AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Terms in Title or Summary
Allen R. Kamp JURISPRUDENCE: A BEGINNER'S SIMPLE AND PRACTICAL GUIDE TO ADVANCED AND COMPLEX LEGAL THEORY 2 the crit: a Critical Studies Journal 62 (Spring, 2009) By now, if the first year curriculum, teaching method, and subject matter--the entire culture of the first year of law school--has achieved its desired goal, you should be in a state of total befuddlement. Why the legal academy has chosen this strategy, these tactics, and its ultimate goal is a good question, but I am not even going to attempt to... 2009  
Dean Spade KEYNOTE ADDRESS: TRANS LAW REFORM STRATEGIES, CO-OPTATION, AND THE POTENTIAL FOR TRANSFORMATIVE CHANGE 30 Women's Rights Law Reporter 288 (Winter 2009) This symposium occurs in an interesting moment for the institutionalization or consolidation of the concept of transgender law. This semester, three symposia focused on trans law took place at three separate law schools, and an additional symposium on this topic is planned for Fall 2008. To my knowledge, no prior symposia focused exclusively on... 2009  
Keith Aoki , Kevin R. Johnson LATINOS AND THE LAW: CASES AND MATERIALS: THE NEED FOR FOCUS IN CRITICAL ANALYSIS 12 Harvard Latino Law Review 73 (Spring 2009) Latinos and the Law: Cases and Materials represents an important contribution to the scholarship on Latina/o civil rights. A crisp read, the casebook nicely builds on the excellent reader, The Latino/a Condition, edited by Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic, published a decade previously. The volume effectively pulls together basic materials... 2009  
Palma Joy Strand LAW AS STORY: A CIVIC CONCEPT OF LAW (WITH CONSTITUTIONAL ILLUSTRATIONS) 18 Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 603 (Spring 2009) This Article introduces a civic concept of law, which emphasizes that law is grounded in citizens. This view of law is consonant with the powerful themes of broad civic contribution in the recent political campaign of Barack Obama, and it challenges approaches to law, such as originalism, that emphasize tight control. Just as everyone can... 2009  
Jonathan Todres LAW, OTHERNESS, AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING 49 Santa Clara Law Review 605 (2009) Until lions have their historians, tales of the hunt shall always glorify the hunters. -- African Proverb A gross violation of human rights, slavery has been condemned globally and is viewed by most as a terrible relic of the past. Yet the incidence of human trafficking--a modern form of the slave trade --persists and, in fact, continues to grow.... 2009  
Peter Halewood LAYING DOWN THE LAW: POST-RACIALISM AND THE DE-RACINATION PROJECT 72 Albany Law Review 1047 (2009) During the run-up to the 2008 Presidential election, the following essay by Tim Wise was widely circulated on the web and by email. At least half a dozen friends emailed it to me: For those who still can't grasp the concept of white privilege, or who are looking for some easy-to-understand examples of it, perhaps this list will help. White... 2009  
Stephanie L. Plotin LEGAL SCHOLARSHIP, ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING, AND OPEN ACCESS: TRANSFORMATION OR STEADFAST STAGNATION? 101 Law Library Journal 31 (Winter, 2009) This article uses a social shaping of technology perspective, which studies the complex interactions between technology and the culture of a discipline, to investigate the evolution of legal scholarship in the digital age, and to determine how the open access movement has influenced various forms of legal scholarship, particularly law reviews,... 2009  
Nancy J. Knauer LGBT ELDER LAW: TOWARD EQUITY IN AGING 32 Harvard Journal of Law & Gender 1 (Winter 2009) I. LGBT Elders. 8 A. The Numbers. 9 B. The Making of the Pre-Stonewall Generation. 16 1. History. 17 2. The Psychoanalytic Model of Homosexuality. 21 II. Ageism and Homophobia. 25 A. The Invisibility of LGBT Elders: The De-Sexualized Senior and the Hypersexual Homosexual. 26 B. Ageism within the LGBT Community. 29 1. Age Cohorts and Ageism within... 2009  
