| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Gender in title or Summary | Ethnicity Identified in Title |
| Sally S. Simpson , Lori Elis |
Is Gender Subordinate to Class? An Empirical Assessment of Colvin and Pauly's Structural Marxist Theory of Delinquency |
85 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 453 (Fall, 1994) |
For Karl Marx, the problem of crime in capitalist societies was linked to the material forces of capitalism and class domination. Although Marx did not extensively discuss the problem, he did remark that criminality seemed to be concentrated in the dangerous classes. The lumenproletariat, or parasitic class of criminals, consisted of...; Search Snippet: ...Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Fall, 1994 Criminology IS GENDER SUBORDINATE TO CLASS? AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF COLVIN AND PAULY'S... |
1996 |
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| Tobi V. Neff |
J.e.b. V. Alabama: the Supreme Court Extends the Equal Protection Clause by Prohibiting Gender-based Peremptory Challenges |
21 Ohio Northern University Law Review 615 (1994) |
I. Introduction In J.E.B. v. Alabama, the Supreme Court considered the issue of extending equal protection scrutiny to gender-based peremptory challenges. In a six-to-three decision, the Court found that gender-based peremptory challenges were prohibited by the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Because it required no explanation...; Search Snippet: ...THE SUPREME COURT EXTENDS THE EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE BY PROHIBITING GENDER-BASED PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES Tobi V. Neff Copyright (c) 1995 by... |
1996 |
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| Justice Bernette J. Johnson |
Justice Revius O. Ortique, Jr.: a Man for All Seasons |
36 Southern University Law Review 1 (Fall, 2008) |
Justice Revius O. Ortique, Jr., Louisiana's first African-American elected to the Louisiana State Supreme Court, was a genuine trailblazer in his own right. Webster's Dictionary defines trailblazer as one that blazes a trail to guide others; i.e. a pathfinder, a pioneer. Justice Ortique was a man who realized many firsts: first African-American...; Search Snippet: ...Review Fall, 2008 Article JUSTICE REVIUS O. ORTIQUE, JR.: A MAN FOR ALL SEASONS Justice Bernette J. Johnson [FN1] Copyright © 2008... |
1996 |
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African/Black American |
| Nancy E. Dowd |
Masculinities and Feminist Legal Theory |
23 Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender & Society 201 (Fall 2008) |
Feminist theory has examined men, patriarchy, and masculine characteristics predominantly as sources of power, domination, inequality, and subordination. Various theories of inequality developed by feminists challenge and reveal structures and discourses that reinforce explicitly or implicitly the centrality of men and the male identity of a...; Search Snippet: ...as a claim to equality. [FN122] The distinctive masculinity of African American men has been labeled cool pose by Richard Majors. [FN123] [B]lack... |
1996 |
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African/Black American |
| Steven Bennett Weisburd , Brian Levin |
On the Basis of Sex: Recognizing Gender-based Bias Crimes |
5 Stanford Law and Policy Review 21 (Spring, 1994) |
Well, maybe the Wisconsin legislature thought that there weren't any misogynists in Wisconsin. --Chief Justice William Rehnquist (question at oral argument in Wisconsin v. Mitchell regarding counsel's argument that Wisconsin's bias crime law was under-inclusive because it failed to include gender). Until women as a class have the same protection...; Search Snippet: ...Spring, 1994 Gender Symposium ON THE BASIS OF SEX: RECOGNIZING GENDER-BASED BIAS CRIMES Steven Bennett Weisburd [FNa] Brian Levin [Fnb... |
1996 |
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| Judge Arthur L. Burnett, Sr. |
Permeation of Race, National Origin and Gender Issues from Initial Law Enforcement Contact Through Sentencing: the Need for Sensitivity, Equalitarianism and Vigilance in the Criminal Justice System |
31 American Criminal Law Review 1153 (Summer, 1994) |
This article takes a close look at the actual operation of the entire criminal justice system with reference to issues of racism, national origin and gender bias, from the initial police or law enforcement contact with the individual through the final process of sentencing the guilty offender. What is the remedy when, in the exercise of police...; Search Snippet: ...Review Summer, 1994 Symposium PERMEATION OF RACE, NATIONAL ORIGIN AND GENDER ISSUES FROM INITIAL LAW ENFORCEMENT CONTACT THROUGH SENTENCING: THE NEED... |
