AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Term
Margaret Burnetti LEVERAGING THE CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE: OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S. MIGRANTS WITHIN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORKS 18 DePaul Journal for Social Justice 1 (Summer, 2025) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 3 A. International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). 6 B. International Convention the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD). 7 C. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT). 8 D. Utility of these Legal Treaties. 9 II. What... 2025 Yes
Ellen Buerk SACRIFICE ZONE: CONCILIATING RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN LOUISIANA'S ""CANCER ALLEY" UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION 57 Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 491 (Spring, 2025) In June 2023, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) abandoned its civil rights investigation into racially discriminatory practices by Louisiana state agencies in Cancer Alley. It did so after issuing initial findings which indicated those agencies had operated in a racially discriminatory manner, subjecting predominately Black communities to... 2025 Yes
Divesh Kaul A FUNCTIONAL APPROACH TO LOCAL EXHAUSTION OF REMEDIES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 24 Washington University Global Studies Law Review 151 (2025) I. INTRODUCTION. 152 II. THE SUBSTANCE OF THE EXHAUSTION REQUIREMENT IN GENERAL INTERNATIONAL LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS LAW. 153 III. EXCEPTIONS AND WAIVER TO THE LOCAL REMEDIES RULE UNDER CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW. 164 IV. LOCAL REMEDIES RULE IN INVESTOR-STATE ARBITRATION. 172 V. CONCLUSION. 179 2025  
Summer Bell A VICIOUS CYCLE: AN INTERSECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF BLACK WOMEN'S LEGAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY IN THE HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC 39 Emory International Law Review 743 (2025) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 745 I. Black Women's Disproportionate Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in Malawi and the United States. 747 A. Factors that Increase HIV/AIDS Vulnerability for Malawian Women. 747 1. Economic Vulnerability. 748 2. Commercial Sex Work. 750 3. Intimate Partner Violence.. 751 4. Cleansing Rituals that Increase HIV/AIDS... 2025  
Kristina Bergman, R. Denisse Córdova Montes ADOPTING AN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH IN THE U.S. TO COMBAT SIZEISM AND RELATED RACISM AND SEXISM IN HEALTHCARE, PUBLIC HEALTH EFFORTS, AND FOOD ADVERTISING POLICY 21 Journal of Food Law & Policy 1 (Spring, 2025) Evidence of size stigma in U.S. food and health industries is overwhelming. Many policies affecting consumer and patient health and care look to patient Body Mass Index (BMI), a ratio of patient weight to height that anthropologists describe has roots in eugenics, scientific racism, and sexism, and that even the American Medical Association... 2025  
Terrence Neal AFFORDING ORAL TRADITION EVIDENCE DUE WEIGHT BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE 29 Lewis & Clark Law Review 1 (2025) Oral traditions are irreplaceable sources of historical information, particularly with regard to Indigenous Peoples' histories and cultures. However, when states have submitted oral traditions as evidence of historical practices, events, and circumstances in cases before the International Court of Justice (Court), the Court has been reluctant to... 2025  
Citlalli Ochoa BRIDGING MOVEMENT LAWYERING & INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS ADVOCACY 66 Boston College Law Review 1833 (June, 2025) Introduction. 1835 I. Why Bridge Movement Lawyering and International Human Rights Advocacy. 1839 II. Movement Lawyering & International Human Rights Law and Advocacy. 1844 A. Movement Lawyering: Contours, Principles, & Definitions. 1844 B. The International Human Rights Legal Framework & Human Rights Advocacy in the U.S.. 1847 1. The International... 2025  
Leandro Léo Rebelo CAN PRIOR CENSORSHIP BE A NECESSARY TOOL FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS? 40 American University International Law Review 615 (2025) I. INTRODUCTION. 615 II. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM. 617 A. The ACHR's Provisions. 617 B. Prior Censorship. 618 C. Lawful Restrictions of Speech. 621 III. SOCIAL MEDIA. 624 A. Relevant Features of Expression on the Internet. 624 B. Should Such Actions Be Considered Prior Censorship?. 628 C. Regulating Expression under This... 2025  
