AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYear
H. Morley Swingle , Prosecuting Attorney Cape Girardeau County DRUG RECOGNITON EXPERTS IN MISSOURI 66 Journal of the Missouri Bar 250 (September/October, 2010) Missouri began its Drug Recognition Expert Program in 1992. As of 2010, there are 160 active certified drug recognition experts in Missouri. The Missouri Highway Patrol alone has 28, with at least two stationed in every troop in the state. Research indicates that these experts have testified in at least 26 of Missouri's 114 counties. Statewide,... 2010
Kristin Faucette FIRST AMENDMENT CHALLENGES TO THE FAMILY SMOKING PREVENTION AND TOBACCO CONTROL ACT: BALANCING CONGRESS' INTEREST IN PRESERVING PUBLIC HEALTH WITH THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY'S RIGHT TO FREELY COMMUNICATE WITH ADULT SMOKERS 6 Journal of Health & Biomedical Law 301 (2010) Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, and tobacco use is responsible for roughly one in five deaths annually, or more than four hundred thousand deaths per year. According to the Institute of Medicine, smoking-related deaths account for more deaths than AIDS, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, homicide, suicide,... 2010
Alyssa L. Beaver GETTING A FIX ON COCAINE SENTENCING POLICY: REFORMING THE SENTENCING SCHEME OF THE ANTI-DRUG ABUSE ACT OF 1986 78 Fordham Law Review 2531 (April, 2010) The now-infamous War on Drugs campaign of the 1980s culminated in the adoption of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, which included a provision for a one-hundred-to-one sentencing ratio of powder cocaine to crack cocaine. This ratio provides that the penalty for a crime involving five or ten grams of crack cocaine is equivalent to the sentence for... 2010
Seth Harp GLOBALIZATION OF THE U.S. BLACK MARKET: PROHIBITION, THE WAR ON DRUGS, AND THE CASE OF MEXICO 85 New York University Law Review 1661 (November, 2010) Prohibition of alcohol from 1919 to 1933 is a paradigmatic case of sumptuary legislation gone awry. Instead of removing alcohol from the market, Prohibition increased alcohol's potency and decreased its quality, resulting in a spike in drunkenness and accidental deaths while black market corruption and violence abounded. The same criticisms are... 2010
Jonathan P. Caulkins, Peter Reuter HOW DRUG ENFORCEMENT AFFECTS DRUG PRICES 39 Crime and Justice 213 (2010) Enforcement against drug selling remains the principal tool of drug control in the United States and many other countries. Though the risk of incarceration for a drug dealer has risen fivefold or more over the last 25 years in the United States, the prices of cocaine and heroin have fallen substantially. Different models of how enforcement affects... 2010
Kevin R. Johnson IT'S THE ECONOMY, STUPID: THE HIJACKING OF THE DEBATE OVER IMMIGRATION REFORM BY MONSTERS, GHOSTS, AND GOBLINS (OR THE WAR ON DRUGS, WAR ON TERROR, NARCOTERRORISTS, ETC.) 13 Chapman Law Review 583 (Spring 2010) The title to this conference -- Drug War Madness: Policies, Borders, and Corruption--brings to mind many images, few of them positive. Although Mexico is not mentioned in the conference title, much of the live symposium at which this paper was originally presented discussed drug war madness in connection with the United States and Mexico. My... 2010
Judge Kevin S. Burke JUST WHAT MADE DRUG COURTS SUCCESSFUL? 36 New England Journal on Criminal and Civil Confinement 39 (Winter, 2010) In the early 1970s, the United States saw a wave of new laws imposing dramatically harsher penalties for drug convictions. Court systems already inundated with serious offenses were flooded with drug cases as arrests for drug-related crimes in the United States jumped from 322,000 in 1970 to more than 1.3 million in 1998. Recidivism rates were... 2010
Kevin S. Burke JUST WHAT MADE DRUG COURTS SUCCESSFUL? 94 Judicature 119 (November-December 2010) In the early 1970s, the United States saw a wave of new laws imposing dramatically harsher penalties for drug convictions. Court systems already inundated with serious offenses were flooded with drug cases as arrests for drug-related crimes in the United States jumped from 322,000 in 1970 to more than 1.3 million in 1998. Recidivism rates were... 2010
