| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year |
| Jacob Krysiak |
Improving Microfinance Through International Agreements and Tailoring the System to Assist Indigenous Populations |
41 American Indian Law Review 409 (2017) |
The rise of the microfinance system and microfinance institutions (MFIs) has gained great notoriety throughout the world as a means to provide a more tailored solution to assisting the world's poor, many of which belong to indigenous populations. As these institutions began to create strong foundations and develop a portfolio of financial... |
2017 |
| Shanna Knight , Victoria Sweet , David Simmons |
Improving Outcomes in Indian Child Welfare Cases: Strategies for State-tribe Collaboration |
36 No.1 Child Law Practice 16 (January, 2017) |
When a child is removed from his or her home based on suspected abuse or neglect, the court steps in to make critical legal decisions affecting that child's and family's life. These decisions about a child's safety and permanency--usually the responsibility of parents--are also the honor and responsibility of extended family members, community... |
2017 |
| Rebekah Joab |
Incarcerating Native American Youth in Federal Bureau of Prisons Facilities: the Problem with Federal Jurisdiction over Native Youth under the Major Crimes Act |
9 Georgetown Journal of Law & Modern Critical Race Perspectives 155 (Fall, 2017) |
Within the context of the United States system of incarceration, there is a growing consensus upon which both sides of the political spectrum can agree: there are far too many people in American prisons. It is well known that minority populations are overrepresented within the criminal justice system. Many scholars trace the current state of... |
2017 |
| Matthew L.M. Fletcher, Wenona T. Singel |
Indian Children and the Federal-tribal Trust Relationship |
95 Nebraska Law Review 885 (2017) |
C1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction. 886 II. Indian Children and the Founding Generation. 892 A. The Treaty and International Law Basis of the Federal-Tribal Trust Relationship. 893 B. Federal Military and Diplomatic Actions. 895 1. Colonial Era. 896 2. Revolutionary War. 899 3. Post-Revolutionary War Era. 901 4. The Northwest Indian War. 903 5.... |
2017 |
| Matthew L.M. Fletcher, Wenona T. Singel |
INDIAN CHILDREN AND THE FEDERAL-TRIBAL TRUST RELATIONSHIP |
95 Nebraska Law Review 885 (2017) |
C1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction. 886 II. Indian Children and the Founding Generation. 892 A. The Treaty and International Law Basis of the Federal-Tribal Trust Relationship. 893 B. Federal Military and Diplomatic Actions. 895 1. Colonial Era. 896 2. Revolutionary War. 899 3. Post-Revolutionary War Era. 901 4. The Northwest Indian War. 903 5.... |
2017 |
| Lauren Adornetto |
Indian Country Complexities and the Ambiguous State of Marijuana Policy in the United States |
65 Buffalo Law Review 329 (April, 2017) |
In March of 2016, U.S. Senator for New York Kirsten Gillibrand and U.S. Senator for New Jersey Cory Booker took to the realm of internet social media to share several videos that vigorously advocated for the need to expand research into the medical effects of marijuana. The social media news outlet, ATTN:, produced and shared a video featuring the... |
2017 |
| Hon. Michael J. Newman |
Indian Law, Success of the Fba's National Civics Initiative, and Hawaii |
64-APR Federal Lawyer Law. 3 (April, 2017) |
This month's issue of The Federal Lawyer celebrates Indian Law and coincides with our annual Indian Law Conference--held this April at the Talking Stick Resort in Scottsdale, Ariz. The FBA is rightfully proud of the fact that our annual Indian Law Conference is the most well-attended Indian Law seminar in the United States, and has been so for many... |
2017 |
| Joseph William Singer |
Indian Title: Unraveling the Racial Context of Property Rights, or How to Stop Engaging in Conquest |
10 Albany Government Law Review Rev. 1 (2017) |
It has never been contended, that the Indian title amounted to nothing. Their right of possession has never been questioned. The claim of government extends to the complete ultimate title, charged with this right of possession, and to the exclusive power of acquiring that right. Johnson v. M'Intosh (1823) [The Indian] right of occupancy is... |
2017 |
| Michael C. Blumm |
Indian Treaty Fishing Rights and the Environment: Affirming the Right to Habitat Protection and Restoration |
92 Washington Law Review Rev. 1 (March, 2017) |