Diane Marie Amann CHILD-TAKING JUSTICE AND THE FEDERAL INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL INITIATIVE 119 American Journal of International Law 629 (October, 2025) I always wonder where the ghosts are & if they still celebrate the living - Kinsale Drake, Diné poet I formally apologize as president of the United States of America, for what we did. - Joe Biden, U.S. president All too common, among the too many wrongs done to oppressed communities, is child-taking. Child-taking occurs when a state or similar... 2025  
Rangita de Silva de Alwis , Catherine Amirfar , Helena Kennedy CLOSING THE ACCOUNTABILITY GAP AND REDRAWING THE BOUNDARIES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: AN ALL-TOOLS APPROACH TO ADDRESSING SYSTEMIC DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX 63 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 389 (2025) On the third anniversary of the second Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, this Article analyzes the group's flagrant violations of women's and girls' fundamental human rights against the guarantees enshrined in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Furthermore, it closely examines the Special... 2025  
Shannon Eva Labuschagne DAMMING HUMAN RIGHTS: THE LOWER SESAN 2 DAM 59 University of San Francisco Law Review 175 (2025) Large dams are now a ubiquitous feature of river systems around the world. Sixty-five percent of the world's rivers are studded with 58,519 large dams and thousands of smaller dams, impacting the eight most biogeographically diverse basins in the world. As is the case with many large development projects, studies show the adverse human rights... 2025  
Nicholas Lazzaro DEMANDING COMPLIANCE, DEMURRING ADHERENCE: U.S. TREATY LAW HAMSTRINGS U.S. SOFT POWER WORLDWIDE 53 Hofstra Law Review 933 (Spring, 2025) Consider this scenario: A U.S. citizen is accused of a crime--murder--in another country, one which is party to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, which requires that foreign nationals be informed of their right to request consular assistance, similar to a modified Miranda warning. This information is not conveyed to the accused, and they... 2025  
Anja Bossow DEPORTATION AS TORTURE 57 New York University Journal of International Law & Politics 323 (Spring, 2025) Deportation, as a practice, is currently only lightly regulated under international human rights law. The only conditional defenses that an individual possesses against deportation are the threat of torture or cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment by the receiving state or a breach of procedural norms in the making of the deportation decision.... 2025  
Ewa Rejman DISCRIMINATION THAT REQUIRES A REMEDY: THE CASE OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES 76 Mercer Law Review 539 (April, 2025) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 541 I. Background. 543 A. Vulnerability criterium. 544 B. Distinctive challenges in mothering a child with disability. 545 C. The need for gendered approach. 549 II. Corresponding Rights and States' Obligations. 552 A. Positive obligations. 552 B. The right to the highest attainable standard of health. 554 C. The... 2025  
Jamil Dakwar DISCUSSANT COMMENTARY ON THE TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL GROTIUS LECTURE 41 American University International Law Review 25 (2025) Good evening, everyone. Thank you for inviting me to be the discussant of Professor Achiume's keynote. It's a real pleasure to be here with all of you; it is a bit overwhelming in a time when we are literally fighting for the basic principles of democracy and the rule of law, and for fundamental human rights, that all of you showed up tonight to... 2025  
John H. Knox DISMANTLING THE FORTRESS: REFORMING INTERNATIONAL CONSERVATION 49 Harvard Environmental Law Review 1 (2025) Species and ecosystems are declining more rapidly than ever before in human history. The global biodiversity crisis is also a crisis of human rights, especially for the Indigenous peoples who depend directly on nature for their material and cultural existence. For most of the history of international conservation, however, its leading advocates... 2025  
