AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYear
Thomas M. Hruz THE UNWISDOM OF THE WISCONSIN FAIR EMPLOYMENT ACT'S BAN OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF CONVICTION RECORDS 85 Marquette Law Review 779 (Spring 2002) I. Introduction. 781 II. Current Status of the Legality of Conviction Record Consideration in Employment Decisions. 783 A. Wisconsin's Fair Employment Act. 783 1. General Provisions, Purpose, and Enforcement. 783 2. Conviction Record. 786 a. Statutory Directives and Exceptions. 787 b. The Substantial Relation Test. 788 i. Overview. 788 ii. The... 2002
Frank J. Cavico TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE WITH CONTRACT IN THE AT-WILL EMPLOYMENT CONTEXT 79 University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 503 (Summer 2002) Employees facing termination, especially employees at-will, frequently have sought to challenge their dismissals with traditional exceptions to the at-will doctrine, such as the implied contract, public policy, and implied covenant of good faith exceptions to the employment at-will doctrine. Not all states, however, recognize such exceptions... 2002
Catherine L. Fisk UNION LAWYERS AND EMPLOYMENT LAW 23 Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 57 (2002) I. Introduction. 58 II. Unions, the Enforcement of Employment Law, and the Problem of Certification Elections. 63 A. The NLRA Protects the Rights of Employees to Obtain Union Assistance in the Enforcement of Employment Law in Non-Union Workplaces. 63 B. The Permissibility of Providing Legal Representation During an Organizing Campaign. 65 1. NLRB... 2002
Michael H. Leroy , Peter Feuille WHEN IS COST AN UNLAWFUL BARRIER TO ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION? THE EVER GREEN TREE OF MANDATORY EMPLOYMENT ARBITRATION 50 UCLA Law Review 143 (October, 2002) During its last term, the U.S. Supreme Court reaffirmed its approval of mandatory arbitration in Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams and Green Tree Financial Corp.-Alabama v. Randolph. The 5-4 votes in these decisions show, however, that this public policy remains controversial. Many firms now require employees to waive their right to sue on... 2002
Kari Jahnke 2000 STUDENT WRITING COMPETITION WINNER: RETALIATORY HARASSMENT AGAINST EMPLOYEES BY EMPLOYEES: SHOULD THE EMPLOYER BE LIABLE? 16 Labor Lawyer 465 (Winter/Spring, 2001) Anna used to enjoy her responsibilities and challenges as a customer service representative and excelled at her job. However, she now dreads work every day. Her work environment is full of hostility and anger toward her. Her co-workers make degrading and derogatory comments regarding her African-American heritage, calling her names and berating... 2001
John Sanchez 2001 SURVEY OF FLORIDA PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT LAW 26 Nova Law Review 191 (Fall, 2001) This article spans the several stages of public employment, beginning with the law governing the hiring of employees. Part II surveys current issues arising out of residency requirements for public employees; how privatization, also known as outsourcing, a process high on Governor Jeb Bush's list of priorities, is fundamentally changing the... 2001
Christina M. Sautter A MATTER OF CLASS: THE IMPACT OF BROWN V. MCLEAN ON EMPLOYEE DISCHARGE CASES 46 Villanova Law Review 421 (2001) We have seen the enemy and sometimes he or she works [or worked] for us. This may be the attitude that many employers have towards their former (litigious) employees as current and former employees file an increasing number of employment discrimination claims each year. Congress originally enacted Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title... 2001
James E. Macdonald , Caryn L. Beck-Dudley A NATURAL LAW DEFENSE TO THE EMPLOYMENT LAW QUESTION: A RESPONSE TO RICHARD EPSTEIN 38 American Business Law Journal 363 (Winter, 2001) Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous employment for whatever capital he can demand. It is his own advantage, indeed, and not that of the society, which he has in view. But the study of his own advantage naturally, or rather necessarily, leads him to prefer that employment which is most advantageous to... 2001
Christopher M. Courts AN ADVERSE EMPLOYMENT ACTION--NOT JUST AN UNFRIENDLY PLACE TO WORK: CO-WORKER RETALIATORY HARASSMENT UNDER TITLE VII 87 Iowa Law Review 235 (October, 2001) I. Introduction. 236 II. Background: Retaliation Claims and Title VII. 237 A. Scope of Protection Under Title VII. 237 B. Elements of a Title VII Retaliation Claim. 240 C. Activities Considered to Be Adverse Employment Actions Under the Narrow View. 241 D. Activities Considered to Be Adverse Employment Actions Under the Broad View. 243 III.... 2001
