| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year |
| Audrey J. Lee |
UNCONSCIOUS BIAS THEORY IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LITIGATION |
40 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 481 (Summer, 2005) |
Deborah, an African American woman, worked as an administrative assistant for her employer for several years. She consistently received positive performance reviews until she came under the supervision of a new administrative director, Joan, who is white. One of only a handful of minority employees, Deborah became subjected to increased scrutiny by... |
2005 |
| Larry L. Rowe |
WEST VIRGINIA RACE RELATIONS AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY: A NEW HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE STUDY OF RACIAL DISPARITIES IN EDUCATION, HEALTH, CIVIL RIGHTS, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT |
107 West Virginia Law Review 637 (Spring 2005) |
I. Introduction: Self Evaluation with a Historical Perspective. 638 II. After the Horror of Slavery: Segregation Days in Old Malden. 639 III. A Romantic Life in Segregation Days with No Bitterness Over Race Discrimination. 643 IV. A White Kid Growing Up In Rural Southern West Virginia. 644 V. Celebrating Brown v. Board of Education: Reflection and... |
2005 |
| Adam W. Aston |
"FAIR AND FULL EMPLOYMENT": FORTY YEARS OF UNFULFILLED PROMISES |
15 Washington University Journal of Law and Policy 285 (2004) |
I enlist every employer, every labor union, and every agency of Government--whether affected directly by these measures or not--in the task of seeing to it that no false lines are drawn in assuring equality of the right and opportunity to make a decent living. -- President John F. Kennedy While President John F. Kennedy's promise to put a man on... |
2004 |
| James R. Todd |
"IT'S NOT MY PROBLEM": HOW WORKPLACE VIOLENCE AND POTENTIAL EMPLOYER LIABILITY LEAD TO EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION OF EX-CONVICTS |
36 Arizona State Law Journal 725 (Summer, 2004) |
I. Introduction. 726 II. How Various Jurisdictions Approach the Use of Conviction Records in the Hiring of Prospective Employees. 729 A. The Disallowance of Employment Discrimination Based Solely on Conviction Records: The State Approach. 730 1. Wisconsin Fair Employment Act. 731 2. New York's Human Rights Law. 735 B. Equal Employment Opportunities... |
2004 |
| Cheryl L. Wade |
"WE ARE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER": DIVERSITY DOUBLESPEAK |
61 Washington and Lee Law Review 1541 (Fall, 2004) |
There are too few discussions about race and race relations among corporate managers and directors. The rhetoric used in these infrequent discussions revolves around the idea of diversity in the workplace. In recent years, when speaking about employees and race issues, corporate actors have become curiously silent about discrimination and racism.... |
2004 |
| Laya Sleiman |
A DUTY TO MAKE REASONABLE EFFORTS AND A DEFENSE OF THE DISPARATE IMPACT DOCTRINE IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAW |
72 Fordham Law Review 2677 (May, 2004) |
In 1997, five women brought a class action against the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) claiming that SEPTA's physical fitness test, which applicants were required to pass in order to be eligible for employment, had a discriminatory effect on women. The plaintiffs satisfied all administrative requirements for positions... |
2004 |
| Terry Tolliver |
CLERKSHIP EMPLOYERS NEEDED FOR DIVERSITY PROGRAM |
48-NOV Res Gestae 38 (November, 2004) |
On behalf of the Indiana State Bar Association's Committee for Racial Diversity in the Legal Profession and the Indiana Supreme Court's Conference for Legal Education Opportunity program (Indiana CLEO), I would like to once again invite you to participate in our joint program, Gateway to Diversity: A Summer Employment Program in the Indiana Legal... |
2004 |
| Carolyn L. Wheeler |
COMMENTS ON PRETEXT IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LITIGATION: MANDATORY INSTRUCTIONS FOR PERMISSIBLE INFERENCES? |
61 Washington and Lee Law Review 459 (Winter, 2004) |
