| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year |
| Robin Perry |
Balancing Rights or Building Rights? Reconciling the Right to Use Customary Systems of Law with Competing Human Rights in Pursuit of Indigenous Sovereignty |
24 Harvard Human Rights Journal 71 (Summer 2011) |
In 2007, after more than 20 years of exhaustive negotiations, drafts and re-drafts between indigenous groups and member states, the United Nations (UN) finally adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Declaration) by an overwhelming majority. The UN thereby recognized the right of indigenous peoples to promote, develop and... |
2011 |
| Zoe E. Niesel |
Better Late than Never? The Effect of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act's 2010 Regulations |
46 Wake Forest Law Review 837 (Fall 2011) |
In 1998, a thirty-year drama came to an end when anthropologists at the University of Nebraska agreed to return the skeletal remains of 1702 Native Americans to a coalition of fifteen modern tribes. For the tribes involved, this repatriation represented the end of a long struggle to assert their right to possession of human skeletal remains with... |
2011 |
| Amanda D. Hettler |
Beyond a Carcieri Fix: the Need for Broader Reform of the Land-into-trust Process of the Indian Reorganizationact of 1934 |
96 Iowa Law Review 1377 (May, 2011) |
In Carcieri v. Salazar, the Supreme Court held that under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 the Secretary of the Interior can take land into trust only for those tribes that were federally recognized prior to 1934. In light of this decision, many tribes and leaders called for a legislative Carcieri fix. While a fix is necessary, this... |
2011 |
| Robert J. Miller , Micheline D'Angelis |
Brazil, Indigenous Peoples, and the International Law of Discovery |
37 Brooklyn Journal of International Law L. 1 (2011) |
L1-2Introduction . R31. I. The Doctrine of Discovery. 4 A. Church Formulation of the Doctrine. 9 B. Portuguese and Spanish Development of the Doctrine. 12 C. Other European Countries and Discovery. 21 II. The Doctrine in Brazilian and Portuguese Law and History. 25 A. First Discovery. 27 B. Actual Occupancy and Current Possession. 29 i. Actual... |
2011 |
| Jeff Candrian |
Building with Blinders On: How Policymakers Ignored Indian Water Rights to the Colorado, Setting the Stage for the Navajo Claim |
22 Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 159 (Winter 2011) |
On March 14, 2003, the Navajo Nation filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Department of the Interior in an effort to resolve its potentially huge share of the Colorado River. The suit focuses on the tribe's reserved water rights for the western half of its reservation, above Lake Mead in Arizona. It should have come as no surprise. Millions of people... |
2011 |
| |
Chancellor Daniel W. Jones |
81 Mississippi Law Journal 97 (2011) |
When Robert C. Khayat announced his retirement as chancellor two years ago, many of us were deeply shaken. We simply could not imagine Ole Miss without him at its helm, because it was he who inspired us to accomplish more than we ever dreamed we could, and we treasured the years we were privileged to work with him. Few loved the university and its... |
2011 |
| Raman Mittal |
Character Merchandising: International Experience and Indian Perspective |
46 les Nouvelles 39 (March, 2011) |
Merchandising of intellectual property (IP) is the marketing technique where the goods or services are decorated and embellished with established IP with an aim that such embellishment will induce the public to buy them. A coffee mug carrying the image of Spider-man, a toy made in the shape of He-man, a T-shirt with a logo of Harvard University, a... |
2011 |
| Siyuan An , Brian Peck |
China's Indigenous Innovation Policy in the Context of its Wto Obligations and Commitments |
42 Georgetown Journal of International Law 375 (Winter, 2011) |
China's Indigenous Innovation Product Policy (Indigenous Innovation Policy) is designed to promote the innovation and commercialization of Chinese-origin technology, products and intellectual property assets by providing preferential treatment for Chinese manufactured products over foreign products in government procurement practices. Such... |
2011 |
| Javade Chaudhri |
Chinese Industrial Policies: Indigenous Innovation, Intellectual Property Rights, and the Trade Issues of the next Decade |
