| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year |
| Jeremiah A. Ho |
QUEERING BOSTOCK |
29 American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 283 (2021) |
I. Introduction. 284 II. Conceptualizations of Anti-Queer Stereotypes. 289 A. Modern Historical Origins. 289 B. Anti-Queer Stereotyping Effects in Law. 295 III. Anti-Stereotyping Strategies. 301 A. Gender Discrimination. 303 B. LGBTQ Discrimination. 315 1. Animus in Romer. 316 2. Dignity in Lawrence. 321 3. Anti-Stereotyping in Windsor &... |
2021 |
| Kit Kinports |
QUESTIONS FOR THE QUESTIONABLE OBJECTIVITY OF FOURTH AMENDMENT LAW |
99 Texas Law Review Online 142 (2021) |
In his insightful article, The Questionable Objectivity of Fourth Amendment Law, Orin Kerr challenges the Supreme Court's repeated assertions that its Fourth Amendment jurisprudence is driven by objective standards in order to promote[] evenhanded, uniform enforcement of the law. Rather, in the descriptive part of the article, Professor Kerr... |
2021 |
| Lynnise E. Phillips Pantin |
RACE AND EQUITY IN THE AGE OF UNICORNS |
72 Hastings Law Journal 1453 (May, 2021) |
This Article critically examines startup culture and its legal predicates. The Article analyzes innovation culture as a whole and uses the downfall of Theranos to illustrate the deficiencies in Silicon Valley culture, centering on race and class. The Article demonstrates that the rise and fall of the unicorn startup Theranos and its founder,... |
2021 |
| Craig Konnoth |
RACE AND MEDICAL DOUBLE-BINDS |
121 Columbia Law Review Forum 135 (October 8, 2021) |
Race and medicine scholarship is beset by a conundrum. On one hand, some racial justice scholars and advocates frame the harms that racial minorities experience through a medical lens. Poverty and homelessness are social determinants of health that medical frameworks should account for. Racism itself is a public health threat. On the other hand,... |
2021 |
| The Honorable Solomon Oliver Jr. |
RACE AND POLICING: SOME THOUGHTS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR REFORM |
89 Fordham Law Review 2597 (May, 2021) |
Daniel Capra: We are really honored here today at Fordham Law School's Center for Judicial Events and Clerkships to have as our guest speaker Judge Solomon Oliver of the Northern District of Ohio. I'm going to give a bio; I'm trying not to take up all the time allotted for the talk, because he's accomplished so much that I could probably do so.... |
2021 |
| Katie Michaela Becker |
RACE AND PRISON DISCIPLINE: A STUDY OF NORTH CAROLINA STATE PRISONS |
43 North Carolina Central Law Review 175 (2021) |
Black and Indigenous people receive disproportionate shares of disciplinary write-ups at state prisons in North Carolina. They experience more sanctions as a result. In this Article, I examine publicly available 2020 data from the North Carolina Department of Public Safety. I use two statistical techniques: binary logistic regression and multiple... |
2021 |
| Ric Simmons |
RACE AND REASONABLE SUSPICION |
73 Florida Law Review 413 (March, 2021) |
The current political moment requires society to rethink the ways that race impacts policing. Many of the solutions will be political in nature, but legal reform is necessary as well. Law enforcement officers have a long history of considering a suspect's race when conducting criminal investigations. The civil rights movement and the progressive... |
2021 |
| Ion Meyn |
RACE-BASED REMEDIES IN CRIMINAL LAW |
63 William and Mary Law Review 219 (October, 2021) |
This Article evaluates the constitutional feasibility of using race-based remedies to address racial disparities in the criminal system. Compared to white communities, communities of color are over-policed and over-incarcerated. Criminal system stakeholders recognize that these conditions undermine perceptions of legitimacy critical to ensuring... |
2021 |
| Anna Offit |
RACE-CONSCIOUS JURY SELECTION |
82 Ohio State Law Journal 201 (2021) |
Among the central issues in scholarship on the American jury is the effect of Batson v. Kentucky (1986) on discriminatory empanelment. Empirical legal research has confirmed that despite the promise of the Batson doctrine, both peremptory strikes and challenges for cause remain tools of racial exclusion. But these studies, based on post facto... |
2021 |
| Yu Du |
