| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Key Terms in Title or Summary |
| Lisa Benjamin |
RACIAL CAPITALISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE: COLONIALISM AND CLIMATE LAW AND POLICY IN THE COMMONWEALTH |
41 Wisconsin International Law Journal 577 (Summer, 2024) |
This Article provides a snapshot of current climate policy and litigation experiences in a select group of Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, India, Pakistan, Kiribati, and The Bahamas. It traces current domestic climate policies and litigation experiences back to the colonial histories of these countries. These Commonwealth... |
2024 |
Yes |
| Carmen G. Gonzalez |
RACIAL CAPITALISM, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND ECOCIDE |
41 Wisconsin International Law Journal 479 (Summer, 2024) |
Lawyers, scholars, and activists have long sought to incorporate ecocide into the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to address corporate and governmental impunity for massive and severe ecological damage, including the harms caused by climate change. This Article uses the framework of racial capitalism to examine and critique the... |
2024 |
Yes |
| Asma T. Uddin |
RELIGION AND IDENTITY CAPITALISM |
70 Wayne Law Review 309 (Summer, 2024) |
I. Introduction. 310 II. Identity Capitalism. 317 A. Identity Capitalists. 318 B. Identity Entrepreneurs. 321 C. Harms of Identity Capitalism and Identity Entrepreneurship. 323 D. Leong's Solutions. 324 III. Religion and Identity Capitalism. 325 A. Religious Outgroup Identity. 325 B. Mega-Identity Capitalism. 331 1. Muslims as Traits of the Liberal... |
2024 |
Yes |
| Thalia González , Paige Joki |
REPRODUCING INEQUALITY: RACIAL CAPITALISM AND THE COST OF PUBLIC EDUCATION |
65 Boston College Law Review 317 (February, 2024) |
Introduction. 319 I. Education and Racial Capitalism. 334 II. Fines and Fees as a Modality of Racial Capitalism. 346 A. Methods. 347 B. Dispossession and Inequitable Access to Educational Opportunities. 349 C. Resource Extraction and Debt Creation. 352 D. Punishment. 355 III. Protecting Black Students and Families. 359 A. Every Student Succeeds... |
2024 |
Yes |
| Gregory A. Mark |
THE NEW CAPITALISM, THE OLD CAPITALISM, AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE |
91 University of Chicago Law Review 2013 (November, 2024) |
This Essay concerns the evolving relationship between the economy, specifically the economy of the British North America that became the United States, and the methods society deployed to legitimate, control, and channel economic behavior, especially religion and law. Using the recently published work of three eminent academics--Benjamin Friedman,... |
2024 |
Yes |
| Jackie Dugard |
XOLOBENI'S STRUGGLE AGAINST PATRIRACIAL-COLONOCAPITALIST MINING IN SOUTH AFRICA: A COUNTERPOINT TO CLIMATE CATASTROPHE? |
41 Wisconsin International Law Journal 551 (Summer, 2024) |
Mining is central to the history of repression in South Africa. Mining made Sandton to be Sandton and the Bantustans of the Eastern Cape to be the desolate places that they still are. Mining in South Africa also made the elites in England rich by exploiting workers in South Africa. You cannot understand why the rural Eastern Cape is poor without... |
2024 |
Yes |
| Lenese C. Herbert |
(CON)SCRIPTED: "CAUCASIAN RICH BRAIN" |
73 DePaul Law Review 847 (Spring, 2024) |
[E]ntertainment is not innocent.--James Baldwin They called them brilliant. Respecters of the sharp edges and reliable bubbler[s] of memorable language. Their writing, roundly regarded as a bracing and refreshing font of quips and barbs and total twists of the heart, was likened to the precision of an architect's plans. They crafted... |
2024 |
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| Jessica Wolpaw Reyes , René Reyes |
ABOLITION ECONOMICS |
29 Michigan Journal of Race and Law 69 (Spring, 2024) |
Over the past several decades, Law & Economics has established itself as one of the most well-known branches of interdisciplinary legal scholarship. The tools of L&E have been applied to a wide range of legal issues and have even been brought to bear on Critical Race Theory in an attempt to address some of CRT's perceived shortcomings. This Article... |
2024 |
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| Gregory Day |
ANTITRUST FOR IMMIGRANTS |
109 Cornell Law Review 911 (May, 2024) |
