
THE MANY COSTS OF DISCRIMINATION: THE CASE OF MIDDLE-CLASS AFRICAN AMERICANS |
34 Indiana Law Review 1313 (2001) |
A century ago the pioneering social psychologist, William James, noted that there is no more serious punishment for human beings than social isolation and marginalization. An impotent despair often develops among those who are isolated and treated as less than human in social interaction. In the last two decades social scientists have documented... |
2001 |
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| Denise C. Morgan |
THE NEW SCHOOL FINANCE LITIGATION: ACKNOWLEDGING THAT RACE DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC EDUCATION IS MORE THAN JUST A TORT |
96 Northwestern University Law Review 99 (Fall 2001) |
In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court suggested justice demands that states treat public education as a communal resource to be distributed on equal terms with respect to race. Indeed, the Court's famous phrase--[s]eparate educational facilities are inherently unequal--could imply that misdistribution of that essential resource... |
2001 |
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| Luke Charles Harris ; & Uma Narayan |
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AS EQUALIZING OPPORTUNITY: CHALLENGING THE MYTH OF "PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT" |
16 National Black Law Journal 127 (1999-2000) |
The public debate that swirls around affirmative action programs raises profound questions about what it means to promote the idea of equal citizenship in contemporary America. But, I am a proud beneficiary of affirmative action. I have never felt stigmatized by it. In fact, I have always felt honored to have had the opportunity to benefit from a... |
2000 |
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| Dorothy E. Roberts |
CREATING AND SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DRUG USE DURING PREGNANCY |
90 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1353 (Summer 2000) |
In the mid-1980s newspapers began to report an explosion of babies born affected by drugs in the womb. The crisis of drug-exposed babies cried out for action. Prosecutors across the county decided to tackle the problem by prosecuting the babies' mothers. Between 1985 and 1995, at least two hundred women in thirty states were charged with crimes... |
2000 |
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| Ana Joanes |
DOES THE NEW YORK CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT DESERVE CREDIT FOR THE DECLINE IN NEW YORK CITY'S HOMICIDE RATES? A CROSS-CITY COMPARISON OF POLICING STRATEGIES AND HOMICIDE RATES |
33 Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 265 (Spring, 2000) |
When asked why crime rates fluctuate, one criminal law expert admits that [t]he honest answer is that no one knows. Despite the truth of this answer, one finds few reflections of its wisdom when reviewing media coverage of the decline in New York City's crime rate during the mid-1990s. The story seems almost too good to be true. As New York City... |
2000 |
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| Natsu Taylor Saito |
FROM SLAVERY AND SEMINOLES TO AIDS IN SOUTH AFRICA: AN ESSAY ON RACE AND PROPERTY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW |
45 Villanova Law Review 1135 (2000) |
I. Introduction: Critical Race Theory, International Law and Property Rights. 1136 II. Slavery and Seminoles: People as Property. 1142 A. Setting the Stage: Maroons Before 1776. 1142 B. Slavery and International Law in the New Nation. 1145 C. The Seminole Wars: Liberty or Death. 1150 III. The Influence of Slaveholding Interests on Law and Policy.... |
2000 |
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| Aaron Goldstein |
INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS: ANOTHER ATTEMPT AT ELIMINATING NATIVE AMERICAN MASCOTS |
3 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 689 (Spring 2000) |
I. Introduction II. Background A. Racial Imagery B. The Impact of Native American Mascots C. Other Attempts at a Remedy III. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress A. Elements of Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress B. Extreme and Outrageous Conduct C. Severe Emotional Distress IV. Analysis A. Extreme and Outrageous Conduct B. Severe... |
2000 |
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| Kenneth B. Nunn |
THE "DARDEN DILEMMA": SHOULD AFRICAN AMERICANS PROSECUTE CRIMES? |
68 Fordham Law Review 1473 (April, 2000) |
W.E.B. Du Bois said that we were all of two worlds--part African and part American. It is only in the middle where we can be free to be both, to move in the world of American laws and culture without forsaking our African heritage. Christopher Darden Everyone knows who Christopher Darden is. Even now, years after the O.J. Simpson murder trial made... |
2000 |
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| W. Burlette Carter |
TRUE REPARATIONS |
68 George Washington Law Review 1021 (July/September, 2000) |
Not surprisingly, Professor Anthony Cook delivers a provocative piece, one that follows the tradition of his other scholarship illuminating the world of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. He also joins a number of notable African American commentators, including U.S. Representative John Conyers and Randall Robinson, President of TransAfrica, in advocating... |
2000 |
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| Maurice E.R. Munroe |
UNAMERICAN TAIL: OF SEGREGATION AND MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION |
64 Albany Law Review 241 (2000) |
Introduction: The Tail. 242 Part 1: The Tale of the Segregation Scandal. 244 Part 2: The Tale of Tenacious Prejudice. 254 Part 3: The Tale of How Prejudice Causes Segregation. 268 Part 4: The Tale of How Schools Taught Prejudice. 279 Part 5: The Tale of How Knowledge Perpetuates Prejudice. 287 Part 6: The American Tale of Multicultural Education.... |
