| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Key Terms in Title or Summary |
| Jennifer Rae Taylor |
A HISTORY OF TOLERANCE FOR VIOLENCE |
44 Human Rights 5 (2019) |
We are living in America's era of mass incarceration. With just 5 percent of the world's population, this nation holds 25 percent of the world's prisoners-- and many more people impacted by its crime policies. More than 2.1 million Americans are incarcerated in jails and prisons, up from less than 200,000 in 1972, while over 4.6 million more are on... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Mark W. Bennett |
A JUDGE'S ATTEMPT AT SENTENCING INCONSISTENCY AFTER BOOKER: JUDGE (RET.) MARK W. BENNETT'S GUIDELINES FOR SENTENCING |
41 Cardozo Law Review 243 (October, 2019) |
Federal sentencing is a tragic mess. Thirty years of conflicting legislative experiments began with high hope but resulted in mass incarceration. Judge Jack B. Weinstein (The Judge) is a federal sentencing icon, often highly praised but occasionally vilified for his progressive sentencing views and cutting-edge sentencing opinions. He... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Claire Ashley Saba |
A ROADMAP FOR COMPREHENSIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM TO EMPLOY EX-OFFENDERS: BEYOND TITLE VII AND BAN THE BOX |
56 American Criminal Law Review 547 (Spring, 2019) |
This Note argues that the federal government needs to go beyond Ban the Box and Title VII in order to address one facet of America's mass incarceration by promoting employment of ex-offenders. While Title VII addresses racial employment discrimination against Black ex-offenders, Title VII is a patchwork solution to a larger problem. Though useful... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Dylan Rodríguez |
ABOLITION AS PRAXIS OF HUMAN BEING: A FOREWORD |
132 Harvard Law Review 1575 (April, 2019) |
What are the historical conditions and political imperatives of abolition as a contemporary praxis? How does abolition generate a radical critique of carceral power--of incarceration as a logic of state and social formation? What are the limitations of liberal-to-progressive demands to reform (allegedly) dysfunctional and/or scandalous systems... |
2019 |
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| I. Bennett Capers |
AFROFUTURISM, CRITICAL RACE THEORY, AND POLICING IN THE YEAR 2044 |
94 New York University Law Review 1 (April, 2019) |
In 2044, the United States is projected to become a majority-minority country, with people of color making up more than half of the population. And yet in the public imagination--from Robocop to Minority Report, from Star Trek to Star Wars, from A Clockwork Orange to 1984 to Brave New World--the future is usually envisioned as majority white.... |
2019 |
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| Alice Ristroph |
AN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF MASS INCARCERATION |
60 Boston College Law Review 1949 (October, 2019) |
Introduction. 1950 I. The Nightmare. 1956 A. Conduct Defined as Criminal. 1959 B. Enforcement Choices. 1965 1. From Private to Public Enforcement. 1966 2. Expansions of Capacity. 1967 3. The Elusive Jury and the Endurance of Guilty Pleas. 1969 4. Inequality Past and Present. 1970 II. The Dream. 1972 A. Out of the Backwater. 1973 B. Between Reality... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Benjamin Zinkel |
APARTHEID AND JIM CROW: DRAWING LESSONS FROM SOUTH AFRICA'S TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION |
2019 Journal of Dispute Resolution 229 (Fall, 2019) |
South Africa and the United States are separated geographically, ethnically, and culturally. On the surface, these two nations appear very different. Both nations are separated by nearly 9,000 miles, South Africa is a new democracy, while the United States was established over two hundred years ago, the two nations have very different climates, and... |
2019 |
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| V. Noah Gimbel , Craig Muhammad |
ARE POLICE OBSOLETE? BREAKING CYCLES OF VIOLENCE THROUGH ABOLITION DEMOCRACY |
40 Cardozo Law Review 1453 (April, 2019) |
On February 5, 2018, Baltimore activists organized a successful cease-fire weekend, during which no one was killed--and the cops were not to thank. Indeed, as community anti-violence organizers worked to cool hot feuds in order to prove that endless violence was not their destiny, the Baltimore Police Department was sinking ever-deeper into... |
2019 |
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| Alec C. Ewald |
BARBERS, CAREGIVERS, AND THE "DISCIPLINARY SUBJECT": OCCUPATIONAL LICENSURE FOR PEOPLE WITH CRIMINAL JUSTICE BACKGROUNDS IN THE UNITED STATES |
46 Fordham Urban Law Journal 719 (June, 2019) |