Susan Bisom-Rapp AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION IS A POOR SUBSTITUTE FOR A POUND OF CURE: CONFRONTING THE DEVELOPING JURISPRUDENCE OF EDUCATION AND PREVENTION IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAW 22 Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 1 (2001) I. Introduction. 2 II. Evolution of the Jurisprudence of Education and Prevention. 6 III. The New Jurisprudence in Context: Regulations by the Regulated. 13 A. The Sum and Substance of Anti-Discrimination Training Programs. 15 1. Sexual Harassment Training in Context. 17 2. Diversity Training in Context. 20 B. Anti-Discrimination Training and the... 2001
Michael Green BLACK PLAINTIFFS AND CLASS ACTION EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAWSUITS IN CORPORATE AMERICA 6 University of the District of Columbia Law Review 105 (Fall 2001) Class action lawsuits initiated by black employees against corporations have been commonplace in the United States in recent years. Why has there been an influx of litigation targeted to corporate America? Is there an epidemic of discrimination directed toward black employees in many companies--or is this legal action a result of a phenomenon that... 2001
David L. Hudson Jr. CONFUSION OVER 'COMPARABLES' 37-NOV Tennessee Bar Journal 25 (November, 2001) Employment discrimination plaintiffs face a difficult task in seeking to prove unlawful discriminatory intent or disparate treatment. Employees often cannot produce direct evidence of discriminatory intent because employers mask their intent behind the proverbial legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason. The Sixth Circuit has bluntly stated: Direct... 2001
Samuel Issacharoff , Justin Nelson DISCRIMINATION WITH A DIFFERENCE: CAN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAW ACCOMMODATE THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT? 79 North Carolina Law Review 307 (January, 2001) This Article explains that all employment discrimination laws not only condemn the subjugation of defined groups, they also impose significant redistributive costs. The Article uses the Americans with Disabilities Act as an example to examine how much redistribution is proper under the rubric of nondiscrimination. The most recent ADA cases, most... 2001
Susan K. Declercq , Kimberly G. Musolf EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR LAW 47 Wayne Law Review 529 (Summer, 2001) This Article addresses developments in employment and labor law in Michigan courts during the Survey period, which includes cases decided between June 1, 1999 and May 31, 2000. Section II deals with employment discrimination cases, including race, age, and disability discrimination claims. Section III discusses caselaw in the area of employee... 2001
Joan Gabel , Nancy Mansfield , Ellwood Oakley , Tom Lundin Jr. EVOLVING CONFLICT BETWEEN STANDARDS FOR EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LIABILITY AND THE DELEGATION OF THAT LIABILITY: DOES EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES LIABILITY INSURANCE OFFER APPROPRIATE RISK TRANSFERENCE? 4 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Labor and Employment Law 1 (Fall 2001) Employment Practices Liability Insurance (EPLI) makes delegable the damage award accompanying an adverse judgment in an employment law case. Modern employment law imposes such damages on employers to compensate victims and encourage compliance. Since Burlington and Ellerth, the Supreme Court has intensified employer liability to strengthen the... 2001
Susan Bisom-Rapp FIXING WATCHES WITH SLEDGEHAMMERS: THE QUESTIONABLE EMBRACE OF EMPLOYEE SEXUAL HARASSMENT TRAINING BY THE LEGAL PROFESSION 24 University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review 147 (Fall, 2001) Although judicially recognized as a form of sex discrimination for over two decades, sexual harassment remains a persistent problem for many American workers, especially those who are women. The recent suits brought against and ultimately settled by Mitsubishi and Ford illustrate how pervasive sexual harassment can be in a given workplace and, more... 2001
B. Glenn George IF YOU'RE NOT PART OF THE SOLUTION, YOU'RE PART OF THE PROBLEM: EMPLOYER LIABILITY FOR SEXUAL HARASSMENT 13 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 133 (2001) Employer liability is rarely disputed in most claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The more routine decisions constituting employment discrimination - hirings, firings, promotions, etc. - are easily attributed to the employer who granted her or his supervisors or agents the authority to make such judgments. Strict liability is... 2001