In 1970, several tribes in the Pacific Northwest, along with their federal trustee, sued the state of Washington claiming that numerous state actions violated their treaty rights, which assured them the right of taking fish in common with white settlers. The tribes and their federal trustee maintained that the treaties of the 1850s... |
2017 |
| Alex Tallchief Skibine |
Indians, Race, and Criminal Jurisdiction in Indian Country |
10 Albany Government Law Review 49 (2017) |
Which Sovereign, among the Federal, States, and Indian nations, has criminal jurisdiction in Indian Country depends on whether the alleged perpetrator and/or the victim qualify as an Indian for the purposes of certain federal laws. Criminal jurisdiction in Indian Country is mostly determined by four federal laws, none of which have a specific... |
2017 |
| Walter H. Mengden IV |
Indigenous People, Human Rights, and Consultation: the Dakota Access Pipeline |
41 American Indian Law Review 441 (2017) |
This Comment looks at the history of government-to-government relations between Native Americans and the United States. Using the Dakota Access Pipeline as a lens, this Comment proposes a step forward in advancing self-determination among Native Americans. Protecting Native American lands, the environment, and cultural history has been at the... |
2017 |
| Carla F. Fredericks , Rebecca Adamson , Nick Pelosi , Jesse Heibel |
Indigenous Rights of Standing Rock |
43 Human Rights Rts. 2 (2017) |
The controversy surrounding the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is ubiquitous-- galvanizing indigenous communities and allies across the globe to stand with Standing Rock. One positive outcome has been a historic, revitalized movement to protect indigenous and human rights in the face of ever-expanding exploitation in the fossil fuel industry.... |
2017 |
| Dr. Waseem Ahmad Qureshi |
Indus Waters Treaty: an Impediment to the Indian Hydro-hegemony |
46 Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 45 (Fall, 2017) |
Water is the most exquisite commodity, and its utility in the sectors of economy, food, and power production is exceptional. To capture this resource more effectively, powerful nations are racing to raise water management infrastructure in order to seize the reins of regional political supremacy by establishing hydro-hegemony. Within this context,... |
2017 |
| Chris Wold |
Integrating Indigenous Rights into Multilateral Environmental Agreements: the International Whaling Commission and Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling |
40 Boston College International and Comparative Law Review 63 (2017) |
Although the international community has addressed whether environmental harm violates human rights norms, only recently has it asked whether international organizations must implement those norms. That changed when Greenland posited that the International Whaling Commission (IWC) has a duty to implement aboriginal subsistence whaling... |
2017 |
| Dalindyebo Bafana Shabalala |
Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge, and Traditional Cultural Expressions in Native American Tribal Codes |
51 Akron Law Review 1125 (2017) |
Abstract. 1126 I. Introduction. 1126 II. What is Native American Intellectual Property and Why Does it Need Protection?. 1128 III. How Have Native American Tribes Legislated on Intellectual and Cultural Property?. 1135 A. Code Formation. 1138 B. Survey Methodology. 1139 C. Analysis. 1140 IV. What is the Scope of Current Federal Law Protecting... |
2017 |
| Ravi Soopramanien |
International Trade in Indigenous Cultural Heritage: What Protection Does International Law Provide for Indigenous Cultural Goods and Services in International Commerce? |
53 Stanford Journal of International Law 225 (Spring, 2017) |
International law recognizes the property rights of indigenous peoples to their cultural heritage. Specifically, human rights treaties, customary international law, and humanitarian law have all developed to require host countries to safeguard the property rights of indigenous and tribunal peoples to their cultural heritage, human remains, and, to... |
2017 |
| Kevin J. Fandl, Nitisha Jain |
Investment in the Indian Real Estate Market |
46 Real Estate Law Journal 32 (Summer, 2017) |
Real estate cannot be lost or stolen, nor can it be carried away. Purchased with common sense, paid for in full, and managed with reasonable care, it is about the safest investment in the world. - Franklin D. Roosevelt The real estate sector is the backbone of the Indian economy, as it largely contributes to its growth. Despite the turmoil that... |
