Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year |
H. Justin Pace |
THE UTILITY OF ORIGINALISM IN MITIGATING JUDICIAL ELITE BIAS: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2021-2022 SUPREME COURT TERM |
93 UMKC Law Review 339 (Winter 2024) |
The October 2021 Supreme Court term (OT21) ended with a bang--a momentous final month that one commenter labeled Red flag June as a handful of decisions from the Supreme Court of the United States (the Court) placed red flags on hundreds of precedents in the Westlaw legal database. Four cases in particular represent a significant shift in... |
2024 |
Sikudhani Foster-McCray |
WHEN ALGORITHMS SEE US: AN ANALYSIS OF BIASED CORPORATE SOCIAL MEDIA ALGORITHM PROGRAMMING AND THE ADVERSE EFFECTS THESE SOCIAL MEDIA ALGORITHMS CREATE WHEN THEY RECOMMEND HARMFUL CONTENT TO UNWITTING USERS |
18 Southern Journal of Policy and Justice 1 (May, 2024) |
C1-2Contents Introduction. 2 I. Previous Work on Racially Biased Algorithms: Algorithms of Oppression, By Dr. Safiya Umoja Noble. 3 A. Background and Synopsis. 4 B. Groundbreaking Elements in the Text. 5 1. Technological Interface from Black Perspectives. 6 2. Immunity of Information Technology Corporations. 8 C. Points of Critique within the Text.... |
2024 |
Michael L. Perlin, Esq. |
"IN THESE TIMES OF COMPASSION WHEN CONFORMITY'S IN FASHION": HOW THERAPEUTIC JURISPRUDENCE CAN ROOT OUT BIAS, LIMIT POLARIZATION, AND SUPPORT VULNERABLE PERSONS IN THE LEGAL PROCESS |
10 Texas A&M Law Review 219 (Winter, 2023) |
This Article considers the extent to which caselaw has--either explicitly or implicitly--incorporated the precepts of therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ), a school of legal thought that focuses on the law's influence on emotional life and psychological well-being, and that asks us to assess the actual impact of the law on people's lives. Two of the... |
2023 |
Garanique Williams |
A MEANS TO AN END: A WAY TO CURB BIAS-BASED POLICING IN NEW YORK CITY |
2023 Cardozo Law Review de novo 90 (2023) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 91 I. Background. 95 A. Explaining the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA). 95 B. The Rise of Police Service Areas (PSAs). 96 C. The Problem with PSAs. 98 D. Section 14-151 of the Administrative Code's Offered Protections to Bias-Based Profiling. 101 E. The Constitutional Protections to the Problem of... |
2023 |
Jessica Saunders , Greg Midgette |
A TEST FOR IMPLICIT BIAS IN DISCRETIONARY CRIMINAL JUSTICE DECISIONS |
47 Law and Human Behavior 217 (February, 2023) |
Objective: Our goal was to develop a framework to test for implicit racial bias in discretionary decisions made by community supervision agents in conditions with increasing information ambiguity. Hypotheses: We reasoned that as in-person contact decreases, community supervision officers' specific knowledge of clients would be replaced by... |
2023 |
The Honorable Cherron Payne |
ALL CASES MATTER: MITIGATING BIAS IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDICIARY |
43 Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary 1 (Spring, 2023) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 3 I. Bias. 6 A. Explicit Bias. 8 B. Implicit Bias. 13 II. The Neuroscience Of Implicit Bias. 19 A. Implicit Bias and the Amygdala. 23 III. Individual And Systemic Factors That Influence Implicit Bias. 25 IV. Administrative Law Judiciary and its Susceptibility to Bias. 27 V. Mitigating Bias in the Administrative... |
2023 |
Jens Frankenreiter, Michael A. Livermore |
ARE LAWYERS' CASE SELECTION DECISIONS BIASED? A FIELD EXPERIMENT ON ACCESS TO JUSTICE |
52 Journal of Legal Studies 273 (June, 2023) |
The attorney-client relationship is pivotal in providing access to courts. This paper presents results from a large-scale field experiment exploring how demographic information (encoded in potential clients' names) affects how attorneys respond to initial inquiries in private injury cases. On the basis of prior literature, we hypothesize that race... |
2023 |
Luca CM Melchionna |
