AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Terms
Lily Talerman NAME AND SHAME: HOW INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE ALLOWS CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS TO INCORPORATE HUMAN RIGHTS NORMS INTO AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE 17 Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy Sidebar 303 (4/8/2022) The United States has ratified international human rights treaties sparingly. Where it has ratified, it has provided such a large number of reservations that the treaties' domestic effects are effectively nullified. Even though international human rights law has not been directly incorporated into American jurisprudence, however, international... 2022  
Clifford J. Villa NO "BOX TO BE CHECKED": ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN MODERN LEGAL PRACTICE 30 New York University Environmental Law Journal 157 (2022) For nearly thirty years, environmental justice has been part of our civic conversation and included in the mission of federal agencies. But while public attention to environmental justice has waxed and waned over time, environmental justice principles have endured and developed into rules of law. This development may be expected to continue and... 2022  
Luma Khabbaz NO TURNING BACK: A PROGRESSIVE APPLICATION OF STAND YOUR GROUND LAWS TO REMOVE THE DUTY TO RETREAT FOR WOMEN WHO KILL ABUSERS OUT OF SELF-DEFENSE 37 Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender & Society 215 (Fall, 2022) Stand Your Ground laws gained mainstream attention after George Zimmerman shot and killed Trayvon Martin, a Black teenager, in Florida. However, Stand Your Ground laws are neither new nor unique to Florida or other conservative states. Thirty-nine states remove the duty to retreat from self-defense law in some way through statute, case law, or jury... 2022  
Mark Conrad NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS, SPORTS, AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW ISSUES: A CASE STUDY APPLYING COPYRIGHT, TRADEMARK, AND RIGHT OF PUBLICITY LAW TO A NON-TRADITIONAL OWNERSHIP VEHICLE 32 Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 132 (2022) Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are a recent addition to the cryptocurrency universe and have attracted the attention of different stakeholders in the sports world over the last two years. Because they can identify and authenticate particular content, NFTs have become a hot commodity among collectors and investors, in some cases selling for millions... 2022  
Erin C. Carroll OBSTRUCTION OF JOURNALISM 99 Denver Law Review 407 (Spring, 2022) Identifying oneself as press--with a badge on a lanyard, label on a helmet, or sign on a car--used to be a near-grant of immunity. It meant safer passage through dangerous terrain. But today, being recognizable as a journalist may be more likely to make one a target. Physical assaults against journalists in the United States increased nearly 1,400%... 2022  
Alex B. Long OF PROSECUTORS AND PREJUDICE (OR "DO PROSECUTORS HAVE AN ETHICAL OBLIGATION NOT TO SAY RACIST STUFF ON SOCIAL MEDIA?") 55 U.C. Davis Law Review 1717 (February, 2022) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 1719 I. The Special Role of Prosecutors and Public Perception of the Criminal Justice System. 1725 II. The Rules of Professional Conduct and Extra-prosecutorial Speech Manifesting Bias. 1729 A. Rule 3.8: Special Responsibilities of a Prosecutor. 1729 B. Rule 8.4(g): Discrimination. 1730 C. Rule 8.4(d): Conduct... 2022  
Bryan Borodkin OFFICER-CREATED JEOPARDY AND REASONABLENESS REFORM: REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION OF UNREASONABLENESS WITHIN 42 U.S.C. § 1983 POLICE USE OF FORCE CLAIMS 55 University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 919 (Summer, 2022) This Note analyzes the current state of civil law surrounding police use of excessive force, highlighting the evolution of the objective reasonableness test employed in civil police use of force lawsuits brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This Note also discusses the role that social movements and surveillance technologies have played in furthering... 2022  