It is commonly assumed that people with criminal backgrounds are ineligible for licensed employment in the United States. This study, based on more than one hundred interviews with occupational-certification officials in states across the country, demonstrates that people with conviction histories seeking professional credentials confront an... |
2019 |
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| Anthony V. Alfieri |
BLACK, POOR, AND GONE: CIVIL RIGHTS LAW'S INNER-CITY CRISIS |
54 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 629 (Summer, 2019) |
In recent years, academics committed to a new law and sociology of poverty and inequality have sounded a call to revisit the inner city as a site of cultural and socio-legal research. Both advocates in anti-poverty and civil rights organizations, and scholars in law school clinical and university social policy programs, have echoed this call.... |
2019 |
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| Martin Guevara Urbina , Ilse Aglaé Peña |
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, LATINOS, AND THE UNITED STATES LEGAL SYSTEM: DOING JUSTICE OR AN ILLUSION OF JUSTICE, LEGITIMATED OPPRESSION, AND REINFORCEMENT OF STRUCTURAL HIERARCHIES |
66 UCLA Law Review 1762 (December, 2019) |
As the twenty-first century progresses, the influence of race, ethnicity, gender, and class in crime and punishment continues to be a pressing and polemic issue. With various antisocial control movements taking place, particularly in response to the Trump administration, the nature of crime and punishment is once again being redefined nationally... |
2019 |
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| Deborah L. Rhode |
CHARACTER IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCEEDINGS: RETHINKING ITS ROLE IN RULES GOVERNING EVIDENCE, PUNISHMENT, PROSECUTORS, AND PAROLE |
45 American Journal of Criminal Law 353 (Spring, 2019) |
This article focuses on how flawed judgments about character contribute to fundamental problems in the American criminal justice system. The discussion begins by exploring how prohibitions on the use of character evidence to prove misconduct are riddled with limitations that undermine the purpose of the prohibition. Discussion then turns to the way... |
2019 |
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| Kate Sablosky Elengold |
CONSUMER REMEDIES FOR CIVIL RIGHTS |
99 Boston University Law Review 587 (March, 2019) |
This Article considers whether the consumer protection doctrine offers a more promising avenue to remedying certain forms of discrimination than the antidiscrimination doctrine. Using a housing discrimination story as a case study, this Article breaks down the doctrinal trade-offs between seeking redress through a consumer protection claim and an... |
2019 |
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| Hadar Dancig-Rosenberg , Noa Yosef |
CRIME VICTIMHOOD AND INTERSECTIONALITY |
47 Fordham Urban Law Journal 85 (December, 2019) |
The world breaks every one and afterward many are strong in the broken places. This Essay offers a thought experiment designed to challenge existing perceptions of crime victimhood by replacing prevalent social narratives with alternative ones in an effort to break the stereotypes that shape victimhood and, instead, to empower the victim. Using... |
2019 |
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| Alex Kornya, Danica Rodarmel, Brian Highsmith, Mel Gonzalez, Ted Mermin |
CRIMSUMERISM: COMBATING CONSUMER ABUSES IN THE CRIMINAL LEGAL SYSTEM |
54 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 107 (Winter, 2019) |
Increasingly, Americans who have contact with the criminal legal system find themselves deprived not just of their liberty but also of their property. In recent years, advocates have shed light on the court-imposed fines and fees levied on low-income individuals who have contact with the criminal legal system. But less attention has been paid to... |
2019 |
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| Mirko Bagaric , Daniel McCord |
DECARCERATING AMERICA: THE OPPORTUNISTIC OVERLAP BETWEEN THEORY AND (MAINLY STATE) SENTENCING PRACTICE AS A PATHWAY TO MEANINGFUL REFORM |
67 Buffalo Law Review 227 (April, 2019) |
Criminals engender no community sympathy and have no political capital. This is part of the reason that the United States has the highest prison population on earth, and by a considerable margin. Incarceration levels grew four-fold over the past forty years. Despite this, America is now experiencing an unprecedented phenomenon whereby many states... |
2019 |
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| Runa Rajagopal |
DIARY OF A CIVIL PUBLIC DEFENDER: CRITICAL LESSONS FOR ACHIEVING TRANSFORMATIVE CHANGE ON BEHALF OF COMMUNITIES |