Kimani Paul-Emile MAKING SENSE OF DRUG REGULATION: A THEORY OF LAW FOR DRUG CONTROL POLICY 19 Cornell Journal of Law & Public Policy 691 (Summer 2010) This Article advances a new theory of drug regulation that addresses two previously unexamined questions: how law-makers are able to regulate drugs differently irrespective of the dangers the drugs may pose and independent of their health effects, and the process followed to achieve this phenomenon. For example, although tobacco products are the... 2010
Deborah Ahrens METHADEMIC: DRUG PANIC IN AN AGE OF AMBIVALENCE 37 Florida State University Law Review 841 (Summer, 2010) The story of criminal sanctions in modern America is a familiar-and depressing-narrative. According to the narrative, we live in an era where the dynamics of popular politics, the practices of the media, and the (often racialized) anxieties of modern life combine to create a one-way ratchet, in which we identify perceived new threats to public... 2010
Kirin F. Hilliar, Richard I. Kemp, Thomas F. Denson NOW EVERYONE LOOKS THE SAME: ALCOHOL INTOXICATION REDUCES THE OWN-RACE BIAS IN FACE RECOGNITION 34 Law and Human Behavior 367 (October, 2010) Several factors influence the reliability of eyewitness identification evidence. Typically, recognition for same-race faces is better than for different-race faces (the own-race bias), and alcohol intoxication decreases overall face recognition accuracy. This research investigated how alcohol intoxication influences the own-race bias.... 2010
Matthew Avery PERSONALIZED MEDICINE AND RESCUING "UNSAFE" DRUGS WITH PHARMACOGENOMICS: A REGULATORY PERSPECTIVE 65 Food & Drug Law Journal 37 (2010) For more than a decade, we have been on the verge of a new era in medicine, but scientific hurdles, adverse market pressures and outdated regulations have blocked progress .. Genomics holds the promise of revolutionary advances in medicine. Hopefully Congress will soon realize the enormous potential of genomics and pass this legislation to support... 2010
Sarah French Russell RETHINKING RECIDIVIST ENHANCEMENTS: THE ROLE OF PRIOR DRUG CONVICTIONS IN FEDERAL SENTENCING 43 U.C. Davis Law Review 1135 (April, 2010) Recidivist sentencing enhancements, which increase criminal sentences for defendants with prior convictions, are a prominent feature of the federal criminal justice system. This Article considers the policy rationales supporting recidivist enhancements and reexamines them in light of two recent Supreme Court cases, United States v. Booker and... 2010
Celesta A. Albonetti , Robert D. Baller SENTENCING IN FEDERAL DRUG TRAFFICKING/MANUFACTURING CASES: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF EXTRA-LEGAL DEFENDANT CHARACTERISTICS, GUIDELINES DEPARTURES, AND CONTINUITY OF CULTURE 14 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 41 (Fall 2010) In the past three decades, researchers have conducted numerous sociological studies and legal analyses on the impact, if any, of extra-legal variables on outcomes in the legal system. Within this broadly defined area of study, a significant and growing body of scholarly research is focusing on examining outcome disparity in criminal adjudication in... 2010
Jennifer C. Pierotti THE "BOTTOM LINE": A SMOKESCREEN FOR THE REALITY THAT ANTI-TOBACCO EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES ARE HAZARDOUS TO MINORITY HEALTH AND EQUALITY 26 Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 441 (Spring, 2010) What new growing employment trend would disqualify Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein, and President Barack Obama as potential employees, and make Adolf Hitler the best applicant? In light of the increasing number of private companies that are making tobacco use outside the workplace a disqualifying factor in employment... 2010
Richard C. Boldt THE "TOMAHAWK" AND THE "HEALING BALM" : DRUG TREATMENT COURTS IN THEORY AND PRACTICE 10 University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class 45 (Spring 2010) There is a strong association in the United States (U.S.) between the misuse of alcohol and other drugs and criminal offending. The correlation is complex, as there are a number of predisposing factors that are common both to substance abuse and to criminal involvement, including poverty, unemployment, and mental illness. Whatever the precise... 2010