Denise Pacheco, Veronica Nelly Velez, University of California, Los Angeles, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies MAPS, MAPMAKING, AND CRITICAL PEDAGOGY: EXPLORING GIS AND MAPS AS A TEACHING TOOL FOR SOCIAL CHANGE 8 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 273 (Fall/Winter 2009) I was nervous standing in front of my family, over one hundred community members, and the Pasadena School Board. I checked and double-checked my computer, power point slides, and notes one last time. The GIS maps I had spent months creating were ready to go--but was I? I gazed out into the audience at each one of the parents, students, and... 2009  
Margaret Montoya , Christine Zuni Cruz , Interviewed by Gene Grant NARRATIVE BRAIDS: PERFORMING RACIAL LITERACY 33 American Indian Law Review 153 (2008-2009) I am from Oke Owingeh and Isleta Pueblo. My mother is from Oke Owingeh. I am a member of my father's Pueblo, the Pueblo of Isleta. - Professor Christine Zuni Cruz I was born in Las Vegas, New Mexico, to Ricardo Montoya and Virginia Alarid Montoya. One of the earliest memories from my school years is of my mother braiding my hair, making my... 2009  
Mitchell F. Crusto OBAMA'S MORAL CAPITALISM: RESUSCITATING THE AMERICAN DREAM 63 University of Miami Law Review 1011 (July, 2009) Fairness is a fundamental principle of American culture. Is it also a constitutional principle to redress economic oppression? Simply, does the U.S. Constitution protect its citizens from predatory lending practices? Will President Obama's call for empathy in constitutional jurisprudence protect America's middle and under-privileged classes from... 2009  
Ezra Rosser ON BECOMING "PROFESSOR": A SEMI-SERIOUS LOOK IN THE MIRROR 36 Florida State University Law Review 215 (Winter, 2009) Were this a typical law review article, I would begin by hinting-in less than three sentences-at a broad theory that would revolutionize the field reflected in the article. What I would actually be doing is attempting to use enough big words to disguise the fact that instead of being a presentation of a transformative idea, the only original... 2009  
Audrey G. McFarlane OPERATIVELY WHITE?: EXPLORING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RACE AND CLASS THROUGH THE PARADOX OF BLACK MIDDLE-CLASSNESS 72 Law and Contemporary Problems 163 (Fall 2009) Analytically race and class are theoretically distinct. Realistically in the US they are indistinguishable. [R]ace is . . . the modality in which class is lived . . . . No current discussion of race in the United States is complete without acknowledging the interaction of race and class. Both are overlapping categories of identity that lead to... 2009  
Frank Rudy Cooper OUR FIRST UNISEX PRESIDENT?: BLACK MASCULINITY AND OBAMA'S FEMININE SIDE 86 Denver University Law Review 633 (2009) People often talk about the significance of Barack Obama's status as our first black President. During the 2008 Presidential campaign, however, a newspaper columnist declared, If Bill Clinton was once considered America's first black president, Obama may one day be viewed as our first woman president. That statement epitomized a large media... 2009  
I. Bennett Capers POLICING, RACE, AND PLACE 44 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 43 (Winter 2009) Most Americans live in neighborhoods and communities segregated along racial lines, and take this segregation for granted. To the extent they view their communities as racially segregated at all, they assume that this segregation is largely the result of individual choice, socio-economic status, or perhaps a remnant of de jure segregation. The... 2009  
Sumi Cho POST-RACIALISM 94 Iowa Law Review 1589 (July, 2009) ABSTRACT: Rather than treat post-racialism as a political trend or social fact, this Article argues that post-racialism in its current iteration is a twenty-first century ideology that reflects a belief that due to racial progress the state need not engage in race-based decision-making or adopt race-based remedies, and that civil society should... 2009  
Frank Rudy Cooper RACE AND ESSENTIALISM IN GLORIA STEINEM 11 Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy 36 (2009) The book that I have referred to the most since law school is Katherine Bartlett and Roseanne Kennedys' anthology Feminist Legal Theory. The reason it holds that unique place on my bookshelf is that it contains the first copy I read of Angela Harris's essay Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory. My edition now has at least three layers of... 2009  