Khaled A. Beydoun ON TERRORISTS AND FREEDOM FIGHTERS 136 Harvard Law Review Forum 1 (10/20/2022) The Russian invasion of Ukraine in late March of 2022 ushered in a new chapter of war on the European continent. For a Russian regime intent on actualizing its imperial vison and an accosted Ukranian community fighting in the name of self-determination, this war is far more than a theater of war. Ukraine evolved into real-time drama for racial... 2022  
William J. Aceves ON THE MEANING OF COLOR AND THE END OF WHITE(NESS) 17 Harvard Law & Policy Review 79 (Summer, 2022) This Article explores the history of the term people of color and its current status in a country struggling to overcome its racist origins. The murders of Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and so many other victims of state violence have generated profound anger, calls for action, and demands for dialogue. It is... 2022  
John A. Powell OVERCOMING TOXIC POLARIZATION: LESSONS IN EFFECTIVE BRIDGING 40 Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality 247 (Summer, 2022) Our world is in the throes of multiple global crises, from the Covid-19 pandemic to the onset of climate change. These crises have revealed deep dysfunctions in our societies. Undergirding these dysfunctions is widening political, economic, and social polarization. Polarization has intensified to such a degree that it now constitutes what political... 2022  
Meera E. Deo PANDEMIC PRESSURES ON FACULTY 170 University of Pennsylvania Law Review Online 127 (2022) L1-2Introduction . L3127 I The PELA Study. 129 II. Data on Worsening Inequities. 132 A. Prioritizing Students. 133 B. Scholarly (Un)Productivity. 135 C. Mental Health Effects. 137 III. The Continuum of Barriers. 139 L1-2Conclusion . L3142 2022  
Amy F. Kimpel PAYING FOR A CLEAN RECORD 112 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 439 (Summer, 2022) Prosecutors and courts often charge a premium for the ability to avoid or erase a criminal conviction. Defendants with means, who tend to be predominantly White, can often pay for a clean record. But the indigent who are unable to pay, and are disproportionately Black and Brown, are saddled with the stigma of a criminal record. Diversion and... 2022  
Rebecca M. Fitz PEERING INTO PASSIVE ELECTIONEERING: PRESERVING THE SANCTITY OF OUR POLLING PLACES 58 Idaho Law Review 270 (2022) A century ago, our legislators took action to condemn voter intimidation, fraud, and violence occurring on Election Day. The concept of a neutral zone in polling places was implemented to protect the democratic values enshrined in our free and fair elections. In modern times, this policy interest is preserved in state statutes prohibiting... 2022  
GianCarlo Canaparo PERMISSIONS TO HATE: ANTIRACISM AND PLESSY 27 Texas Review of Law and Politics 97 (Fall, 2022) History, however, gives little support to the view that time automatically erodes racial aversions, fears, and animosities, or even tames the overt behavior based on such feelings. There has been no one-way movement toward improved group relations, but instead many detours, oscillations, and even severe backward movements. -Thomas Sowell Plessy... 2022  
Guyora Binder , Ekow N. Yankah POLICE KILLINGS AS FELONY MURDER 17 Harvard Law & Policy Review 157 (Summer, 2022) The widely applauded conviction of officer Derek Chauvin for the murder of George Floyd employed the widely criticized felony murder rule. Should we use felony murder as a tool to check discriminatory and violent policing? The authors object that felony murder--although perhaps the only murder charge available for this killing under Minnesota... 2022  
Konrad S. Lee , Laura Kent-Jensen POLITICS AND EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION 24 Atlantic Law Journal 236 (2022) On May 25, 2020, Minneapolis police officers arrested George Floyd, a 46-year-old Black man, after a convenience store clerk claimed he used a counterfeit $20 bill to buy cigarettes. Mr. Floyd died after Derek Chauvin, one of the police officers, handcuffed him and pinned him to the ground with a knee, an episode that was captured on video and... 2022  
Claire O. Finkelstein , Richard W. Painter PRESIDENTIAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND THE RULE OF LAW: CAN THE PRESIDENT CLAIM IMMUNITY IF HE SHOOTS SOMEONE ON FIFTH AVENUE? 24 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 93 (February, 2022) Can a sitting President be indicted while in office? This critical constitutional question has never been directly answered by any court or legislative body. The prevailing wisdom, however, is that, though he may be investigated, a sitting President is immune from actual prosecution. The concept of presidential immunity has hastened the erosion of... 2022  