2017 |
| John Dossett |
Justice Gorsuch and Federal Indian Law |
43 Human Rights Rts. 6 (2017) |
On April 7, 2017, the Senate voted to confirm Justice Neil Gorsuch to fill the vacancy on the U.S. Supreme Court created by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia. Justice Gorsuch has served on the Tenth Circuit since 2006, and his judicial record received significant media attention during the Senate confirmation hearings. Although it was a... |
2017 |
| |
Key Indian Child Welfare Resources |
36 No.1 Child Law Practice 21 (January, 2017) |
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2017 |
| Troy J.H. Andrade |
Legacy in Paradise: Analyzing the Obama Administration's Efforts of Reconciliation with Native Hawaiians |
22 Michigan Journal of Race and Law 273 (Spring, 2017) |
This Article analyzes President Barack Obama's legacy for an indigenous people--nearly 125 years in the making--and how that legacy is now in considerable jeopardy with the election of Donald J. Trump. This Article is the first to specifically critique the hallmark of Obama's reconciliatory legacy for Native Hawaiians: an administrative rule that... |
2017 |
| Eli Keene |
LESSONS FROM RELOCATIONS PAST: CLIMATE CHANGE, TRIBES, AND THE NEED FOR PRAGMATISM IN COMMUNITY RELOCATION PLANNING |
42 American Indian Law Review 259 (2017) |
The first American communities that will be forced to adapt to the new era of rapid global climatic change are some of the continent's oldest. Up and down the coasts of the mainland United States and Alaska, American Indian and Alaska Native tribes are already confronting accelerating erosion and increased coastal flooding. Scientists generally... |
2017 |
| Edward D. Melillo |
Make No Bones about It: the Need to Reform the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act |
30 Quinnipiac Probate Law Journal 149 (2017) |
It is most unpleasant work to steal bones from a grave, but . someone has to do it .. --Franz Boas, father of American Anthropology Pemina Yellow Bird is a member of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nations of North Dakota. One day in 1984, a security guard escorted her to a vault where she met the state archaeologist. The security guard unlocked... |
2017 |
| Katherine Florey |
MAKING IT WORK: TRIBAL INNOVATION, STATE REACTION, AND THE FUTURE OF TRIBES AS REGULATORY LABORATORIES |
92 Washington Law Review 713 (June, 2017) |
Abstract: This Article examines a growing phenomenon: even as the Supreme Court has steadily contracted the scope of tribes' regulatory authority, many tribes have in recent years passed innovative laws and ordinances, often extending well beyond any comparable initiatives at the state or local level. Recently, for example, the Navajo Nation passed... |
2017 |
| Kirsten Matoy Carlson |
Making Strategic Choices: How and Why Indian Groups Advocated for Federal Recognition from 1977 to 2012 |
51 Law and Society Review 930 (December, 2017) |
How and why do groups employ law strategically in different venues? This article combines theoretical and methodological insights from sociolegal and interest-group studies to investigate how and why nonfederally recognized Indian groups used administrative and legislative strategies for federal recognition from 1977 to 2012. By detailing the... |
2017 |
| Beatrice I. Bonafé, Sapienza University of Rome |
Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean (Somalia V. Kenya). Preliminary Objections. At International Court of Justice, February 2, 2017 |
111 American Journal of International Law 725 (July, 2017) |
On February 2, 2017, the International Court of Justice (ICJ or Court) delivered a judgment rejecting preliminary objections to its jurisdiction in Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean. The underlying contentious case between Somalia and Kenya concerns the establishment of a single maritime boundary between the two states. The decision on... |
2017 |
| Lauren Manning |
Mining for Compromise in Pastoral Greenland: Promise, Progress, and Problems in International Laws' Response to Indigenous People |
32 American University International Law Review 931 (2017) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 932 II. A REGION DEFINED BY HISTORY, POLITICS, AND NATURAL RESOURCES. 934 A. A CULTURE TORN AT THE CROSSROADS. 936 B. PRACTICAL CHALLENGES TO MINING IN THE ARCTIC. 939 III. INTERNATIONAL LAW & EXTRACTIVE MINING. 941 A. THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS. 942 B. THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL,... |