34 Thomas Jefferson Law Review Rev. 1 (Fall 2011) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 2 A. A Glimpse Of The Future?. 3 B. Introducing Indigenous Innovation. 4 C. Continuing Progress. 5 D. Technology Leadership Goal. 7 II. BACKGROUND. 9 A. Trade, Energy, and Environmental Issues. 9 B. China's Policy Concerns. 10 C. Bilateral Discussions. 12 III. INDIGENOUS INNOVATION AND STANDARDS POLICIES IN CHINA. 13 A. Origins... |
2011 |
| Craig Bryan Yirush |
Claiming the New World: Empire, Law, and Indigenous Rights in the Mohegan Case, 1704-1743 |
29 Law and History Review 333 (May, 2011) |
In 1773, with the empire on the brink of revolt, the Privy Council gave the final ruling in the case of the Mohegan Indians versus the colony of Connecticut. Thus ended what one eighteenth-century lawyer called the greatest cause that ever was heard at the Council Board. After a decades-long battle for their rights, involving several appeals to... |
2011 |
| Ralph A. Rossum |
Clarence Thomas's Originalist Understanding of the Interstate, Negative, and Indian Commerce Clauses |
88 University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 769 (Summer 2011) |
During his twenty years on the Supreme Court, Justice Clarence Thomas has pursued an original understanding approach to constitutional interpretation. He has been unswayed by the claims of precedent--by the gradual build-up of interpretations that, over time, completely distort the original understanding of the constitutional provision in question... |
2011 |
| Austin Badger |
Collective V. Individual Human Rights in Membership Governance for Indigenous Peoples |
26 American University International Law Review 485 (2011) |
INTRODUCTION. 486 I. BACKGROUND. 489 A. History of Oppressive Treatment of Indigenous Peoples. 489 B. Modern Era of Self-Determination. 491 C. Benefits of Membership and Membership Governance. 493 D. Collective Rights: U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. 494 E. Individual Rights: International Covenant on Civil and Political... |
2011 |
| Judith V. Royster |
Conjunctive Management of Reservation Water Resources: Legal Issues Facing Indian Tribes |
47 Idaho Law Review 255 (2011) |
C1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION. 255 II. THE ISSUE OF TRIBAL WATER CODES. 259 III. THE ISSUE OF A WINTERS RIGHT TO GROUNDWATER. 262 IV. THE ISSUE OF STATES TAKING ACCOUNT OF TRIBAL RIGHTS IN MAKING ALLOCATION DECISIONS. 268 V. CONCLUSION. 272 |
2011 |
| Mark Goodale, George Mason University |
Countering Development: Indigenous Modernity and the Moral Imagination David D. Gow (Durham: Duke University Press, 2008) |
34 PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 356 (November, 2011) |
David Gow's much anticipated new book is a welcome addition to the anthropology of development and social movements, to the study of indigenous mobilization and identity, and to the anthropology of moral knowledge and identity in Latin America. It is also an essential study of local political, social, and economic processes during a period of wider... |
2011 |
| Claire R. Newman |
Creating an Environmental No-man's Land: the Tenth Circuit's Departure from Environmental and Indian Law Protecting a Tribal Community's Health and Environment |
1 Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 352 (December, 2011) |
When Congress set aside reservations as permanent homelands for American Indian people, it intended that the reservations remain livable environments. When resource conflicts arise in checkerboard areas outside Indian reservations--where land ownership alternates between a tribe, state, the federal government and private, non-Indian... |
2011 |
| Grant Christensen |
Creating Bright-line Rules for Tribal Court Jurisdiction over Non-indians: the Case of Trespass to Real Property |
35 American Indian Law Review 527 (2010-2011) |
The 2010 passage of the Tribal Law and Order Act will invest significantly more resources in tribal courts. As tribal courts expand, conflicts between sovereignties - tribal, state, and federal - are likely to occur with much greater frequency. Tribal court civil jurisdiction over non-Indians will be among the issues most frequently appealed to... |
2011 |
| Douglas P. Payne , Benewah County Prosecutor |
Criminal Jurisdiction in Indian Country; Complicated by Design, but Not Lawless |
54-OCT Advocate 48 (October, 2011) |