RACIAL BIAS STILL EXISTS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM? A REVIEW OF RECENT EMPIRICAL RESEARCH |
37 Touro Law Review 79 (2021) |
The debate on whether racial bias is still embedded in the criminal justice (CJ) system today has reached its plateau. One recent article in the Washington Post has claimed an overwhelming evidence of racial bias in the CJ system. Whereas some scholars argue that racial disparity is an epitome of real crime rates, others indicate that implicit... |
2021 |
| Eldar Haber |
RACIAL RECOGNITION |
43 Cardozo Law Review 71 (October, 2021) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 72 I. Technology's Growing Role in Criminal Enforcement. 75 A. Criminal Enforcement and Technological Innovation. 75 B. Biometrics, Recognition Technology, and Criminal Enforcement. 79 II. Racial Recognition Threats. 89 A. Bias and Racism Within Recognition Technology. 89 B. Racial Recognition Within Criminal... |
2021 |
| Vinay Harpalani |
RACIAL TRIANGULATION, INTEREST-CONVERGENCE, AND THE DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS OF ASIAN AMERICANS |
37 Georgia State University Law Review 1361 (Summer, 2021) |
This Essay integrates Professor Claire Jean Kim's racial triangulation framework, Professor Derrick Bell's interest-convergence theory, and W.E.B. Du Bois's notion of double-consciousness, all to examine the racial positioning of Asian Americans and the dilemmas we face as a result. To do so, this Essay considers the history of Asian immigration to... |
2021 |
| Matiangai Sirleaf |
RACIAL VALUATION OF DISEASES |
67 UCLA Law Review 1820 (April, 2021) |
Scholars have paid inadequate attention to how racial valuation influences what actors prioritize or deem worthwhile. Today, racial valuation of diseases informs the stark global health inequities seen worldwide. As a concept, racial valuation refers to how racialized societies assign differing values to an individual or group based on their racial... |
2021 |
| Charlie Martel |
RACISM AND BIGOTRY AS GROUNDS FOR IMPEACHMENT |
45 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 197 (2021) |
Building on years of anti-racist organizing and advocacy, millions of Americans took to the streets to protest racism and demand racial justice in mid-2020. Much of the protest was directed at President Donald Trump--a president whose words and actions were racially polarizing and who deliberately incited racist hostility. This president was also... |
2021 |
| Charlene Galarneau , Ruqaiijah Yearby |
RACISM, HEALTH EQUITY, AND CRISIS STANDARDS OF CARE IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC |
14 Saint Louis University Journal of Health Law & Policy 211 (2021) |
Long-standing and deeply embedded institutional racism, notably anti-Black racism in U.S. health care, has provided a solid footing for the health inequities by race evident in the COVID-19 pandemic. Inequities in susceptibility, exposure, infection, hospitalization, and treatment reflect and reinforce this racism and cause incalculable and... |
2021 |
| Victor C. Romero |
RACISM, INCORPORATED: RAMOS v. LOUISIANA AND JOGGING WHILE BLACK |
30 Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 101 (Fall, 2020/2021) |
There is more to the U.S. Supreme Court's recent decision in Ramos v. Louisiana than its holding requiring unanimous state jury verdicts via the incorporation doctrine. The underlying debate among the Justices in Ramos about the salience of race in the law is a window into the current cultural moment. After identifying the racial debate underlying... |
2021 |
| Christian Brito, Russell S. Buhite, Daniel A. Cotter, Fred Karlinsky, Gregory Lestini, Anthony J. Macauley, Briana Montminy, Zeshawn H. Mumtaz, Timothy Stanfield |
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INSURANCE REGULATION |
56 Tort Trial & Insurance Practice Law Journal 459 (Spring, 2021) |
I. Introduction. 461 II. Federal Insurance Office 2019-2020. 461 III. National Organizations and State Departments Respond to Racial Inequality in the Insurance Industry. 465 A. National Insurance Organizations Respond to Racial Inequity in the Insurance Industry. 465 1. NAIC. 465 2. NCOIL. 467 B. U.S. Congress. 468 C. State Departments of... |
2021 |
| Alice Xiang |
RECONCILING LEGAL AND TECHNICAL APPROACHES TO ALGORITHMIC BIAS |
88 Tennessee Law Review 649 (Spring, 2021) |