2017 |
| Amy Ralph Mudge, Randal Shaheen |
Native Advertising, Influencers and Endorsements: Where Is the Line Between Integrated Content and Deceptively Formatted Advertising? |
21 No.5 Journal of Internet Law L. 1 (November, 2017) |
If you have read an article or seen a video online in the last five years, then you likely have encountered native advertising. Also known as content marketing or branded content, native advertising looks like a news story, feature article, product review, entertainment, or other kind of editorial content, but a brand marketer may have... |
2017 |
| Amy Ralph Mudge |
Native Advertising, Influencers, and Endorsements: Where Is the Line Between Integrated Content and Deceptively Formatted Advertising? |
31-SUM Antitrust 80 (Summer, 2017) |
IF YOU HAVE READ A MAGAZINE OR SEEN a video online in the last five years, then you have likely encountered native advertising. Also known as content marketing or branded content, native advertising looks like a news story, feature article, product review, entertainment, or other kind of editorial content, but a brand marketer may have... |
2017 |
| Fred L. Borch, Regimental Historian & Archivist |
Native Americans in the Corps: a Very Short History of Judge Advocates with American Indian Ancestry |
2017-APR Army Lawyer Law. 1 (April, 2017) |
While Native Americans have been a part of Army history since the Revolutionary War, the Corps has almost no information about Judge Advocates with American Indian ancestry. This very short history seeks to change that situation by identifying three Army lawyers with Indian tribal affiliation. Brigadier General (retired) Thomas S. Tom Walker,... |
2017 |
| Navid Khazanei |
Native Fragility: the Precarity of Permanent Resident Aliens in Federal Public Employment |
45 Southern University Law Review 162 (Fall, 2017) |
As secular Iranians, my parents were victims of various forms of discrimination in Iran's public sector for disobeying the theocratic state. My father, an ophthalmologist, despite having top credentials, was denied promotions at his public hospital, because he did not want to adhere to the code of conduct expected by the theocratic state such as... |
2017 |
| Angela R. Riley |
Native Nations and the Constitution: an Inquiry into "Extra-constitutionality" |
130 Harvard Law Review Forum 173 (April, 2017) |
Federal Indian law is oftentimes characterized as a niche and discrete area of law, but this depiction really misstates the breadth and relevance of the field. Federal Indian law is a horizontal subject: virtually every area of law in the American canon has an Indian law component: taxation, water rights, civil and criminal jurisdiction, labor... |
2017 |
| Addie C. Rolnick |
Native Youth & Juvenile Injustice in South Dakota |
62 South Dakota Law Review 705 (2017) |
Three themes are critically important to understanding the experience of Native youth in the juvenile justice system: racism, jurisdiction, and tribal sovereignty. Racial disparities are a widely acknowledged problem in juvenile justice. While public conversation most often focuses on the over-representation and over-incarceration of African... |
2017 |
| Kirke Kickingbird |
New Horizons in Indian Country |
43 Human Rights Rts. 1 (2017) |
The spring 2017 meeting of the Section of Civil Rights and Social Justice was held in St. Louis in late April. It was a joint meeting with the Section of State and Local Government, the Public Contract Law Section, and the Forum on Affordable Housing. St. Louis has always been a unique site at the conjunction of the Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri... |
2017 |
| Alec Martinez |
Norton V. Ute Indian Tribe: Seeking Concrete Delineations in the Tribal Exhaustion Doctrine |
95 Denver Law Review Online 13 (2017) |
While American Indian tribes are ever-seeking to promote their own self-governance and right to territorial management within reservation borders, tribal judicial systems have been traditionally limited in their ability to assert civil jurisdiction over nonmembers within reservations. The Ute Tribe's desire for control within its reservation led to... |
2017 |
| Riley Plumer |
Overriding Tribal Sovereignty by Applying the National Labor Relations Act to Indian Tribes in Soaring Eagle Casino and Resort V. National Labor Relations Board |
35 Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice 131 (Winter, 2017) |