1996 |
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| Catharine A. MacKinnon |
Prostitution and Civil Rights |
1 Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 13 (1993) |
The gap between the promise of civil rights and the real lives of prostitutes is an abyss which swallows up prostituted women. To speak of prostitution and civil rights in one breath moves the two into one world, at once exposing and narrowing the distance between them. Women in prostitution are denied every imaginable civil right in every...; Search Snippet: ...serial murders of women in Los Angeles, the eleven dead African- American women who had been in prostitution and were found under piles of rags in Detroitthese acts are gender cleansing. Snuff films are part of it. When killing women... |
1996 |
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| Martha Chamallas |
Questioning the Use of Race-specific and Gender-specific Economic Data in Tort Litigation: a Constitutional Argument |
63 Fordham Law Review 73 (October, 1994) |
TORT law, like virtually every other legal subject, has increasingly come under scrutiny by scholars seeking to uncover hidden biases based on race, gender and other important dimensions of personal identity. In law reviews and in final reports of gender and race bias task forces, questions have been raised about the basic equity of legal standards...; Search Snippet: ...And The Law QUESTIONING THE USE OF RACE-SPECIFIC AND GENDER-SPECIFIC ECONOMIC DATA IN TORT LITIGATION: A CONSTITUTIONAL ARGUMENT Martha... |
1996 |
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| Samara F. Swanston |
Race, Gender, Age, and Disproportionate Impact: What Can We Do about the Failure to Protect the Most Vulnerable? |
21 Fordham Urban Law Journal 577 (Spring 1994) |
Hard economic times and social conditions are driving a reordering of environmental protection priorities that threatens to sacrifice the most vulnerable groups. Environmental regulatory agencies acknowledge that vulnerable populations face the greatest risk of harm from environmental insult and that these groups are not adequately protected....; Search Snippet: ...URBAN LAW JOURNAL Fordham Urban Law Journal Spring 1994 RACE, GENDER, AGE, AND DISPROPORTIONATE IMPACT: WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT THE... |
1996 |
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| Elizabeth A. Pendo |
Recognizing Violence Against Women: Gender and the Hate Crimes Statistics Act |
17 Harvard Women's Law Journal 157 (Spring, 1994) |
Two million acts of rape were committed against women in 1991. A report on hate crime issued by the Federal Bureau of Investigation pursuant to the Hate Crimes Statistics Act of 1991 stated that only seven of these attacks were motivated by hate. The United States Congress defined violence aimed at people because of their race, religion, sexual...; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal Spring, 1994 Recent Development RECOGNIZING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: GENDER AND THE HATE CRIMES STATISTICS ACT Elizabeth A. Pendo [Fna... |
1996 |
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| Floyd D. Weatherspoon |
The Devastating Impact of the Justice System on the Status of African-american Males: an Overview Perspective |
23 Capital University Law Review 23 (1994) |
C1-3Table of Contents L1-2Introduction 24. I. Stereotypical Biases Against African-American Males. 28 II. Criminal Justice System. 30 A. Selective Enforcement. 30 B. Incarceration of African-American Males. 35 C. Racial Disparities in Sentencing. 38 D. Racial Disparities in Prosecutorial Decisions. 42 E. Law Enforcement and Police Brutality--The...; Search Snippet: ...DEVASTATING IMPACT OF THE JUSTICE SYSTEM ON THE STATUS OF AFRICAN- AMERICAN MALES: AN OVERVIEW PERSPECTIVE Floyd D. Weatherspoon [FNa1] Copyright (c) 1994... |
1996 |
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| Kevin D. Brown |
The Dilemma of Legal Discourse for Public Educational Responses to the "Crisis" Facing African-american Males |
23 Capital University Law Review 63 (1994) |
C1-3Table of Contents L1-2Introduction 64. I. Legal Discourse and the Intersection of Race, Gender and Public Education. 67 II. The Individualist Framework. 71 A. Conceptual Structure. 71 1. View of the knowing individual. 71 2. Emancipatory role of this framework. 72 3. Role of government. 74 B. The Constitutional Historical Development. 75 1....; Search Snippet: ...LEGAL DISCOURSE FOR PUBLIC EDUCATIONAL RESPONSES TO THE CRISIS FACING AFRICAN- AMERICAN MALES Kevin D. Brown [FNa1] Copyright (c) 1994 by the Capital... |