Ilona Evelina Mantachian ENVIRONMENTAL WAR CRIMES: ECOCIDE AND THE ARMENIA v. AZERBAIJAN CASE 27 Vermont Journal of Environmental Law 1 (Fall, 2025) War is one of the most catastrophic climate emergencies. From the displacement of Indigenous peoples to its impacts on natural landscapes, war cripples vital ecologies and environmental resources and leaves ecosystems scarred long after ceasefires. Nowhere is this more evident than in the decades of Azerbaijan's state-sanctioned violence against... 2025  
E. Tendayi Achiume FOR WHOM IS INTERNATIONAL LAW? 119 American Society of International Law Proceedings 125 (April 16-April 18, 2025) When President Trump took office on January 20, 2025, he issued numerous executive orders, among them one that suspended the admissions of refugees into the United States. This executive order includes carveouts for refugees whose admission may be in the national interest of the United States, and notes that it is the policy of the United States... 2025  
E. Tendayi Achiume FOR WHOM IS INTERNATIONAL LAW? 41 American University International Law Review 1 (2025) I. PROLOGUE. 1 II. LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, THANKS, AND OUTLINE. 4 III. LOOKING TO THE TOP: RACIAL JUSTICE, REPARATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. 6 IV. LOOKING TO THE BOTTOM. 18 V. CONCLUSION. 22 2025  
Ilias Bantekas , Asiya Karimi GENDER APARTHEID UNDER THE TALIBAN: KEY ELEMENTS OF AN IDEOLOGY DESIGNED TO DISEMPOWER AFGHAN WOMEN 31 William and Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice 549 (Spring, 2025) Despite its frequent use since 2021, the notion of gender apartheid is misconceived in terms of existing international law. The type of abhorrent policies pursued by the Taliban regime against women and girls is best conceived as gender-based persecution. Even so, there is no reason why a new and distinct international crime of gender... 2025  
Hannah Sweeney GENDER EQUALITY AND STATE RESPONSIBILITY: ENFORCING CEDAW THROUGH THE ICJ 38 Harvard Human Rights Journal 287 (Spring, 2025) This Article explores the intersection of state responsibility before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the enforcement of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Despite the inclusion of an ICJ referral clause for disputes regarding the application of CEDAW, the ICJ has yet to... 2025  
Jerry Fowler GENOCIDE WITHOUT INTENT?: THE ICJ'S PECULIAR PROVISIONAL MEASURES JURISPRUDENCE 32 U.C. Davis Journal of International Law and Policy 33 (Fall, 2025) Abstract. The term genocide evokes moral horror and echoes of history's darkest episodes. The U.N. Genocide Convention codifies genocide as a crime under international law, the essence of which is a specific intent (or dolus specialis) to destroy a protected group, in whole or in part. The International Court of Justice has decided genocide cases... 2025  
Zane McNeill HUMAN RIGHTS AT THE CROSSROADS: ABORTION ACCESS AND GENDER-AFFIRMING CARE IN THE UNITED STATES THROUGH AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL LENS 53 Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 285 (Spring, 2025) The reversal of reproductive and transgender rights in the United States represents a watershed moment for human rights activism. This note examines the intersection between abortion access and restrictions on gender-affirming care through the lens of international law and argues that the double-barreled attack on bodily autonomy violates enshrined... 2025  
Diane A. Desierto , Jean Marc Brissau , Faisal Yamil Meneses , Josemaria Rodriguez Conca , Irene Pamblanco Esteve HUMAN RIGHTS METHODOLOGY FOR CLINICAL INSTRUCTION: LEGAL THEORY AND INTERDISCIPLINARY PRACTICES TO REALIZE HUMAN RIGHTS OUTCOMES 58 International Lawyer 341 (2025) The interdisciplinary fact-finding and analytical methodologies of global human rights law, when translated to experiential learning practices (e.g., in the form of human rights legal assessments that integrate international law with domestic law and inject rigorous plausibility evaluations of client claims applicable to global as well as domestic... 2025  
Mary Haddad, Alon Jasper , Tel-Aviv University, Israel IN PURSUIT OF STATEHOOD: PALESTINIAN PERFORMATIVITY IN HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY BODIES 50 Law and Social Inquiry 438 (May, 2025) (Received 07 September 2023; revised 01 July 2024; accepted 10 October 2024; first published online 27 February 2025) This article uses the theoretical framework of performative sovereignty to analyze the role of sovereignty in the Palestinian Authority's interactions with human rights treaty bodies and to the judicial decisions of the Palestine... 2025  