BIAS AND FAIRNESS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE |
95-AUG New York State Bar Journal 29 (July/August, 2023) |
An attorney has taken on a multifaceted case and can't decide whether to use artificial intelligence to meet discovery demands involving 100,000 sensitive documents (see Attorney Professionalism Forum on page 52). While AI can save money by selecting only the most pertinent documents, the lawyer does not want to risk the client's privacy by... |
2023 |
Dorothea Endres , Luisa Hedler , Kebene Wodajo |
BIAS IN SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT MANAGEMENT: WHAT DO HUMAN RIGHTS HAVE TO DO WITH IT? |
117 AJIL Unbound 139 (2023) |
In a global context where political campaigning, social movements, and public discourse increasingly take place online, questions regarding the regulation of speech by social media platforms become ever more relevant. Companies like Facebook moderate content posted by users on their platforms through a mixture of automated decision making and human... |
2023 |
Maytal Gilboa |
BIASED BUT REASONABLE: BIAS UNDER THE COVER OF STANDARD OF CARE |
57 Georgia Law Review 489 (Winter, 2023) |
Inequities in the healthcare distribution are widely acknowledged to plague the United States healthcare system. Controversies as to whether antidiscrimination law allows individuals to bring lawsuits with respect to implicit rather than intentional bias render negligence law an important avenue for redressing harms caused by implicit bias in... |
2023 |
Hillel J. Bavli |
CHARACTER EVIDENCE AS A CONDUIT FOR IMPLICIT BIAS |
56 U.C. Davis Law Review 1019 (February, 2023) |
The Federal Rules of Evidence purport to prohibit character evidence, or evidence regarding a defendant's past bad acts or propensities offered to suggest that the defendant acted in accordance with a certain character trait on the occasion in question. However, courts regularly admit character evidence through an expanding set of legislative and... |
2023 |
Stephanie A. Cardenas, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, Department of Psychology, Williams College |
CHARGED UP AND ANCHORED DOWN: A TEST OF TWO PATHWAYS TO JUDGMENTAL AND DECISIONAL ANCHORING BIASES IN PLEA NEGOTIATIONS |
29 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 435 (November, 2023) |
Prosecutors sometimes threaten defendants with disproportionately severe potential trial sentences (PTS) to coerce their plea acceptance. Three experiments tested whether the PTS act as an anchor that biases evaluations of the plea deal at deep (vs. shallow) processing level by encouraging asymmetric consideration of information consistent--but not... |
2023 |
Lori N. Ross |
CHILDBEARING UNDER UNBEARABLE CIRCUMSTANCES: THE IMPORTANCE OF ABORTION BAN EXCEPTIONS FOR VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND THE CURRENT BIAS AGAINST SEX TRAFFICKING VICTIMS |
52 University of Baltimore Law Review 251 (Spring, 2023) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 253 II. SEMINAL U.S. SUPREME COURT PRECEDENT ON ABORTION. 257 A. Roe v. Wade. 258 B. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. 266 1. The Majority Opinion. 266 2. The Dissenting Opinion. 278 III. THE LEGAL LANDSCAPE OF ABORTION POST-DOBBS. 288 A. Federal Action: Presidential Executive Orders. 288 1. First Executive Order:... |
2023 |
Laura Smalarz, Rose E. Eerdmans, Megan L. Lawrence, Kylie Kulak, Jessica M. Salerno, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University |
COUNTERINTUITIVE RACE EFFECTS IN LEGAL AND NONLEGAL CONTEXTS |
47 Law and Human Behavior 119 (February, 2023) |
Objective: Despite documented racial disparities in all facets of the criminal justice system, recent laboratory attempts to investigate racial bias in legal settings have produced null effects or racial-bias reversals. These counterintuitive findings may be an artifact of laboratory participants' attempts to appear unprejudiced in response to... |
2023 |
Keith Cunningham-Parmeter |
DISCRIMINATION BY ALGORITHM: EMPLOYER ACCOUNTABILITY FOR BIASED CUSTOMER REVIEWS |
70 UCLA Law Review 92 (June, 2023) |