Immigrants and undocumented people have often encountered discrimination because they compete against native businesses and workers, resulting in protests, boycotts, and even violence intended to exclude immigrants from markets. Key to this story is government's ability to discriminate as well: it is indeed common for state and federal actors to... |
2024 |
|
| Ifeoma Ajunwa |
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AFROFUTURISM, AND ECONOMIC JUSTICE |
112 Georgetown Law Journal 1267 (June, 2024) |
Artificial intelligence (AI) work technologies have been lauded for their efficiency, cost savings, and ability to democratize access to work. Indeed, AI work technologies make a planetary labor market possible. But what does this mean for the future of work for Black workers both in the Diaspora and on the African continent? Building on the... |
2024 |
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| Ferrell L. Littlejohn |
CORPORATE ESG FALLS SHORT: SYSTEMIC ANTI-BLACK RACISM AND INEQUALITY SHOULD BE ADDRESSED THROUGH A CUMULATIVE INTEGRATED APPROACH |
29 Fordham Journal of Corporate and Financial Law 695 (2024) |
In the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court endorsed the separate but equal doctrine, essentially codifying racial segregation. This decision guaranteed that systemic racism would permeate every fabric of society despite the abolition of slavery. Recently, many corporate institutions have pledged to actively support the fight against... |
2024 |
|
| Margaret Hu |
CRITICAL DATA THEORY |
65 William and Mary Law Review 839 (March, 2024) |
Critical Data Theory examines the role of AI and algorithmic decisionmaking at its intersection with the law. This theory aims to deconstruct the impact of AI in law and policy contexts. The tools of AI and automated systems allow for legal, scientific, socioeconomic, and political hierarchies of power that can profitably be interrogated with... |
2024 |
|
| Melodi H. Dinçer |
DATA JUSTICE READINESS: AN ABOLITIONIST FRAMEWORK FOR TECH CLINIC INTAKE |
31 Clinical Law Review 153 (Fall, 2024) |
Within two decades, the tech industry has turned most of modern life into a real-time data stream, reducing human beings into trackable datasets. Gaps in government services--including benefits administration, education, transportation, and public health--have created new market opportunities for tech companies to profit off product solutions that... |
2024 |
|
| Kate Sablosky Elengold |
DEBT, RACE, AND PHYSICAL MOBILITY |
112 California Law Review 833 (June, 2024) |
Residents in every state in the United States can lose their driver's license or car registration because they owe debt to the state. At least eleven million people across the United States suffer these debt-based driving restrictions at any given time. Because Americans overwhelmingly rely on personal automobiles for transportation, states, by... |
2024 |
|
| Francisco Valdes |
DEFEAT FASCISM, TRANSFORM DEMOCRACY: MAPPING ACADEMIC RESOURCES, REFRAMING THE FUNDAMENTALS, AND ORGANIZING FOR COLLECTIVE ACTIONS |
47 Seattle University Law Review 1057 (Spring, 2024) |
[T]he truth will set you free. --Jesus What happens when truth doesn't matter anymore? --Barack Obama A vote for Donald Trump is a vote for a fascist government. --Cassidy Hutchinson Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. --Jorge Santayana Introduction & Context. 1059 I. The Critical (Legal) Collective: Learning and Acting... |
2024 |
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| Sheldon Bernard Lyke |
DEFENSE AGAINST THE DARK ARTS: THE DIVERSITY RATIONALE AND THE FAILED AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION |
80 Washington and Lee Law Review 1873 (2024) |
Over the past forty years, affirmative action advocates have participated in a defensive campaign where they have admitted that affirmative action is a form of justified discrimination. This Article finds this a dangerous strategy because it allows for the practice of misguided beliefs about race and remedies for racism. When schools fail to fight... |
2024 |
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| Thomas W. Simon |
DOES BLACK LEGAL THEORY MATTER? CRITICAL RACE THEORY AND A REVIVED RADICALISM |
18 Southern Journal of Policy and Justice 137 (May, 2024) |
C1-2Contents A. Introduction. 139 B. Alternative Histories. 141 C. Theory. 156 D. Methods. 160 E. Liberal Diversions. 168 F. Intersectionality. 195 G. Radical CRT. 209 H. Conclusion. 212 |
2024 |
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| Chaz Arnett |
