AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYear
David L. Rose TWENTY-FIVE YEARS LATER: WHERE DO WE STAND ON EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY LAW ENFORCEMENT? 42 Vanderbilt Law Review 1121 (May, 1989) I. INTRODUCTION. 1122 II. HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT, LEGISLATIVE HISTORY, AND CONVENTIONAL WISDOM. 1124 A. The Situation in 1964. 1124 B. The Goals of the Civil Rights Act. 1128 C. Modest Expectations for Title VII in 1964. 1133 III. ENFORCEMENT OF FEDERAL EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY LAW. 1135 A. The Early Years (1965-1969).... 1989
Merrill D. Feldstein WATSON V. FORT WORTH BANK & TRUST: REALLOCATING THE BURDENS OF PROOF IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LITIGATION 38 American University Law Review 919 (April 1, 1989) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employers from discriminating on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. While Congress has set forth the basic principles against employment discrimination, the Supreme Court has developed the method by which such claims against employers are litigated and proved. Courts have... 1989
Thomas K. Bond, Todd J. Sanders WATSON v. FORT WORTH BANK & TRUST: THE SUPREME COURT AND EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION: DISPARATE VIEWS ON DISPARATE IMPACT 40 Mercer Law Review 1025 (Spring, 1989) In Watson v. Fort Worth Bank & Trust the Supreme Court addressed a previously unresolved issue in the area of employment discrimination. Before Watson, courts usually applied the disparate impact analysis in cases involving such objective employment criteria as standardized tests or educational requirements, but the circuit courts disagreed on the... 1989
Arthur S. Leonard A NEW COMMON LAW OF EMPLOYMENT TERMINATION 66 North Carolina Law Review 631 (April, 1988) I. INTRODUCTION. 632 II. HOW THE CURRENT SITUATION AROSE. 640 A. From Adoption of the Common-Law Presumption to the Beginning of the Modern Turmoil. 640 B. The Common-Law Exceptions of Recent Years. 647 1. The Implied Contract Exceptions: Enforcing Assurances of Job Security. 649 2. The Implied Contract Exceptions: Good Faith and Fair Dealing. 653... 1988
Joel L. Selig AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN EMPLOYMENT: THE LEGACY OF A SUPREME COURT MAJORITY 63 Indiana Law Journal 301 (Spring, 1987/1988) In the first fifteen years after the enactment of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the legality and the utility of remedial employment quotas were widely recognized by the lower federal courts. Numerical goals and timetables for the employment of minority groups appeared in various forms: they were included in court orders to remedy... 1988
Robert Belton CAUSATION IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAW 34 Wayne Law Review 1235 (Spring, 1988) C1-3Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION. 1236 II. CAUSATION IN LEGAL THEORY: A BRIEF OVERVIEW. 1244 III. DOCTRINAL DEVELOPMENTS: THE CONFLICT OF CAUSAL ANALYSIS IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAW. 1252 A. Statutory and Analytic Schemes. 1252 B. Supreme Court Decisions on Causation. 1258 1. The But For Test. 1259 2. The Mt. Healthy Same Decision... 1988
Deborah Jane Clarke CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION-EMERGING JUDICIAL STANDARDS FOR CAREFUL CONSTRUCTION OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION REMEDIES 41 Oklahoma Law Review 289 (Summer, 1988) One of the most pressing and controversial constitutional issues today involves the extent to which the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment and the due process clause of the fifth amendment allow government to use racial classifications to remedy past racial discrimination. There has been no single authoritative opinion on this... 1988
Anthony Sanchez DEFINING THE PROPER BOUNDS OF DISPARATE IMPACT ANALYSIS: BEYOND AN OBJECTIVE/SUBJECTIVE EMPLOYMENT CRITERIA DICHOTOMY 49 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 657 (Winter, 1988) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex and national origin. Two theories, disparate treatment and disparate impact, may be utilized by litigants to demonstrate discrimination in hiring, promotion and termination employment practices under Title VII. To establish a... 1988
Regina Austin EMPLOYER ABUSE, WORKER RESISTANCE, AND THE TORT OF INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS 41 Stanford Law Review 1 (November, 1988) The conventional wisdom is that, in the workplace, abuse can be a legitimate instrument of worker control and an appropriate form of discipline. By abuse I mean treatment that is intentionally emotionally painful, offensive, or insulting. Rebukes and reprimands are the very sort of behavior that one would expect from a superior who is... 1988