From Uber to Home Depot to Starbucks, companies are increasingly asking customers to rate workers. Gathering data from these ratings, many firms utilize algorithms to make employment decisions. The proliferation of customer ratings raises the possibility that some customers may review workers negatively for racist, sexist, or other illegal reasons.... |
2023 |
Arthur S. Leonard |
DISTRICT COURT REJECTS CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGE TO FEDERAL HATE CRIME PROSECUTION IN ANTI-LGBTQ+ BIAS CASE |
2023 LGBT Law Notes 11 (February, 2023) |
Chief U.S. District Judge Brian Morris rejected John Russell Howald's argument that Howald could not be prosecuted for violating the federal Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA), 18 USC Sec. 249 (a)(2), because, he argued, it exceeds Congress's power under the Commerce Clause to federalize criminal law. United States v. Howald, 2023 WL 35049, 2023... |
2023 |
Dushiyanthini (Toni) Kenthirarajah , Nicholas P. Camp , Gregory M. Walton , Aaron C. Kay , Geoffrey L. Cohen |
DOES "JAMAL" RECEIVE A HARSHER SENTENCE THAN "JAMES"? FIRST-NAME BIAS IN THE CRIMINAL SENTENCING OF BLACK MEN |
47 Law and Human Behavior 169 (February, 2023) |
Objective: Using archival and experimental methods, we tested the role that racial associations of first names play in criminal sentencing. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that Black defendants with more stereotypically Black names (e.g., Jamal) would receive more punitive sentences than Black defendants with more stereotypically White names (e.g.,... |
2023 |
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ELECTION LAW--REDISTRICTING--WISCONSIN SUPREME COURT ADOPTS NEW ELECTION MAPS THAT CHANGE EXISTING DISTRICTS LEAST, REGARDLESS OF PARTISAN BIAS.--JOHNSON v. WISCONSIN ELECTIONS COMMISSION, 972 N.W.2D 559 (WIS. 2022) |
136 Harvard Law Review 998 (January, 2023) |
When political deadlock prevents a state from redistricting, the job falls to courts. It is an uncomfortable assignment, and judges have differed widely over how to tackle it. Recently, in Johnson v. Wisconsin Elections Commission (Johnson III), the Wisconsin Supreme Court was forced to redistrict in the legislature's stead. Reaffirming the... |
2023 |
Julia L. Ernst |
ELIMINATING BIAS AGAINST LGBTQ+ LEGAL PROFESSIONALS: CONTINUING THE CONVERSATION |
98 North Dakota Law Review 187 (2023) |
In the spring of 2022, the University of North Dakota School of Law hosted a continuing legal education (CLE) program on Eliminating Bias against LGBTQ+ Legal Professionals, sponsored by two law student organizations along with the Women Lawyers Section of the State Bar Association of North Dakota (SBAND). This piece provides a transcript of... |
2023 |
Lieutenant Colonel Susan E. Upward, USMC |
EMPANELING "FAIR AND IMPARTIAL" MEMBERS: THE CASE FOR INCLUSION OF AN IMPLICIT BIAS INSTRUCTION AT COURTS-MARTIAL |
32 Southern California Review of Law & Social Justice 333 (Spring, 2023) |
C1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION. 334 II. BACKGROUND. 335 A. Fifty Years of Documented Research Pointing to Racial Bias. 335 1. Post-World War II: Racial Integration of the Armed Forces 2. The Twenty-First Century: Racial Disparity Persists in the Military. 336 III. ISSUE. 340 A. Defining Implicit Bias. 340 B. Recognizing the Implicit Bias... |
2023 |
Ryan J. Fitzgerald , Colin G. Tredoux , Stefana Juncu |
ESTIMATION OF EYEWITNESS ERROR RATES IN FAIR AND BIASED LINEUPS |
47 Law and Human Behavior 463 (August, 2023) |
Objective: The risk of mistaken identification for innocent suspects in lineups can be estimated by correcting the overall error rate by the number of people in the lineup. We compared this nominal size correction to a new effective size correction, which adjusts the error rate for the number of plausible lineup members. Hypotheses: We hypothesized... |
2023 |
Evan D. Beecher, Joanne Braddock Lambert, Nathan A. Searcy, John A. Snyder |
HOW IMPLICIT BIAS TRAINING IN THE REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY CAN ACHIEVE ENHANCED EFFECTIVENESS |