Kristen A. Carpenter INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN INTERNATIONAL (TREATY) DIPLOMACY 71 UCLA Law Review 1622 (July, 2025) International diplomacy has traditionally been considered the exclusive prerogative of states, who engage with each other on matters of peace, conflict, and trade with an eye to national interests and global wellbeing. This is one of a series of works considering Indigenous Diplomacy--a practice in which Indigenous Peoples engage with states, as... 2025  
John D. Bessler INTERNATIONAL ABOLITIONIST ADVOCACY: THE RISE OF GLOBAL NETWORKS TO ADVANCE HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE PROMISE OF THE WORLDWIDE CAMPAIGN TO ABOLISH CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 34 Minnesota Journal of International Law 1 (Spring, 2025) The modern international human rights movement began with the U.N. Charter and the U.N. General Assembly's adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Although the movement to abolish the death penalty is rooted in the Enlightenment, global advocacy to halt executions and to abolish capital punishment has accelerated exponentially in... 2025  
Dr. John Mukum Mbaku INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH ALBINISM IN AFRICA 43 Boston University International Law Journal 97 (Spring, 2025) Albinism is a rare, non-contagious and genetically inherited condition that affects millions of people globally. It results in the lack of melanin pigment in the hair, skin, and eyes and hence, creates significant vulnerability to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Albinism is present in all racial and ethnic groups throughout the world. People... 2025  
Hunter L. Eigenman INTERNATIONAL SILENCE ON GENOCIDE: NAGORNO-KARABAKH, A CASE STUDY 34 Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems 272 (Spring, 2025) I. Introduction. 272 II. Background. 273 A. The History of Conflicting Claims for Control of Nagorno-Karabakh. 274 B. What is Genocide in International Law?. 279 1. The Need for Instruments Condemning Genocide Post-WWII. 280 2. Legal Classification of Genocide in International Law. 280 III. Analysis. 281 A. The Importance of Tribunals: Elaborations... 2025  
Dr. Anna Ventouratou JUSTIFYING TRADE SANCTIONS: EXCEPTIONS AND DEFENSES UNDER WTO LAW 57 Cornell International Law Journal 409 (Spring, 2025) This Article explores the defenses available to States for justifying unilateral economic sanctions that appear prima facie inconsistent with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. It focuses on two key types of sanctions: those imposed in the context of armed conflicts and those aimed at inducing compliance with non-WTO international obligations.... 2025  
Michael Ramsden LITIGATING THE GAZA CRISIS: LEGAL AND POLITICAL STRATEGIES IN SOUTH AFRICA v. ISRAEL 8 Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review 241 (Spring, 2025) South Africa v. Israel represents the most prominent example to date of strategic litigation before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), a litigation model that seeks to use the Court to achieve the wider structural objective of altering the prevailing balances of power in a situation. Contrary to the classical approach of evaluating... 2025  
Ines Gillich MEDIA COVERAGE AND STATE PROPAGANDA IN ARMED CONFLICTS: AN INTERNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE AT THE ARMENIA-AZERBAIJAN "PROPAGANDA WAR" 10 Journal of International Media & Entertainment Law 117 (2024-2025) L1-2Table of Contents I. Introduction: Propaganda in multi-dimensional warfare. 117 II. The Armenian and Azerbaijan Propaganda War. 120 A. Disinformation and Media Practices During the Karabakh-War. 120 1. Traditional media. 121 2. Social Media. 121 3. Limitations to Freedom of Speech under Martial Law of Armenia and Azerbaijan. 123 III.... 2025  
Parker Tocci NAGORNO-KARABAKH: A LEGAL REAPPRAISAL 43 Boston University International Law Journal 375 (Summer, 2025) In September 2023, the Republic of Azerbaijan utilized military force to capture Nagorno-Karabakh, a mountainous region in the southern Caucasus. The region, whose inhabitants were majority ethnic Armenians, had been governed by the self-declared Republic of Artsakh (formerly the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh), a de facto independent state since... 2025  