Sam Kamin, Associate Professor, Sturm College of Law, University of Denver THE CHALLENGES OF MARIJUANA LAW REFORM 2010 Aspatore Special Report 22 (unknown) The past several years have seen an explosion of marijuana law reform in the United States. While marijuana remains a Schedule 1 narcotic whose sale and manufacture are prohibited by federal criminal laws, many states have moved to decriminalize the drug, to permit its use as a medicine and even, in some states, to legalize it completely. This... 2010
Alex Kreit THE DECRIMINALIZATION OPTION: SHOULD STATES CONSIDER MOVING FROM A CRIMINAL TO A CIVIL DRUG COURT MODEL? 2010 University of Chicago Legal Forum 299 (2010) As states look to shave their corrections budgets in the midst of the recession, many are thinking about options to reform what is widely considered to be a bloated and ineffective approach to drug policy. While the effort to move beyond failed drug war policies and adopt smarter and more cost-effective measures is a positive step, the policy... 2010
Joel Gross THE EFFECTS OF NET-WIDENING ON MINORITY AND INDIGENT DRUG OFFENDERS: A CRITIQUE OF DRUG COURTS 10 University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class 161 (Spring 2010) Proponents of therapeutic justice praise the drug court system for surpassing the traditional criminal justice system in lowering recidivism rates and reducing the negative effects associated with quality-of-life offenses. For example, a United States Department of Justice study of recidivism rates in the drug courts of Miami, Florida found that... 2010
Erik S. Siebert THE PROCESS IS THE PROBLEM: LESSONS LEARNED FROM UNITED STATES DRUG SENTENCING REFORM 44 University of Richmond Law Review 867 (January, 2010) The United States drug sentencing structure is one of the most complex, commonly used, and criticized systems in the federal courts. From its clear and focused origin, the federal sentencing system has morphed into a tangled mass of rules and regulations that few grasp and even fewer like. It has been criticized for being unfair and racially... 2010
John Stogner THE WAR ON WHISKEY IN THE WOMB: ASSESSING THE MERIT OF CHALLENGES TO STATUTES RESTRICTING THE ALCOHOL INTAKE OF PREGNANT WOMEN 7 Rutgers Journal of Law & Public Policy 259 (Spring, 2010) I. Introduction. 260 II. The Concerns over Drinking While Pregnant. 261 III. The Statutes in Question. 266 IV. Debunking the Arguments Against Restricting Alcohol Use in Pregnancy. 272 A. Addressing Privacy Concerns. 273 B. Equal Protection Concerns. 278 i. The Gender Argument. 278 ii. The Pregnancy Status Argument. 281 iii. The Socioeconomic... 2010
Marc Mauer, (At the Richard Nixon Library) WELCOME DINNER: "THE DRUG WAR AND ITS SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS" 13 Chapman Law Review 695 (Spring 2010) Dean Timothy Canova: Thank you everyone for being here tonight. This is such a great venue for a Symposium on the War on Drugs. President Richard Nixon was the first President to actually declare war on drugs, so it's very fitting to be here tonight, and to hear perhaps a critique of the war. Before I introduce Marc Mauer, our key-note speaker, I... 2010
Kevin Robert Glandon BRIGHT LINES ON THE ROAD: THE FOURTH AMENDMENT, THE AUTOMATIC COMPANION RULE, THE "AUTOMATIC CONTAINER" RULE, AND A NEW RULE FOR DRUG- OR FIREARM-RELATED TRAFFIC STOP COMPANION SEARCHES INCIDENT TO LAWFUL ARREST 46 American Criminal Law Review 1267 (Summer, 2009) Introduction. 1268 I. Current Law, Historical Development, and Unresolved Questions. 1270 A. The State of the Law. 1271 B. History & Development of the Fourth Amendment as It Applies to Automobiles. 1273 1. What is a Search?. 1274 2. Searches & Seizures: The Requirement of Reasonableness. 1274 3. When a Warrant is Not Required. 1275 4. Automobile... 2009
Eric J. Miller DRUGS, COURTS, AND THE NEW PENOLOGY 20 Stanford Law and Policy Review 417 (2009) Perhaps the most important judicial response to the War on Drugs has been the creation of specialty drug courts designed to ameliorate the impact of drug sentencing policy on individual drug users. The drug court's central goal is to provide a safety valve for the cycle of incarceration-release-recidivism that filled prisons with low-level drug... 2009
Michael Vitiello LEGALIZING MARIJUANA: CALIFORNIA'S POT OF GOLD? 2009 Wisconsin Law Review 1349 (2009) In early 2009, a member of the California Assembly introduced a bill that would have legalized marijuana in an effort to raise tax revenue and reduce prison costs. While the bill's proponent withdrew the bill, he vowed to renew his efforts in the next term. Other prominent California officials, including Governor Schwarzenegger, have indicated... 2009