1996 |
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| D. Aaron Lacy |
The Most Endangered Title Vii Plaintiff?: Exponential Discrimination Against Black Males |
86 Nebraska Law Review 552 (2008) |
I. Introduction. 552 II. The Development of the Exponential Argument. 558 III. The Black Male: The Case for a Special Category. 564 IV. The Current Predicament: The Affects of Stereotypes and Exponential Discrimination on Black Men. 568 V. Exponential Claims in Modern Law. 580 A. Statutory Support for Exponential Claims. 580 B. Analysis of an...; Search Snippet: ...THE MOST ENDANGERED TITLE VII PLAINTIFF?: EXPONENTIAL DISCRIMINATION AGAINST BLACK MALES D. Aaron Lacy [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2008 University of Nebraska... |
1996 |
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African/Black American |
| Patrick J. Guinee |
The Trend Toward the Extension of Batson to Gender-based Peremptory Challenges |
32 Duquesne Law Review 833 (Summer 1994) |
Since the Supreme Court decided Batson v. Kentucky in 1986, the extent of the limitations placed upon the use of peremptory challenges has been questioned in various state and federal court decisions. The purpose of this comment is to provide an overview of one particular aspect of the limitation on peremptory challenges: Should the holding in...; Search Snippet: ...1994 Comment THE TREND TOWARD THE EXTENSION OF BATSON TO GENDER-BASED PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES Patrick J. Guinee Copyright (c) 1994 by... |
1996 |
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| C.J. Griffin |
Workplace Restroom Policies in Light of New Jersey's Gender Identity Protection |
61 Rutgers Law Review 409 (Winter 2009) |
Always use the one that says WHITES ONLY, as she pointed to the sign on the water fountain. . . . The same went for restrooms, except it was even more confusing: aside from whether or not the sign read WHITE or COLORED, I had to make sure it read LADIES' instead of MEN. It seemed like an awful lot to keep up with, when all I wanted was a...; Search Snippet: ...2009 Notes WORKPLACE RESTROOM POLICIES IN LIGHT OF NEW JERSEY'S GENDER IDENTITY PROTECTION C.J. Griffin [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2009 Rutgers University... |
1996 |
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African/Black American |
| Margaret Walker Alexander |
Discovering Our Connections: Race, Gender, and the Law |
1 American University Journal of Gender & the Law ix (Spring, 1993) |
The great American poet, Walt Whitman wrote: I feel I am of them-- I belong to those convicts and prostitutes myself-- And henceforth I will not deny them-- For how can I deny myself? In these United States of America justice is tempered by money and power. Ever since the Constitution was framed more than two hundred years ago the power structure...; Search Snippet: ...the Law Spring, 1993 Keynote Address DISCOVERING OUR CONNECTIONS: RACE, GENDER, AND THE LAW Margaret Walker Alexander [FNa] Copyright (c) 1993... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| Thomas S. McGuire |
First Amendment--free Speech--first Amendment Prohibits Hate Crime Laws That Punish Only Fighting Words Based on Racial, Religious or Gender Animus--r.a.v. V. City of St. Paul, 112 S. Ct. 2538 (1992). |
23 Seton Hall Law Review 1067 (1993) |
Responding to a significant increase in reported crimes motivated by racism and other bias, many legislatures and public universities have enacted anti-hate laws and speech codes proscribing bias-motivated violence and intimidation. Many of these enactments raise serious First Amendment concerns because they attempt to regulate speech and...; Search Snippet: ...THAT PUNISH ONLY FIGHTING WORDS BASED ON RACIAL, RELIGIOUS OR GENDER ANIMUS-- R.A.V. v. CITY OF ST. PAUL, 112 S. CT... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| Dianne Avery |
Gender Stereotypes, Picket Line Violence, and the "Law" of Strike Misconduct Cases |
8 Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution 251 (1993) |