JANET SELDEN Employer Liability For 'Hostile Environment' Sexual Harassment, Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson 31 Howard Law Journal 51 (1988) For many women, the workplace is not a place conducive to professional growth or development, but is instead, a place of humiliation, intimidation and degradationa place laden with physical and verbal abuse. Females have ceased to be workers and have become sexual victims, while employers, through their supervisory personnel, have become the... 1988
Eleanor Holmes Norton EQUAL EMPLOYMENT LAW: CRISIS IN INTERPRETATION-SURVIVAL AGAINST THE ODDS 62 Tulane Law Review 681 (March, 1988) When the history of twentieth century statutory development is finally written, one of the most fascinating chapters will recount the unusual and almost totally unpredicted unfolding of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Born a statutory skeleton, the result of endless congressional compromises, the statute matured, providing strong protection... 1988
Lairold M. Street INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL AND LABOR MIGRATION REQUIREMENTS AS A BAR TO DISCRIMINATORY EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES 31 Howard Law Journal 497 (October 1, 1988) Over the years, numerous countries have ignored the importance of labor and employment issues regarding international commerce. Mr. Street considers this question while examining the changing world economy and the transforming international workplace. He examines how differing national customs, decrees, declarations, and traditions have affected... 1988
Sherrill D. Wolford LABOR LAW-EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION-VOLUNTARY AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PLAN AUTHORIZING SEX BASED PREFERENCES IN PROMOTIONS FOR POSITIONS IN WHICH WOMEN ARE SIGNIFICANTLY UNDERREPRESENTED DOES NOT VIOLATE TITLE VII. JOHNSON v. TRANSPORTATION AGENCY, SANTA CLARA 65 University of Detroit Law Review 861 (Summer, 1988) In 1978, the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency adopted an affirmative action plan that authorized the agency to consider the sex or race of qualified applicants in making promotions to positions within traditionally segregated job classifications in which women and minorities had been significantly underrepresented. The plan was intended to... 1988
Patrick S. Bryant NYBRID EMPLOYEES: DEFINING AND PROTECTING EMPLOYEES EXCLUDED FROM THE COVERAGE OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT 41 Vanderbilt Law Review 601 (April, 1988) I. INTRODUCTION. 601 II. STATUTORY DEFINITION OF EMPLOYEE: WHO IS COVERED BY THE ACT?. 603 A. Background. 603 B. Statutes. 604 III. DEFINITION OF EMPLOYEE: CASE LAW. 605 A. Managerial Employees. 605 B. Confidential Employees. 608 C. Professional Employees Under the Yeshiva Rationale. 610 D. Implications of Yeshiva. 611 1. Limitation to the... 1988
Elyse Hilton PRIVATE CLUBS AND EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION: DOES FEDERAL LAW APPLY? 16 Fordham Urban Law Journal 615 (1987/1988) From April 1977 to December 1977, Alfred A. Hudson worked as a maintenance man for the Charlotte Country Club. The day after he was fired from that job, he filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (the Commission). Hudson alleged that his termination was racially motivated and thus in violation of title VII of the Civil... 1988
Susan Murphy PROTECTING EMPLOYEES WITH AIDS: USING TITLE VII TO MEET AN URGENT NEED 7 Review of Litigation 357 (Summer, 1988) C1-3Table of Contents I. Introduction. 357 II. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. 360 A. Private Cause of Action. 361 B. Title VII Jurisdiction. 361 III. Proposed Legal Theory Under Title VII. 362 IV. Efficacy of Theory Considering Case Precedent. 364 A. Disparate Treatment Cause of Action Under Title VII. 364 B. Disparate Impact Cause of Action... 1988
Lisa A. Blanchard SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE: EMPLOYER LIABILITY FOR A SEXUALLY HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT 66 Washington University Law Quarterly 91 (1988) Sexual harassment is unsolicited nonreciprocal . . . [sexually based] behavior that asserts a [worker's] sex role over [his or] her function as a worker. Sexual harassment involves unwelcome advances, statements or conduct that unreasonably interfere with an individual's work performance and ability to pursue a career. Because sexual harassment... 1988