It is perhaps surprising that nearly forty years after Congress enacted Title VII, courts still struggle with the most fundamental questions of how to analyze evidence proffered to prove discrimination, and how to instruct juries charged with determining whether employers have violated the law. Although jury trials have been available in Title VII... |
2004 |
| Elaine W. Shoben |
DISPARATE IMPACT THEORY IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION: WHAT'S GRIGGS STILL GOOD FOR? WHAT NOT? |
42 Brandeis Law Journal 597 (Spring, 2004) |
Is disparate impact a dead theory of employment discrimination? Definitely not. The theory itself has a more stable legal status than it did when the Supreme Court embraced it in its 1971 opinion Griggs v. Duke Power Co. But is it thriving in litigation? It appears to be neither thriving nor dead. It has become a relatively less vital tool,... |
2004 |
| Suzy Fox , Lamont E. Stallworth |
EMPLOYEE PERCEPTIONS OF INTERNAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS AND ADR PROCESSES FOR PREVENTING AND RESOLVING INCIDENTS OF WORKPLACE BULLYING: ETHICAL CHALLENGES FOR DECISION-MAKERS IN ORGANIZATIONS |
8 Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal 375 (2004) |
I. Introduction. 376 A. Workplace Bullying. 376 B. Racial/Ethnic Bullying. 378 C. Conflict Management and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Processes. 380 D. Bullying vs. Statutory-Based Workplace Disputes: A Gap in the Law. 385 E. When the Bully is the Supervisor. 386 F. Ethical Challenges to Organization Decision-Makers. 388 G. The Current... |
2004 |
| Megan E. Mowrey, Virginia Ward Vaughn |
EMPLOYER LIABILITY FOR SEXUAL HARASSMENT CULMINATING IN CONSTRUCTIVE DISCHARGE: RESOLVING THE TANGIBLE EMPLOYMENT ACTION QUESTION |
14 Southern California Review of Law and Women's Studies 25 (Fall, 2004) |
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on an individual's sex. The United States Supreme Court recognized that one form of sex discrimination is sexual harassment in the workplace and that an employer can be held liable for a supervisor's sexually harassing conduct towards an employee if such conduct led... |
2004 |
| Patricia Nemeth , Daniel Villaire |
EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR LAW |
50 Wayne Law Review 517 (Summer, 2004) |
I. Introduction. 518 II. Pleading and Proving Employment Claims. 518 A. Whistleblowers' Protection Act--Retaliation and Pretext. 519 B. Cause of Action for Damages under the Employee Right to Know Act. 521 C. City Charter as Basis for Private Cause of Action. 525 III. Sexual Harassment. 531 A. No Individual Liability under the ELCRA for... |
2004 |
| Virginia A. Berlando |
EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION CLAIMANTS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO EXHIBIT DIRECT EVIDENCE OF DISCRIMINATION: DESERT PALACE, INC. V. COSTA |
6 Duquesne Business Law Journal 267 (Spring 2004) |
EMPLOYMENT LAW - The United States Supreme Court held that direct evidence is not required to prove employment discrimination in a mixed-motive case under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C.S. § 2000e et seq. (2004); Section 2000e-2(m) unambiguously states that an employee only needs to demonstrate that an employer used an illegal... |
2004 |
| Eyana J. Smith |
EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION IN THE FIRM: DOES THE LEGAL SYSTEM PROVIDE REMEDIES FOR WOMEN AND MINORITY MEMBERS OF THE BAR? |
6 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Labor and Employment Law 789 (Spring 2004) |
It has been fifty years since the ratification of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and still a question remains as to whether legal professionals, primarily attorneys, have a rightful claim under Title VII against their employers for acts of employment discrimination. The case law in this area is sparse; this is partly because of the... |
2004 |
| Patricia Moore |
EMPLOYMENT LAW − RACIAL DISCRIMINATION − CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION MAY BE INTRODUCED TO RAISE A GENUINE ISSUE OF MATERIAL FACT. HOPSON V. DAIMLERCHRYSLER CORP., 306 F.3D 427 (6TH CIR. 2002). |