Introduction. 651 I. Background on Algorithmic Bias. 657 A. Algorithmic Fairness, Bias, and Decision-making. 657 B. Examples of Algorithmic Bias. 663 II. The Technical Necessity of Using Protected Class Attributes or Proxies. 666 A. Proxy Variables, Omitted-variable Bias, and the Rashomon Effect. 666 B. Protected Class Variables as Context. 671... |
2021 |
| Richard Gabriel , John G. McCabe , Rebecca C. Ying |
REDEFINING BIAS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE |
36-SUM Criminal Justice 18 (Summer, 2021) |
In the wake of the death of George Floyd in 2020, it is estimated that protests occurred in over 2,000 cities in 60 countries worldwide and that between 15 and 26 million people protested in the United States alone. Two hundred cities imposed curfews, almost 100,000 National Guard troops were deployed, and at least 14,000 people were arrested in... |
2021 |
| Allyson E. Gold |
REDLIKING: WHEN REDLINING GOES ONLINE |
62 William and Mary Law Review 1841 (May, 2021) |
Airbnb's structure, design, and algorithm create a website architecture that allows user discrimination to prevent minority hosts from realizing the same economic benefits from short-term rental platforms as White hosts, a phenomenon this Article refers to as redliking. For hosts with an unused home, a spare room, or an extra couch, Airbnb... |
2021 |
| Kiera Murphy, Katherine Earle Yanes |
REFLECTING ON THE DIVERSITY & INCLUSION COMMITTEE'S POLICE LIABILITY PROGRAMS |
68-FEB Federal Lawyer 10 (January/February, 2021) |
George Floyd was a Black man who died at the hands of Minneapolis police officers on Memorial Day of 2020. Widespread protests followed, with chants of I can't breathe reverberating in our consciences. The outrage over Mr. Floyd's death sparked an ongoing national conversation on law enforcement training and liability. As part of that... |
2021 |
| Erica D. Rosenbaum |
RELYING ON THE UNRELIABLE: CHALLENGING USCIS'S USE OF POLICE REPORTS AND ARREST RECORDS IN AFFIRMATIVE IMMIGRATION PROCEEDINGS |
96 New York University Law Review 256 (April, 2021) |
Although many scholars have recognized the need for increased procedural protections for immigrants in removal proceedings, very little attention has been paid to the process afforded to immigrants applying affirmatively to acquire lawful status. However, due to the collection of important interests implicated by affirmative immigration... |
2021 |
| Willamette University College of Law Racial Justice Task Force |
REMEDYING BATSON'S FAILURE TO ADDRESS UNCONSCIOUS JUROR BIAS IN OREGON |
57 Willamette Law Review 85 (Spring, 2021) |
Given recent events, including a worldwide call for criminal justice reform sparked by the murder of George Floyd, the country has begun to recognize the impact of implicit bias on the criminal justice system. Washington and California, for instance, have made progress in creating broader opportunities and diversification within the jury selection... |
2021 |
| Kia H. Vernon |
REPRESENTATION IN REPRESENTATION: HOW THE PATH TO END RACIAL INJUSTICE BEGINS WITH THE LEGAL ACADEMY |
43 North Carolina Central Law Review 136 (2021) |
Joseph Garcia knows first-hand about the struggles facing young men of color. As a young man growing up in a predominately black neighborhood, he experienced constant harassment by police and was accustomed to being followed around in stores. Before he attended law school, he viewed the justice system as a fallacy for people that looked like him.... |
2021 |
| Jamelia N. Morgan |
RETHINKING DISORDERLY CONDUCT |
109 California Law Review 1637 (October, 2021) |
Disorderly conduct laws are a combination of common law offenses aimed at protecting the public order, peace, and tranquility. Yet, contrary to common legal conceptions, the criminalization of disorderly conduct is not just about policing behavior that threatens to disrupt public order or even the public's peace and tranquility. Policing disorderly... |
2021 |
| Nicole Hallett |
RETHINKING PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION IN IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT |
42 Cardozo Law Review 1765 (September, 2021) |