DYSTOPIAN DREAMS, UTOPIAN NIGHTMARES: AI AND THE PERMANENCE OF RACISM |
112 Georgetown Law Journal 1299 (June, 2024) |
This Essay draws connections between Octavia Butler's Parable series (Parable of the Sower and Parable of the Talents), HBO's Westworld, and Derrick Bell's Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism to highlight how the reconfiguration and transmutation of race through technological change is facilitated by corresponding shifts in... |
2024 |
|
| Craig Anthony (Tony) Arnold , Resilience Justice Project Researchers |
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE, RESILIENCE JUSTICE, AND WATERSHED PLANNING |
48 William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review 553 (Spring, 2024) |
Watershed planning is an increasingly used governance tool for addressing environmental problems at ecosystem scales of watersheds, which are areas of land that drain to a common body of water. In recent years, watershed planning in the United States has been undergoing an equity evolution: watershed planners have begun integrating environmental... |
2024 |
|
| Larisa G. Bowman |
EVICTION ABOLITION |
55 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 541 (Spring, 2024) |
This Article contends that today's eviction crisis in the United States is the civil equivalent of mass incarceration. Eviction, like mass incarceration, is a racialized and gendered system of social control heavily supervised by the state. State court judges order evictions, and law enforcement officers execute them. Eviction's mechanisms of... |
2024 |
|
| Jens T. Theilen |
INTERSECTIONALITY'S TRAVELS TO INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW |
45 Michigan Journal of International Law 233 (2024) |
Over the last two decades, references to intersectionality have become increasingly common in international human rights law. Many human rights bodies now make use of intersectionality in some form, and scholars propose more widespread and in-depth intersectional analysis as a way to better capture how human rights are realized or violated. Against... |
2024 |
|
| Emmanuel Mauleón |
LEGAL ENDEARMENT: AN UNMARKED BARRIER TO TRANSFORMING POLICING, PUBLIC SAFETY, AND SECURITY |
112 California Law Review 755 (June, 2024) |
The problems of racialized policing have come into renewed focus over the past decade. The advent of viral bystander videos has not only forced a popular confrontation with moments of both routine and extraordinary policing violence but also sparked protests, uprisings, and grassroots movements to challenge current practices in policing and... |
2024 |
|
| Prashasti Bhatnagar |
MEDICAL-LEGAL PARTNERSHIPS AND LEGAL REGIMES: A HEALTH JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE |
52 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 512 (Summer, 2024) |
Keywords: Medical-Legal Partnerships, Movement Lawyering, Agricultural Workers, Health Justice, Structural Racism Abstract: Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) attempt to integrate the social determinants of health into health care delivery to eliminate health inequities. Yet, MLPs have not fully adapted to identify and address structural racism, one... |
2024 |
|
| Michael L. Smith |
MORAL PANIC AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT |
72 Buffalo Law Review 455 (April, 2024) |
Debates over free speech in the United States frequently see advocates of strong, broad protections at odds with those who argue that unfettered free speech tends to harm society's most vulnerable. Free speech advocates invoke the marketplace of ideas and argue that the antidote to false or harmful speech is more speech. In response, critics... |
2024 |
|
| Francisco Valdes, Steven W. Bender, Jennifer J. Hill |
PREPARING FOR THE RECKONING OF LAW WITH JUSTICE: ORGANIZING LATCRIT HEMISPHERICALLY FOR SYSTEMIC AND MATERIAL POWER |
22 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 823 (Spring, 2024) |
As the 230 registrants of the 2023 biennial LatCrit conference marked the 28 anniversary of LatCrit theory, community, and praxis, we also marked our first hybrid conference in the Global North. This method of convening is designed strategically to take advantage of combining resource-conserving virtual participation with a hub or anchor of... |
2024 |
|
| Jeffrey L. Vagle |
PRIVACY'S COMMODIFICATION AND THE LIMITS OF ANTITRUST |
77 Arkansas Law Review 51 (2024) |