David L. Rose SUBJECTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES: DOES THE DISCRIMINATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS APPLY? 25 San Diego Law Review 63 (January/February, 1988) Is a system committing decisionmaking in hiring, promotion, or pay to the discretion or other subjective judgments of supervisors unlawful under federal equal employment opportunity law when it is not valid or necessary and has a discriminatory impact against minorities or women, or is it lawful in the absence of purposeful discrimination? In the... 1988
Stephen M. Fogel, Gerri L. Kornblut, Newton P. Porter SURVEY OF THE LAW ON EMPLOYEE DRUG TESTING 42 University of Miami Law Review 553 (January, 1988) I. INTRODUCTION. 554 II. THE MAGNITUDE OF THE DRUG PROBLEM AND DRUG TESTING AS A RESPONSE. 557 A. The Prevalence of Drug Testing. 559 B. The Methods of Drug Testing. 562 III. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 567 A. State Action and Mandatory Drug Testing. 568 B. The Fourth Amendment. 572 1. DRUG TESTING AS A SEARCH. 572 2. ASSESSING THE... 1988
Max A. Bailey, Ed.D., J.D., Nancy W. Sindelar, Ph.D. TEACHER COMPETENCE AND EMPLOYER DISCRIMINATION 41 West's Education Law Reporter 1199 (1988) Teacher competency is a popular issue in this age of educational reform. Parents want their children to be taught by only the most competent teachers. School boards and management personnel spend hours discussing the philosophical issues and pragmatic concerns involved in employing only the most highly qualified teachers. State legislatures pass... 1988
Paul N. Cox THE FUTURE OF THE DISPARATE IMPACT THEORY OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION AFTER WATSON v. FORT WORTH BANK 1988 Brigham Young University Law Review 753 (1988) In Watson v. Fort Worth Bank & Trust Co. the Supreme Court held that the disparate impact theory of employment discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act is applicable to subjective employment criteria. On this relatively narrow point, the Court, with the possible exception of Justice Kennedy who did not participate, was unanimous.... 1988
John V. Jansonius, Haynes and Boone Dallas, Texas THE ROLE OF SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LITIGATION 4 Labor Lawyer 747 (Fall, 1988) Since passage of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, employment discrimination claims have added increasingly to the federal court case load. Besides the sheer volume of employment discrimination cases, many of which have been complex and lengthy, case law applying employment discrimination statutes has been rapidly evolving, adding to the... 1988
John Edward Charland WILLFULNESS, GOOD FAITH, AND THE QUAGMIRE OF LIQUIDATED DAMAGES UNDER THE AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT 13 Journal of Corporation Law 573 (Winter, 1988) I. INTRODUCTION. 574 II. THE ADEAAN OVERVIEW. 576 A. The Vortex of the ADEA. 578 1. Judicial Decisions. 579 2. A Definitional Perspective. 581 3. Vicarious Knowledge of Section 8 Material. 581 B. The Nature of the Wilfulness Requirement: Punitive v. Compensatory. 583 1. Liquidated Damages. 584 2. Extension of the Statute of Limitations. 586 C. The... 1988
Lawrence Allen Katz , Robin M. Roberts A FRESH LOOK AT GETTING FRESH: EMPLOYER LIABILITY FOR A SEXUALLY OFFENSIVE WORK ENVIRONMENT 23-NOV Arizona Bar Journal 10 (October/November, 1987) By 1986, employers had been placed on notice: sexual harassment constitutes unlawful sex discrimination under Title VII of the Federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and under the Arizona Civil Rights Act. Just what sexual harassment is, however, and the extent to which an employer may be held liable for its own transgressions and those of its agents,... 1987
Frances Bates McDonald ACCEPTABLE RACE-CONSCIOUS RELIEF IN EMPLOYMENT: THE SUPREME COURT STRUGGLES TOWARD A CONSENSUS 31 Saint Louis University Law Journal 1001 (October, 1987) Affirmative action is the subject of considerable debate based on recent statutory law, case law, and executive order. As a preferential and race-conscious remedy for racial discrimination in the work place, affirmative action is widely covered in the press and, recently, the demise of affirmative action has even appeared on the conservative agenda... 1987
Susan Melanie Jones APPLYING DISPARATE IMPACT THEORY TO SUBJECTIVE EMPLOYEE SELECTION PROCEDURES 20 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 375 (January, 1987) Congress rendered race, color, religion, sex and national origin invisible to employers in 1965, when Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 took effect. The central provisions of Title VII make it unlawful to base hiring or any subsequent employment decision on these protected characteristics. To enforce Title VII, Congress established the... 1987