Prosecutorial discretion in immigration enforcement stands at a crossroads. It was the centerpiece of Obama's immigration policy after efforts to pass comprehensive immigration reform failed. Under the Trump administration, it was declared all but dead, replaced by an ethos of maximum enforcement. Biden has promised a return to the status quo ante,... |
2021 |
| Sara S. Hildebrand |
REVIVING THE PRESUMPTION OF YOUTH INNOCENCE THROUGH A PRESUMPTION OF RELEASE: A LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ABOLITION OF JUVENILE PRETRIAL DETENTION |
125 Penn State Law Review 695 (Spring, 2021) |
Juvenile courts were established at the beginning of the twentieth century by a group of reformers who called themselves Child Savers. Those founders believed that fundamental differences between adults and children--such as children's developmental immaturity and malleability--required the establishment of a court for youth, separate from adult... |
2021 |
| Jacob Schuman |
REVOCATION AND RETRIBUTION |
96 Washington Law Review 881 (October, 2021) |
Abstract: Revocation of community supervision is a defining feature of American criminal law. Nearly 4.5 million people in the United States are on parole, probation, or supervised release, and 1/3 eventually have their supervision revoked, sending 350,000 to prison each year. Academics, activists, and attorneys warn that mass supervision has... |
2021 |
| Jonathan Andrew Perez |
RIOTING BY A DIFFERENT NAME: THE VOICE OF THE UNHEARD IN THE AGE OF GEORGE FLOYD, AND THE HISTORY OF THE LAWS, POLICIES, AND LEGISLATION OF SYSTEMIC RACISM |
24 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 87 (Spring, 2021) |
I. Introduction. 88 II. Looting Economic Equity from Black America. 96 A. The Statistics of Black Overrepresentation in the Criminal Justice System. 96 B. How Overrepresentation in the Criminal Justice System Affects Black Communities. 97 C. COVID-19 Amplifies The Looting of Black America. 101 III. The Anxiety of a Counterfeit America: Protests and... |
2021 |
| Yara M. Wahba |
RISK ASSESSMENTS ARE THE DIAGNOSIS NOT THE CURE: HOW USING ALGORITHMS AS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS CAN PREVENT THE BAIT-AND-SWITCH OF UNCONSTITUTIONAL PRETRIAL PRACTICES |
24 Chapman Law Review 575 (Winter, 2021) |
In our society, liberty is the norm and detention prior to trial or without trial is the carefully limited exception. While the Supreme Court has emphasized the exceptional nature of infringements on any individual's liberty, the reality of our criminal justice system contradicts this sentiment. Marginalized people, whether because of race or... |
2021 |
| Miriam F. Weismann, Cheryl Holder |
RUTHLESS UTILITARIANISM? COVID-19 STATE TRIAGE PROTOCOLS MAY SUBJECT PATIENTS TO RACIAL DISCRIMINATION AND PROVIDERS TO LEGAL LIABILITY |
47 American Journal of Law & Medicine 264 (2021) |
Key Words: coronavirus; discrimination; rationing; facially neutral standards; triage protocols; crisis standards of care As the coronavirus pandemic intensified, many communities in the United States experienced shortages of ventilators, intensive care beds, and other medical supplies and treatments. Currently, there is no single national response... |
2021 |
| Daniel S. Harawa |
SACRIFICING SECRECY |
55 Georgia Law Review 593 (Winter, 2021) |
Juries have deliberated in secret since medieval times. The historical reason for the secrecy is that it promotes impartiality, which in turn protects a defendant's right to a fair trial. But as it turns out, jurors are not always impartial. Lurid examples exist of jurors condemning defendants based on the defendant's race, sexuality, ethnicity,... |
2021 |
| Jeanelly Nuñez |
SCANNING FOR BIAS: A NEUROSCIENTIFIC RESPONSE TO POLICING WITH IMPLICIT BIAS |
27 Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice 295 (Spring, 2021) |
C1-2Table of Contents I. Introduction. 296 II. Numbers Do Not Lie--Statistical Data on Racial Disparities. 298 A. Am I Next? Likelihood that Victims to Fatal Police Violence are Men of Color. 298 B. Examining Drug Arrest Numbers for Minorities Compared to White People. 299 C. Driving While Black and Terry v. Ohio. 300 D. Minorites Make Up the... |
2021 |
| Maryam Ahranjani |
SCHOOL "SAFETY" MEASURES JUMP CONSTITUTIONAL GUARDRAILS |
44 Seattle University Law Review 273 (Winter, 2021) |