While markets and their mechanisms have long been the basis of mainstream U.S. economic thought, the version of market fundamentalism that found solid footing in the postwar years has expanded to permeate nearly every aspect of public and private life. At the same time, a Cambrian explosion of technological growth made the gathering, processing,... |
2024 |
|
| Vincent M. Southerland |
PUBLIC DEFENSE AND AN ABOLITIONIST ETHIC |
99 New York University Law Review 1635 (November, 2024) |
The American carceral state has grown exponentially over the last six decades, earning the United States a place of notoriety among the world's leaders in incarceration. That unprecedented growth has been fueled by a cultural addiction to carceral logic and its tools--police, prosecution, jails, prisons, and punishment--as a one-size-fits-all... |
2024 |
|
| Atinuke O. Adediran |
RACIAL TARGETS |
118 Northwestern University Law Review 1455 (2024) |
Abstract--It is common scholarly and popular wisdom that racial quotas are illegal. However, the reality is that since 2020's racial reckoning, many of the largest companies have been touting specific, albeit voluntary, goals to hire or promote people of color, which this Article refers to as racial targets. The Article addresses this phenomenon... |
2024 |
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| Andrew J. Lanham |
RADICAL VISIONS FOR THE LAW OF PEACE: HOW W.E.B. DU BOIS AND THE BLACK ANTIWAR MOVEMENT REIMAGINED CIVIL RIGHTS AND THE LAWS OF WAR AND PEACE |
99 Washington Law Review 433 (June, 2024) |
Abstract: This Article reconstructs the history of Black antiwar activism in the twentieth-century United States and argues that Black antiwar activists played a significant but largely forgotten role in the development of both modern civil rights law and the international law of war and peace. The Article focuses on the career of W.E.B. Du Bois,... |
2024 |
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| Priya Baskaran |
SEARCHING FOR JUSTICE: INCORPORATING CRITICAL LEGAL RESEARCH INTO CLINIC SEMINAR |
30 Clinical Law Review 227 (Spring, 2024) |
This Article provides educators with a roadmap for incorporating Critical Legal Research into Clinical Pedagogy. Critical Legal Research is a social justiceoriented critical intervention that provides a theoretical framework and practical application. Critical Legal Research provides lawyers with tools to deconstruct but also reconstruct legal... |
2024 |
|
| Evan D. Bernick |
SLAUGHTERING ABOLITION DEMOCRACY |
76 Rutgers University Law Review 965 (Summer, 2024) |
C1-2Table of Contents I. Black Reconstruction and Abolition Democracies. 968 A. As Aspiration. 968 B. As Bloc. 970 C. Abolition Democracy's Constitutionalism. 971 D. Constitutional Political Economy and the Counterrevolution of Property. 973 II. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Henry Warmoth. 979 A. The Battles of New Orleans. 979 B. Fear of a Black... |
2024 |
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| Jennifer D. Oliva , Taleed El-Sabawi |
THE "NEW" DRUG WAR |
110 Virginia Law Review 1103 (September, 2024) |
American policymakers have long waged a costly, punitive, racist, and ineffective drug war that casts certain drug use as immoral and those who engage in it as deviant criminals. The War on Drugs has been defined by a myopic focus on controlling the supply of drugs that are labeled as dangerous and addictive. The decisions as to which drugs fall... |
2024 |
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| Scott W. Stern |
THE CASE FOR CLIMATE REPARATIONS |
128 Dickinson Law Review 529 (Winter, 2024) |
Climate reparations are, to employ an old cliché, an idea whose time has come. Of course, calls for reparations have been emanating from the Global South since long before scholars in the Global North started paying attention. The United States has been in the midst of a public debate over reparations for many years. And reparations have become... |
2024 |
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| Keith H. Hirokawa, Cinnamon P. Carlarne |
THE CLIMATE MORATORIUM |
11 Texas A&M Law Review 365 (Winter, 2024) |
Climate change is our new reality. The impacts of climatic changes, including massive forest fires, floods, drought, severe storms, saltwater intrusion, and the resulting migration of people displaced by such impacts, will continue to ravage communities across the nation into the foreseeable future. In the meantime, communities continue to expand... |
2024 |
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| Wyatt G. Sassman |