Miguel F.P. de Figueiredo , Dane Thorley PRETRIAL DISPARITY AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF MONEY BAIL 81 Maryland Law Review 557 (2022) Catalyzed by the Black Lives Matter protests in 2020, support for criminal justice reform in the United States has become a groundswell, with reformers demanding an end to racial and socioeconomic disparities in all aspects of policing, prosecution, adjudication, and incarceration. While high-profile cases of police misconduct during arrest remain... 2022  
Katherine K. Carey PREVENTING TAM'S "PROUDEST BOAST" FROM PROTECTING THE PROUD BOYS: A RESPONSE TO FREE SPEECH ABSOLUTISM IN TRADEMARK LAW 71 Emory Law Journal 609 (2022) Recent events, including the infamous Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville in 2017 and the attack on the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, have brought the First Amendment, hate speech, and the resurgence of white nationalist rhetoric into the public eye. Throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, while much of the Western World and... 2022  
Meera E. Deo, JD, PhD PROGRESS AND BACKLASH IN OUR UNEQUAL PROFESSION 51 Southwestern Law Review 310 (2022) L1-2Table of Contents I. Progress. 312 A. Increased Scholarship on DEI in Legal Academia. 312 B. Academic Conferences Resisting Faculty Inequities.. 315 C. Institutional Efforts Toward Antiracism. 319 1. New Hiring Processes.. 320 2. Transparency for Tenure and Promotion. 321 3. Formal Mentorship. 322 4. Effective Student Evaluations.. 323 II.... 2022  
Itay Ravid , Amit Haim PROGRESSIVE ALGORITHMS 12 UC Irvine Law Review 527 (February, 2022) Our criminal justice system is broken. Problems of mass incarceration, racial disparities, and susceptibility to error are prevalent in all phases of the criminal process. Recently, two dominant trends that aspire to tackle these fundamental problems have emerged in the criminal justice system: progressive prosecution--a model of prosecution... 2022  
Marissa Jackson Sow PROTECT AND SERVE 110 California Law Review 743 (June, 2022) There exists a substantial body of literature on racism and brutality in policing, police reform and abolition, the militarization of the police, and the relationship of the police to the State and its citizenry. Many theories abound with respect to the relationship between the police and Black people in the United States, and most of these... 2022  
Peter Jacobs PROTESTS, THE PRESS, AND FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE "FLOYD CASELAW" 24 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 591 (April, 2022) CNN reporter Omar Jimenez was standing in the middle of an empty street, holding a microphone, wearing a press pass, and speaking directly into a professional-grade video camera when he was arrested by Minneapolis police officers. In footage of his arrest, presumably seen live by millions of households tuned in to CNN to watch coverage of the... 2022  
Chalana M. Scales-Ferguson, Esq. PUT SOME 'RESPEK' ON HER NAME: HOW RBG'S LEGACY CREATES SPACE FOR BLACK WOMEN IN THE PURSUIT OF EQUAL JUSTICE 43 Women's Rights Law Reporter 34 (Spring/Summer, 2022) With 2020 in our rearview mirrors, it is impossible to reflect on that year without remembering the many ways grief was experienced in American society, whether or not you felt the grief yourself. Just as we entered the second quarter of a year of presumed optimism, when many professed they would find clarity through 20/20 vision and find... 2022  
Daniel Rafferty QUALIFIED IMMUNITY: SCULPTING A STATUTE-ESQUE SOLUTION TO A JUDICIALLY CREATED POLICY 47 University of Dayton Law Review 105 (Winter, 2022) I. INTRODUCTION. 106 II. Background. 108 A. Origin of § 1983. 108 B. The Crossroads: Harlow v. Fitzgerald. 112 C. Qualified Immunity in the Wake of Harlow v. Fitzgerald. 113 III. Analysis. 116 A. 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Textual History from Enactment to Present. 116 B. 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Forecasted Evolution and Proposed Statutory Changes. 118 i. Ending... 2022  