39 Practical Real Estate Lawyer 24 (Jul-23) |
In recent years, the nation has made efforts to raise awareness of implicit bias in the workplace. Several states, such as California and New York, now require real estate professionals to complete implicit or unconscious bias training courses as part of their pre-licensing or continuing education requirements. Much of this training has routinely... |
2023 |
John L. Shahdanian II , Asaad K. Siddiqi , Valentina Scirica |
IMPLICIT BIAS |
342-JUN New Jersey Lawyer, the Magazine 50 (June, 2023) |
On Jan. 31, the New Jersey Appellate Division addressed issues of first impression when it rendered its decision in State of New Jersey v. William L. Scott. The Appellate Division held for the first time that implicit bias can be a basis for establishing a prima facie case of police discrimination under the burden-shifting standard adopted in the... |
2023 |
Wayne J. Boehle, Ana M. Sambold |
IMPLICIT BIAS--NOT A NEW CONCERN FOR ATTORNEYS |
45-FEB Los Angeles Lawyer 34 (February, 2023) |
Assembly Bill 242 mandating that the State Bar of California enact rules incorporating the topic of implicit bias and bias-reducing strategies into its MCLE curriculum for all attorneys took effect January 31, 2023. At least two hours of credit are required for the elimination of bias--one hour at a minimum to focus on implicit bias and the... |
2023 |
Caden Pociask |
IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF WHOM?: AN ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL BIAS IN CUSTODY DISPUTES INVOLVING TRANSGENDER CHILDREN |
98 Indiana Law Journal 1275 (Spring, 2023) |
Anti-transgender discrimination and bias loom large in many areas of our society, but perhaps one of the most concerning settings is within the four walls of a courtroom. Evidence suggests that judicial decision making in custody determinations involving transgender children are influenced by anti-transgender bias. In this Note, I examine the... |
2023 |
Alicia R. Jackson |
INHERENTLY UNEQUAL: THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL RACISM AND BIAS ON K-12 SCHOOL DISCIPLINE |
88 Brooklyn Law Review 459 (Winter, 2023) |
The true character of society is revealed in how it treats its children.-- Nelson Mandela Overly harsh and discriminatory school discipline policies and biased decision-making practices have led to the disproportionate punishment of Black children, causing them to be excluded from classroom learning and creating a separate and unequal education... |
2023 |
Keri S. Turner |
IT'S ALL IN YOUR HEAD: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF JUROR BIAS AGAINST MENTALLY ILL CRIMINAL DEFENDANTS AND HOW DEFENSE ATTORNEYS CAN MITIGATE IT |
23 Journal of Law in Society 101 (Winter 2023) |
C1-2CONTENTS Abstract. 101 Introduction. 102 i. Background. 103 A. General Definition of Bias. 103 B. Bias Towards Mental Illness. 104 C. Jury Bias. 106 D. Bias Towards Mental Illness in Juries. 107 ii. Mitigating Bias Towards Mental Illness in Juries. 108 A. For-Cause Dismissal of Jurors. 108 1. Current Law. 108 2. Proposed Law: For-Cause... |
2023 |
Hamra Ahmad, Jacqueline Franchetti, Linda Lopez, Dr. Carolyn Springer, Shain Filcher, Rachel Braunstein, DIRECTOR OF LAW AND POLICY, HER JUSTICE, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR & KYRA'S MOM, KYRA'S CHAMPIONS, DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE LEGAL CENTER, SANCTUARY FOR FAMILIE |
KEYNOTE PANEL 2: HOW BIAS MANIFESTS IN NEW YORK STATE'S FAMILY LAW SYSTEM |
44 Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 76 (Fall, 2023) |
Good morning. My name is Hamra Ahmad, and I am the director of Law and Policy at Her Justice. I will introduce our panelists in just a moment. Over the past several years we have seen increased attention surrounding the devastating consequences of bias in the criminal justice system, and litigants, survivors, practitioners, and other stakeholders... |
2023 |
Rebecca C. Ying, Andrew M. Smith, Gary L. Wells, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University |
