| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Key Terms |
| Karen L. Ross |
COMBATTING RACISM: WOULD REPEALING TITLE VII BRING EQUALITY TO ALL? |
21 Seton Hall Legislative Journal 141 (1997) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 141 II. AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW. 144 A. The Social Climate. 144 B. The Legal Issues. 147 III. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964. 150 IV. PROPOSALS TO REPEAL TITLE VII OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964. 153 A. Richard A. Epstein's Free Market Analysis. 154 B. Derrick E. Bell's Racial Preference Licensing Act. 160 V.... |
1997 |
|
| Harry Hutchison |
FROM BUJUMBURA TO MOGADISHU: ETHNIC SOLIDARITY, AFRICAN REALITY, AMERICAN IMPLICATIONS: OUT OF AMERICA: A BLACK MAN CONFRONTS AFRICA, BY KEITH B. RICHBURG. NEW YORK: BASIC BOOKS, 1997. PP. 251. $24.00 (HARDCOVER). |
31 George Washington Journal of International Law and Economics 141 (1997) |
We've got rooms full of people with their heads cut off. Their bodies follow behind. Rooms full of people with packaged thoughts, and reality redesigned. Unrestrained people with guns to accent their constipated sentiment. And vision is fraught with ambiguity in a decapitated society. ------Jan Krist We are often the captives of our pictures of the... |
1997 |
|
| Mitchell Keiter |
JUST SAY NO EXCUSE: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE INTOXICATION DEFENSE |
87 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 482 (Winter 1997) |
On perhaps no other legal issue have courts so widely differed, or so often changed their views, as that of the legal responsibility of intoxicated offenders. The question contrasts the individual's right to avoid punishment for the unintended consequences of his acts with what then-New Hampshire Supreme Court Justice David Souter described as the... |
1997 |
|
| Becky Hoover Herrnstein |
SHANNON FAULKNER AND THE CITADEL: THE EFFECTS OF USING LITIGATION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SOCIAL REFORM |
5 Circles: Buffalo Women's Journal of Law and Social Policy 4 (1997) |
In the battle against institutionalized gender discrimination, one of the most effective weapons used during the last twenty years has been the test case, whereby the cause of women as a class is advanced through legal actions instituted by individual plaintiffs. This strategy of using lengthy, expensive, high-profile cases to fight discrimination... |
1997 |
|
| Douglas E. Litowitz |
SOME CRITICAL THOUGHTS ON CRITICAL RACE THEORY |
72 Notre Dame Law Review 503 (1997) |
Critical Race Theory (CRT) is perhaps the fastest growing and most controversial movement in recent legal scholarship, stirring up debate in much the same manner Critical Legal Studies (CLS) did fifteen or twenty years ago. Although CRT was inspired in part by the failure of CLS to focus sufficiently on racial issues, it remains indebted in style... |
1997 |
|
| David B. Wilkins |
STRAIGHTJACKETING PROFESSIONALISM: A COMMENT ON RUSSELL |
95 Michigan Law Review 795 (February, 1997) |
Professor Russell's essay sounds a much needed cautionary note about the public's characterization of Christopher Darden and Johnnie Cochran both during and after the spectacle of O.J. Simpson's criminal trial. Russell cogently argues that Darden and Cochran's choices, as well as those of other black lawyers confronting similar problems, must be... |
1997 |
|
| R. Richard Banks |
"NONDISCRIMINATORY" PERPETUATION OF RACIAL SUBORDINATION |
76 Boston University Law Review 669 (October, 1996) |
Colorblindness is currently the fundamental principle of equal protection jurisprudence as it pertains to race. As a constitutional principle, colorblindness mandates that the state not allocate burdens or benefits on the basis of race. I contend that both the legal and political arguments for a colorblind state turn in part on its perceived... |
1996 |
|
| Glenn C. Loury |
INDIVIDUALISM BEFORE MULTICULTURALISM |
19 Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 723 (Spring, 1996) |
Since the Founding, America has struggled to incorporate the descendants of African slaves into an estate of equal citizenship. This process, though well advanced, remains incomplete. How shall we make further progress? To answer this question, we must first decide who we are. Who we are sometimes depends on who is talking and to whom. In our... |
1996 |
|
| Barbara Holden-Smith |