Natè Simmons RACIAL CAPITALISM: COMPLEXITIES WITH ENFORCING CORPORATE COMMITMENTS TO END RACIAL INJUSTICE 55 UIC Law Review 519 (Fall, 2022) I. Introduction. 519 II. Background. 521 A. Corporate Pronouncements Committing to Diversity, Equity and Inclusion. 521 B. Colin Kaepernick's Protest for Racial Equality. 525 C. Corporate Gift Regulation. 528 D. Legislation on Diversifying Corporate Boards of Directors. 529 E. Tax Credits. 530 F. Racial Capitalism. 531 III. Analysis. 532 A.... 2022  
Allyson Crane RACIAL DISPARITIES IN MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT: HOW INDIANA MISSES THE MARK IN PROVIDING ACCESSIBLE AND QUALITY TREATMENT AMIDST THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC 19 Indiana Health Law Review 427 (2022) Doctors, organizations, and citizens have expressed the importance of mental health, equating its significance to physical health. Despite the numerous conversations about mental health, treatment continues to fall short. This is especially the case for people of color. People of color are at a significant disadvantage in terms of access to quality... 2022  
Yuvraj Joshi RACIAL JUSTICE AND PEACE 110 Georgetown Law Journal 1325 (June, 2022) The United States recently saw the largest racial justice protests in its history. An estimated 15 to 26 million people took to the streets over the police killings of Breonna Taylor, Tony McDade, George Floyd, and countless other Black people. This Article explores how these protests and their chants of No Justice! No Peace! should lead us to... 2022  
Matthew J. Parlow RACIAL PROTEST AND RACIAL PROGRESS IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS 31 Southern California Review of Law & Social Justice 239 (Spring, 2022) The summer of 2020 marked significant changes in society, as seen through worldwide protests and an accompanying movement to address social injustice and systemic racism in America. That movement was amplified by and within professional sports as players, teams, and leagues sought to contribute to the goals of anti-racism by working to build a more... 2022  
Lisa M. Fairfax RACIAL RHETORIC OR REALITY? CAUTIOUS OPTIMISM ON THE LINK BETWEEN CORPORATE #BLM SPEECH AND BEHAVIOR 2022 Columbia Business Law Review 118 (2022) The summer of 2022 marks the two-year anniversary of the dramatic rekindling of the #BlackLivesMatter movement because of the murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor and other unarmed Black people at the hands of police. The summer of 2020 saw cities in the United States and around the world erupt in protest, with calls to dismantle racist policies... 2022  
Lili Levi RACIALIZED, JUDAIZED, FEMINIZED: IDENTITY-BASED ATTACKS ON THE PRESS 20 First Amendment Law Review 147 (2022) The press is under a growing and dangerous form of attack through identity-based online harassment of journalists. Armies of online abusers are strategically using a variety of rhetorical tools (including references to lynching, the Holocaust, rape and dismemberment) to intimidate and silence non-white, non-male and non-Christian journalists. Such... 2022  
Maneka Sinha RADICALLY REIMAGINING FORENSIC EVIDENCE 73 Alabama Law Review 879 (2022) Introduction. 880 I. Abolition and Forensics in Context. 888 A. The Abolition Framework. 889 B. The Forensic System Today. 892 1. The Carceral Origins of Forensic Methods. 894 2. Carceral Culture in Forensics. 898 II. Forensic Science Reform Efforts. 904 A. Policy Reforms. 904 B. Legal Reforms. 908 1. The Change in Standards Governing Admissibility... 2022  
Nizan Geslevich Packin , Srinivas Nippani RANKING SEASON: COMBATING COMMERCIAL BANKS' SYSTEMIC DISCRIMINATION OF CONSUMERS 59 American Business Law Journal 123 (Spring, 2022) The recent disbursement of COVID-19 pandemic-related federal relief funds to businesses and individuals under the CARES Act exposed significant problems in the U.S. system of money and payments. U.S. banks' wealth maximization objectives clashed with the federal government's goals of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The discriminatory,... 2022  