This article explores the role of gender stereotypes in the construction of the legal boundaries of acceptable strike behavior for individual workers. Strikes and their accompanying picket lines are a prominent feature of American labor relations and the subculture of unions. As a part of the economic weaponry of contract negotiations and union...; Search Snippet: ...ON DISPUTE RESOLUTION Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution 1993 GENDER STEREOTYPES, PICKET LINE VIOLENCE, AND THE LAW OF STRIKE MISCONDUCT... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| John S. Lapham |
Gender-based Peremptory Challenges under United States V. De Gross, 960 F.2d 1433 (9th Cir.1992) |
43 Washington University Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law 465 (Spring, 1993) |
The right to exercise peremptory challenges gives both parties at trial an opportunity to reject jurors from the petit jury without cause. The accepted rationale for this practice is to allow a party to dismiss a potential juror based upon the party's intuitive or subjective impression that the juror is not impartial. The ultimate goal is to...; Search Snippet: ...University Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law Spring, 1993 Comment GENDER-BASED PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES UNDER UNITED STATES v. DE GROSS, 960... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| Nancy E. Dowd |
Liberty Vs. Equality: in Defense of Privileged White Males |
34 William and Mary Law Review 429 (Winter, 1993) |
This book is disturbing in more ways than I can count. Grounded in libertarianism and law-and-economics, its thesis is that the principles of choice and freedom of association outweigh equality and justice, justifying the abolition of private employment discrimination law and the imposition of severe limitations on public employment discrimination...; Search Snippet: ...Book Review LIBERTY vs. EQUALITY: IN DEFENSE OF PRIVILEGED WHITE MALES FORBIDDEN GROUNDS: THE CASE AGAINST EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAWS, BY RICHARD... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| Vednita Nelson |
Prostitution: Where Racism & Sexism Intersect |
1 Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 81 (1993) |
Black women find themselves in a unique and extremely difficult position in our society. They are forced to deal with the oppression that arises from being Black in a white-supremacist culture and the oppression that arises from being female in a male-supremacist culture. In order to examine the experience of being Black and female, this paper...; Search Snippet: ...four white police officers of the savage beating of an African- American man. [FN1] When the verdict was handed down, white America learned... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| Bill Ong Hing |
Raising Personal Identification Issues of Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Physical Disability, and Age in Lawyering Courses |
45 Stanford Law Review 1807 (July, 1993) |
Over the past four years I have been teaching in Stanford Law School's Law and Social Change (LSC) curriculum. The curriculum means different things to different people, but in general the curriculum is intended to attract students who want to work with subordinated or disadvantaged communities or in public interest law. While the curriculum does...; Search Snippet: ...Legal Pedagogy RAISING PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION ISSUES OF CLASS, RACE, ETHNICITY, GENDER, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, PHYSICAL DISABILITY, AND AGE IN LAWYERING COURSES Bill... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| Rev. Raymond C. O'Brien |
Single-gender Marriage: a Religious Perspective |
7 Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review 429 (Spring 1998) |
Little has changed so rapidly and so pervasively as family law in the United States. The dynamism of this change is revolutionary. Long-settled principles and practices regarding divorce, marital property, spousal support, and custody, to mention only a few instances, have been abandoned or substantially modified over the last few decades. Not...; Search Snippet: ...Same-sex Relationship Panel Four: Religion, Morality and Sexuality SINGLE- GENDER MARRIAGE: A RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVE Rev. Raymond C. O'Brien [FNa1] Copyright... |
1995 |
Yes |
White/Caucasian |
| Edward J. McCaffery |
Slouching Towards Equality: Gender Discrimination, Market Efficiency, and Social Change |
103 Yale Law Journal 595 (December, 1993) |