Daniel M. Tardiff KNOCKING ON THE COURTROOM DOOR: FINALLY AN ANSWER FROM WITHIN FOR EMPLOYMENT TESTERS 32 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 909 (Summer 2001) The legacy of slavery and racial prejudice continues to affect American culture, and, over the years, it has served as the subject of numerous studies and essays. While discrimination appears in many forms and in many areas of American life, often very subtle in nature, an organized civil rights movement to eradicate discrimination in the area of... 2001
Joanna L. Grossman MAKING A FEDERAL CASE OUT OF IT: SECTION 1981 AND AT-WILL EMPLOYMENT 67 Brooklyn Law Review 329 (Winter, 2001) Employment at will is not a state of nature but a continuing contractual relation. Most Americans work at willthey can quit in a huff, but be fired on a whim. That is the double-edged sword of at-will employment. What these workers gain in freedom, they sometimes lose in rights. One of the rights at-will employees have tried to claim, with... 2001
Eric M.D. Zion OVERCOMING ADVERSITY: DISTINGUISHING RETALIATION FROM GENERAL PROHIBITIONS UNDER FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAW 76 Indiana Law Journal 191 (Winter, 2001) In Japan, a rubber company demanded a senior researcher enter early retirement at fifty-three years of age. He refused, and in response, the company moved him out of his office into the corner of the factory with only a bare desk for furniture. His new job, according to the company, was to turn in a report on the same topic every two weeks entitled... 2001
Michael L. Russell PREVIOUS ACTS OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION: PROBATIVE OR PREJUDICIAL? 25 American Journal of Trial Advocacy 297 (Fall, 2001) In his Article, professor of law and practicing attorney Michael Russell examines the question of whether past acts of discrimination should be introduced as evidence relating to an employer's character. Using the Federal Rules of Evidence as a basis, he analyzes whether such evidence has probative value or is merely prejudicial and suggests a... 2001
Kari Jahnke PROTECTING EMPLOYEES FROM EMPLOYEES: APPLYING TITLE VII'S ANTI-RETALIATION PROVISION TO COWORKER HARASSMENT 19 Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice 101 (Winter 2001) Imagine going to work every day knowing that you must endure your coworkers' degrading and derogatory comments. Your work environment is so full of hostility and anger toward you that you not only dread, but also fear, facing your coworkers everyday. You feel hopeless because you are unable to end the animosity provoked solely by characteristics... 2001
Donna E. Young RACIAL RELEASES, INVOLUNTARY SEPARATIONS, AND EMPLOYMENT AT-WILL 34 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 351 (January, 2001) People of color in the United States have a complicated relationship with the world of work. For us, work has signified indentured servitude, slavery, mob violence, exploitation, drudgery, exhaustion, and ill-health. On the job, we have been subjected to long arduous hours, poor working conditions, and demeaning tasks. We have been segregated,... 2001
Matt Bachrack, Jennifer Herring, Dawn Jessen RECENT DECISIONS OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT: EMPLOYMENT LAW 69 George Washington Law Review 609 (May, 2001) In Local 702, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers v. NLRB, the D.C. Circuit clarified the three part test for finding an unfair labor practice under section 8(a)(3) of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). The dispute arose out of a lockout instituted by the Central Illinois Public Service Company (CIPS) in response to inside... 2001
Scotty Shively RESURGENCE OF THE CLASS ACTION LAWSUIT IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION CASES: NEW OBSTACLES PRESENTED BY THE 1991 AMENDMENTS TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT 23 University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review 925 (Summer, 2001) Microsoft was recently named in a five billion dollar class action lawsuit brought by seven current and former African-American employees claiming race discrimination. This reflects what many employment lawyers have noticed: a definite resurgence in the use of the class action device to bring employment discrimination lawsuits against employers.... 2001
Susan Sturm SECOND GENERATION EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION: A STRUCTURAL APPROACH 101 Columbia Law Review 458 (April, 2001) The judiciary's traditional rule-based approach has been successful in reducing overt discrimination against women and people of color. It has been less effective in addressing more subtle and complex forms of workplace inequity. These second generation forms of bias result from patterns of interaction, informal norms, networking, mentoring, and... 2001