In the wake of George Floyd's murder and efforts to achieve racial justice through systemic reform, this Article argues that widespread security measures in public schools, including embedded law enforcement officers, jump constitutional guardrails. These measures must be rethought in light of their negative impact on all children and in favor of... |
2021 |
| Thalia González , Emma Kaeser |
SCHOOL POLICE REFORM: A PUBLIC HEALTH IMPERATIVE |
74 SMU Law Review Forum 118 (August, 2021) |
Out of the twin pandemics currently gripping the United States--deaths of unarmed Black victims at the hands of police and racialized health inequities resulting from COVID-19--an antiracist health equity agenda has emerged that identifies racism as a public health crisis. Likewise, calls for reform of school policing by those advocating for civil... |
2021 |
| Madeline Dawn Nelson |
SCHOOL'S OUT FOR BLACK BOYS IN WISCONSIN: AN ANALYSIS OF WISCONSIN'S RACIST IMPLEMENTATION OF EXPULSION AND SUSPENSION LAW AND ITS INTERSECTION WITH WISCONSIN STUDENTS' OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUCCESS |
36 Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender & Society 111 (Spring, 2021) |
Each day [a student] is not receiving an education is gone forever. No amount of money can replace the lost opportunity. If [the student] has been wrongfully expelled . the harm is enormous. Introduction. 112 I.Background of Student Discipline Law in Wisconsin's K-12 Public Schools. 114 A. Suspension Law in Wisconsin. 115 B. Expulsion Law in... |
2021 |
| Jonathan Kahn, Professor of Law and Biology, Northeastern University School of Law |
SEEING RACISM IN REAL TIME |
36 Journal of Law and Religion 324 (August, 2021) |
Who's the Bigot? Learning from Conflicts over Marriage and Civil Rights Law. By Linda C. McClain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 304. $39.95 (cloth); $26.99 (digital). ISBN: 9780190877200. KEYWORDS: race, racism, implicit bias, law, policing I am delighted to have the opportunity to write this commentary inspired by Linda McClain's... |
2021 |
| Deseriee Kennedy |
SEEKING ECONOMIC JUSTICE IN THE FACE OF ENDURING RACISM |
33 Loyola Consumer Law Review 339 (2021) |
In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave a speech to Stanford University students about economic injustice titled The Other America. In that speech, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. stated that there are literally two Americas. One America is beautiful . in this America millions of young people grow up in the sunlight of opportunity. But tragically... |
2021 |
| Maja Tosic |
SHUTTING DOWN THE SCHOOL-TO-PRISON PIPELINE |
94 Southern California Law Review Postscript 80 (April, 2021) |
When a student misbehaves, race plays a role in how harshly the student is disciplined. Given the long history of racial discrimination in the United States, as well as prevalent implicit biases, Black and Latino students are disciplined at higher rates with stiffer punishments than their white peers. This higher level of discipline leads to a... |
2021 |
| Paula Tsurutani, Freelance Writer and Editor |
SILENCE IS NOT AN OPTION |
40 Legal Management 17 (July/August, 2021) |
Your role in driving more meaningful change to confront racial disparities in the workplace. The last 18 months have exposed racialized events and disparities--from the murder of George Floyd and health inequities laid bare by the pandemic to anti-Asian attacks and police violence--in a way that nobody could ignore. These events have moved legal... |
2021 |
| R.A. Lenhardt , Kimani Paul-Emile |
SKIMMED MILK: REFLECTIONS ON RACE, HEALTH, AND WHAT FAMILIES TELL US ABOUT STRUCTURAL RACISM |
57 California Western Law Review 231 (Spring, 2021) |
Andrea Freeman's excellent book, Skimmed: Breastfeeding, Race, and Injustice, offers a complex and nuanced account of the racial politics of breastfeeding and the problem of food insecurity more broadly. Freeman analyzes these issues through the lens of the Fultz family, whose quadruplet daughters sit at the center the book. Weaving together... |
2021 |
| Adelle Blackett , Alice Duquesnoy |
SLAVERY IS NOT A METAPHOR: U.S. PRISON LABOR AND RACIAL SUBORDINATION THROUGH THE LENS OF THE ILO'S ABOLITION OF FORCED LABOR CONVENTION |
67 UCLA Law Review 1504 (April, 2021) |
Slavery is not a metaphor, yet the implications of the centuries-long transatlantic slave trade, and the literature on the Black Atlantic, are mostly ignored in the fast and furious international legal invocations of modern slavery, particularly involving various forms of labor exploitation along global value chains and global care chains. This... |