C1-3Contents I. Introduction. 596 II. The Basic Facts. 600 III. The Basic Model. 602 A. Preliminary Assumptions. 603 B. Phase I: Rational Discrimination. 603 1. Imperfect Contracts. 606 2. Incomplete and Asymmetric Information. 608 C. Phase II: Self-Fulfilling Prophecy. 615 1. Taxes. 617 2. Incomplete Markets. 619 3. Human Capital Decisions. 622 D....; Search Snippet: ...LAW JOURNAL Yale Law Journal December, 1993 SLOUCHING TOWARDS EQUALITY: GENDER DISCRIMINATION, MARKET EFFICIENCY, AND SOCIAL CHANGE Edward J. McCaffery [Fnd... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| Margaret A. Baldwin |
Strategies of Connection: Prostitution and Feminist Politics |
1 Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 65 (1993) |
I am daunted by the shortness of our time, and by the scope of the tasks we face. There is the task each of you has shouldered in attending this symposium: to absorb and respond to what you are hearing. Many of us, especially those of us who have never been prostituted, have likely heard much about prostitution that seems new, or much that is old...; Search Snippet: ...speech that Ms. Baldwin presented at the Michigan Journal of Gender & Law Symposium entitled Prostitution: From Academia to Activism, held on... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| John Galotto |
Strict Scrutiny for Gender, via Croson |
93 Columbia Law Review 508 (March, 1993) |
The Supreme Court has not yet made a definitive statement regarding the constitutional standard of review for gender-based affirmative action at the state level. A decision in this area will feature a collision of two vibrant and incompatible equal protection doctrines. From one direction there is the gender discrimination jurisprudence, in which...; Search Snippet: ...REVIEW Columbia Law Review March, 1993 Note STRICT SCRUTINY FOR GENDER, VIA CROSON John Galotto Copyright (c) 1993 by the Directors... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| James A. Nortz |
Twelve Angry Men and Ethical Decision-making |
26 ACC Docket 118 (September, 2008) |
In the classic 1957 drama, Twelve Angry Men, an 18-year-old Latino man is accused of first degree murder in the stabbing death of his father. Following the trial, the jury retires to a sweltering room to begin their deliberations. All but Juror #8 (Mr. Davis), played by Henry Fonda, view the matter as an open and shut case and vote to convict....; Search Snippet: ...ACC Docket September, 2008 Department Collateral Business Ethics TWELVE ANGRY MEN AND ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING James A. Nortz [FNa1] Copyright © 2008... |
1995 |
Yes |
African/Black American |
| Wilma Williams Pinder |
When Will Black Women Lawyers Slay the Two-headed Dragon; Racism and Gender Bias? |
20 Pepperdine Law Review 1053 (1993) |
Racism remains the most debilitating virus in the American system and the consequences spill over into almost every facet of life. Lawyers are often analogized to knights because of the many characteristics they share. Both groups of warriors dedicate themselves to causes for which they fight. Skill and courage are essential characteristics in...; Search Snippet: ...BLACK WOMEN LAWYERS SLAY THE TWO-HEADED DRAGON; RACISM AND GENDER BIAS? Wilma Williams Pinder [FNa] Copyright (c) 1993 by the... |
1995 |
Yes |
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| Geneva Brown |
White Man's Justice, Black Man's Grief: Voting Disenfranchisement and the Failure of the Social Contract |
10 Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy 287 (2008) |
Chester blinked at the harsh light in the courtroom and peered around curiously. He had been in and out of courtrooms all his life, but he never got over his fear of them. The black-robed men who sat up high on the benches dispensing their so-called justice filled him with awe. It was not a feeling of reverence or of wonder caused by something...; Search Snippet: ...Journal of African-American Law & Policy 2008 Articles & Essays WHITE MAN'S JUSTICE, BLACK MAN'S GRIEF: VOTING DISENFRANCHISEMENT AND THE FAILURE OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT... |
1995 |
Yes |
African/Black American |
| Samuel Josephs |
Whose Revolution Is This? Gender's Divisive Role in the Black Panther Party |
9 Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law 403 (2008) |
I. Calling All Men: Background and Context of Gender's Role Early On. 404 A. Early Recruitment. 408 B. Women Gain Interest. 410 C. Women Join the Party. 412 II. The Federal, State, and Local Attack on The Black Panther Party. 413 III. Gender's Divide. 416 A. The Visibility of Panther Women: Gender Discussed on the Front Pages. 416 B. Gender as an...; Search Snippet: ...of Gender and Sexuality Law Note WHOSE REVOLUTION IS THIS? GENDER'S DIVISIVE ROLE IN THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY Samuel Josephs [FNa1... |