Edward J. Littlejohn , Leonard S. Rubinowitz BLACK ENROLLMENT IN LAW SCHOOLS: FORWARD TO THE PAST? 12 Thurgood Marshall Law Review 415 (Summer, 1987) For a hundred years after the first Black student entered an American law school in 1868, Blacks were barely visible in law schools. Starting in the late 1960s, they made modest gains in enrollment. Black representation in law school peaked within a decade, and leveled off by the mid-1970s. This enrollment plateau continued until the mid-1980s,... 1987
Katherine J. Streicher CANCER-BASED EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION: WHETHER THE PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO TITLE VII WILL PROVIDE AN EFFECTIVE ANTI-DISCRIMINATION REMEDY 62 Indiana Law Journal 827 (Summer, 1986/1987) More than 800,000 individuals in the United States are diagnosed annually as having cancer, and of this number approximately 400,000 will be cured. Yet employer ignorance concerning a cancer patient's ability to perform a job, or an employer's belief that employees with a cancer history will lead to higher insurance premiums, results in... 1987
Marianne Malouf CIVIL RIGHTS-TITLE VII-PUBLIC EMPLOYER MAY CONSIDER GENDER TO PROMOTe EMPLOYEE WITHOUT VIOLATING TITLE VII OF CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 WHEN ENFORCING A VALID AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PLAN 19 Saint Mary's Law Journal 455 (1987) Paul Johnson and Diane Joyce, employees of the Santa Clara Transportation Agency (Agency), sought promotion to the position of road dispatcher in 1979. Both Johnson and Joyce were qualified candidates as they had more than the requisite work experience and both scored above the minimum interview points required for selection. Although Mr. Johnson... 1987
Kathleen E. Saxton CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: QUOTA VERSUS GOAL IN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION-LOCAL 28 OF THE SHEET METAL WORKERS' INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION v. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, 106A S. CT. 3019 (INTERM ED. 1986) 12 University of Dayton Law Review 641 (Spring, 1987) Since the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the United States Supreme Court has continually attempted to define employment discrimination under Title VII. For example, the Supreme Court has held that an employer's use of written tests and high school diploma criteria for hiring employees does not have discriminatory purpose but does have... 1987
Mark S. Brodin COSTS, PROFITS, AND EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY 62 Notre Dame Law Review 318 (1987) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is in its third decade and yet there remain several fundamental questions concerning its application that are unresolved by the courts. This article deals with one such issuethe extent to which employers can legally justify discriminatory practices on the basis of cost containment and profit maximization.... 1987
Christopher Dee DISPARATE IMPACT AND SUBJECTIVE EMPLOYMENT CRITERIA UNDER TITLE VII 54 University of Chicago Law Review 957 (Summer, 1987) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbids discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The legislative history of the statute indicates that when an employment practice has a sufficiently adverse impact on members of a protected class, intent to discriminate is not a required element of a... 1987
Gary Phelan EMPLOYEE OPPOSITION UNDER TITLE VII: IMMUNITY TO AGGRIEVED PERSONS FILING DISCRIMINATION CLAIMS 59-APR New York State Bar Journal 42 (April, 1987) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) protects individuals from employment discrimination based on their racial, sex, religious or ethnic status. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) administers Title VII's anti-discrimination provisions. The task of enforcing Title VII, however, rests primarily with aggrieved persons... 1987
Kathleen A. Smith EMPLOYER LIABILITY FOR SEXUAL HARASSMENT: INCONSISTENCY UNDER TITLE VII 37 Catholic University Law Review 245 (Fall, 1987) Congress enacted title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to prevent specific types of employment discrimination. Despite this mandate, federal courts originally viewed sexual harassment as nothing more than a personal proclivity, peculiarity or mannerism. In one of the earliest opinions examining a sexual harassment claim, a court refused to... 1987