Theresa M. Beiner SEX, SCIENCE AND SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE: THE IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ON IMPUTING LIABILITY TO EMPLOYERS FOR SEXUAL HARASSMENT 7 William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law 273 (Winter, 2001) Senator Specter: . . . [U]nderstanding of the fact that you're 25 and that . . . you're shortly out of law school and the pressures that exist in this world . . . . [E]ven considering all of that, given your own expert standing and the fact that here you have the chief law enforcement officer of the country on this subject [sexual harassment] and... 2001
Susan W. Kline SURVEY OF EMPLOYMENT LAW DEVELOPMENTS FOR INDIANA PRACTITIONERS 34 Indiana Law Review 675 (2001) Although no seismic shifts occurred in Indiana employment law during the survey period, there were a number of noteworthy developments. Observers generally agree that the Seventh Circuit continues to be more pro-employer than most other Circuits. However, two of the female justices of the Seventh Circuit called for more plaintiff-friendly... 2001
Ann K. Hadrava THE AMENDMENT TO FEDERAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 26(B)(1) SCOPE OF DISCOVERY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS POTENTIAL "RELEVANCY" TO EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION ACTIONS 26 Oklahoma City University Law Review 1111 (Fall, 2001) Effective December 1, 2000, a three-part package of amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure was promulgated, the most significant of which entailed amendments to discovery Rules 26 through 37. The overarching principle behind the change was to reduce cost and increase the efficiency of discovery, while yet preserving the policy of full... 2001
Laura T. Kessler THE ATTACHMENT GAP: EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAW, WOMEN'S CULTURAL CAREGIVING, AND THE LIMITS OF ECONOMIC AND LIBERAL LEGAL THEORY 34 University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 371 (Spring 2001) Title VII has prohibited employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy since 1978, when Congress passed the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA), but it does not require employers to recognize women's caregiving obligations beyond the immediate, physical events of pregnancy and childbirth. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA)... 2001
Harry Hutchison THE COLLISION OF EMPLOYMENT-AT-WILL, SECTION 1981 & GONZALEZ: DISCHARGE, CONSENT AND CONTRACT SUFFICIENCY 3 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Labor and Employment Law 207 (Winter 2001) [M]en must be left, without interference to buy and sell where they please, and to discharge or retain employes [sic] at will for good cause or for no cause, or even for bad cause without thereby being guilty of an unlawful act per se. It is a right which an employe [sic] may exercise in the same way, to the same extent, for the same cause or want... 2001
John J. Donohue III, Steven D. Levitt, Stanford Law School, University of Chicago and AmericanBar Foundation THE IMPACT OF RACE ON POLICING AND ARRESTS 44 Journal of Law & Economics 367 (October, 2001) Race has long been recognized as playing a critical role in policing. In spite of this awareness, there has been little previous research that attempts to quantitatively analyze the impact of officer race on tangible outcomes. In this paper, we examine the relationship between the racial composition of a city's police force and the racial patterns... 2001
Katherine V.W. Stone THE NEW PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT: IMPLICATIONS OF THE CHANGING WORKPLACE FOR LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT LAW 48 UCLA Law Review 519 (February, 2001) In this Article, Professor Stone describes the profound changes that are occurring in the employment relationship in the United States. Firms are dismantling their internal labor markets and abandoning their implicit promises of orderly promotion and long-term job security. No longer is employment centered on a single, primary employer. Instead,... 2001
Alexandra Gruber , Barbara Kritchevsky THE UNEASY COEXISTENCE OF EQUAL PROTECTION AND FREE SPEECH CLAIMS IN THE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT CONTEXT 31 University of Memphis Law Review 559 (Spring 2001) I. Introduction 560 II. First Amendment Protections in the Public Employment Context 564 A. The Public/Private Speech Distinction 565 B. Balancing a Public Employer's Interest in Efficient Operations Against the Employee's Interest in Speaking on a Matter of Public Concern 571 III. The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and... 2001