1995 |
Yes |
African/Black American |
| Victoria Nourse |
After the Reasonable Man: Getting over the Subjectivity/objectivity Question |
11 New Criminal Law Review 33 (Winter, 2008) |
This article challenges the conventional notion of the reasonable man. It argues that we make a category mistake when we adopt the metaphor of a human being as the starting point for analysis of the criminal law and instead offers an alternate approach based on heuristic theory, reconceiving the reasonable man as a heuristic that serves as the...; Search Snippet: ...on the Reasonable Person in Criminal Law AFTER THE REASONABLE MAN: GETTING OVER THE SUBJECTIVITY/OBJECTIVITY QUESTION Victoria Nourse [FNa1] Copyright... |
1995 |
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African/Black American |
| Ruth Colker |
An Equal Protection Analysis of United States Reproductive Health Policy: Gender, Race, Age, and Class |
1991 Duke Law Journal 324 (April, 1991) |
The purpose of this Essay is to bring an anti-essentialist and reproductive health perspective to the public policy debate concerning pregnancy-related regulations, including, but not limited to, abortion regulations. It will attempt to create a gender-based equal protection framework that is attentive to the ways in which U.S. reproductive...; Search Snippet: ...AN EQUAL PROTECTION ANALYSIS OF UNITED STATES REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH POLICY: GENDER, RACE, AGE, AND CLASS Ruth Colker [FNa] Copyright 1991 by... |
1995 |
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Beyond Batson: Eliminating Gender-based Peremptory Challenges |
105 Harvard Law Review 1920 (June, 1992) |
A fundamental tenet of jury selection is that j ury competence is an individual rather than a group or class matter. In jury selection, attorneys should make assessments of each prospective juror's competence and impartiality. For this reason, challenges for cause require a showing that a particular prospective juror is biased. In contrast,...; Search Snippet: ...REVIEW Harvard Law Review June, 1992 Note BEYOND BATSON: ELIMINATING GENDER-BASED PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES Copyright (c) 1992 by the Harvard Law... |
1995 |
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| Edward Crane |
COMMONWEALTH v. KAREN K., 491 MASS. 165 (2023) |
104 Massachusetts Law Review 111 (May, 2024) |
Reasonable doubt is often considered to be the most important legal standard in our criminal justice system. Though notoriously difficult to define, the standard is well known by both lawyers and lay people. The prominence of the standard is reflected in popular culture, as it has served as the title for a classic hip-hop album by Jay-Z as well as... |
1995 |
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| Ingrid Eagly , Steven Shafer |
DETAINED IMMIGRATION COURTS |
110 Virginia Law Review 691 (May, 2024) |
This Article traces the modern development and institutional design of detained immigration courts--that is, the courts that tie detention to deportation. Since the early 1980s, judges in detained immigration courts have presided over more than 3.6 million court cases of persons held in immigration custody, almost all men from Latin America, most... |
1995 |
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| Jere W. Morehead |
Exploring the Frontiers of Batson V. Kentucky: Should the Safeguards of Equal Protection Extend to Gender? |
14 American Journal of Trial Advocacy 289 (Fall, 1990) |
The petit jury has occupied a central position in our system of justice by safeguarding a person accused of crime against the arbitrary exercise of power by prosecutor or judge. During the five years since the Supreme Court's decision in Batson v. Kentucky, lower courts have struggled with a burgeoning list of questions regarding the proper use of...; Search Snippet: ...v. KENTUCKY: SHOULD THE SAFEGUARDS OF EQUAL PROTECTION EXTEND TO GENDER? Jere W. Morehead [FNa] Copyright 1991 by the American Journal... |
1995 |
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| Elizabeth L. Hillman |
Gentlemen under Fire: the U.s. Military and "Conduct Unbecoming" |
26 Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice 1 (Winter 2008) |
Introduction. 1 I. Creating an Officer Class. 10 A. A Scandalous and Infamous Manner. 11 B. The Military Art and American Gentility. 12 C. Continental Army Prosecutions. 15 II. Building a Profession. 17 A. Colonel Winthrop's Definition. 18 B. A Stable Fraternity . 19 C. Old Army Prosecutions. 25 III. Defending a Standing Army. 27 A. As a...; Search Snippet: ...Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice Winter 2008 Article GENTLEMEN UNDER FIRE: THE U.S. MILITARY AND CONDUCT UNBECOMING Elizabeth L... |