Kelly Sarabyn RACIAL AND SEXUAL PATERNALISM 19 George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal 553 (Summer 2009) Scholars construe the equal protection doctrine in the post-Civil Rights Era as evincing a struggle between the conservative Justices' anti-classification principle and the progressive Justices' anti-subordination principle. After a few indeterminate strikes for each side, the anti-classification principle largely won the battle. Rather than add to... 2009  
Aya Gruber RAPE, FEMINISM, AND THE WAR ON CRIME 84 Washington Law Review 581 (November, 2009) Abstract: Over the past several years, feminism has been increasingly associated with crime control and the incarceration of men. In apparent lock step with the movement of the American penal system, feminists have advocated a host of reforms to strengthen state power to punish gender-based crimes. In the rape context, this effort has produced... 2009  
Iris Halpern RAPE, INCEST, AND HARPER LEE'S TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD: ON ALABAMA'S LEGAL CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER AND SEXUALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF RACIAL SUBORDINATION 18 Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 743 (2009) In 1960, To Kill a Mockingbird was published to significant popular acclaim: a reception that has proved enduring. Mockingbird remains one of the most widely circulated works in United States history. Curiously enough, however, the nonpareil American novel known for its condemnation of racism has proven itself a more venerable object in the heart... 2009  
Francisco Valdes REBELLIOUS KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION, ACADEMIC ACTIVISM, & OUTSIDER DEMOCRACY: FROM PRINCIPLES TO PRACTICES IN LATCRIT THEORY, 1995 TO 2008 8 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 131 (Fall/Winter 2009) This annual lecture, as the program schedule indicates, is designed to provide a sense of some notable principles and practices that underlie and animate LatCrit theory, praxis, and community as an expression of critical outsider jurisprudence, or OutCrit legal studies. Because the LatCrit community and body of work are multiply diverse,... 2009  
Audrey G. McFarlane REBUILDING THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE CITY: REGULATORY TAKING'S ANTI-SUBORDINATION INSIGHTS FOR EMINENT DOMAIN AND REDEVELOPMENT 42 Indiana Law Review 97 (2009) The eminent domain debate, steeped in the language of property rights, currently lacks language and conceptual space to address what is really at issue in today's cities: complex, fundamental disagreements between market and community about development. The core doctrinal issue presented by development is how can we acknowledge the subordination of... 2009  
Christina Yang REDEFINING AND RECLAIMING KOREAN ADOPTEE IDENTITY: GRASSROOTS INTERNET COMMUNITIES AND THE HAGUE CONVENTION ON PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND CO-OPERATION IN RESPECT OF INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION 16 Asian American Law Journal 131 (2009) My parents told me that summer of my arrival I would sing and talk in Korean. Of course they never knew what I was saying. They also told me that in those first weeks I would run up to the front door, throw my body up against it and cry and cry and say in Korean, Jip e ka le! My sister, born to my parents and age 9 at the time, thought it might... 2009  
Mario L. Barnes REFLECTION ON A DREAM WORLD: RACE, POST-RACE AND THE QUESTION OF MAKING IT OVER 11 Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy 6 (2009) We Dream A World A world I dream where black or white, Whatever race you be, Will share the bounties of the earth And every man is free Fifteen years ago, as a third-year law student, I published my book note in the inaugural issue of the African-American Law and Policy Report (ALPR). The note was inspired both by the book reviewed--Derrick Bell's,... 2009  
Jeannine Bell RESTRAINING THE HEARTLESS: RACIST SPEECH AND MINORITY RIGHTS 84 Indiana Law Journal 963 (Summer, 2009) It may be true that morality cannot be legislated, but behavior can be regulated. The law may not change the heart, but it can restrain the heartless. In Spain on November 17, 2004, during a friendly soccer match between Spain and England, two Black players for the English team were subjected to monkey noises and racist slogans chanted by... 2009  