46 Fordham Urban Law Journal 876 (June, 2019) |
Introduction. 876 I. Lesson 1: Myth Versus Reality--Crime Is Not What You Think It Is. 881 A. Criminality and the War on Drugs. 885 B. Bias by Police, Prosecutors, and Judges in the Criminal Court Process. 887 II. Lesson 2: Poverty Is a Pipeline to Systems Involvement. 890 III. Lesson 3: No Civil Consequence Is Collateral. 893 IV. Lesson 4: We... |
2019 |
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| Dorothy E. Roberts |
DIGITIZING THE CARCERAL STATE: AUTOMATING INEQUALITY: HOW HIGH-TECH TOOLS PROFILE, POLICE, AND PUNISH THE POOR. BY VIRGINIA EUBANKS. NEW YORK, N.Y.: ST. MARTIN'S PRESS. 2018. PP. 260. $26.99 |
132 Harvard Law Review 1695 (April, 2019) |
Many life-changing interactions between individuals and state agents in the United States today are determined by a computer-generated score. Government agencies at the local, state, and federal levels increasingly make automated decisions based on vast collections of digitized information about individuals and mathematical algorithms that both... |
2019 |
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| Etienne C. Toussaint |
DISMANTLING THE MASTER'S HOUSE: TOWARD A JUSTICE-BASED THEORY OF COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT |
53 University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 337 (Winter 2019) |
Since the end of the American Civil War, scholars have debated the efficacy of various models of community economic development, or CED. Historically, this debate has tracked one of two approaches: place-based models of CED, seeking to stimulate community development through market-driven economic growth programs, and people-based models of CED,... |
2019 |
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| Molly Danahy , Danielle Lang |
DISTORTION IN THE CENSUS: AMERICA'S OLDEST GERRYMANDER? |
49 University of Memphis Law Review 1065 (Summer, 2019) |
I. Introduction. 1065 II. The Census Count Is a Voting Rights Issue. 1067 A. Voting as Aggregation. 1068 B. Voting as Governance. 1070 III. The Systemic Differential Undercount. 1071 IV. Census 2020: A Failure to Mitigate. 1073 V. Census 2020: The Citizenship Question. 1074 VI. Prison Gerrymandering: Mass Incarceration and Equality of... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Jonathan Simon |
EXPLICIT BIAS: WHY CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM REQUIRES US TO CHALLENGE CRIME CONTROL STRATEGIES THAT ARE ANYTHING BUT RACE BLIND |
54 Tulsa Law Review 331 (Winter, 2019) |
Elizabeth Hinton, From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America (Harvard University Press 2017). Pp.464. Paperback $18.95. Nicole Gonzalez Van Cleve, Crook County: Racism and Injustice in America's Largest Criminal Court (Stanford University Press 2016). Pp. 272. Hardcover $16.95. These books rely upon... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Chaz Arnett |
FROM DECARCERATION TO E-CARCERATION |
41 Cardozo Law Review 641 (December, 2019) |
Each year, millions of Americans experience criminal justice surveillance through electronic ankle monitors. These devices have fundamentally altered our understanding of incarceration, punishment, and the extent of the carceral state, as they are increasingly offered as moderate penal sanctions and viable solutions to the problem of mass... |
2019 |
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| Ken Strutin |
FROM POVERTY TO PERSONHOOD: GIDEON UNCHAINED |
45 Mitchell Hamline Law Review 266 (2019) |
I. Introduction. 267 II. Poverties of Confinement. 272 A. Poverty's Reach into Prison. 273 B. Constitutional and Legislative Concerns For Indigent Prisoners. 277 C. Poor Access to Technology Limits Pro Se Lawyering. 282 III. Mass Incarceration. 285 IV. How to Build a Lawyer?. 292 V. Shaping the Law Without Counsel. 295 A. Ross. v. Moffitt. 296 B.... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Inga N. Laurent |
FROM RETRIBUTION TO RESTORATION: IMPLEMENTING NATIONWIDE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE INITIATIVES--LESSONS FROM JAMAICA |
42 Fordham International Law Journal 1095 (April, 2019) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 1096 A. The Construct of Crime. 1099 II. UNDERSTANDING RESTORATIVE JUSTICE. 1102 A. Addressing Needs. 1106 1. The Needs of the Victim. 1106 2. The Needs of the Offender. 1111 3. The Needs of the Community. 1116 B. A Relational Theory and Approach. 1119 C. Operationalizing Need and Relational Theories in Restorative Initiatives.... |
2019 |
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| Gerald P. López |
GROWING UP IN AUTHORITARIAN 1950S EAST LA |
66 UCLA Law Review 1532 (December, 2019) |