2000 |
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| Jonathan L. Entin |
VIOLA LIUZZO AND THE GENDERED POLITICS OF MARTYRDOM |
23 Harvard Women's Law Journal 249 (Spring, 2000) |
The decade between 1955 and 1965 produced numerous civil rights martyrs. Many of those who lost their lives during this period have been the subject of books. Among them are such celebrated figures as Medgar Evers (the NAACP's Mississippi field secretary); Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andrew Goodman (the three civil rights workers who were... |
2000 |
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| Bernard W. Bell |
BYRON R. WHITE, KENNEDY JUSTICE |
51 Stanford Law Review 1373 (May, 1999) |
Reviewing a biography of retired Justice Byron White and commenting on the Justice's jurisprudence offers a daunting range of possibilities given White's varied life (star athlete, Yale and Rhodes scholar, private lawyer, and Justice Department official) and important tenure on the Supreme Court (thirty-one years during the Warren, Burger, and... |
1999 |
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| Carolyn Wolpert |
CONSIDERING RACE AND CRIME: DISTILLING NON-PARTISAN POLICY FROM OPPOSING THEORIES |
36 American Criminal Law Review 265 (Spring 1999) |
I. Introduction. 265 II. Opposing Theoretical Arguments. 268 A. Critical Race Theory. 268 B. Neo-Conservative Theorists on Race and Crime. 271 C. Traditional Liberal and Conservative Arguments. 274 III. Criminology and Sociology. 276 IV. The Distillation of Policy. 280 A. De-emphasizing Race. 281 B. Recognizing the Non-Mutually Exclusive Nature of... |
1999 |
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| David C. Williams |
CONSTITUTIONAL TALES OF VIOLENCE: POPULISTS, OUTGROUPS, AND THE MULTICULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE SECOND AMENDMENT |
74 Tulane Law Review 387 (December, 1999) |
Traditionally, populists have claimed the Second Amendment as their particular cultural property; by contrast, outgroups and elites have found the Amendment somewhat culturally alien. Recently, some outgroup members have argued that their groups ought to embrace the Amendment because the right to keep and bear arms can be a valuable way of... |
1999 |
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| DOROTHY E. ROBERTS |
FOREWORD: RACE, VAGUENESS, AND THE SOCIAL MEANING OF ORDER-MAINTENANCE POLICING |
89 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 775 (Spring 1999) |
In June, 1992, the Chicago City Council passed a loitering ordinance that gave police officers exceptionally broad power to disperse any group of two or more people standing in public if the police suspect that the group includes a gang member. Any person who does not promptly obey an order to disperse is subject to arrest and six months in prison.... |
1999 |
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| Charles L. Zelden |
FROM RIGHTS TO RESOURCES: THE SOUTHERN FEDERAL DISTRICT COURTS AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF CIVIL RIGHTS IN EDUCATION, 1968-1974 |
32 Akron Law Review 471 (1999) |
By 1968, the court ordered civil rights revolution was at a crossroads. More than a decade after Brown v. Board of Education had called for school desegregation, few schools were even marginally integrated. Southern opposition to desegregation, combined with a lack of direction from the Supreme Court, had left the lower federal courts unwilling,... |
1999 |
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| Pamela J. Smith |
LOOKING BEYOND TRADITIONAL EDUCATIONAL PARADIGMS: WHEN OLD VICTIMS BECOME NEW VICTIMIZERS |
23 Hamline Law Review 101 (Fall, 1999) |
C1-4tABLE OF CONTENTS L1-4 i. L2-3iNTRODUCTION 102 L1-4 iI. L2-3tHE TRADITIONAL EDUCATIONAL PARADIGM 107 a. historical Barriers to Education 108 b. modern Application of the Traditional Educational Paradigm: Highlighting Subject-Matter Gender Discrimination 112 L1-4 iII. L2-3wHEN OLD VICTIMS BECOME NEW VICTIMIZERS 118 A. identifying Who Teaches... |
1999 |
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| Pamela J. Smith |
OUR CHILDREN'S BURDEN: THE MANY-HEADED HYDRA OF THE EDUCATIONAL DISENFRANCHISEMENT OF BLACK CHILDREN |
42 Howard Law Journal 133 (Winter 1999) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 135 II. THE ORIGINAL HYDRA. 138 A. The Constitutional Compromises. 141 B. The Racial Reasons for the Original Constitutional Compromises. 146 C. The Constitutional Effect of the Original Compromises. 150 1. The Pro-Slavery Thirteenth Amendment. 156 2. The Gradual Compensatory Emancipation Incentive. 158 D. The Rise of Blacks as... |
1999 |
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| Pamela J. Smith ; |
PART II--ROMANTIC PATERNALISM--THE TIES THAT BIND: HIERARCHIES OF ECONOMIC OPPRESSION THAT REVEAL JUDICIAL DISAFFINITY FOR BLACK WOMEN AND MEN |
3 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 181 (Fall 1999) |
Preface I. Introduction II. Black Women and Economic Exploitation: No Romance and No Paternalistic Protection A. Economic Exploitation of Black Women's Labor B. Expanded Economic Exploitation 1. Exploitation Shown Through Type of Work Availability 2. Exploitation Shown Through Wage Disparities C. Black Women's Quasi-Protection Under Sex Plus D.... |
1999 |
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| Anthony V. Alfieri |
PROSECUTING RACE |
48 Duke Law Journal 1157 (April, 1999) |
Theoreticians and practitioners in the American criminal justice system increasingly debate the role of racial identity, racialized narratives, and race-neutral representation in law, lawyering, and ethics. This debate holds special bearing on the growing prosecution and defense of acts of racially motivated violence. In this continuing... |
1999 |
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