Paul G. Rando RECONSTITUTING THE UNITED STATES: COULD AN ARTICLE V CONVENTION PREVENT THE NEXT JANUARY 6? 91 University of Cincinnati Law Review 562 (2022) [T]here is no place for violence in a democratic society dedicated to liberty under law .. What will finally unite Americans? A great crisis that leaves us no choice but to come together. During the year leading up to the 2020 presidential election, the United States was nearing a so-called plastic hour, a time when institutional inertia... 2022  
Marbre Stahly-Butts , Amna A. Akbar REFORMS FOR RADICALS? AN ABOLITIONIST FRAMEWORK 68 UCLA Law Review 1544 (February, 2022) This Article draws on prison abolitionist organizing, campaigns, and intellectual work around the country to offer a framework for thinking about radical reforms rooted in an abolitionist framework. A radical reform (1) shrinks the system doing harm; (2) relies on modes of political, economic, and social organization that contradict prevailing... 2022  
Lloyd Hitoshi Mayer REGULATING CHARITABLE CROWDFUNDING 97 Indiana Law Journal 1375 (Spring, 2022) Charitable crowdfunding is a global and rapidly growing new method for raising money to benefit charities and individuals in need. While mass fundraising has existed for hundreds of years, crowdfunding is distinguishable from those earlier efforts because of its low cost, speed of implementation, and broad reach. Reflecting these advantages, it now... 2022  
David A. Hyman, Charles Silver REGULATING HEALTH CARE: PERSPECTIVES FROM GOVERNMENT FAILURE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC 71 DePaul Law Review 361 (Spring, 2022) Health care is beset with an array of market failures (e.g., informational asymmetries, externalities, monopolization, and public goods). In theory, government can intervene to fix these market failures, allowing scarce resources to be devoted to their highest use at the lowest possible cost with the fewest possible distortions - thereby promoting... 2022  
René Reyes RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, RACIAL JUSTICE, AND DISCRIMINATORY IMPACTS: WHY THE EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE SHOULD BE APPLIED AT LEAST AS STRICTLY AS THE FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE 55 Indiana Law Review 275 (2022) This Article offers a critical comparative analysis of the Supreme Court's jurisprudence under the Free Exercise Clause and the Equal Protection Clause. In a number of recent cases, the Court has shown increasing solicitude for the rights of religious objectors and has upheld claims for exemptions from various laws--even in the absence of an intent... 2022  
Chris Gottlieb REMEMBERING WHO FOSTER CARE IS FOR: PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION AND OTHER MISCONCEPTIONS AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES IN FULTON v. CITY OF PHILADELPHIA 44 Cardozo Law Review 1 (October, 2022) The Supreme Court's opinion in Fulton v. City of Philadelphia, which held that a Catholic foster care agency could refuse to accept gay foster parents, and virtually all commentary on the case, are flawed by a profound misunderstanding of key aspects of the foster care system. The case's role in the broader culture war between religious rights... 2022  
Peter H. Huang RESISTANCE IS NOT FUTILE: CHALLENGING AAPI HATE 28 William and Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice 261 (Winter, 2022) This Article analyzes how to challenge AAPI (Asian American Pacific Islander) hate--defined as explicit negative bias in racial beliefs towards AAPIs. In economics, beliefs are subjective probabilities over possible outcomes. Traditional neoclassical economics view beliefs as inputs to making decisions with more accurate beliefs having indirect,... 2022  
Amanda Levendowski RESISTING FACE SURVEILLANCE WITH COPYRIGHT LAW 100 North Carolina Law Review 1015 (May, 2022) Face surveillance is animated by deep-rooted demographic and deployment biases that endanger marginalized communities and threaten the privacy of all. But current approaches have not prevented its adoption by law enforcement. Some companies have offered voluntary moratoria on selling the technology, leaving many others to fill in the gaps.... 2022  
Matthew Spencer RESTRUCTURING ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION OPTIONS TO IMPROVE POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY 13 Alabama Civil Rights & Civil Liberties Law Review 145 (2021-2022) I. Introduction. 145 II. Existing Structures of Accountability in Policing. 149 A. Civil Rights Lawsuits under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 149 B. Consent Decrees from the U.S. Department of Justice. 152 C. Police Arbitration. 159 III. Additional Concerns Surrounding Police Self-Regulation. 165 IV. Creative Alternative Solutions to Police Accountability. 169... 2022  