LAY (MIS)PERCEPTIONS OF SUSPECT-IDENTIFICATION ACCURACY FROM BIASED AND UNBIASED LINEUPS |
29 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 288 (August, 2023) |
Suspect identifications from unbiased lineups (fair lineups) are more accurate than suspect identifications from biased lineups (Wixted & Wells, 2017). We examined whether laypersons were sensitive to the fact that suspect-identification accuracy is higher for unbiased than for biased lineups. Laypersons were presented with biased and unbiased... |
2023 |
Allison E. Lloyd, Erika N. Fountain, Psychology Department, University of Maryland |
MEASURING TRANS YOUTHS' PERCEPTIONS OF POLICE AND POLICE BIAS: EXPLORING THE USE OF THE PERCEPTIONS OF POLICE SCALE |
29 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 336 (August, 2023) |
Recently there have been record-breaking increases in policies prohibiting, and even some proposals to criminalize, normative behavior of gender-diverse youth. These policies inherently expand law enforcement's surveillance of trans and gender-expansive youth. Despite this, we know very little about how trans and gender-expansive youth perceive the... |
2023 |
Max Londberg |
MENDES HERSHMAN WINNER ABSTRACT: "HIRING CRITERIA AND TITLE VII: HOW ONE MANIFESTATION OF EMPLOYER BIAS EVADES JUDICIAL SCRUTINY" |
2023-APR Business Law Today 1 (April, 2023) |
The Mendes Hershman Student Writing Contest is a highly regarded legal writing competition that encourages and rewards law students for their outstanding writing on business law topics. Papers are judged on research and analysis, choice of topic, writing style, originality, and contribution to the literature available on the topic. The... |
2023 |
Bethany O'Neill , Cresston Gackle , David Schultz |
MINNESOTA'S RACIALLY BIASED JURY POOLS AND HOW TO FIX THEM |
80-APR Bench and Bar of Minnesota 16 (April, 2023) |
Individuals accused of crimes are entitled to a trial before an impartial jury of their peers. This is a bedrock principle of American law, with origins that date to medieval England. The idea is embodied in the Sixth Amendment, which requires the pool from which a jury is drawn to reflect a representative cross-section of the community. Yet what... |
2023 |
Sasha Leonhardt, Christine M. Acree |
MORTGAGE REGULATION DEVELOPMENTS: COVID-19 ASSISTANCE AND APPRAISAL BIAS |
78 Business Lawyer 531 (Spring, 2023) |
Mortgage regulation developments continue apace with significant changes related to COVID-19 reverberations in parallel with a strong focus on appraisals, particularly regarding discrimination and biases, as well as standards for automated models. Although the country is emerging from the COVID-19 crisis, in several instances, federal regulators... |
2023 |
Brett V. Ries |
NOT UP FOR DELIBERATION: EXPANDING THE PEÑA-RODRIGUEZ PROTECTION TO COVER JURY BIAS AGAINST LGBTQ+ INDIVIDUALS |
72 Duke Law Journal 1567 (April, 2023) |
Discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals persists within the United States criminal justice system, which is no surprise given the history of LGBTQ+ discrimination in the United States. Evidence of jurors convicting LGBTQ+ defendants--or, in some extreme cases, sentencing them to death--because of the defendant's queer identity is especially... |
2023 |
Sophia Iams |
PATENTLY BIASED: A DISCUSSION OF HISTORICAL AND SYSTEMIC CAUSES OF RACIAL DISPARITY IN PATENT LAW |
27 University of San Francisco Intellectual Property and Technology Law Journal 199 (Spring, 2023) |
This article addresses the racial disparity in patenting rates through a holistic discussion of the potential causes of bias introduced in the patent system. A nearly twenty-five percent decreased likelihood of securing a patent excluding factors other than race is an unacceptable form of discrimination. Prohibitively high costs for patent... |
2023 |
Nora G. McNeil |
PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE BIASES IN THE UPTAKE OF POLICE BODY-WORN CAMERA FOOTAGE: IMPLICATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR INTRODUCTION OF VIDEO EVIDENCE AT TRIAL |
41 Quinnipiac Law Review 499 (2023) |