Abandon all reason, ye who enter here, read the sign over the door. The firm practiced law relating to Native Americans, or Indian Law as it is commonly known and indexed. Despite the sign, I entered years ago, compelled to do so by my duty to prosecute all state-law crimes in a county much of which is concurrent with an Indian reservation.... |
2011 |
| Megan H. Dearth |
Defending the "Indefensible": Replacing Ethnocentrism with a Native American Cultural Defense |
35 American Indian Law Review 621 (2010-2011) |
Throughout history, federal Indian policy has vacillated between separation and assimilation. Sometimes federal and state governments recognize and promote tribal sovereignty, while other times, the policy favors assimilation into the dominant culture over individualism. Currently, the policy is one of self-determination, geared toward restoring... |
2011 |
| Katharine C. Oakley |
Defining Indian Status for the Purpose of Federal Criminal Jurisdiction |
35 American Indian Law Review 177 (2010-2011) |
At first glance, there appears to be something odd about a court of law in a diverse nation such as ours deciding whether a specific individual is or is not an Indian. Yet, given the long and complex relationship between the government of the United States and the sovereign tribal nations within its borders, the criminal jurisdiction of the... |
2011 |
| Raymond Cross |
Development's Victim or its Beneficiary?: the Impact of Oil and Gas Development on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation |
87 North Dakota Law Review 535 (2011) |
With an education, you become the white man's equal. Without it you remain his victim.-- Crow Chief, Plenty Coups I. INTRODUCTION. 536 II. WHY DEVELOPMENT IS DIFFERENT ON THE FORT BERTHOLD INDIAN RESERVATION. 541 A. The Tribal People's Unbreakable Geographic Ties to the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. 542 1. Their Treaty-Based Geographic Ties... |
2011 |
| Jay Pinkert |
Digital Immigrants, Digital Natives, and Emerging Opportunities in Legal Technology |
74 Texas Bar Journal 564 (July, 2011) |
Mention the rapidly growing influence of technology in the legal profession and a flood of topics spring to mind--social media, virtual practices, cloud computing, mobile devices. The most transformational agent in legal technology, however, likely is not the technology itself, but the demographics of technology. Analysis of how different age... |
2011 |
| Bernard Duhaime, Josée-Anne Riverin |
Double Discrimination and Equality Rights of Indigenous Women in Quebec |
65 University of Miami Law Review 903 (Spring 2011) |
I. Introduction. 903 II. Indigenous Women Face Double Discrimination. 905 III. Why Address Equality Rights of Indigenous Women from an Intersectional Approach?. 909 IV. Overview of Three Situations of Double Discrimination Faced by Indigenous Women in Quebec. 912 A. The Transmission of Indigenous Women's Indian Status Under the Federal Indian... |
2011 |
| |
Dr. Andrew P. Mullins Jr. |
81 Mississippi Law Journal 87 (2011) |
Nobody loves the University of Mississippi more than Robert Khayat. During his fourteen-year tenure as chancellor, he demonstrated that love every day, and I truly believe that everything he did and each decision he made had the advancement of Ole Miss as the ultimate goal. His love was Ole Miss and his overriding passion was the way it looked--the... |
2011 |
| |
Dr. Carolyn Ellis Staton |
81 Mississippi Law Journal 83 (2011) |
Having spent the better part of four decades on the Ole Miss campus, Robert Khayat, upon becoming chancellor, already knew all of the university's positives and negatives, nooks and crannies, and successes and failures. His belief in the potential of the university was unparalleled, and he had a keen sense that Ole Miss could be more than a solid... |
2011 |
| Rahul Dutta |
Due Diligence Threads in Indian Ip Laws |
46 les Nouvelles 54 (March, 2011) |
Ignorance of the law is not an excuse. This [in] famous saying has a lot to offer regarding ignorance in a world where the laws are territorial, but the business is across the territorial limits. The knowledge of the laws of a territory is increasingly becoming important before entering into the foreign waters. In fact such legal inputs have become... |
2011 |
| Nick Robinson , Varun Gauri |
Education, Labor Rights, and Incentives: Contract Teacher Cases in the Indian Courts |
32 Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal 991 (Summer 2011) |