Nick Robinson RETHINKING THE CRIME OF RIOTING 107 Minnesota Law Review 77 (November, 2022) Introduction. 78 I. The Problem of Rioting. 85 A. The United States and Its Many Types of Riots. 85 B. The Challenge of the Riot. 89 C. The Weaponization of the Accusation of Rioting. 91 ii. The Development of the Crime of Rioting. 93 A. English Roots. 93 B. United States Evolution. 96 III. A Critique of Anti-Riot Legal Measures. 106 A.... 2022  
Adenike Tijani, Adelarin Yemi-Sofumade REVENUE AND TAXATION 39 Georgia State University Law Review 263 (Fall, 2022) Income Taxes: Amend Chapter 7 of Title 48 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, Relating to Income Taxes, so as to Enact the Law Enforcement Strategic Support Act (LESS Crime Act); Provide for Tax Credits for Certain Contributions Made by Taxpayers to Certain Local Law Enforcement Foundations; Provide for an Aggregate Annual Limit; Provide for... 2022  
Ayesha Bell Hardaway RISE OF POLICE UNIONS ON THE BACK OF THE BLACK LIBERATION MOVEMENT 55 Connecticut Law Review 179 (December, 2022) Police unions have garnered the attention of the media and some scholars in recent years. That attention has often focused on exploring the seemingly inexplicable and routine power police unions have to shield problem officers from accountability. This Article shows that police union power did not surreptitiously arrive on the doorsteps of American... 2022  
Katherine Macfarlane SECTION 1983 DEALMAKING 97 Tulane Law Review 1 (November, 2022) Breonna Taylor was killed in her home during the botched execution of a no-knock warrant. However, any civil rights claims arising from her death would likely fail in court because of qualified immunity, which often shields officers from civil damages, and City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, which blocks reform that might be achieved through injunctive... 2022  
Chun Hin Jeffrey Tsoi SEIZING § 1983 AFTER YOUR PROTEST TODAY: FOURTH AMENDMENT AND PROTEST POLICING POST-TORRES 59 American Criminal Law Review Online 98 (Spring, 2022) On June 1, 2020, a group of demonstrators gathered in Lafayette Square in Washington D.C., right outside of the White House, to protest the brutal killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and numerous others throughout the United States. At approximately 6:30 pm, law enforcement officials started firing tear gas and other projectiles into the... 2022  
Beth Caldwell SHIFTING THE PARADIGM: AN ABOLITIONIST ANALYSIS OF THE RECENT JUVENILE JUSTICE "REVOLUTION" 23 Nevada Law Journal 115 (Fall, 2022) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 116 I. The Theoretical Roots of US Juvenile Justice Policy. 122 A. The Protectionist Approach. 124 1. Houses of Refuge and the Child-Saving Movement. 125 2. The Juvenile Court & Parens Patriae. 128 3. Emergence of Due Process Rights. 131 4. Current Manifestations of the Protectionist Approach. 132 a. Status... 2022  
Olalekan N. Sumonu SHOT IN THE STREETS, BURIED IN COURTS: AN ASSAULT ON PROTESTER RIGHTS 52 Seton Hall Law Review 1569 (2022) As a result of exasperated citizens' ongoing crusade against police-related killings, 2020 witnessed the eruption of protests and civil unrest throughout the country, leaving dried blood, empty tear gas canisters, demolished storefronts, and ultimately, a divided nation in its wake. Pictures and videos of devastated cities and businesses--as well... 2022  
Kathleen Giunta SLAYING THE SERPENTS: WHY ALTERNATIVE INTERVENTION IS NECESSARY TO PROTECT THOSE IN MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS FROM THE STATE-CREATED DANGER "SNAKE PIT" 30 Journal of Law & Policy 497 (2022) The Black Lives Matter protests in 2020 and ongoing reports of police brutality around the United States sparked extensive debate over qualified immunity and the legal protections that prevent police accountability. Individuals experiencing mental health crises are especially vulnerable to police violence, since police officers lack the requisite... 2022  
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