Petra Minnerop NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS POST-GLOBAL STOCKTAKE: THE MAKING OF PRESCRIBED QUALIFIED UNILATERAL ACTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 58 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 45 (January, 2025) One of the core elements of the global response to climate change under the Paris Agreement is the parties' nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The NDCs' self-determined nature is often perceived as a major weakness of the treaty regime. This Article revisits the legal nature of NDCs and examines their legal position in international law.... 2025  
Lauren van Schilfgaarde NATIVE REPRODUCTIVE SELF-DETERMINATION 71 UCLA Law Review 1844 (July, 2025) Like the overall well-being of Indigenous peoples, Native reproductive health has been deeply impacted by the direct and collateral consequences of settler colonialism. Today, Natives experience some of the most dire reproductive health disparities. Unlike other health care systems, however, Native health care is sui generis. The federal government... 2025  
Maria Cudowska NEGOTIATING FOOD SECURITY 21 Journal of Food Law & Policy 56 (Spring, 2025) In the United States and worldwide, nutrition and food emerge as both high-profile public policy targets and as fundamental aspects of the right to self-determination. This Article examines how national security impacts food security in the United States. It explores conflicts and synergies between municipal, state, and federal law developments... 2025  
Steffi Colao NO RIGHT TO EXCLUDE: THE EUROPEAN UNION'S REPARATIVE MIGRATION OBLIGATIONS 41 American University International Law Review 37 (2025) In this article, I unify the diverse but related ways that scholars, activists, and people on the move have demanded migration as a form of reparations. I first compare (mostly U.S.-based) theoretical arguments for migration as a form of reparations for colonization, military occupation, and climate harm. I then turn to international legal... 2025  
Jessica Tueller ON PARENTAGE, GENETICS, AND SURROGACY 59 Georgia Law Review 779 (Spring, 2025) Bans in some jurisdictions, combined with relative affordability in others, have turned surrogacy into an increasingly cross-border phenomenon. Meanwhile, the complex and varied approaches to legal parentage and surrogacy that exist in domestic jurisdictions, along with a lack of international oversight, have at times left children of surrogacy... 2025  
E. Tendayi Achiume RACE, REPARATIONS, AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 119 American Journal of International Law 397 (July, 2025) C1-3Table of Contents I. Introduction. 397 II. Reparations, Worldmaking, and Structures of Historical Injustice. 401 A. Race, Racism, and Colonial Worldmaking. 403 B. Race/Racism and the Structural Reproduction of Colonial Domination. 404 C. The Global Governance of Race/Racism and Reparative Anti-colonial Worldmaking. 407 III. The Legal... 2025  
Christian Zavardino RECOGNITION POLICIES, SELF-DETERMINATION, AND ACCESS TO LEGAL REDRESS FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA, AND CANADA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY 8 Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review 209 (Winter, 2025) I. Introduction. 209 II. United States Federal Indian Laws Regarding Tribal Recognition Compared with New York State Indian Tribal Recognition Laws. 215 A. The Historical Background and Context of U.S. Federal and New York State Law. 216 1. Federal Indian Law and Policy. 216 a. The Modern Federal Recognition Process and State Recognition. 221 i.... 2025  
Lisa Davis , Kirby Anwar RECOGNIZING ALL VICTIMS OF RACIAL AND GENDER APARTHEID IN THE DRAFT CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY TREATY 9 Howard Human & Civil Rights Law Review 1 (2024-2025) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 2 I. Defining Protected Groups Under International Criminal Law. 10 A. Defining Protected Groups Under Genocide. 11 1. Objective And Subjective Criteria: Determining Protected Group Membership. 16 2. The Persistence Of The Genocide Convention's Outdated Limitations On Protected Groups. 23 3. Calls For A... 2025  