THE LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF EXTRACTIVE POWER |
71 UCLA Law Review 66 (January, 2024) |
Over the last decade, the United States has become the world's top producer and leading exporter of oil and gas--a change with dramatic geopolitical and climate implications. At the root of this ascendency is a legal framework around oil and gas extraction in the United States that empowers extractive industry to dismantle community opposition,... |
2024 |
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| Yael Zakai Cannon |
THE PERSISTENT PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY |
55 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 726 (Spring, 2024) |
May 11, 2023 was ostensibly a day of celebration. With infections and deaths from COVID-19 down, the federal government announced the end of the official Public Health Emergency three years after its initial declaration. But the conclusion of the Public Health Emergency also signaled the termination of unprecedented health protection... |
2024 |
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| Alex Raskin |
THE RIGHT TO PRESCHOOL: ONCE A WARTIME NECESSITY, NOW A FUNDAMENTAL STEP TOWARDS EDUCATIONAL EQUITY |
32 Journal of Law & Policy 199 (2024) |
The most vital time for cognitive development is the first five years of a child's life, impacting everything from language skills to social and emotional abilities. This makes access to high-quality universal preschool a necessity, as increasingly more families are without stable childcare in America. Preschool tuition now averages $10,000... |
2024 |
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| Philip Butler |
THINKING OF A MASTER PLAN: DATA CITIZENSHIP/OWNERSHIP AS A PORTAL TO AN UNFETTERED BLACK UNIVERSAL BASIC INCOME |
112 Georgetown Law Journal 1343 (June, 2024) |
C1-3Table of Contents L1-2Introduction . L31343 I. A Black Technosphere. 1347 II. Evidence of Black Posthumanism in the Story. 1352 III. DAOs, Ownership, and Citizenship. 1354 |
2024 |
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| John Whitlow |
TOWARD HOUSING JUSTICE: LAW, TENANT POWER, AND THE DECOMMODIFICATION OF URBAN PROPERTY |
27 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Law and Social Change 175 (2024) |
This Article explores the burgeoning movement for housing justice in the United States by focusing on recent examples of tenant organizing and law reform campaigns in New York City and San Francisco. In the case of New York, a coalition of tenants successfully mobilized in 2019 to strengthen the rent laws for the first time in decades. Those... |
2024 |
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| Emily J. Stolzenberg |
TRIBES, STATES, AND SOVEREIGNS' INTEREST IN CHILDREN |
102 North Carolina Law Review 1093 (May, 2024) |
Haaland v. Brackeen, last year's unsuccessful Supreme Court challenge to the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), trumpeted a critique made consistently over the statute's forty-five-year history: that ICWA harms Indian children by subordinating their interests to their tribes' interests, unlike State family law, which pursues the best interests of... |
2024 |
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| Cosmas Emeziem |
UNTOUCHABLE SOVEREIGN DEBTS: TOWARDS A NEW MODEL OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND GLOBAL FINANCE |
52 Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 333 (2024) |
C1-2Table of Contents I. Introduction. 335 II. Foundation and Contexts of Transitional Justice and Sovereign Debts. 341 A. Transitional Justices. 341 1. Nature and Norms. 342 2. Africa and Transitional Justice. 347 B. Sovereign Debts. 351 1. Basic Principles. 351 2. Africa and Sovereign Debts. 354 III. Sovereign Debts And Transitional Justice:... |
2024 |
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| Genevieve Siegel-Hawley , Ash Taylor-Beierl , Erica Frankenberg , April Hewko , Andrene Castro |
WHEN PUBLIC MEETS PRIVATE: PRIVATE SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND SEGREGATION IN VIRGINIA |
30 Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice 95 (Spring, 2024) |
Recognizing Virginia's central role in the expansion of segregated southern private schools after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, we review law and policy related to private school segregation. We also conduct an empirical analysis of Virginia private school enrollment and segregation since the turn of the twenty-first century, finding... |