Harvey Gee REVIEW ESSAY: ASIAN AMERICANS, CRITICAL RACE THEORY, AND THE END OF THE MODEL MINORITY MYTH 19 Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review 149 (Fall 2009) The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism by Rosalind S. Chou & Joe R. Feagin, Paradigm Publishers, Pp. 251 (2008) Race Law Stories, Foundation Press, Pp. 608 (eds. Rachel F. Moran & Devon W. Carbado 2008) Race issues are rarely spoken about in everyday conversation. In a speech to Justice Department employees marking Black... 2009  
Robert S. Chang RICHARD DELGADO AND THE POLITICS OF CITATION 11 Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy 28 (2009) Twenty-five years ago, Professor Richard Delgado published The Imperial Scholar. The article asserted that a group of white scholars dominated the field of civil rights scholarship to the exclusion of minority scholars. It created a firestorm of sorts with what one critic called a serious charge of invidious racism on the part of respected legal... 2009  
David Gillborn RISK-FREE RACISM: WHITENESS AND SO-CALLED "FREE SPEECH" 44 Wake Forest Law Review 535 (Summer 2009) This Article examines the costs of so-called free speech in relation to race, particularly with reference to debates about a supposed link between race and intelligence/educability. Drawing on an analysis of media coverage in the United Kingdom, I show how Whiteness (a regime of beliefs and attitudes that embodies the interests and assumptions of... 2009  
Anthony Paul Farley SHATTERED: AFTERWORD FOR DEFINING RACE, A JOINT SYMPOSIUM OF THE ALBANY LAW REVIEW AND THE ALBANY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY© 72 Albany Law Review 1053 (2009) What happened shattered whatever it was that we once were. Slavery happened. We are the fragments of that happening. And it is still happening. We the fragments are citizens of the undiscovered country. We the fragments, striving for a lost union, continually burst apart. Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations makes no mention of what happened. We will... 2009  
Rhonda V. Magee SLAVERY AS IMMIGRATION? 44 University of San Francisco Law Review 273 (Fall 2009) As an African-American woman and legal scholar, I have long been troubled by the absence of sustained discourse within the legal academy on the legacies of American chattel slavery and its multifaceted impact on contemporary U.S. law and policy. Since entering the academy, I have puzzled, mostly in silence, over the continued absence of scholarship... 2009  
Alyssa A. DiRusso TESTACY AND INTESTACY: THE DYNAMICS OF WILLS AND DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS 23 Quinnipiac Probate Law Journal 36 (2009) Intestacy is perhaps the final divide between the Haves and the Have-Nots. When we die, the law gives each of us one last chance to use its force to carry out our wishes with respect to what we own. Those who fail to create an individualized estate plan become subject to the rules of intestacy laws, which provide a scheme of distribution in default... 2009  
Deleso Alford Washington THE ANATOMY OF A "PANTSUIT": PERFORMANCE, PROXY AND PRESENCE FOR WOMEN OF COLOR IN LEGAL EDUCATION 30 Hamline Journal of Public Law and Policy 605 (Spring 2009) I am a Good Sister! I have earthed many students with my wisdom and spiritual insight I have run a good race with mental strength and physical might; all while lecturing, during both day and night I am nothing but the Truth! I am a Good Sister! I have withstood historical lies told about me; My light so bright, those who were blind could not help... 2009  
Andrés L. Carrillo THE COSTS OF SUCCESS: MEXICAN AMERICAN IDENTITY PERFORMANCE WITHIN CULTURALLY CODED CLASSROOMS AND EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT 18 Southern California Review of Law & Social Justice 641 (Fall 2009) Education, then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men--the balance-wheel of the social machinery. Mexican Americans have fast become the largest segment of students enrolled in California's public education system. From 1981 to 2001, the percentage of Latino students enrolled in public schools... 2009  
Lorenzo Bowman, Tonette Rocco, Elizabeth Peterson THE EXCLUSION OF RACE FROM MANDATED CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS: A CRITICAL RACE THEORY ANALYSIS 8 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 229 (Fall/Winter 2009) Forty states mandate continuing legal education (CLE) for practicing lawyers in their jurisdictions. Lawyers who fail to meet the mandated CLE requirements of their jurisdictions are often subject to suspension and, ultimately, disbarment. Given the penalty for noncompliance, almost all practicing lawyers in these jurisdictions take CLE... 2009  