I. Introduction. 500 II. Perceptual and Cognitive Biases. 504 A. Camera Perspective Bias. 505 1. Camera Perspective Bias: Foundational Research and Principles. 506 2. Illusory Causation. 509 3. Salience. 511 4. Attention. 513 5. Memory-Based and Perceptual-Based Cognition. 518 6. Self-Imagery. 521 B. The Effect of Movement and Motion Blur. 524 C.... |
2023 |
Jacqueline Katzman, Margaret Bull Kovera, Department of Psychology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York |
POTENTIAL CAUSES OF RACIAL DISPARITIES IN WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS BASED ON MISTAKEN IDENTIFICATIONS: OWN-RACE BIAS AND DIFFERENCES IN EVIDENCE-BASED SUSPICION |
47 Law and Human Behavior 23 (February, 2023) |
Objective: We explored whether racial disparities in evidence-based suspicion (i.e., evidence of guilt prior to placement in a lineup) provide a better explanation of racial disparities in exonerations based on eyewitness misidentification than the own-race bias in eyewitness identifications. Hypotheses: We predicted that the own-race bias in... |
2023 |
Kate Abramowitz, Amy Bradfield Douglass, Department of Psychology, Bates College |
RACIAL BIAS IN JURY SELECTION HURTS MOCK JURORS, NOT JUST DEFENDANTS: TESTING ONE POTENTIAL INTERVENTION |
47 Law and Human Behavior 153 (February, 2023) |
Objectives: Prosecutors often use race as a basis for excluding Black jurors in cases with Black defendants. The current research tested whether this practice influences juror attitudes (Study 1). It also tested an intervention to prevent racially biased jury selection (Study 2). Hypotheses: We predicted that participants exposed to the exclusion... |
2023 |
Christina Silva , Kea S. Noyan |
RECOGNIZING AND AVOIDING BIAS IN WORKPLACE INVESTIGATIONS |
345-DEC New Jersey Lawyer, the Magazine 22 (December, 2023) |
Investigations into allegations of employee misconduct require investigator neutrality to obtain facts that are objective, fair, complete, and accurate, and to facilitate fact-based decisions by an employer. If bias or the appearance of bias governs the investigation, decisions will not be a result of objective case deliberation but rather a result... |
2023 |
Mary Nicol Bowman |
SEEKING JUSTICE: PROSECUTION STRATEGIES FOR AVOIDING RACIALLY BIASED CONVICTIONS |
32 Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 515 (Spring, 2023) |
Common rhetorical techniques used by prosecutors, even those who reject racially prejudiced beliefs, are likely to trigger jurors' implicit biases. Current case law and ethical rules set up well-intentioned prosecutors by obscuring the racial bias embedded in this rhetoric and the likely impact of coded language on jurors. In 2020, however,... |
2023 |
Samuel Vincent Jones |
SEXUALIZED POLICE VIOLENCE AND BIAS: ARE BLACK MALES MOST VULNERABLE? |
56 UIC Law Review 627 (Winter 2023) |
It is sometimes mistakenly thought that the black male experience represents a mere racial variation on the white male experience and that black men suffer from discrimination only because they are black. Conceptualizing separate over-lapping black and male categories has sometimes interfered with the recognition that certain distinctive features... |
2023 |
Jennifer S. Fan |
STARTUP BIASES |
56 U.C. Davis Law Review 1423 (April, 2023) |
This Article provides an original descriptive account of bias in the startup context and explains why litigation is eschewed and what happens when it is used as a mechanism to combat bias in the venture capital ecosystem. Further, this Article identifies two particular phenomena in the startup context that exacerbate gender and racial bias. First,... |
2023 |
Emily A. Kline |
STOLEN VOICES: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING IMPLICIT GENDER BIAS IN THE LEGAL PROFESSION |
30 UCLA Journal of Gender & Law 21 (Summer, 2023) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 22 I. Women's Struggle to Achieve Parity in the Legal Profession. 27 II. The Role of Implicit Gender Bias. 31 III. Decades of Linguistical Studies Have Charted the Differences in Communication Styles Between Men and Women. 34 A. Gendered Oral Communication. 35 B. Gendered Written Communication. 38 C. The Feminist... |