2021 |
| Briana M. Clark |
SOCIAL DOMINANCE ORIENTATION: DETECTING RACIAL BIAS IN PROSPECTIVE JURORS |
39 Yale Law and Policy Review 614 (Spring, 2021) |
The selection of an impartial jury is fundamental to the fair and equitable administration of justice. Though the criminal justice system purports to be racially blind, research shows that racially biased jurors negatively impact the lives of people of color, especially Black people, involved with the criminal justice system. Due to the... |
2021 |
| Rory Bahadur , Liyun Zhang |
SOCRATIC TEACHING AND LEARNING STYLES: EXPOSING THE PERVASIVENESS OF IMPLICIT BIAS AND WHITE PRIVILEGE IN LEGAL PEDAGOGY |
18 Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal 114 (Summer, 2021) |
Abstract: Legal educators who deny the efficacy of utilizing learning style theory inaccurately support their dismissal through misunderstanding and misrepresenting the science supporting such techniques. These erroneous conclusions are often the result of implicit bias and dysconscious racism favoring dominant white male norms and privileges. Such... |
2021 |
| Dr. Charles J. Reid, Jr. |
STATE OF MIND, STATE OF LAW: INTRODUCTION TO THE NEUROSCIENCE AND THE LAW SYMPOSIUM |
15 University of St. Thomas Journal of Law & Public Policy Pol'y 1 (October, 2021) |
C1-2Table of Contents I. The Problem Stated. 2 A. The Plight of the QAnon Shaman. 2 B. Ancient Foreshadowing. 6 1. Epicurean Free Will. 6 2. The Apostle Paul and Predestination. 13 C. Twentieth-Century Science. 23 1. Sigmund Freud. 23 2. B.F. Skinner. 38 D. The State of the Question Today. 62 II. The Contributors. 70 A. Robert M. Sapolsky. 70 B.... |
2021 |
| Hilary Rau , Kim Shayo Buchanan , Monique L. Dixon , Phillip Atiba Goff |
STATE REGULATION OF POLICING: POST COMMISSIONS AND POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY |
11 UC Irvine Law Review 1349 (August, 2021) |
This Article examines the untapped potential of Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) commissions to protect communities that experience police misconduct and discrimination. POST commissions, which are created by state laws and exist in all fifty states, have broad authority to regulate police officers and police departments. POST... |
2021 |
| A. Mechele Dickerson |
SYSTEMIC RACISM AND HOUSING |
70 Emory Law Journal 1535 (2021) |
After the Great Depression and World War II, political leaders in this country enacted laws and adopted policies that made it easy for families to buy homes and increase their household wealth. This housing relief was limited to whites, though. Blacks and Latinos have always struggled to buy homes or even find safe and affordable rental housing.... |
2021 |
| Ruqaiijah Yearby , Seema Mohapatra |
SYSTEMIC RACISM, THE GOVERNMENT'S PANDEMIC RESPONSE, AND RACIAL INEQUITIES IN COVID-19 |
70 Emory Law Journal 1419 (2021) |
During the COVID-19 pandemic, federal and state governments have disregarded racial and ethnic minorities' unequal access to employment and health care, which has resulted in racial inequities in infections and deaths. In addition, they have enacted laws that further exacerbate these inequities. Consequently, many racial and ethnic minorities are... |
2021 |
| Jordan M. Wayburn |
TAXATION AND RACIAL INJUSTICE IN SOUTH CAROLINA |
72 South Carolina Law Review 847 (Spring, 2021) |
I. Introduction. 847 II. South Carolina's Story: The Problem. 850 A. Racial Animus: The South Carolina Constitution of 1895 and Disenfranchisement by Taxation. 851 1. Literacy Tests and the Property Tax Exemption. 853 2. The Poll Tax. 857 B. Abuse of Demographic Differences: South Carolina Public School Desegregation and Funding. 858 C. Facially... |
2021 |
| Osamudia James |
THE "INNOCENCE" OF BIAS |
119 Michigan Law Review 1345 (April, 2021) |
Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice that Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. By Jennifer L. Eberhardt. New York: Viking. 2019. Pp. 340. Cloth, $28; paper, $18. It's simple to explain, but not so easy to see or to rectify. --Eberhardt, p. 279. If multiculturalism was central to the progressive zeitgeist of the 1990s, unconscious bias was the same... |
2021 |