On July 1, 2015, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit decided Soaring Eagle Casino and Resort v. NLRB. The three-judge panel unanimously concluded that the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), a generally applicable federal statute, should not apply to Indian tribes. However, by a 2-1 vote, the court held that the NLRA would... |
2017 |
| Marshal Garbus |
Penobscot Nation V. Mills: First Circuit Dodges the Indian Canon of Construction to Diminish the Water Rights of the Penobscot Nation |
31 Tulane Environmental Law Journal 107 (Winter 2017) |
I. Overview. 107 II. Background. 108 A. The Indian Canon of Construction. 108 B. Alaska Pacific Fisheries v. United States and Interpreting Water Rights. 109 C. Historical Context: The Penobscot Nation and The Maine Indian Claims Settlement Act. 110 1. The Settlement Acts. 110 2. Maine v. Johnson, Delineation of Water Rights, and Sovereignty. 111... |
2017 |
| Erin Yerke |
Personalizing Pollution and Landscape Destruction: How Native American and International Perspectives Should Be Integrated into Federal Environmental Policy |
19 Rutgers Journal of Law & Religion 73 (Fall, 2017) |
Every part of this soil is sacred in the estimation of my people. Every hillside, every valley, every plain and grove, has been hallowed by some sad or happy event in days long vanished. Even the rocks, which seem to be dumb and dead as they swelter in the sun along the silent shore, thrill with memories of stirring events connected with lives of... |
2017 |
| Douglas C. Harris |
Property and Sovereignty: an Indian Reserve and a Canadian City |
50 U.B.C. Law Review 321 (June, 2017) |
Property rights, wrote Morris Cohen in 1927, are not about things, but about relations between the owner and other individuals in reference to things. The law of property constructs a particular set of relationships between people, and, in the case of private property, he continued, its essence is always the right to exclude. This right,... |
2017 |
| Adam Crepelle , Walter E. Block |
Property Rights and Freedom: the Keys to Improving Life in Indian Country |
23 Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice 315 (Spring, 2017) |
American Indians are at the bottom of nearly every indicator of welfare and have been since the founding of the United States. The present paper focuses on but two of the causal agents: lack of private property rights and a dearth of economic freedom. Although addressing these issues will not solve all of Indian country's problems, strengthening... |
2017 |
| Brittany Raia |
Protecting Vulnerable Children in Indian Country: Why and How the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 Should Be Extended to Cover Child Abuse Committed on Indian Reservations |
54 American Criminal Law Review 303 (Winter, 2017) |
When Lenny Hayes thinks about his childhood on the Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate Reservation in South Dakota he does not remember bike rides, bedtime stories, or a safe and loving home. Instead, Hayes remembers the physical, mental, emotional and sexual abuse that he experienced almost daily. Hayes was just six years old when the abuse started. He... |
2017 |
| Richard W. Hughes |
Pueblo Indian Water Rights: Charting the Unknown |
57 Natural Resources Journal 219 (Winter, 2017) |
This article examines the so-far-unsuccessful efforts to judicially define and quantify the water rights appurtenant to the core land holdings of the 19 New Mexico Pueblos, many of whose lands straddle the Rio Grande. It explains that the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals has squarely held that Pueblo water rights are governed by federal, not state... |
2017 |
| Jennifer Safstrom |
Reaction to Failing Native American Prisoners: Rluipa & the Dilution of Strict Scrutiny by Clinton Oxford: Assessing Levels of Scrutiny with Scrutiny |
9 Georgetown Journal of Law & Modern Critical Race Perspectives 221 (Fall, 2017) |
Oxford presents a compelling argument in favor of strict scrutiny in assessing regulations within the penal system that impact the religious beliefs and traditions of Native Americans. Practically, this is a salient issue because of the disproportionally high rates of incarceration for Native Americans. Normatively, it is important to ensure that... |
2017 |
| Christian Garramone |
Reaction To: Incarcerating Native American Youth in Federal Bureau of Prisons Facilities: the Problem with Federal Jurisdiction over Native Youth under the Major Crimes Act |
9 Georgetown Journal of Law & Modern Critical Race Perspectives 173 (Fall, 2017) |