1995 |
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African/Black American |
| Sylvia A. Law |
Good Intentions Are Not Enough: an Agenda on Gender for Law School Deans |
77 Iowa Law Review 79 (October, 1991) |
The organizers of the Voices of Women conference asked me to address the question of what deans can do to create a more hospitable environment for women in American law schools. This essay first reminds us how recently women were not welcomed as equals in legal education. It then offers some anecdotal evidence that many legal educators still do not...; Search Snippet: ...Of Women GOOD INTENTIONS ARE NOT ENOUGH: AN AGENDA ON GENDER FOR LAW SCHOOL DEANS Sylvia A. Law [FNa] Copyright ©... |
1995 |
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| Christopher Slobogin , Kate Weisburd |
ILLEGITIMATE CHOICES: A MINIMALIST(?) APPROACH TO CONSENT AND WAIVER IN CRIMINAL CASES |
101 Washington University Law Review 1913 (2024) |
Current doctrine justifies many government searches, interrogations, and deprivations of liberty on the ground that the target of the action voluntarily agreed to it or waived applicable rights. The standard critiques of this doctrine--that these choices are often or always coerced, the result of an unconstitutional condition, or inherently... |
1995 |
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| Judith A. Winston |
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Title Vii, Section 1981, and the Intersection of Race and Gender in the Civil Rights Act of 1990 |
79 California Law Review 775 (May, 1991) |
The Civil Rights Act of 1990 was introduced in the United States Senate and House of Representatives on February 7, 1990. The two companion bills were aimed at overturning a series of 1989 Supreme Court decisions that created roadblocks for people of color and women alleging employment discrimination under title VII of the Civil Rights Act of...; Search Snippet: ...TITLE VII, SECTION 1981, AND THE INTERSECTION OF RACE AND GENDER IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1990 Judith A. Winston... |
1995 |
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| Judith Resnik |
Naturally Without Gender: Women, Jurisdiction, and the Federal Courts |
66 New York University Law Review 1682 (December, 1991) |
For many years, women who work (or who have tried to work) with law and in courts have understood that their gender was relevant to that work. However, until recently, those who run the courts to which women have sought entry have not been interested in the effects of women on courts and of courts on women. Below, Professor Resnik explores the...; Search Snippet: ...Celebration: A Tradition of Women in the Law NATURALLY WITHOUT GENDER: WOMEN, JURISDICTION, AND THE FEDERAL COURTS Judith Resnik [FNa] Copyright... |
1995 |
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| Finesse G. Couch |
Not Just Another Brown Analysis: a Call for Public Education Reform |
20 North Carolina Central Law Journal 143 (1992) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 144 A. Statement of The Problem. 144 B. Background. 145 II. LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS IN PUBLIC EDUCATION. 149 A. Community Schools: Roberts v. City of Boston. 149 B. Equal Education: Brown v. Board of Education (Brown I). 151 C. Legal Implications of Recent Desegregation Cases: Board of Education Oklahoma City v. Dowell Freeman v. Pitts...; Search Snippet: ...As the creator and director of the Center for Educating African- American Males, based at Morgan State University's School of Education and Urban... |
1995 |
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| Paul F. Rothstein , Ronald J. Coleman |
PRIOR RACIST ACTS AND THE CHARACTER EVIDENCE BAN IN HATE CRIME PROSECUTIONS |
102 North Carolina Law Review 753 (March, 2024) |
The killing of unarmed African American Ahmaud Arbery and others ignited a wave of public outrage and refocused attention on race and the criminal justice system. During the recent federal hate crimes proceedings for Arbery's death, the prosecution introduced evidence relating to the alleged past racist acts of the defendants. This type of evidence... |
1995 |
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| Kimberle Crenshaw |
Race, Gender, and Sexual Harassment |
65 Southern California Law Review 1467 (March, 1992) |