By the 1950s, the criminal justice system had long combined with other systems, institutions, and individuals to target all the residents of East LA-- particularly Mexicans--as criminals. In equating Mexicans with criminality, these networked forces and actors regarded and treated these residents as exceptions--as morally requiring and legally... |
2019 |
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| I. India Thusi |
HARM, SEX, AND CONSEQUENCES |
2019 Utah Law Review 159 (2019) |
At a moment in history when this country incarcerates far too many people, criminal legal theory should set forth a framework for reexamining the current logic of the criminal legal system. This Article is the first to argue that distributive consequentialism, which centers the experiences of directly impacted communities, can address the harms... |
2019 |
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| Andrew D. Leipold |
IS MASS INCARCERATION INEVITABLE? |
56 American Criminal Law Review 1579 (Fall, 2019) |
The claim that American justice system engages in mass incarceration is now a cliché, albeit one that seems entirely justified by both the number and rate of people who are behind bars. As a result, a large number of states and the federal government have engaged in wide-ranging reform efforts to shorten sentences, divert people from prison, and... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Carol S. Steiker |
KEEPING HOPE ALIVE: CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM DURING CYCLES OF POLITICAL RETRENCHMENT |
71 Florida Law Review 1363 (November, 2019) |
For the past decade or so, criminal justice reform in the United States has been having a moment. After decades of massive increases in incarceration rates around the country, advocates for serious rethinking of harsh criminal justice policies have begun to find more receptive audiences at the local, state, and federal levels. However, the 2016... |
2019 |
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| Wadie E. Said |
LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE AMERICAN SECURITY STATE |
2019 Wisconsin Law Review 819 (2019) |
This Article documents the evolution of the modern American police state and the symbiotic nature of the relationship between government actors across the three sectors of national security, domestic policing, and immigration enforcement. Policies from one area make their way into the other two, with the net result being that the powers of... |
2019 |
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| William Y. Chin |
LEGAL INEQUALITY: LAW, THE LEGAL SYSTEM, AND THE LESSONS OF THE BLACK EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA |
16 Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal 109 (Summer, 2019) |
The struggles of African Americans against oppressive law help discern the nature of law. Torture, assassinations, and other controversies in America's war on terror are merely more recent manifestations of prior law-sanctioned atrocities committed against Blacks in their struggle for equality. In the struggle, African Americans contended with a... |
2019 |
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| Mihailis E. Diamantis |
LIMITING IDENTITY IN CRIMINAL LAW |
60 Boston College Law Review 2011 (October, 2019) |
Introduction. 2013 I. The Philosophy and Psychology of Diachronic Criminal Identity. 2021 A. The Philosophy. 2022 B. The Psychology. 2032 C. As Adapted to Criminal Law. 2037 1. An Account Limited to Criminal Law. 2038 2. Criminal Disposition as Criminal Identity. 2042 3. One Important Criminal Policy Objection. 2047 II. Statutes of Limitations as... |
2019 |
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| Amanda J. Wong |
LOCKED UP, THEN LOCKED OUT: THE CASE FOR LEGISLATIVE--RATHER THAN EXECUTIVE--FELON DISENFRANCHISEMENT REFORM |
104 Cornell Law Review 1679 (September, 2019) |
A cohesive anti-felon disenfranchisement perspective has gained traction over the last two decades in America. Scholars have harshly criticized disenfranchisement provisions for their insulation and perpetuation of nonwhite marginalization à la Jim Crow. Other critics have also decried felon disenfranchisement for barring prior felons from full... |
2019 |
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| Helen E. White |
MAKING BLACK LIVES MATTER: PROPERLY VALUING THE RIGHTS OF THE MARGINALIZED IN CONSTITUTIONAL TORTS |
128 Yale Law Journal 1742 (April, 2019) |
Black lives are systematically undervalued by constitutional enforcement remedies. Section 1983 adopts, wholesale, the damages scheme from torts, which not only permits, but encourages, the consideration of race and gender to calculate actuarially accurate damages figures. Given that Blacks earn seventy-five percent of what white men earn on... |
2019 |
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| Mugambi Jouet |