Katherine S. Anderson EMPLOYER LIABILITY UNDER TITLE VII FOR SEXUAL HARASSMENT AFTER MERITOR SAVINGS BANK v. VINSON 87 Columbia Law Review 1258 (October, 1987) Sexual harassment of women in the workplace is a widespread, insidious problem. In Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, the Supreme Court unanimously affirmed that sexual harassment based on an offensive work environment is a form of sex discrimination prohibited by title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The majority declined, however, to issue a... 1987
Joel T. Andresser EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION-THE EXPANSION IN SCOPE OF TITLE VII TO INCLUDE SEXUAL HARASSMENT AS A FORM OF SEX DISCRIMINATION: MERITOR SAVINGS BANK, FSB v. VINSON 12 Journal of Corporation Law 619 (Spring, 1987) In June 1986 the Supreme Court held that sexual harassment creating a hostile or abusive work environment, without economic loss to the employee, was a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson, the respondent, Mechelle Vinson, alleged constant sexual harassment by the petitioner, Sidney Taylor,... 1987
Debra L.W. Cohn EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY FOR AMERICANS ABROAD 62 New York University Law Review 1288 (December, 1987) Despite a worldwide consensus against employment discrimination, such discrimination, often officially sanctioned, is still a pervasive international problem. In fact, many American businesses operating outside the territorial United States defy United States policy as well as international human rights agreements by discriminating among United... 1987
John J. Donohue III FURTHER THOUGHTS ON EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LEGISLATION: A REPLY TO JUDGE POSNER 136 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 523 (December, 1987) I have profited greatly from reading Judge Posner's review of my initial Essay, Is Title VII Efficient? As usual, he has raised a number of thought-provoking issues that must be addressed if we are to make headway in resolving the difficult theoretical and empirical issues posed by employment discrimination legislation. In Part I of this reply, I... 1987
Frances Scroggins LABOR LAW-EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION-EMPLOYER MAY BE HELD LIABLE FOR HOSTILE WORK ENVIRONMENT. MERITOR SAVINGS BANK v. VINSON, 106 S.CT. 2399 (1986). 9 University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Journal 543 (1986/1987) Mechele Vinson was hired as a teller-trainee at Capital Savings Bank in September 1974. Vinson was promoted to teller after completing a ninety-day probationary period. During the course of her employment, Vinson received promotions to head teller and then assistant branch manager. She was dismissed in November 1978 while on sick leave. Vinson... 1987
Richard M. Stephens, J.D. ONE STEP FORWARD, TWO STEPS BACK: THE 'PROGRESS' DOWN THE EMPLOYEE CIVIL RIGHTS ROAD 40 West's Education Law Reporter 37 (1987) A major concern to all employees and employers is the legality of affirmative action plans which detrimentally affect nonminority or male employees. Racial minority and women's groups clamor for more advantages for their constituency. Nonminority groups, or often unions, urge for employment decisions to be based on seniority or merit rather than on... 1987
Judith J. Johnson REBUILDING THE BARRIERS: THE TREND IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION CLASS ACTIONS 19 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 1 (Fall, 1987) Congress intended that employees vindicate the rights given them under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by private action. For several years private actions proved to be very successful in eliminating employment discrimination. Recent decisions of the Supreme Court and lower courts have limited the effectiveness of the private employment... 1987
Fred W. Alvarez , Barbara Lipsky , Member United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Washington, D.C., Special Assistant to Commissioner Fred W. Alvarez United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Washington, D.C. REMEDIES FOR INDIVIDUAL CASES OF UNLAWFUL EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION: A LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSPECTIVE 3 Labor Lawyer 199 (Spring, 1987) I. Introduction II. The Remedies Policy in Context III. The Elements of the Remedies Policy IV. Nondiscrimantory Placement of Victims of Discrimination A. NLRB Practice B. Title VII Case Law 1. General Principles Governing Remedies 2. General Principles Governing Award of Reinstatement 3. Presence of Incumbents 4. Court Awards of Immediate... 1987