LYNCHING, FEDERALISM, AND THE INTERSECTION OF RACE AND GENDER IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA |
8 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 31 (1996) |
In 1904, a lynch mob of more than 1000 white people burned Luther Holbert, a black Mississippi sharecropper, and his wife to death. A Vicksburg, Mississippi newspaper gave the following eye-witness account of the lynching: [T]he two Negroes were tied to trees and while the funeral pyres were being prepared, they were forced to hold out their... |
1996 |
|
| Cynthia Kwei Yung Lee |
RACE AND SELF-DEFENSE: TOWARD A NORMATIVE CONCEPTION OF REASONABLENESS |
81 Minnesota Law Review 367 (December, 1996) |
Introduction. 368 I. The Law of Self-Defense. 377 A. Traditional Self-Defense Doctrine. 377 1. The Objective-Subjective Debate. 381 B. Attempts to Improve Traditional Self-Defense Doctrine. 391 1. The Model Penal Code Approach to Self-Defense. 391 2. Imperfect Self-Defense Doctrine. 395 II. Race And Reasonableness. 398 A. The Black-as-Criminal... |
1996 |
|
| Michelle Adams |
SEPARATE AND [UN]EQUAL: HOUSING CHOICE, MOBILITY, AND EQUALIZATION IN THE FEDERALLY SUBSIDIZED HOUSING PROGRAM |
71 Tulane Law Review 413 (December, 1996) |
The history of racial discrimination and inequality in the federally subsidized housing program is extensive and well-documented. For a number of years, commentators have sought to identify types of systemic housing discrimination and determine appropriate remedies for it. Advocates of two commonly discussed methods of remediation--spatial equality... |
1996 |
|
| Andrew D. Leipold |
THE DANGERS OF RACE-BASED JURY NULLIFICATION: A RESPONSE TO PROFESSOR BUTLER |
44 UCLA Law Review 109 (October, 1996) |
Introduction. 109 I. A Building with No Foundation. 112 A. Misreading the Evidence. 112 B. Misreading History. 120 II. The Wrong Incentives. 128 A. Jurors, Defendants, and Communities. 128 B. Police, Prosecutors, and Legislatures. 132 III. The Wrong Messages. 135 Conclusion. 140 |
1996 |
|
| Dorothy E. Roberts |
THE PRIORITY PARADIGM: PRIVATE CHOICES AND THE LIMITS OF EQUALITY |
57 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 363 (Winter 1996) |
I. Introduction: Racial Conflict in the Twenty-First Century. 363 II. The Priority Paradigm. 368 A.Preferring Liberty to Equality. 368 B.The Priority Paradigm and the Sufficiency of Racial Progress. 371 C.The Priority Paradigm and Discriminatory Intent. 373 III. The Priority Paradigm in Operation. 375 A.Protecting White Employees' Vested Interests.... |
1996 |
|
| Robert L. Hayman, Jr. , Nancy Levit |
THE TALES OF WHITE FOLK: DOCTRINE, NARRATIVE, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF RACIAL REALITY |
84 California Law Review 377 (March, 1996) |
Ask your own soul what it would say if the next census were to report that half of black America was dead and the other half dying. Black America, some people said, was dying. And they wondered what they would hear in the souls of white folk when white America heard the news. Part of the story, perhaps, was told in June 1995, by the Supreme Court... |
1996 |
|
| Carol R. Goforth |
'WHAT IS SHE?' HOW RACE MATTERS AND WHY IT SHOULDN'T |
46 DePaul Law Review 1 (Fall 1996) |
Introduction. 3 I. The Legitimacy of Racial Classifications: What Does It Mean to Identify Someone as Black?. 11 A. The Biological Basis for Racial Classifications. 12 B. Societal Norms: Ethnicity and Culture as a Basis for Racial Classification. 16 II. Use of Racial Classifications in Adoption. 23 A. Introduction to Transracial Adoptions. 23 B.... |
1996 |
|
| Derrick Bell |
BLACK HISTORY AND AMERICA'S FUTURE |
29 Valparaiso University Law Review 1179 (Summer, 1995) |
A few years ago, I published a story, The Space Traders, that attempted to use an allegorical drama to illustrate what I view as the constant at risk status of black people in a society that now, as throughout the nation's history, has been willing to sacrifice black rights, black interests, and even black lives to enhance the status, further the... |
1995 |
|
| Paul Schoeman |
EASING THE FEAR OF TOO MUCH JUSTICE: A COMPROMISE PROPOSAL TO REVISE THE RACIAL JUSTICE ACT |
30 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 543 (Summer, 1995) |
More than a century has passed since the adoption of the civil rights amendments to the Constitution and three decades since the passage of the significant civil rights legislation of the 1960s. Using either legal landmark as a reference point, it is undeniable that Americans are less overtly racist than they used to be. Perhaps they are now... |