Since the liberalization of India's economy beginning in the early 1990s, the government has increasingly employed contract workers to perform various state functions, from cleaning sewers to collecting taxes. The education sector has been no different. Contract, or ad hoc, teachers have become an ever-more-visible face in India's public schools.... |
2011 |
| Elizabeth Ann Kronk |
Effective Access to Justice: Applying the Parens Patriae Standing Doctrine to Climate Change-related Claims Brought by Native Nations |
32 Public Land & Resources Law Review Rev. 1 (2011) |
Tribes in Alaska are facing nothing less than the loss of their entire culture. - National Tribal Air Association (2009) Native Nations, who often foretell the fate of the rest of the world, are experiencing profound impacts likely related to climate change. In the Inuit village of Shishmaref, Alaska, which has been inhabited for over 4,000 years,... |
2011 |
| Cesar Rodriguez-Garavito |
Ethnicity.gov: Global Governance, Indigenous Peoples, and the Right to Priorm Consultation in Social Minefields |
18 Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 263 (Winter, 2011) |
This article explores law's protagonism and effects in contemporary conflicts over development, natural resource extraction, and indigenous peoples' rights. It focuses on the sociolegal site where these conflicts have been most visible and acute: consultations with indigenous peoples prior to the undertaking of economic projects that affect them. I... |
2011 |
| Guillermo de la Pena |
Ethnographies of Indigenous Exclusion in Western Mexico |
18 Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 307 (Winter, 2011) |
In 1992 and 2001, the National Congress of Mexico approved several amendments to the constitution concerning the legal status and rights of indigenous peoples. However, the specific institutional aspects and practical implications of these changes were left to state legislatures, which have responded slowly and unevenly. A particular problem has... |
2011 |
| Supriya Routh |
Experiential Learning Through Community Lawyering: a Proposal for Indian Legal Education |
24 Pacific McGeorge Global Business & Development Law Journal 115 (2011) |
I. Introduction. 116 II. Defining Community Lawyering. 118 III. The Context of Community Lawyering. 121 A. The Need for Community Lawyering. 121 B. Values Attached to the Concept. 121 C. Differences from Other Modes of Advocacy. 122 D. Challenges of Community Lawyering. 123 E. Different Discourses of Community Lawyering. 124 F. The Concept of... |
2011 |
| Hon. Elizabeth Ann Kronk |
Failure to Progress: a Renewed Call for American Indians and Alaskan Natives on the Federal Bench |
58-APR Federal Lawyer Law. 6 (March/April, 2011) |
Many notable firsts have happened over the last six years--including the election of the first African-American President, appointment and confirmation of the first African-American U.S. attorney general, and the appointment of two more women to serve as U.S. Supreme Court justices, bringing the total to three women on the Court for the first time... |
2011 |
| Jacinta Ruru |
Finding Support for a Changed Property Discourse for Aotearoa New Zealand in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples |
15 Lewis & Clark Law Review 951 (Winter, 2011) |
In the South Pacific Ocean lie the lands my peoples come from--Aotearoa New Zealand. These mountains, rivers, valleys, and coastlines hold our stories and laws. These lands give us our life, identity, and knowledge. For the past two centuries, we have shared these lands with other peoples. As these peoples became more dominant in our lands, we have... |
2011 |
| Angela R. Riley |
Frank Pommersheim, Broken Landscape: Indians, Indian Tribes, and the Constitution. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, Pp. 424, $35.00 |
60 Journal of Legal Education 569 (February, 2011) |
The colonial domination over the original inhabitants of the continent has been a subject of debate and consternation since the time of first contact. After a visit in the early 1800s to the United States, French theorist Alexis de Tocqueville famously wrote in Democracy in America that [t]he expulsion of the Indians often takes place at the... |
2011 |
| Jennifer Devroye, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP |
Frank Pommersheim, Broken Landscape: Indians, Indian Tribes, and the Constitution. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Pp. 424, $35.00 (Isbn 978-0-19-537306-6) |