Barry L. Goldstein REPRESENTING A VICTIM OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION 13 Litigation 12 (Spring, 1987) You earned your stripes in litigation combat five years ago. Your career is a litany of litigation's varieties: the claims and defenses of two dozen businesses, your share of consumers' complaints, and a trio of contested divorces. You followed some of these cases on to the state supreme court and your federal circuit court, winning and losing... 1987
Bruce Beezer, LLB, Ed.D. SCHOOL EMPLOYEE'S DISMISSAL FOR VIOLATION OF DESEGREGATION PATRONAGE POLICY 37 West's Education Law Reporter 763 (1987) The resolution of an issue wherein the contending parties claim a violation of their constitutional rights has never been an easy task for the courts. The tension that exists when a public school employee is discharged for enrolling his or her child in a private, segregated school is one such issue. A parent's right to determine where a child goes... 1987
Len Biernat SUBJECTIVE CRITERIA IN FACULTY EMPLOYMENT DECISIONS UNDER TITLE VII: A CAMOUFLAGE FOR DISCRIMINATION AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT 20 U.C. Davis Law Review 501 (Spring, 1987) Most colleges and universities make faculty employment decisions in an extremely decentralized system that relies heavily on subjective criteria. This system may meet the needs of an educational institution, but it also creates difficulty in detecting sexual discrimination. This Article examines the unique decisionmaking process used in higher... 1987
Charles B. Craver , Secretary, Section of Labor and Employment Law, 1986-87 Professor of Law George Washington University National Law Center Washington, D.C. THE 1986-87 SUPREME COURT LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT LAW TERM: THE EXPANDING FOCUS ON INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND PREEMPTION 3 Labor Lawyer 755 (Fall, 1987) During the 1986-87 Term, the Supreme Court issued opinions in forty-one cases pertaining to labor and employment law issues. It is remarkable to note the high percentage of Court time still devoted to labor and employment law cases, despite the relatively constant decline in union participation rates over the past several decades. The continued... 1987
Kimberlye K. Fayssoux THE AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT OF 1967 AND TRIAL BY JURY: PROPOSALS FOR CHANGE 73 Virginia Law Review 601 (April, 1987) Congress enacted the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) in an effort to address the unique employment problems faced by older workers. Reflected in hiring, promotion, and discharge decisions, age discrimination in the workplace is a well-documented and increasingly troublesome phenomenon for many employees. In passing the ADEA,... 1987
Todd Brower THE DUTY OF FAIR REPRESENTATION UNDER THE CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ACT: JUDICIAL POWER TO PROTECT EMPLOYEE RIGHTS 40 Oklahoma Law Review 361 (Fall, 1987) In 1978, Congress enacted the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA), a comprehensive revision of the laws regarding federal government employees. Title VII of the CSRA consisted of the first statutory framework for federal labor relations, which prior to that time had been completely governed by a system started by an executive order issued by President... 1987
FREDRIC J. BENDREMER and LISA A. HEIDEN THE UNFAIR IMMIGRATION-RELATED EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES PROVISION: A MODICUM OF PROTECTION AGAINST NATIONAL ORIGIN AND CITIZENSHIP STATUS DISCRIMINATION 41 University of Miami Law Review 1025 (May, 1987) The employer sanctions provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) imposes penalties on employers who knowingly hire unauthorized aliens or who fail to comply with the Act's employment verification system. This provision, envisioned as the principal means of curtailing the large influx of undocumented aliens into the United... 1987
Ronald W. Adelman VOLUNTARY AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PLANS BY PUBLIC EMPLOYERS: THE DISPARITY IN STANDARDS BETWEEN TITLE VII AND THE EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE 56 Fordham Law Review 403 (December, 1987) Nearly ten years after the Supreme Court first attempted to resolve the legality of affirmative action, the issue remains as controversial as ever. Supporters of affirmative action believe it represents a necessary remedy for centuries of segregation. Opponents consider it a new problem, not a solution. The Court has adopted an essentially moderate... 1987
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25