Joab skillfully examines how the United States' criminal justice system serves as its newest tool for oppressing Native American tribes. Joab hopes to bring attention to this oppressive force by drawing parallels between the Native American criminal justice experience and that of black Americans described in The New Jim Crow and rallied against by... |
2017 |
| Sam McMullan |
Recognition, Constitution Building and the Indian Nations of North and Northwest United States 1775-1795: the Importance of Indian Nations to the Framing of the Us Constitution |
10 Albany Government Law Review 318 (2017) |
In the words of the Declaration of Independence, Native American Indian peoples in the eighteenth century were viewed as merciless . Savages, whose known Rule of Warfare, is an undistinguished Destruction of all Ages, Sexes and Conditions. This perception led one visitor to Pennsylvania in the 1780s to comment that [t]he Country taulks of... |
2017 |
| Grace Nosek |
Re-imagining Indigenous Peoples' Role in Natural Resource Development Decision Making: Implementing Free, Prior and Informed Consent in Canada Through Indigenous Legal Traditions |
50 U.B.C. Law Review 95 (February, 2017) |
There is a movement in Canada to ensure Indigenous peoples are fully empowered to participate in natural resource development decision making by requiring the government to obtain the Free, Prior and Informed Consent of Indigenous peoples before approving any development projects affecting their traditional territories. At the same time, there is a... |
2017 |
| Dean B. Suagee |
Renewable Energy Service Companies for Indian Country |
31-WTR Natural Resources & Environment 50 (Winter, 2017) |
This article offers an idea for Indian tribal governments to help pick up the pace of the renewable energy revolution and make sure Indian country is not left behind. The people of Indian country could realize a wide range of benefits through widespread implementation of renewable energy technologies, but there are obstacles. My basic idea is that... |
2017 |
| Kathleen Finn, Erica Gajda, Thomas Perin, Carla Fredericks, American Indian Law Clinic University of Colorado Law School |
Responsible Resource Development and Prevention of Sex Trafficking: Safeguarding Native Women and Children on the Fort Berthold Reservation |
40 Harvard Journal of Law & Gender Gender 1 (Winter, 2017) |
C1-3Table of Contents I. Introduction. 2 II. Sex Trafficking, Native Women, and the Bakken Oil Boom. 4 A. The Intersection of Sex Trafficking and the Extractive Industries on the Fort Berthold Reservation. 7 III. Obstacles to Criminal Enforcement in Indian Country. 10 A. Criminal Jurisdiction in Indian Country. 10 1. The Indian Country Crimes Act.... |
2017 |
| Valerie Lambert, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Rethinking American Indian and Non-indian Relations in the United States and Exploring Tribal Sovereignty: Perspectives from Indian Country and from Inside the Bureau of Indian Affairs |
40 PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 278 (November, 2017) |
This article uses materials from field research conducted at the level of tribal homelands and at the federal level of the Bureau of Indian Affairs to rethink and reconceptualize Indian-non-Indian relations and federal-Indian relations in the United States. I document the ways Chickasaw and Choctaw tribal officials are moving beyond the deadliest... |
2017 |
| Elizabeth Ann Kronk Warner |
Returning to the Tribal Environmental "Laboratory": an Examination of Environmental Enforcement Techniques in Indian Country |
6 Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law 341 (Spring, 2017) |
Governments, including tribes, need to protect one of humankind's most valuable resources: the environment. In addition to environmental regulations, effective enforcement mechanisms are key to successful efforts to protect the environment. While much has been written about the environmental enforcement mechanisms of states and the federal... |
2017 |
| Tiernan Kane |
Right by Precedent, Wrong by Rfra: the "Substantial Burden" Inquiry in Oklevueha Native American Church of Hawaii, Inc. V. Lynch, 828 F.3d 1012 (9th Cir. 2016) |
40 Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 793 (June, 2017) |
Not long ago, the United States Supreme Court reaffirmed that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) is a robust protection of religious freedom. Still, some federal circuits remain devoted to a more restrictive teaching. Recently, in Oklevueha Native American Church of Hawaii, Inc. v. Lynch, the Ninth Circuit held that a church and church... |
2017 |