29 Law and History Review 909 (August, 2011) |
Written as a companion to his 1995 Braid of Feathers, Frank Pommersheim's Broken Landscape: Indians, Indian Tribes, and the Constitution charts the evolution of Native American law and tribal sovereignty in the United States from the colonial to the modern eras. Thoughtfully organized and well written, it gives a comprehensive introduction to the... |
2011 |
| Richard L. Barnes |
From John Marshall to Thurgood Marshall: a Tale of Innovation and Evolution in Federal Indian Law Jurisdiction |
57 Loyola Law Review 435 (Fall 2011) |
Thurgood Marshall was the first African-American appointed to the United States Supreme Court. As the first African-American Justice, his historical role is assured, but his legacy is broader. This Article examines one piece of that legacy with one question in mind: Is it plausible that his role as a first influenced his opinions for the Court in... |
2011 |
| Megan Scanlon |
From Theory to Practice: Incorporating the "Active Efforts" Requirement in Indian Child Welfare Act Proceedings |
43 Arizona State Law Journal 629 (Summer 2011) |
Poverty, poor housing, lack of modern plumbing, and overcrowding are often cited by social workers as proof of parental neglect and are used as grounds for beginning custody proceedings. In a recent California case, the State tried to apply poverty as a standard against a Rosebud Sioux mother and child. At the mother's bidding, the child's aunt... |
2011 |
| Priti Nemani |
Globalization Versus Normative Policy: a Case Study on the Failure of the Barbie Doll in the Indian Market |
13 Asian-Pacific Law and Policy Journal 96 (2011) |
Introduction. 97 I. Globalization and the Multinational. 99 A. Globalization Defined. 99 1. The Key to the Kingdom: The Globalized Brand. 100 B. Barbie in the Global Economy. 102 1. Barbie's History. 102 2. Corporate Philosophy and Marketing Strategies behind Barbie. 105 II. Mattel's Business Ventures in India. 107 A. The Late 1980s: Barbie's Tango... |
2011 |
| Rhett B. Larson |
Holy Water and Human Rights: Indigenous Peoples' Religious-rights Claims to Water Resources |
2 Arizona Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 81 (Fall 2011) |
Water, perhaps more than any other natural resource, has profound religious meaning: in ceremonial uses, as a spiritual symbol, and as an object of worship. The scarcity of legal scholarship regarding the nexus between religious rights and water law is therefore curious. This paper examines that nexus and its implications in the context of... |
2011 |
| Ann E. Tweedy |
Hostile Indian Tribes . . . Outlaws, Wolves, . . . Bears . . . Grizzlies and Things like That? How the Second Amendment and Supreme Court Precedent Target Tribal Self-defense |
13 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 687 (March, 2011) |
I. Introduction. 690 A. Definitions of Self-Defense . 692 B. The Second Amendment. 692 C. The Justices' Perceptions of Tribes in District of Columbia v. Heller. 694 D. Erasure of Tribes in McDonald v. City of Chicago. 696 II. The Mythology of the Colonists' Need for Self-Defense. 697 A. The Colonial Concept of Self-Defense Related Directly to... |
2011 |
| Samuel E. Ennis |
Implicit Divestiture and the Supreme Court's (Re)construction of the Indian Canons |
35 Vermont Law Review 623 (Spring, 2011) |
Taken together, the Indian canons of construction and the doctrine of implicit divestiture seem paradoxical. On the one hand, the Indian canons, rules of statutory construction originally developed to protect Indian tribes from unscrupulously drafted statutes and treaties, protect tribal sovereignty against non-Indian encroachment. On the other,... |
2011 |
| Robert A. Yingst |
In the Courts of the Conqueror: the 10 Worst Indian Law Cases Ever Decided by Walter R. Echo-hawk (Golden, Co: Fulcrum Books, 2010). 576 Pgs. $35. Order |
84-JUN Wisconsin Lawyer 34 (June, 2011) |
It is difficult to read In the Courts of the Conqueror: The 10 Worst Indian Law Cases Ever Decided without feeling conflicted, especially if you are white. Nevertheless, whatever your ethnic heritage, you will be challenged if you read this book. I promise. Having been a white civil rights lawyer in what the author calls the Courts of the... |
2011 |
| Erin B. Agee |
In the Federal Government We Trust? Federal Funding for Tribal Water Rights Settlements and the Taos Pueblo Indian Water Rights Settlement Act |