  REMARKS BY JAMIL DAKWAR, DISCUSSANT 119 American Society of International Law Proceedings 137 (April 16-April 18, 2025) Good evening, everyone. Thank you for inviting me to be the discussant of Professor Achiume's keynote. It's a real pleasure to be here with all of you; it is a bit overwhelming in a time when we are literally fighting for the basic principles of democracy and the rule of law, and for fundamental human rights, that all of you showed up tonight to... 2025  
Ariel E. Dulitzky RIGHTING SPORTS LAW: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE UNITED NATIONS 32 Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal 343 (2025) The intersection of sports and human rights is a growing and increasingly complex field, involving key actors like Sporting Governing Bodies (SGBs) such as the International Olympic Committee (IOC), intergovernmental institutions like the United Nations (UN), and regional bodies. Since 2009, the UN has recognized the IOC as a permanent... 2025  
Christopher Muhawe THE (IN)VISIBLE IMMIGRANT'S PRIVACY 9 Georgetown Law Technology Review 290 (2025) Digital technology has significantly augmented U.S. immigration enforcement. For refugees and asylum seekers, navigating the immigration system involves traversing a complex data labyrinth. Their personal information is collected and used by both immigration authorities and private entities, often without transparency and accountability. This... 2025  
Deborah M. Weissman, Louis A. Pérez THE ART BELONGS TO THE ARTISTS 84 Maryland Law Review 209 (2025) Artists are the gatekeepers of truth. We are civilization's radical voice. This Article examines the rights of detainees interned at the Guantánamo Bay Naval Station to claim ownership of cultural work produced during their imprisonment. Through a series of arbitrary policies, the U.S. government alternately punished detainees for creating works... 2025  
Naheed A. Farid THE NEXT CHAPTER OF APARTHEID IS "GENDER APARTHEID" 59 University of San Francisco Law Review 93 (2025) In 2020, with over twelve years of serving as a lawmaker in Afghanistan, I was driven by a strong desire to do something meaningful for the women of my country. This fight was rooted in the blunt reality that Afghan women were demanding their rights and recognition of their social identity, and they entrusted me to be their representative. One... 2025  
John Mukum Mbaku THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND AFRICAN EXPERIENCES 53 Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 417 (2025) C1-2Table of Contents I. Introduction. 420 II. The Right to a Fair Trial Under International Law. 426 A. Introduction. 426 B. Non-Derogable Fair Trial Rights. 430 C. Judicial Independence. 437 D. Other Elements of a Fair Trial (Article 14 of the ICCPR). 441 III. The Right to a Fair Trial Under the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. 454... 2025  
María Elisa Zavala Achurra , Benjamín Salas Kantor TOWARDS A PREDICTABLE STANDARD OF PROOF IN INTERNATIONAL ADJUDICATION 63 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 57 (2025) Evidence plays a key role in the resolution of disputes. While international courts and tribunals have developed principles and rules to address evidence production and the burden of proof, the application of the standard of proof remains elusive and somewhat enigmatic. The standard of proof is of paramount importance as it delineates the... 2025  
Joseph M. Isanga UKRAINE-RUSSIA ARMED CONFLICT: HOLDING THE U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL VETO-WIELDING AND NUCLEAR-ARMED RUSSIA ACCOUNTABLE AND UPHOLDING INTERNATIONAL RULE OF LAW 60 Tulsa Law Review 377 (Spring, 2025) I. Introduction. 378 II. Background and Russia's Justifications for Aggression. 381 A. Background. 381 B. Russia's Legal, Historical, and Jurisprudential Justifications. 382 i. Self-Defense to Eliminate Existential Threats to Russia. 382 ii. Collective Self-Defense of Crimea and Eastern Regions of Ukraine. 385 iii. Intervention to Protect Russian... 2025  
Jill I. Goldenziel , Sean Michael Blochberger , Tyler Granholm WEAPON OF THE WEAK: LAWFARE AND STATE POWER IN THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE 66 Harvard International Law Journal 563 (Spring, 2025) Conventional wisdom holds that international law was created by powerful, primarily Western countries to preserve their own interests and is enforced accordingly by international courts. Yet weaker states have repeatedly won landmark victories in international courts against the world's most powerful states. Small states have also succeeded in... 2025  
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