1995 |
|
| J. Clay Smith, Jr. |
IN FREEDOM'S BIRTHPLACE: THE MAKING OF GEORGE LEWIS RUFFIN, THE FIRST BLACK LAW GRADUATE OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY |
39 Howard Law Journal 201 (Fall 1995) |
Just what this country has in store to benefit or to startle the world in the future, no tongue can tell. We know full well the wonderful things which have occurred or have been accomplished here in the past, but the still more wonderful things which we may well say will happen in the centuries of development which lie before us, is vain... |
1995 |
|
| Daniel A. Farber |
POVERTY AND DISCRIMINATION: NOTES ON AMERICAN APARTHEID |
11 Constitutional Commentary 455 (Winter, 1994-1995) |
Issues involving race, poverty, and discrimination are the daily fare of constitutional scholars, yet few of us have time to keep up with the social science research on these topics. At erratic intervals, Constitutional Commentary has published brief updates on this research in the But Cf section. What follows is a contribution to this irregular... |
1995 |
|
| Rodney Thaxton, Esq. , Lida Rodriguez-Taseff |
PROFESSIONALISM AND LIFE IN THE TRENCHES: THE CASE OF THE PUBLIC DEFENDER |
8 St. Thomas Law Review 185 (Fall, 1995) |
I would like to start with a little story. This actually happened during my employment at the Dade County Public Defender's office, when I was in juvenile court. There was this very bright young man who, having been arrested for stealing bicycles, was in detention. He had figured out an ingenious way to steal bicycles. He would go into the bicycle... |
1995 |
|
| Chaka M. Patterson |
RACE AND THE DEATH PENALTY: THE TENSION BETWEEN INDIVIDUALIZED JUSTICE AND RACIALLY NEUTRAL STANDARDS |
2 Texas Wesleyan Law Review 45 (Summer, 1995) |
This article discusses the tension between individualized justice and equality in death penalty cases, and how the defendant's race influences these decisions. Racially neutral standards ensure some notion of equality and fair treatment, but at the expense of losing individualization. This pressure is similar to the tension manifested in the... |
1995 |
|
| Paul Butler |
RACIALLY BASED JURY NULLIFICATION: BLACK POWER IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM |
105 Yale Law Journal 677 (December, 1995) |
Wonders do not confuse. We call them that And close the matter there. But common things surprise us. They accept the names we give with calm, and keep them. Easy-breathing then We brave our next small business. Well, behind Our backs they alter. How were we to know. Gwendolyn Brooks [T]he time that we're living in now is not an era where one who... |
1995 |
|
| Stephen B. Bright, Edward Chikofsky, Laurie Estrand, Harriet C. Ganson, Paul D. Kamenar, Robert E. Morin, William G. Otis, Jamin Raskin, Ira P. Robbins, Douglas G. Robinson, Diann Rust-Tierney, Charles F. Shilling, Andrew L. Sonner, Ronald J. Tabak, David |
THE DEATH PENALTY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY |
45 American University Law Review 239 (December, 1995) |
C1-3Table of Contents Introduction . 240 I. Opening Remarks -- Jamin Raskin . 242 II. The Death Penalty in the Twenty-First Century: Questions and Directions -- Ira P. Robbins . 243 III. Blackmun's Dissent: Has It Become the Majority Opinion? -- Panelists . 246 IV. Keynote Address: Capital Punishment and the Criminal Justice System: Courts of... |
1995 |
|
| Paul Finkelman |
"LET JUSTICE BE DONE, THOUGH THE HEAVENS MAY FALL": THE LAW OF FREEDOM |
70 Chicago-Kent Law Review 325 (1994) |
In May 1772 Lord Mansfield, Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench in England, heard preliminary arguments in the case of James Somerset, a Virginia slave who claimed his freedom under English common law. Charles Stewart, Somerset's master, wanted to send the slave to Jamaica to be sold. Somerset sought a writ of habeas corpus to escape this... |
1994 |
|
| Luke Charles Harris , Uma Narayan |
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND THE MYTH OF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT: A TRANSFORMATIVE CRITIQUE OF THE TERMS OF THE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION DEBATE |
11 Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal 1 (Spring, 1994) |
Today I know they have this thing called Affirmative Action. I can see why they need it. There are some places where colored folks would never, not in a thousand years, get a job. But you know what? I really am philosophically against it. I say: Let the best person get the job, period. Everybody's better off in the long run. Bessie Delany The new... |