MASS INCARCERATION PARADIGM SHIFT?: CONVERGENCE IN AN AGE OF DIVERGENCE |
109 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 703 (Fall, 2019) |
The peculiar harshness of modern American justice has led to a vigorous scholarly debate about the roots of mass incarceration and its divergence from humanitarian sentencing norms prevalent in other Western democracies. Even though the United States reached virtually world-record imprisonment levels between 1983 and 2010, the Supreme Court never... |
2019 |
Yes |
| James Gray Pope |
MASS INCARCERATION, CONVICT LEASING, AND THE THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT: A REVISIONIST ACCOUNT |
94 New York University Law Review 1465 (December, 2019) |
Judging from present-day legal and popular discourse, one might think that the Punishment Clause of the Thirteenth Amendment has always had one single, clear meaning: that a criminal conviction strips the offender of protection against slavery or involuntary servitude. Upon examination, however, it appears that the Amendment's Republican framers... |
2019 |
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| Benjamin Levin |
MENS REA REFORM AND ITS DISCONTENTS |
109 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 491 (Summer, 2019) |
This Article examines the contentious debates over recent proposals for mens rea reform. The substantive criminal law has expanded dramatically, and legislators have criminalized a great deal of conduct that is quite common. Often, new criminal laws do not require that defendants know they are acting unlawfully. Mens rea reform proposals seek to... |
2019 |
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| Susan R. Klein |
MOVEMENTS IN THE DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY OF FEDERAL DISTRICT COURT JUDGES OVER THE LAST 50 YEARS |
50 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 933 (Summer, 2019) |
Introduction. 933 I. Federal Judicial Impartiality in the Tumultuous 1960s Versus the New Age of Courtwatchers and Other Modern-Day Protestors. 935 II. Federal Judges Lose Criminal Justice Authority to Federal Prosecutors in the 1980s. 954 III. Federal District Court Judges and Current Nationwide Injunctions Against the Federal Government. 960... |
2019 |
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| Deborah M. Ahrens , Andrew M. Siegel |
OF DRESS AND REDRESS: STUDENT DRESS RESTRICTIONS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND CULTURE |
54 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 49 (Winter, 2019) |
Over the last twenty years, a substantial and increasing percentage of public school students have been required to wear school uniforms or adhere to strict dress codes. They have done so in a cultural and legal landscape that assumes such restrictions pose few--if any--constitutional problems. As this Article argues, however, this landscape is... |
2019 |
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| Mirko Bagaric , Julie Clarke , William Rininger |
PLEA BARGAINING: FROM PATENT UNFAIRNESS TO TRANSPARENT JUSTICE |
84 Missouri Law Review 1 (Winter, 2019) |
The United States is in the midst of an unprecedented mass incarceration crisis. It imprisons more of its citizens than any other country - and by a considerable margin. It is now widely acknowledged that there is no community dividend stemming from an overly punitive sentencing system. Over-incarceration does not make the community safer and... |
2019 |
Yes |
| David Alan Sklansky |
POPULISM, PLURALISM, AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE |
107 California Law Review 2009 (December, 2019) |
The story that James Forman Jr. tells in his superb book, Locking Up Our Own, is local and nuanced. Forman explains that mass incarceration resulted from many small decisions made in many different places. Although all of those decisions were shaped by the legacies of racism and racial oppression, Forman shows that mass incarceration was not only a... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Ekow N. Yankah |
PRETEXT AND JUSTIFICATION: REPUBLICANISM, POLICING, AND RACE |
40 Cardozo Law Review 1543 (April, 2019) |
On April 4, 2015, Police Officer Michael Slager gunned down Walter Scott in North Charleston, South Carolina with a cool that resembled target practice. Scott's name joined a heartbreaking list of men of color killed by unjustified police violence. The video of the incident also broadcast to the world the spectacular violence always lurking beneath... |
2019 |
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| K. Babe Howell |
PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT: MASS GANG INDICTMENTS AND INFLAMMATORY STATEMENTS |
123 Dickinson Law Review 691 (Spring, 2019) |