Steven B. Duke MASS IMPRISONMENT, CRIME RATES, AND THE DRUG WAR: A PENOLOGICAL AND HUMANITARIAN DISGRACE 9 Connecticut Public Interest Law Journal 17 (Fall-Winter, 2009) The explosion in our prison population began in 1973, the same year President Nixon declared war on drugs. During the preceding forty years, the prison population was stable at around 200,000. Since 1970, however, the number of people in U.S. prisons and jails has increased 800 percent and our rate of imprisonment, the percentage of the population... 2009
Eric Blumenson, Eva Nilsen NO RATIONAL BASIS: THE PRAGMATIC CASE FOR MARIJUANA LAW REFORM 17 Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law 43 (Fall 2009) This article presents a critique of marijuana prohibition and suggests some alternative regulatory approaches that would be more productive and consonant with justice. Part I relies on a forty-year empirical record to demonstrate that (1) reliance on a law enforcement approach has aggravated rather than mitigated the risks involved with marijuana... 2009
Krista Stone-Manista PROTECTING PREGNANT WOMEN: A GUIDE TO SUCCESSFULLY CHALLENGING CRIMINAL CHILD ABUSE PROSECUTIONS OF PREGNANT DRUG ADDICTS 99 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 823 (Summer 2009) This Comment is intended to enable advocates for pregnant women to challenge the impermissible and unconstitutional prosecutions of pregnant drug users for criminal child abuse and endangerment. The Comment surveys the history of such prosecutions, and considers the policy justifications for them, before turning to an analysis of the frameworks... 2009
Jamie Fellner RACE, DRUGS, AND LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES 20 Stanford Law and Policy Review 257 (2009) Since the mid-1980s, the United States has pursued aggressive law enforcement strategies to curtail the use and distribution of illegal drugs. The costs and benefits of this national war on drugs remain fiercely debated. What is not debatable, however, is that this ostensibly race-neutral effort has been waged primarily against black Americans.... 2009
Kelley R. Brandstetter REPEALING THE DRUG-FREE STUDENT LOAN PROVISION: WOULD PUTTING DOPE BACK INTO THE COLLEGE CLASSROOM HELP KEEP DOPE OFF THE STREET AND OUT OF THE PRISON SYSTEM? 77 University of Cincinnati Law Review 1127 (Spring 2009) Jane Dope was an 18-year-old freshman at the University of Temptation (UT). She was exceedingly focused on academics but not on making many friends during the first few months of school. One night, Jane decided to accept a classmate's invitation to attend a house party located near UT's campus. Jane was enjoying herself and meeting new people until... 2009
Michael M. O'Hear RETHINKING DRUG COURTS: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AS A RESPONSE TO RACIAL INJUSTICE 20 Stanford Law and Policy Review 463 (2009) Since their first appearance in Miami in 1989, specialized drug treatment courts have grown phenomenally popular, with nearly 2,000 now in existence. Although their effectiveness is a matter of debate among academics, their political appeal remains strong. This popularity stems in large part from the unpopularity of what is generally seen as the... 2009
Marques P. Richeson SEX, DRUGS, AND . . . RACE-TO-CASTRATE: A BLACK BOX WARNING OF CHEMICAL CASTRATION'S POTENTIAL RACIAL SIDE EFFECTS 25 Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal 95 (Spring 2009) I. History of Castration in the United States: Eliminating the Unfit . 98 II. The Middle Passage: From Circumcision to Castration. 101 III. History of Black Male Castration: Demasculinization, Dehumanization, and Invisibility. 103 A. Castration as a Tool of Demasculinization. 107 B. Castration as a Tool of Dehumanization. 108 C. Castration as a... 2009
Kimberli Gasparon THE DARK HORSE OF DRUG ABUSE: LEGAL ISSUES OF ADMINISTERING PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUGS TO RACEHORSES 16 Villanova Sports and Entertainment Law Journal 199 (2009) Could you imagine different human athlete drug policies for teams in different states in the National Football League or National Basketball Association? On June 22, 2007, the Kentucky Horse Racing Authority (KHRA) searched the stables of trainer Patrick Biancone and found vials of cobra venom, a Class A drug. This was not the first time that... 2009