1994 |
|
| Peggy Cooper Davis |
CONTESTED IMAGES OF FAMILY VALUES: THE ROLE OF THE STATE |
107 Harvard Law Review 1348 (April, 1994) |
Throughout the 1992 presidential election, the major United States political parties battled over a set of ideological issues loosely captured by the phrase family values. The parties were divided between what I will call the moral standards view and the moral independence view. In debates about family values, those who hold a moral standards... |
1994 |
|
| Jane L. Dolkart |
HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT HARASSMENT: EQUALITY, OBJECTIVITY, AND THE SHAPING OF LEGAL STANDARDS |
43 Emory Law Journal 151 (Winter, 1994) |
Teresa Harris is a Caucasian woman in her early forties who grew up in Nashville, Tennessee, where she completed her high school education. She has lived in Nashville ever since, working to help support her family and herself while raising her two sons. She certainly never expected to be the plaintiff in a sexual harassment case. But Teresa Harris... |
1994 |
|
| John D. Casais |
IGNORING THE HARM: THE SUPREME COURT, STIGMATIC INJURY, AND THE END OF SCHOOL DESEGREGATION |
14 Boston College Third World Law Journal 259 (Summer, 1994) |
At some point, these school authorities and others like them should have achieved full compliance with this Court's decision in Brown I. But when does the transition end, and how will we know that point when we see it? As the 1990s began, some eight hundred school systems in the United States were under court supervision because school authorities... |
1994 |
|
| Naomi Mezey |
LEGAL RADICALS IN MADONNA'S CLOSET: THE INFLUENCE OF IDENTITY POLITICS, POPULAR CULTURE, AND A NEW GENERATION ON CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES |
46 Stanford Law Review 1835 (July, 1994) |
In this book note, Naomi Mezey explores both the content and the context of Sexy Dressing Etc.: Essays on the Power and Politics of Cultural Identity, by Duncan Kennedy, a leading figure in the critical legal studies (CLS) movement. Ms. Mezey sees Kennedy as engaged in two related projects: first, responding to criticisms of CLS by feminist and... |
1994 |
|
| Aremona G. Bennett |
PHANTOM FREEDOM: OFFICIAL ACCEPTANCE OF VIOLENCE TO PERSONAL SECURITY AND SUBVERSION OF PROPRIETARY RIGHTS AND AMBITIONS FOLLOWING EMANCIPATION, 1865-1910 |
70 Chicago-Kent Law Review 439 (1994) |
In the wake of the Civil War, local law enforcement measures, legislative enactments, and judicial decisions in the slaveholding states of the South frustrated the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment adopted two years later. At the federal judicial level, a policy of nonintervention against randomized lawlessness and its... |
1994 |
|
| Daniel W. Van Ness |
PRESERVING A COMMUNITY VOICE: THE CASE FOR HALF-AND-HALF JURIES IN RACIALLY-CHARGED CRIMINAL CASES |
28 John Marshall Law Review 1 (Fall 1994) |
What is the role of the jury in a criminal trial? Does it protect the individual defendant from arbitrary action by the sovereign? Does it add lay experience and insight to a formalistic and technical legal process? Or does it assert and protect the interests of the general community in a legal dispute in which the official parties are the... |
1994 |
|
| Richard Delgado |
RODRIGO'S EIGHTH CHRONICLE: BLACK CRIME, WHITE FEARS--ON THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THREAT |
80 Virginia Law Review 503 (March, 1994) |
I was staring disconsolately at the flashing light on the vending machine in the student lounge, where I had gone in search of a much-needed late afternoon pick-me-up, when I heard a familiar voice from behind me: Professor, do you need some help? Rodrigo! I said. It's good to see you. To tell the truth, I felt slightly uncomfortable at being... |
1994 |
|
| Colin Crawford |
STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: RETHINKING CERCLA MEDICAL MONITORING LAWSUITS |
74 Boston University Law Review 267 (March 1, 1994) |
I. Introduction . 268 A. Background . 268 B. Lawyers' Belated Response . 272 C. Rethinking CERCLA Medical Monitoring Lawsuits . 273 D. The Usefulness of the Medical Monitoring Lawsuit . 274 II. The Failure of Equal Protection Challenges . 279 A. Case Law . 279 1. Bean v. Southwestern Waste Management Corp. . 280 2. East Bibb Twiggs Neighborhood... |
1994 |
|