Kevin R. Johnson THE INTERSECTION OF RACE AND CLASS IN U.S. IMMIGRATION LAW AND ENFORCEMENT 72 Law and Contemporary Problems 1 (Fall 2009) Since its emergence in the 1960s and 1970s, ethnic- (including white) studies scholarship has analyzed race and class as intertwined and interrelated. An inherently conservative discipline, law is notoriously resistant to scholarly change. As a result, legal scholarship often lags behind the cutting edge of other disciplines. Not surprisingly, only... 2009  
Alice M. Thomas THE RACIAL WEALTH DIVIDE THROUGH THE EYES OF THE YOUNGER FAMILY: UNDOING AMERICA'S LEGACY OF WEALTH INEQUALITY IN SEARCH OF THE ELUSIVE AMERICAN DREAM UTILIZING A SANKOFA MODEL OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE 5 Florida A & M University Law Review 1 (Fall 2009) I. Introduction. 2 II. Contextual Background & Historical Perspective. 15 III. The Problem - Entrenched Racial Inequality Amplified through the Multiracial Wealth Divide. 24 A. The Nature and Magnitude of the Problem. 24 B. Lifting the Veil on the Past: The History of the Wealth Divide. 29 1. In General. 29 2. Native Americans. 31 3. African... 2009  
Russell Powell THEOLOGY IN PUBLIC REASON AND LEGAL DISCOURSE: A CASE FOR THE PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR 15 Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice 327 (Spring, 2009) C1-3Table of Contents I. Introduction. 329 II. The Role of Theology in Public Discourse. 334 III. The Preferential Option for the Poor. 338 A. Core Principles of Catholic Social Thought. 339 B. Origins of the Preferential Option. 340 1. Scriptural Bases. 341 2. Tradition through the Second Vatican Council. 343 3. Latin American Bishops and the... 2009  
Ruben J. Garcia TOWARD FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE FOR THE PROTECTION OF LOW-WAGE WORKERS: THE "WORKERS' RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS" DEBATE IN THE OBAMA ERA 1 University of Chicago Legal Forum 421 (2009) As President Obama's administration begins this year, labor and employment policy is one of the areas that will likely change. This change will take the form of a legislative agenda that either offers new worker protections or reverses past decisions that have a negative effect on workers' rights. One of the first examples of change is the... 2009  
Hope Lewis TRANSNATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF RACE IN AMERICA 72 Albany Law Review 999 (2009) -Out of many, one people. Jamaica, the nation from which my parents and grandmothers migrated to the United States, includes a motto on its national coat of arms that is at once inspiring and yet disturbingly ironic: Out of many . . . one people. The embl 2009  
Mitchell F. Crusto UNCONSCIOUS CLASSISM: ENTITY EQUALITY FOR SOLE PROPRIETORS 11 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 215 (January, 2009) I. Unconscious Classism and Elevating the Entity Rights of Sole Proprietors. 218 A. Sole Proprietor's View of the Firm. 218 B. The Lens of Unconscious Classism and Critical Class Theory. 222 C. Overview of the Article. 224 II. Sole Proprietorship Law Is Ripe for Review Because the Law and the Solitary Alter Ego View Treat the Sole Proprietorship as... 2009  
Liz Hollingworth UNINTENDED EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT 12 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 311 (Winter 2009) The rules and regulations of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB or the Act) have not reduced the gap in student academic achievement as much as Congress originally intended. The great promise of NCLB is that, once held accountable, schools will finally focus on the education of low-achieving students, thus reducing the gap in student academic... 2009  
Penelope E. Andrews WHO'S AFRAID OF POLYGAMY? EXPLORING THE BOUNDARIES OF FAMILY, EQUALITY AND CUSTOM IN SOUTH AFRICA 11 Journal of Law and Family Studies 303 (2009) Introduction. 303 I. Competing Narratives of Liberation: African Nationalism and Feminism. 306 II. The Constitution and Traditional Law. 311 III. The Constitution and Gender Equality. 314 IV. The Constitutional Court and Gender Equality. 316 V. Gender Equality and Polygamy. 320 VI. Polygamy and the Recognition of Customary Marriages. 325 VII.... 2009  