Michael Evan Gold TOWARDS A UNIFIED THEORY OF THE LAW OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION 22 Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 175 (2001) I. Introduction. 177 II. Individual Disparate Treatment. 180 A. Direct Evidence of Individual Disparate Treatment. 180 B. Circumstantial Evidence of Individual Disparate Treatment. 181 1. Unequal Treatment. 181 2. The McDonnell Douglas Formula. 184 3. Two Senses of Prima Facie Case . 188 C. A Conventional Statement of the Prima Facie Case in the... 2001
Rebecca Hanner White , Linda Hamilton Krieger WHOSE MOTIVE MATTERS?: DISCRIMINATION IN MULTI-ACTOR EMPLOYMENT DECISION MAKING 61 Louisiana Law Review 495 (Summer, 2001) The ultimate question in every employment discrimination case involving a claim of disparate treatment is whether the plaintiff was the victim of intentional discrimination. This statement by the Supreme Court in Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products recites a basic and familiar principle of employment discrimination law. A successful disparate... 2001
Tobi T. Bromfield YOUR DNA IS YOUR RESUME: HOW INADEQUATE PROTECTION OF GENETIC INFORMATION PERPETUATES EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION 7 Washington and Lee Race and Ethnic Ancestry Law Journal 117 (Spring, 2001) Genetic testing, the new Pandora's Box of medical knowledge, cannot be greeted with full embrace. While genetic testing is useful for indicating the number of persons likely to contract a known disorder, potential harm exists when identified groups which carry a presently known genetic disease are singled out. This technology's youth and potential... 2001
Kingsley R. Browne ZERO TOLERANCE FOR THE FIRST AMENDMENT: TITLE VII'S REGULATION OF EMPLOYEE SPEECH 27 Ohio Northern University Law Review 563 (2001) In Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson, the Supreme Court ruled that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits sexual harassment of the hostile environment variety, stating that employees need not run a gauntlet of sexual abuse in return for the privilege of being allowed to work. The Court appeared to endorse the EEOC Guidelines,... 2001
Kamla Alexander A MODEST PROPOSAL: THE "REASONABLE VICTIM" STANDARD AND ALASKA EMPLOYERS' AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE TO VICARIOUS LIABILITY FOR SEXUAL HARASSMENT 17 Alaska Law Review 297 (December, 2000) This Note examines the Alaska Supreme Court's nascent interpretation of Alaska's anti-discrimination statute in sexual harassment cases. The Note begins by analyzing the history of sexual harassment case law in Alaska. The Note then discusses the benefits of applying the reasonable victim standard in the Alaska Supreme Court's determinations of... 2000
Philip Harvey AN ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPAL STRATEGIES THAT HAVE INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL WELFARE LAW DURING THE 20TH CENTURY 21 Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 677 (2000) I. Introduction. 678 II. Responses to Joblessness. 686 A. The Behavioralist Approach. 686 B. The Job Shortage Approach. 689 C. The Structuralist Approach. 694 III. Assessing the Strategies. 701 A. Job Seekers and Job Vacancies. 702 B. Wage Rates and Unemployment Rates: Supply and Demand Analysis. 709 C. Macroeconomic Barriers to Full Employment.... 2000
B. Glenn George AN INVITED SCRUTINY OF PRIVACY, EMPLOYMENT, AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT: A REVIEW OFTHE UNWANTED GAZE: THE DESTRUCTION OF PRIVACY IN AMERICA 11 UCLA Women's Law Journal 107 (Winter 2000) Professor George reviews Jeffrey Rosen's book, The Unwanted Gaze: The Destruction of Privacy in America. In her Book Review, Professor George focuses on Professor Rosen's discussion of sexual harassment law and his proposal that the claim of hostile environment sexual harassment be eliminated as a cause of action under Title VII of the Civil Rights... 2000
Joyce E. Taber AN UNANSWERED QUESTION ABOUT MANDATORY ARBITRATION: SHOULD A MANDATORY ARBITRATION CLAUSE PRECLUDE THE EEOC FROM SEEKING MONETARY RELIEF ON AN EMPLOYEE'S BEHALF IN A TITLE VII CASE? 50 American University Law Review 281 (October, 2000) Introduction. 282 I. Background. 285 A. Gilmer and Mandatory Arbitration Under the FAA. 285 B. Title VII Statutory Scheme and Remedies. 288 II. Circuit Split on Scope of EEOC Remedies and Monetary Relief. 292 A. Only Injunctive Relief. 292 1. Second Circuit: EEOC v. Kidder, Peabody & Co.. 292 2. Fourth Circuit: EEOC v. Waffle House, Inc.. 297 B.... 2000