| Eva S. Nilsen |
THE CRIMINAL DEFENSE LAWYER'S RELIANCE ON BIAS AND PREJUDICE |
8 Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics 1 (Fall, 1994) |
Criminal defense lawyers are frequently required to utilize legal strategies that are morally repugnant because they perpetuate racial, gender, or cultural stereotypes. They know that legal and factual argument often persuades to the degree it piggybacks on the existing prejudices of a listener. A lawyer may, for example, explain or mitigate a... |
1994 |
|
| Claire L. Hasler |
THE PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ACT: "I HAVE A (GREEN) DREAM" |
17 University of Puget Sound Law Review 417 (Winter 1994) |
In June 1992, former Senator Albert Gore and Representative John Lewis introduced legislation into the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives entitled the Environmental Justice Act of 1992. This legislation was the outgrowth of a long list of protests, studies, and cases involving a phenomenon known as environmental racism. The proposed... |
1994 |
|
| Twila L. Perry |
THE TRANSRACIAL ADOPTION CONTROVERSY: AN ANALYSIS OF DISCOURSE AND SUBORDINATION |
21 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 33 (1993-1994) |
L1-2Introduction 34 I. Overview of Transracial Adoption and the Perspectives on Transracial Adoption . 41 A. Transracial Adoption . 41 B. Colorblind Individualism vs. Color and Community Consciousness . 43 C. Sources of the Perspectives: Racial Histories and Racial Narratives . 47 II. Influence of the Perspectives on the Transracial Adoption... |
1994 |
|
| Evelyn Wilson |
COMMENTS ON "AN OPEN LETTER TO JUSTICE CLARENCE THOMAS FROM A FEDERAL JUDICIAL COLLEAGUE" |
20 Southern University Law Review 141 (Spring, 1993) |
On June 27, 1991, Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall of the United States Supreme Court announced his resignation from the Court. Four days later, President Bush recommended a successor, Judge Clarence Thomas of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. Justice Marshall had been appointed to the Court in 1967 by President Lyndon B. Johnson and... |
1993 |
|
| Kendra Meinert |
CRIMINAL INJUSTICE: CONTINUING RACIAL INEQUITIES IN DEATH PENALTY SENTENCING |
22 Southwestern University Law Review 1177 (1993) |
If a black man kill a white man, that be first degree murder; if a white man kill a white man, that be second degree murder; if a black man kill a black man, that be manslaughter; but if a white man kill a black man, that be excusable homicideunless a woman was involved, in which case the black man died of apoplexy. I. Introduction A. Recent... |
1993 |
|
| Pamela Duncan |
ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: RECOGNITION, LITIGATION, AND ALLEVIATION |
6 Tulane Environmental Law Journal 317 (Summer, 1993) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 318 II. DEFINING THE PROBLEM. 322 A. What is Environmental Racism?. 322 B. Growing Statistical Evidence. 325 1. Effective Studies of Environmental Discrimination. 325 2. The GAO Study. 327 3. Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States. 329 4. The Causes of Environmental Racism. 333 III. LEGAL TREATMENT OF THE PROBLEM. 338 A.... |
1993 |
|
| Nancy E. Dowd |
LIBERTY vs. EQUALITY: IN DEFENSE OF PRIVILEGED WHITE MALES |
429 (Winter, 1993) |
This book is disturbing in more ways than I can count. Grounded in libertarianism and law-and-economics, its thesis is that the principles of choice and freedom of association outweigh equality and justice, justifying the abolition of private employment discrimination law and the imposition of severe limitations on public employment discrimination... |
1993 |
|
| Peggy Cooper Davis |
NEGLECTED STORIES AND THE LAWFULNESS OF ROE V. WADE |
28 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 299 (Summer, 1993) |
The Constitution of the United States does not contain the word family. It makes no mention of marriage, parenting, procreation, contraception or abortion. People nonetheless invoke the Constitution when rights of family are threatened. When interracial couples were told that they could not marry, they appealed to the United States Supreme Court.... |
1993 |
|
| John Charles Boger |
RACE AND THE AMERICAN CITY: THE KERNER COMMISSION IN RETROSPECT--AN INTRODUCTION |
71 North Carolina Law Review 1289 (June, 1993) |