This Article examines inflammatory statements by prosecutors in the context of mass gang indictments. I contend that inflammatory remarks not only harm the justice system and defendants, particularly minorities, but also that, when prosecutors craft and repeat hyperbolic narratives about vicious gang wars, prosecutors may come to believe the... |
2019 |
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| Naomi Murakawa |
RACIAL INNOCENCE: LAW, SOCIAL SCIENCE, AND THE UNKNOWING OF RACISM IN THE US CARCERAL STATE |
15 Annual Review of Law and Social Science 473 (2019) |
racism, antidiscrimination law, colorblindness, criminal justice reform, racial liberalism, abolition Racial innocence is the practice of securing blamelessness for the death-dealing realities of racial capitalism. This article reviews the legal, social scientific, and reformist mechanisms that maintain the racial innocence of one particular site:... |
2019 |
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| Nathaniel W. Reisinger |
REDRAWING THE LINE: RETROACTIVE SENTENCE REDUCTIONS, MASS INCARCERATION, AND THE BATTLE BETWEEN JUSTICE AND FINALITY |
54 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 299 (Winter, 2019) |
In Dorsey v. United States, the Supreme Court made clear that Congress possesses sole responsibility for drawing the line between justice and finality in sentencing. That is, when Congress passes a law reducing sentences, it must also choose whether to apply those reductions retroactively or to accept the sentence disparities between preand... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Natsu Taylor Saito |
REDRESSING FOUNDATIONAL WRONGS |
51 University of Toledo Law Review 13 (Fall, 2019) |
From this cell of history this mute grave, we birth our rage. We heal our tongues .. We hear the bigness of our sounds freed like many clapping hands, thundering for reparations. Janice Mirikitani, Shedding Silence REDRESS for large-scale violations of human rights is generally intended to acknowledge historical wrongs, provide compensation to... |
2019 |
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| Rafi Reznik |
RETRIBUTIVE ABOLITIONISM |
24 Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law 123 (Fall, 2019) |
The rejuvenated movement for prison abolition has been experimenting with various conceptions of criminal justice, but one option that has yet to receive serious consideration is retribution. This article makes a threefold case for retributive abolitionism: descriptive, normative, and prescriptive. First, critically engaging with both scholarly and... |
2019 |
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| Darin E.W. Johnson |
RUSSIAN ELECTION INTERFERENCE AND RACE-BAITING |
9 Columbia Journal of Race and Law 191 (2019) |
Russian interference in the 2016 United States presidential election exposed the nation's vulnerability to targeted campaign disruption by foreign intelligence actors through social media. The Russian cyber disinformation campaign exploited racial divisions in the United States to undermine public confidence in American electoral processes and... |
2019 |
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| Emma Kaufman |
SEGREGATION BY CITIZENSHIP |
132 Harvard Law Review 1379 (March, 2019) |
C1-2CONTENTS Introduction. 1380 I. The Rise of the All-Foreign Prison. 1387 A. 1850-1980: Building a Bureaucracy. 1388 B. 1980-1999: Turf Battles. 1394 C. 1999-2018: Segregated Prisons. 1401 II. The Consequences of Segregation. 1408 A. Conditions of Confinement. 1409 B. Two-Track Criminal Justice. 1412 C. Ethnic Segregation Reinvented. 1414 III.... |
2019 |
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| Neveen Hammad |
SHACKLED TO ECONOMIC APPEAL: HOW PRISON LABOR FACILITATES MODERN SLAVERY WHILE PERPETUATING POVERTY IN BLACK COMMUNITIES |
26 Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law 65 (Summer, 2019) |
Introduction. 66 I. The Black Codes. 67 II. Convict Leasing. 68 III. Chain Gangs. 70 IV. Mass Incarceration. 71 V. Modern Prison Labor. 76 VI. The Prison-Industrial Complex. 78 VII. Arguments Surrounding Prison Labor. 81 A. Building Work Skills but Nowhere to Work: California's Inmate-Firefighters. 82 B. Poor Workplace Conditions: The Poultry... |
2019 |
Yes |
| Carrie Leonetti |
SPEAKING OF PROSECUTORS: DECEPTIVELY DESCRIPTIVE ON THE SURFACE WITH A HEAVY NORMATIVE UNDERTOW |
16 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 453 (Spring, 2019) |
Prosecutors and Democracy: A Cross-National Study (Cambridge University Press 2017) The American mass incarceration crisis and the collateral consequences that flow from it are long standing and well documented, but the United States has only lately begun grappling with its international leadership in political penal punitiveness. Going to back to... |
2019 |
Yes |