Ruth C. Stern, J. Herbie DiFonzo THE END OF THE RED QUEEN'S RACE: MEDICAL MARIJUANA IN THE NEW CENTURY 27 Quinnipiac Law Review 673 (2009) Lately it occurs to me What a long strange trip it's been. Robert Hunter More than forty years after the Summer of Love, marijuana still soothes and vexes the public consciousness. Research data on the therapeutic uses of cannabis continue to accumulate, adding fuel to an ongoing controversy about permissible drug use. In recent decades the... 2009
Cynthia S. Duncan THE NEED FOR CHANGE: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MARIJUANA POLICY 41 Connecticut Law Review 1701 (July, 2009) The Controlled Substances Act was enacted in 1970. Since that time, billions of dollars have been spent enforcing marijuana prohibition and millions of individuals have been arrested. Despite these efforts, there has been little to no success in controlling the availability of marijuana. Federal and state efforts to reduce marijuana production and... 2009
Lars Noah THIS IS YOUR PRODUCTS LIABILITY RESTATEMENT ON DRUGS 74 Brooklyn Law Review 839 (Spring, 2009) I. Introduction. 840 II. Flaws In Production. 841 A. Manufacturing Defects. 841 B. Design Defects. 842 1. MUDs and Child's Play. 848 2. Snowflakes (and Cost-Consciousness)in Medical Practice . 855 3. Myths About Designer (and Lifestyle) Drugs. 861 C. Case Studies . 868 1. Ritodrine. 869 2. Thalidomide. 872 3. Finasteride. 874 4. Polio Vaccines.... 2009
Benjamin N. Roin UNPATENTABLE DRUGS AND THE STANDARDS OF PATENTABILITY 87 Texas Law Review 503 (February, 2009) The role of the patent system in promoting pharmaceutical innovation is widely seen as a tremendous success story. This view overlooks a serious shortcoming in the drug patent system: the standards by which drugs are deemed unpatentable under the novelty and nonobviousness requirements bear little relationship to the social value of those drugs or... 2009
The Honorable Robert W. Sweet WILL MONEY TALK?: THE CASE FOR A COMPREHENSIVE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE WAR ON DRUGS 20 Stanford Law and Policy Review 229 (2009) The War on Drugs has been a central concern of the justice system for the more than thirty years I have served as a federal district court judge in New York City. At the start of my tenure, it was a learning experience for me, as I was introduced to an industry with which I was unfamiliar, beyond the well-publicized stories of busts, codes, and... 2009
Sarah Tope Reise "JUST SAY NO" TO PRO-DRUG AND ALCOHOL STUDENT SPEECH: THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF SCHOOL PROHIBITIONS OF STUDENT SPEECH PROMOTING DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE 57 Emory Law Journal 1259 (2008) Schools across the country prohibit students from promoting or advertising drugs and alcohol. Juneau-Douglas High School in Juneau, Alaska, is no different. So when a student, Joseph Frederick, unfurled a banner reading BONG HITS 4 JESUS while standing outside the school and watching the 2002 Olympic Torch Relay, Principal Deborah Morse requested... 2008
Julie B. Ehrlich BREAKING THE LAW BY GIVING BIRTH: THE WAR ON DRUGS, THE WAR ON REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS, AND THE WAR ON WOMEN 32 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 381 (2008) The distinction between benefits and burdens is more than one of semantics. In the United States, women's reproductive capabilities have been used both to exalt and to oppress women. Women's unique role in reproduction has been used to refuse women the power to secure employment, to bar women from practicing in their chosen profession, and to... 2008
Josh Bowers CONTRAINDICATED DRUG COURTS 55 UCLA Law Review 783 (April, 2008) Over the past two decades, drug treatment courts have gained traction as popular alternatives to the conventional war on drugs and to its one-dimensional focus on incarceration. Specifically, the courts are meant to divert addicts from jails and prisons and into coerced treatment. Under the typical model, a drug offender enters a guilty plea and is... 2008
Charleen Hsuan MEDICAID COVERAGE FOR RACE-BASED DRUGS 41 Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 443 (Summer, 2008) The FDA recently approved BiDil as a race-based drug and suggested that it was the first of many. This Note examines how Medicaid agencies should treat such race-based drugs. It begins by determining when it is medically appropriate for the FDA to approve a drug as a race-based drug. The Note then details the different ways that state Medicaid... 2008