During the mid-1960s, powerful social, economic, and political forces thrust urban issues to the center of national attention, in a context emphasizing the interrelationship between race, poverty, and urban ills. One major contributor to this redefinition of American urban problems was the civil rights movement. The movement, which captured... |
1993 |
|
| Adrien Katherine Wing , Sylke Merchan |
RAPE, ETHNICITY, AND CULTURE: SPIRIT INJURY FROM BOSNIA TO BLACK AMERICA |
25 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 1 (Fall, 1993) |
The recent armed conflict in the former Yugoslav republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina has brought the issue of systematic, wide-spread rapes of civilian women in times of war to the attention of the world community. This Article examines the intersection of rape, ethnicity, and culture in the Bosnian context. Rape, which is pervasive in Bosnia,... |
1993 |
|
| Adeno Addis |
RECYCLING IN HELL |
67 Tulane Law Review 2253 (June, 1993) |
So we stand here/On the edge of hell/In Harlem/And look out on the world/And wonder/What we're gonna do/In the face of/What we remember. -Langston Hughes To most Americans, both black and white, the outcome of the jury deliberation in the first Rodney King case was manifestly unjust. I think it might be accurate to say, however, that the decision... |
1993 |
|
| A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr. |
SEEKING PLURALISM IN JUDICIAL SYSTEMS: THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AND THE SOUTH AFRICAN CHALLENGE |
42 Duke Law Journal 1028 (March, 1993) |
C1-2Table of Contents L1-2Introduction 1030 I. The Public Perception Problems of an Unrepresentative Judiciary. 1033 A. The Public's Perception of the Judiciary. 1035 B. The Judiciary's Problem of Perception of the Public, or The Prejudices Judges Share with Their Fellow Men'. 1040 II. The Outgrowths of Prejudice in the Judicial Systems of the... |
1993 |
|
| K.G. Jan Pillai |
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: IN SEARCH OF A NATIONAL POLICY |
2 Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review 1 (Fall, 1992) |
I. Introduction II. The Test of Constitutionality A. The Philosophical Underpinnings B. Impact on Innocent Parties: The Decisive Factor C. The Limited Variety of Permissible Burdens D. Uncertain Attributes of Permissible Burdens III. Limiting Affirmative Action to Strictly Remedial Purposes A. Race-Conscious Preferences Only to Blacks B. Hispanics... |
1992 |
|
| Donald P. Judges |
BAYONETS FOR THE WOUNDED: CONSTITUTIONAL PARADIGMS AND DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOODS |
19 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 599 (Spring, 1992) |
Introduction. 601 I. Equality Principles, Negative Rights. 605 A. Negative Rights, Entitlements, and State Action. 606 1. Negative Rights. 607 2. Entitlements. 613 3. State Action. 615 B. Equality of Educational Opportunity. 620 1. School Finance Cases. 620 2. Desegregation Cases. 623 C. The Paradigm as Problem. 628 II. Affirmative Action and... |
1992 |
|
| Richard Delgado , Jean Stefancic |
IMAGES OF THE OUTSIDER IN AMERICAN LAW AND CULTURE: CAN FREE EXPRESSION REMEDY SYSTEMIC SOCIAL ILLS? |
77 Cornell Law Review 1258 (September, 1992) |
Conventional First Amendment doctrine is beginning to show signs of strain. Outsider groups and women argue that free speech law inadequately protects them against certain types of harm. Further, on a theoretical level, some scholars are questioning whether free expression can perform the lofty functions of community-building and... |
1992 |
|
| Erin Edmonds |
MAPPING THE TERRAIN OF OUR RESISTANCE: A WHITE FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE ON THE ENFORCEMENT OF RAPE LAW |
9 Harvard BlackLetter Journal 43 (Spring, 1992) |
Women, all women, are accountable for racism continuing to divide us. bell hooks When I first set out to write a paper on the enforcement of rape law from a white feminist's point of view, I had no idea what grief awaited me. Bruised, battered, and violated bodies polluted the crisp, droning rape statutesbodies of women, Black and white and in... |
1992 |
|
| Patrick M. Fahey |
PAYNE v. TENNESSEE: AN EYE FOR AN EYE AND THEN SOME |
25 Connecticut Law Review 205 (Fall, 1992) |
Let not the dry dust that drinks the black blood of citizens through passion for revenge and bloodshed for bloodshed be given our state to prey upon. Let them render grace for grace. Let love be their common will; let them hate with single heart. In Booth v. Maryland and South Carolina v. Gathers, the Supreme Court, relying on its Eighth Amendment... |
1992 |
|