Penelope E. Andrews WHO'S AFRAID OF POLYGAMY? EXPLORING THE BOUNDARIES OF FAMILY, EQUALITY AND CUSTOM IN SOUTH AFRICA 2009 Utah Law Review 351 (2009) Introduction. 351 I. Competing Narratives of Liberation: African Nationalism and Feminism. 354 II. The Constitution and Traditional Law. 359 III. The Constitution and Gender Equality. 362 IV. The Constitutional Court and Gender Equality. 364 V. Gender Equality and Polygamy. 368 VI. Polygamy and the Recognition of Customary Marriages. 373 VII.... 2009  
Teri A. McMurtry-Chubb WRITING AT THE MASTER'S TABLE: REFLECTIONS ON THEFT, CRIMINALITY, AND OTHERNESS IN THE LEGAL WRITING PROFESSION 2 Drexel Law Review 41 (Fall 2009) The alert came over the university email one Friday afternoon. There had been a rash of burglaries in the vicinity of the university where I was employed as a legal writing professor. The culprits? Two finely dressed thirty-something women, and a white male in his mid-fifties. These well-heeled bandits gained entrance into various buildings and... 2009  
K.J. Greene "COPYNORMS," BLACK CULTURAL PRODUCTION, AND THE DEBATE OVER AFRICAN-AMERICAN REPARATIONS 25 Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 1179 (2008) I. African-American Creativity, Invention and innovation in historical context. 1182 A. Racial Subordniation in the Intellectual Property Context. 1183 B. Invisibility of Black Cultural Production in the Intellectual Property Context. 1184 C. The Centrality of African-American Cultural Production to U.S. Culture and Law. 1185 D. Black Creativity in... 2008  
Margaret E. Montoya , Francisco Valdes "LATINAS/OS" AND LATINA/O LEGAL STUDIES: A CRITICAL AND SELF-CRITICAL REVIEW OF LATCRIT THEORY AND LEGAL MODELS OF KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION 4 FIU Law Review 187 (Fall, 2008) I. Introduction. 188 A. The Promise and the Danger: Latinas/os as a Demographic Surge. 189 B. Within the Legal Academy: The Emergence of Latina/o Legal Studies (LatCrit). 192 C. Meaning and Location: The Emergence of LatCrit as a Coalitional Antisubordination Knowledge-Production Project. 194 II. Knowledge Production Models: A Brief Overview.... 2008  
Margaret E. Montoya , Francisco Valdes "LATINAS/OS" AND THE POLITICS OF KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION: LATCRIT SCHOLARSHIP AND ACADEMIC ACTIVISM AS SOCIAL JUSTICE ACTION 83 Indiana Law Journal 1197 (Fall, 2008) For at least a decade now, drums have beat and trumpets blared heralding the arrival of Latinas/os onto the national policy-and-politics stage of the United States. Pundits have declared seismic political possibilities following from this demographic surge while the 2000 Census confirmed that numerical growth among Latina/o-identified... 2008  
Gregory S. Parks , Shayne E. Jones "NIGGER": A CRITICAL RACE REALIST ANALYSIS OF THE N-WORD WITHIN HATE CRIMES LAW 98 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1305 (Summer 2008) A word is not a crystal, transparent and unchanged, it is the skin of a living thought and may vary greatly in color and content according to the circumstances and the time in which it is used. -- Oliver Wendell Holmes Although the slang epithet nigger may once have been in common usage . . . [it] has become particularly abusive and insulting . .... 2008  
Cynthia Der A CHINESE AMERICAN SEAT AT THE TABLE: EXAMINING RACE IN THE SAN FRANCISCO UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT 42 University of San Francisco Law Review 1077 (Spring 2008) RACE HAS ALWAYS BEEN a complicated issue in the K-12 education policy arena. While administrators and policy makers debate topics such as standardized testing, budgets and funding, curriculum development, and achievement gaps, issues concerning race are often forgotten. When race was discussed in the past, much of the discussion focused on the... 2008  
Kevin R. Johnson A HANDICAPPED, NOT "SLEEPING," GIANT: THE DEVASTATING IMPACT OF THE INITIATIVE PROCESS ON LATINA/O AND IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES 96 California Law Review 1259 (October, 2008) Despite being questioned on many grounds, direct democracy remains popular in many states. Calls for reform of the initiative process abound. Consider a few frequently expressed concerns about initiative lawmaking. Some critics contend that direct democracy benefits well-financed interest groups--often derided as special interests--that are able... 2008  
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