2024 |
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| Marissa Jackson Sow |
WHITENESS AS CONTRACT IN THE RACIAL SUPERSTATE |
14 UC Irvine Law Review 459 (May, 2024) |
Despite the United Nations' (UN) ongoing commemoration of the International Decade for People of African Descent and direct calls from UN member states for the body to confront systemic racism in the United States, the United States has with the support of its allies--successfully blocked measures beyond those which gently encourage mere aspiration... |
2024 |
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| Darlène Dubuisson , Patricia Campos-Medina , Shannon Gleeson , Kati L. Griffith |
CENTERING RACE IN STUDIES OF LOW-WAGE IMMIGRANT LABOR |
19 Annual Review of Law and Social Science 109 (2023) |
race, racism, immigration, work, justice, rights This review examines the historical and contemporary factors driving immigrant worker precarity and the central role of race in achieving worker justice. We build from the framework of racial capitalism and historicize the legacies of African enslavement and Indigenous dispossession, which have... |
2023 |
Yes |
| Amna A. Akbar |
NON-REFORMIST REFORMS AND STRUGGLES OVER LIFE, DEATH, AND DEMOCRACY |
132 Yale Law Journal 2497 (June, 2023) |
Today's left social movements are challenging formal law and politics for their capitulation to a regime of racial capitalism. In this Feature, I argue that we must reconceive our relationship to reform and the popular struggles in which they are embedded. I examine the turn of left social movements to non-reformist reforms as a framework for... |
2023 |
Yes |
| Hardeep Dhillon , American Bar Foundation, Chicago, IL, USA, Email: hdhillon@abfn.org |
THE MAKING OF MODERN US CITIZENSHIP AND ALIENAGE: THE HISTORY OF ASIAN IMMIGRATION, RACIAL CAPITAL, AND US LAW |
41 Law and History Review 1 (February, 2023) |
This article unravels an important historical conjuncture in the making of modern US citizenship and alienage by drawing on the state's regulation of naturalization as it relates to Asian immigration in the early twentieth century. My primary concern is to examine the socio-legal formations that constructed the thick distinctions between the modern... |
2023 |
Yes |
| Daniel Backman |
"A VAST LABOR BUREAU": THE FREEDMEN'S BUREAU AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF COUNTERVAILING BLACK LABOR POWER |
40 Yale Journal on Regulation 837 (Summer, 2023) |
For a few short years starting in 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau exercised regulatory power over labor markets in a fashion unprecedented in ambition, scope, and reach in U.S. history up to that point--and, arguably, since. The Bureau used its broad authority to construct, regulate, and coordinate labor in the post-slavery South according to a... |
2023 |
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| Michael Z. Green |
(A)WOKE WORKPLACES |
2023 Wisconsin Law Review 811 (2023) |
With heightened expectations for a reckoning in response to the broad support for the Black Lives Matter movement after the senseless murder of George Floyd in 2020, employers explored many options to improve racial understanding through discussions with workers. In rejecting any notions of the existence of structural or systemic discrimination,... |
2023 |
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| Edward Shore |
A DREAM DEFERRED: THE EMERGENCE AND FITFUL ENFORCEMENT OF THE QUILOMBO LAW IN BRAZIL |
101 Texas Law Review 707 (February, 2023) |
In 1988, Brazil ratified Article 68, a constitutional provision that recognizes the collective property rights of quilombolas, who are the descendants of formerly enslaved Africans, many of whom had escaped slavery. Article 68 ushered a dramatic transformation in the racial politics of Brazil, one of the most unequal societies in the world.... |
2023 |
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| Elettra Bietti |
A GENEALOGY OF DIGITAL PLATFORM REGULATION |
7 Georgetown Law Technology Review 1 (January, 2023) |
Until recently, the internet was imagined as a decentralized, horizontal, and open space that would foster freedom and equality. Today, it is a collection of walled gardens, a hierarchical ecosystem ruled by a few gatekeepers who leverage access to data and infrastructural capability to enclose users and competitors in relations of dependency.... |
2023 |
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