Tomer Blumkin, Yoram Margalioth , Ben-Gurion University, Department of Economics, Buchmann Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ON TERROR, DRUGS AND RACIAL PROFILING 28 International Review of Law & Economics 194 (September, 2008) JEL classification: K14 K42 Keywords: Racial profiling Statistical discrimination Terror Equity-efficiency trade-off We show that for racial profiling (defined as policy rules that employ statistical discrimination based on racial attributes) to be efficient in fighting ordinary crime, it needs to focus on the racial composition of marginal... 2008
Michael Laufert RACE AND POPULATION-BASED MEDICINE: DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE 21 Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics 859 (Summer, 2008) Racial and ethnic minorities have significantly poorer health compared to the United States population as a whole. Compared to the general population, African-Americans are more likely to die from diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and AIDS. These disparities can be attributed to several factors, including but not limited to racism,... 2008
Nancy Morawetz RETHINKING DRUG INADMISSIBILITY 50 William and Mary Law Review 163 (October, 2008) Changes in federal statutory policy, state criminal justice laws, and federal enforcement initiatives have led to an inflexible and zero-tolerance immigration policy with respect to minor drug use. This Article traces the evolution of the statutory scheme and how various provisions in state and federal law interact to create the current policy. It... 2008
Michael Tonry, Matthew Melewski THE MALIGN EFFECTS OF DRUG AND CRIME CONTROL POLICIES ON BLACK AMERICANS 37 Crime and Justice 1 (2008) The disproportionate presence of blacks in American prisons, jails, and Death Rows, and the principal reasons for it--higher rates of commission of violent crimes and racially disparate effects of drug policies and sentencing laws governing violent and drug crimes--are well known. Since the late 1980s, black involvement in violent crime has... 2008
Nikki Jones, University of California, Santa Barbara UNEQUAL UNDER LAW: RACE IN THE WAR ON DRUGS. BY DORIS MARIE PROVINE. CHICAGO AND LONDON: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, 2007. PP. VIII+207. $18.00 PAPER 42 Law and Society Review 934 (December, 2008) In recent years, a number of scholars have documented the accumulating consequences of America's decades-long commitment to imprisonment as the primary response to drug offenses. In Unequal Under Law, Doris Marie Provine adds to this important literature with her examination of the racialized histories of America's harshest drug policies. In six... 2008
Andrew D. Black "THE WAR ON PEOPLE": REFRAMING "THE WAR ON DRUGS" BY ADDRESSING RACISM WITHIN AMERICAN DRUG POLICY THROUGH RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY COLLABORATION 46 University of Louisville Law Review 177 (Fall 2007) Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly. Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. One of every three African-American men between the ages of twenty and twenty-nine are under the control of the... 2007
Andrew C. Mac Nally A FUNCTIONALIST APPROACH TO THE DEFINITION OF "COCAINE BASE" IN § 841 74 University of Chicago Law Review 711 (Spring 2007) Responding to the rise of crack cocaine in the early 1980s, Congress passed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 (ADAA). The ADAA amended 21 USC § 841 of the criminal code by creating a system of mandatory minimum sentences for the possession of different substances. The act was passed quickly, generating little legislative history beyond the floor... 2007
Norm Stamper AMERICA'S DRUG WAR AND THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY 68 Montana Law Review 285 (Summer 2007) I believe that police officers can and must work hand-in-hand with the community to achieve public safety and, at the same time, safeguard constitutional guarantees. I believe the two go hand-in-glove. The largest number of violations of your civil liberties, of Americans' civil liberties, comes at the hands of police, at the federal, state, and... 2007
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