21 Cornell Journal of Law & Public Policy 201 (Fall 2011) |
Today's relationship between federally recognized Indian tribes and the federal government is complex. Tribes must be able to decide how they wish to manage their water resources, and yet the federal-tribal trust relationship means tribes also rely on the federal government to act in their best interests regarding these water resources. As... |
2011 |
| Erin B. Agee |
IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WE TRUST? FEDERAL FUNDING FOR TRIBAL WATER RIGHTS SETTLEMENTS AND THE TAOS PUEBLO INDIAN WATER RIGHTS SETTLEMENT ACT |
21 Cornell Journal of Law & Public Policy 201 (Fall 2011) |
Today's relationship between federally recognized Indian tribes and the federal government is complex. Tribes must be able to decide how they wish to manage their water resources, and yet the federal-tribal trust relationship means tribes also rely on the federal government to act in their best interests regarding these water resources. As... |
2011 |
| Daniel K. Oakes |
Inching Toward Balance: Reaching Proper Reform of the Alaska Native Corporations' 8(a) Contracting Preferences |
40 Public Contract Law Journal 777 (Spring, 2011) |
I. Alaska and the ANCSA. 779 II. The Small Business Administration and the 8(a) Business Development Program. 781 A. Creation of the 8(a) Program and Participation Benefits. 781 B. Eligibility Requirements. 782 III. ANC Contracting Preferences. 782 A. Relaxed Admissions and Eligibility Requirements. 782 1. Economic Disadvantage. 782 2. Size and... |
2011 |
| Amelia C. Rendeiro |
Indian Arbitration and "Public Policy" |
89 Texas Law Review 699 (February, 2011) |
Parties choose arbitration for its finality, efficiency, and relative economy. The significance of these considerations is amplified where, as in India, the judiciary is notoriously backlogged and dispute resolution through traditional forums is infamously slow. The state's vital interest in equitable dispute resolution often comes into conflict... |
2011 |
| Carol Juneau , Denise Juneau |
Indian Education for All: Montana's Constitution at Work in Our Schools |
72 Montana Law Review 111 (Winter 2011) |
Montana is a leader in education in many respects. The Montana Constitution requires a quality education for all Montana citizens and guarantees educational opportunity for all students regardless of their geographical location, economic status, or heritage. However, Montana is particularly notable across the country for having a constitutional... |
2011 |
| Matthew A. King |
Indian Gaming and Native Identity |
30 Chicana/o-Latina/o Law Review Rev. 1 (2011) |
Indian gaming is a twenty-six billion dollar a year industry. Between 2006 and 2010, revenues from Indian gaming increased by more than six percent even as many states where Indian gaming is conducted suffered from severe budgetary crises in the wake of a general economic downturn. Amidst this background of Indian gaming's apparent profitability... |
2011 |
| |
Indian Law |
38 No.8 Preview of United States Supreme Court Cases 361 (8/6/2011) |
Overview: The Court of Federal Claims (CFC) has jurisdiction over claims for money damages against the government, but it cannot hear any claim for or in respect to which the plaintiff has a suit pending in another court. The plaintiff had one suit for equitable relief pending in a district court when it sued on the same underlying facts in the... |
2011 |
| Marc M. Levey and Brian P. Arthur |
Indian Supreme Court Sets Aside High Court Ruling in Maruti Suzuki-what's next for Marketing Intangibles? |
22 Journal of International Taxation 24 (January, 2011) |
Benchmarking an entity's activities against industry comparables assumes that the tested party is performing simple functions; doing so for a company's activities that produce marketing intangibles undermines the valuable function that the entity is performing. In the October 2010 issue of the Journal, the authors commented on the marketing... |
2011 |
| Carol Wild Scott |
Indian Veterans' Issues Are Indian Law Issues |
58-APR Federal Lawyer 42 (March/April, 2011) |
It was a very hot, dry, dusty July afternoon a few years ago. My husband, a veteran and a member of the Mountain Assiniboine tribe, was showing me around his reservation in Montana. The road was virtually empty, shimmering in the heat. An old man was standing by the road, looking for a ride. In response to my inquiry about who would be out here... |
2011 |