2023 |
Kim Diana Connolly, Elisa Lackey |
THE BUFFALO MODEL: AN APPROACH TO ABA STANDARD 303(C)'S EXPLORATION OF BIAS, CROSS-CULTURAL COMPETENCY, AND ANTIRACISM IN CLINICAL & EXPERIENTIAL LAW |
70 Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 71 (2023) |
Clinical courses expose students not only to lawyering skills but also the essential values of the legal profession: provision of competent representation; promotion of justice, fairness, and morality; continuing improvement of the profession; and professional self-development. This Article offers an early analysis of ABA Standard 303(c) following... |
2023 |
Courtney Garrett |
THE MUFFLED VOICE OF MINORITY LAW STUDENTS: HOW LAW JOURNALS HAVE SUCCUMBED TO UNSOLICITED BIASES AND LIMITED THE PROGRESSION OF DIVERSITY IN LAW SCHOOLS |
24 Rutgers Race & the Law Review 185 (2023) |
What does it take to be a published law student in America's current system? The answer: a selection from a journal cabinet which normally consists of current students at the journal's respective law school. The overall process is supervised by a faculty member to ensure that the operation is following the school's standards. However, why would... |
2023 |
Masai McDougall |
UNDERSTANDING BIAS IN CIVIL PROCEDURE: TOWARDS AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURAL RULE-MAKING'S ROLE IN CONTINUING INEQUALITY |
75 Rutgers University Law Review 455 (Winter, 2023) |
This Article uses the history of procedural rules governing freedom suits to elucidate the collection of rights that constitute the Western idea of individual liberty, and to make a prima facie case that our current Rules of Civil Procedure are biased against the enforcement of those rights by American minorities. This history reveals a... |
2023 |
Amanda Peters |
WHAT TORRES v. MADRID REVEALS ABOUT FACT BIAS IN CIVIL RIGHTS CASES |
50 Florida State University Law Review 569 (Spring, 2023) |
Introduction. 570 I. Pleading Hurdles Lead to Factual Hurdles. 574 II. Judicial Bias in Civil Rights Cases. 577 III. Judicial Bias Leads to Fact Bias: Torres v. Madrid. 580 A. The Legal Claims. 581 B. The Plaintiff's Facts. 582 C. The Defendants' Facts. 584 1. Officer Janice Madrid. 584 2. Sergeant Jeff Smith. 586 3. Officer Richard Williamson.... |
2023 |
Brittany Eckard |
WITH GREAT POWER COMES GREAT RESPONSIBILITY: A PROPOSAL FOR COMPREHENSIVE REGULATION OF ALGORITHMS IN HEALTHCARE TO MITIGATE BIAS |
26 Quinnipiac Health Law Journal 69 (2023) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 71 I. Overview of Current Use in Healthcare. 74 a. General Overview. 74 b. Use to Determine Access to Services. 74 c. Use to Determine Insurance Rate and Availability. 76 II. Privacy Concerns. 79 a. Information Obtained Without Meaningful Informed Consent. 79 b. Black Box Algorithms. 81 III. Bias Concerns. 83... |
2023 |
Darren Lenard Hutchinson |
"CONTINUALLY REMINDED OF THEIR INFERIOR POSITION": SOCIAL DOMINANCE, IMPLICIT BIAS, CRIMINALITY, AND RACE |
46 Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 23 (2014) |
The intersection of race and criminal law and enforcement has recently received considerable attention in US media, academic, and public policy discussions. Media outlets, for example, have extensively covered a series of incidents involving the killing of unarmed black males by law enforcement and private citizens. These cases include the killing... |
2022 |
Breann Nu'uhiwa |
"LANGUAGE IS NEVER ABOUT LANGUAGE": ELIMINATING LANGUAGE BIAS IN FEDERAL EDUCATION LAW TO FURTHER INDIGENOUS RIGHTS |
37 University of Hawaii Law Review 381 (Spring, 2015) |
Language is power, life and the instrument of culture, the instrument of domination and liberation. -Angela Carter Before infants utter their first words or learn to assign meaning to speech, they develop preferences for those who speak their native languages in native accents. As children move into the preschool environment, language differences... |
2022 |