Elizabeth M. Adamitis APPEARANCE MATTERS: A PROPOSAL TO PROHIBIT APPEARANCE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT 75 Washington Law Review 195 (January, 2000) The consideration of appearance in the employment decisionmaking context is prevalent and widely accepted. Nonetheless, statutory protection against such discrimination remains limited. Federal protection applies only to claims related to already-protected categories of discrimination, including disability, race, color, religion, sex,... 2000
Licia M. Williams DOES AN AT-WILL EMPLOYEE HAVE A CONTRACT SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT A RACE DISCRIMINATION CLAIM AGAINST AN EMPLOYER UNDER 42 U.S.C. ยง 1981? 30 University of Memphis Law Review 923 (Summer, 2000) I. L2-5Introduction 924 II. L2-5Section 1981 Interpretation 930 A. L4-5Section 1981 Interpretation Under Patterson v. McLean Credit Union 932 B. L4-5Section 1981 Interpretation Following the Amendments of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 935 III. L2-5The Federal Circuit and District Court Interpretations of Whether an At-Will Employee Has Standing To... 2000
Victoria K. Lin EMBRACING MINORITY HOUSING AND EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM 31 McGeorge Law Review 211 (Winter, 2000) With regard to urban housing and employment, the first half of the twentieth century saw racially restrictive covenants garner public attention, while the latter half experienced a focus on sexual orientation discrimination in employment. As the nation enters the twenty-first century, California is demonstrating a growing acceptance of racial... 2000
Mark E. Schreiber EMPLOYER E-MAIL AND INTERNET RISKS, POLICY GUIDELINES AND INVESTIGATIONS 85 Massachusetts Law Review 74 (Fall, 2000) Cyberstalking, on-line threats of violence, sex sites and spam complicate the efficiency and compromise the integrity of employer-provided systems and Internet access. Companies may face claims of discrimination or sexual harassment arising from their employees' sexual, racial, or otherwise threatening or harassing e-mails or Internet graphics or... 2000
Kristin Piepmeier EMPLOYER LIABILITY FOR WORKPLACE SEXUAL HARASSMENT PERPETRATED BY SUPERVISORS:THE VICARIOUS LIABILITY STANDARD OF BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC. V. ELLERTHAND FARAGHER V. CITY OF BOCA RATON 36 Willamette Law Review 141 (Winter 2000) In 1998, the United States Supreme Court set forth standards governing the burden of proof in hostile environment sexual harassment cases where a plaintiff seeks to hold an employer accountable for a supervisor's harassment. The holdings of Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth and Faragher v. City of Boca Raton placed the burden upon the employer... 2000
Phillip R. Jones ; Jennifer A. Youpa ; Stacey S. Calvert EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR LAW 53 SMU Law Review 929 (Summer 2000) I. INTRODUCTION. 930 II. STATUTORY CLAIMS. 930 A. Anti-discrimination Statutes. 930 1. Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment. 931 2. Disability Discrimination. 934 3. Race and National Origin Discrimination. 938 4. Age Discrimination. 940 5. Retaliation. 941 B. Workers' Compensation Retaliation. 943 C. Texas Whistleblower Act Claims. 946 III.... 2000
Abigail C. Saguy EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION OR SEXUAL VIOLENCE? DEFINING SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN AMERICAN AND FRENCH LAW 34 Law and Society Review 1091 (2000) In this article I examine how and why the term sexual harassment has been defined very differently in American and French law. Drawing on political and legal history, I argue that feminists mobilized in both countries to create sexual harassment law, but encountered dissimilar political, legal, and cultural constraints and resources. Having... 2000
Ronald Turner EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION, LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT ARBITRATION, AND THE CASE AGAINST UNION WAIVER OF THE INDIVIDUAL WORKER'S STATUTORY RIGHT TO A JUDICIAL FORUM 49 Emory Law Journal 135 (Winter 2000) Employees working in the nation's workplaces are officially protected by a number of federal employment discrimination statutes. For example, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) makes it unlawful for an employer or a labor organization to discriminate against individuals because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national... 2000
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