I would like to thank Anita Hill and express my deep respect to her for having the courage to shatter the silence on sexual harassment. I am certain that I speak for millions of women in saying that I have been inspired and renewed by her strength and integrity. I have looked forward to addressing you tonight on a critical issue at this very...; Search Snippet: ...Remarks Before The National Forum For Women State Legislators RACE, GENDER, AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT [FNa] Kimberle Crenshaw [FNaa] Copyright (c) 1992... |
1995 |
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| S. Alexandria Jo |
Reconstruction of the Peremptory Challenge System: a Look at Gender-based Peremptory Challenges |
22 Pacific Law Journal 1305 (July, 1991) |
Until recently, attorneys had absolute and unquestioned discretion in exercising their peremptory challenges. This unrestrained nature of peremptory challenges was drastically altered by the Supreme Court in 1986 when the Court ruled that prosecutors may no longer exercise their peremptory challenges based solely on the race of the prospective...; Search Snippet: ...Comment RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PEREMPTORY CHALLENGE SYSTEM: A LOOK AT GENDER-BASED PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES S. Alexandria Jo Copyright 1991 by the... |
1995 |
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| Aliza Hochman Bloom |
REVIVING REHABILITATION AS A DECARCERAL TOOL |
101 Washington University Law Review 1989 (2024) |
After advocates argued that circumstances attendant to late adolescent offenders make them less culpable for their offenses and better disposed to rehabilitation, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) held in January 2024 that it is unconstitutional to sentence eighteen-to-twenty-year-olds to life without parole. Last summer, Connecticut... |
1995 |
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| Leslie Bender |
Sex Discrimination or Gender Inequality? |
57 Fordham Law Review 941 (May, 1989) |
Judge Judith Kaye, in her October 1988 Noreen E. McNamara Memorial Lecture, took on the big Wall Street law firms. She praised the progress that these firms have made in the last thirty-five years by increasing the numbers of women in their ranks. She gave us statistics and stories about women in big firms, and after carefully setting the stage and...; Search Snippet: ...Essay Gender Equality in the Legal Profession SEX DISCRIMINATION OR GENDER INEQUALITY? [FNa1] Leslie Bender [FNaa1] Copyright 1989 by Leslie Bender... |
1995 |
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| Owen D. Jones |
Sex Selection: Regulating Technology Enabling the Predetermination of a Child's Gender |
6 Harvard Journal of Law & Technology Tech. 1 (Fall, 1992) |
As technology allowing preselection of a child's gender has improved, observers have debated whether such practices should be prohibited. With sex selection, as with many issues of emotional appeal, political positions have antedated careful reflection, and legislative initiatives have marched well in advance of strategic planning. As a result,...; Search Snippet: ...SEX SELECTION: REGULATING TECHNOLOGY ENABLING THE PREDETERMINATION OF A CHILD'S GENDER Owen D. Jones [FNa1] Copyright (c) 1992 by the President... |
1995 |
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| Ekow N. Yankah |
SHOULD RACIALLY VULNERABLE VICTIMS SHOW MERCY? |
102 Texas Law Review 1515 (June, 2024) |
On June 17, 2015, twenty-one-year-old Dylann Roof entered the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina, sat, and prayed with nine congregants for at least an hour before pulling out a handgun and killing Cynthia Hurd, Susan Jackson, Ethel Lance, DePayne Middleton-Doctor, State Senator Rev. Clementa Pinckney, Tywanza... |
1995 |
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| Robert A. Williams, Jr. |
The Algebra of Federal Indian Law: the Hard Trial of Decolonizing and Americanizing the White Man's Indian Jurisprudence |
1986 Wisconsin Law Review 219 (1986) |
Professor Robert Williams examines the historical origins of modern Indian law jurisprudence. He argues that the white man's European-derived legal discourse relies on historically derived myths to legitimize the colonization and subordination of Indian tribes. These myths have their roots in the medieval Christian Church's attempts to use legal...; Search Snippet: ...LAW: THE HARD TRIAL OF DECOLONIZING AND AMERICANIZING THE WHITE MAN'S INDIAN JURISPRUDENCE Robert A. Williams, Jr. [FNa] Copyright 1986 by... |
1995 |
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