81 University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 397 (Spring 2004) |
In Hopson v. DaimlerChrysler, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit decided whether summary judgment was appropriate for the defendant on racial discrimination claims based on violations of Title VII, 42 United States Code § 2000e-2000e-17 (2000) and the Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act, Michigan Compiled Laws Annotated 37.2101... |
2004 |
| |
EMPLOYMENT LAW -- VICARIOUS LIABILITY -- FIRST CIRCUIT HOLDS THAT CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE DISCHARGE AS A TANGIBLE EMPLOYMENT ACTION SHOULD BE LEFT TO CASE-BY-CASE DETERMINATION. -- REED V. MBNA MARKETING SYSTEMS, INC., 333 F.3D 27 (1ST CIR. 2003) |
117 Harvard Law Review 1004 (January, 2004) |
In Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth and its companion case, Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, the Supreme Court determined that an employer is subject to vicarious liability under Title VII when a supervisor who has authority over an employee creates an actionable hostile environment. In setting this standard, the Court held that an employer is... |
2004 |
| Elizabeth Zaiden Mazzarella |
EMPLOYMENT LAW: DAWAVENDEWA v. SALT RIVER PROJECT AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND POWER DISTRICT: THE NEED FOR CONGRESSIONAL CHANGE IN NATIVE AMERICAN HIRING PREFERENCES |
28 American Indian Law Review 413 (2003-2004) |
C1-3Table of Contents I. Introduction. 413 II. National Origin Defined in Title VII. 414 A. Overview of Title VII. 414 B. Case History: Courts' Explanations of National Origin. 416 C. Title VII's Application toward Employment on Indian Reservations. 417 III. Indian Self-Determination Act. 420 IV. Dawavendewa v. Salt River Project Agricultural... |
2004 |
| Susan Bisom-Rapp |
EXCEEDING OUR BOUNDARIES: TRANSNATIONAL EMPLOYMENT LAW PRACTICE AND THE EXPORT OF AMERICAN LAWYERING STYLES TO THE GLOBAL WORKSITE |
25 Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal 257 (Winter 2004) |
Although the word globalization may be controversial, few doubt that in the future there will be more cross-border flows of capital, goods, people, services and ideas. . . . Lawyers and others who deliver legal services must be prepared for such a world, whether or not they engage personally in legal work which we currently think of as... |
2004 |
| Michael Z. Green |
FINDING LAWYERS FOR EMPLOYEES IN DISCRIMINATION DISPUTES AS A CRITICAL PRESCRIPTION FOR UNIONS TO EMBRACE RACIAL JUSTICE |
7 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Labor and Employment Law 55 (Fall 2004) |
I. Introduction. 57 II. Obtaining Counsel For Unrepresented Employees: An Employment Discrimination Dispute Resolution Dilemma for the Twenty-First Century. 64 A. Employment Discrimination Litigation and Its Frustrations Without Counsel. 66 B. Alternatives to Employment Discrimination Litigation and Its Frustrations Without Counsel. 69 III. A... |
2004 |
| Erin Scanga |
GLASS CEILING EMPLOYMENT AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN HIRING FOR HEAD COACHING POSITIONS IN THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE |
14 Seton Hall Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law 481 (2004) |
Racism, both conscious and unconscious, continues to interfere with merit-based hiring practices throughout the United States. Discriminatory hiring practices in the National Football League (NFL) can be seen as a microcosm of society. This Comment will focus on the existing hiring practices in the NFL to demonstrate that a system of... |
2004 |
| Vicki Schultz , Gabrielle S. Friedman , Abigail C. Saguy , Tanya K. Hernandez , David Yamada |
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON WORKPLACE HARASSMENT LAW: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 ANNUAL MEETING, ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS SECTION ON LABOR RELATIONS AND EMPLOYMENT LAW |
8 Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal 151 (2004) |
Professor Vicki Schultz: Good afternoon, and welcome! I'm Vicki Schultz, and I am this year's chair of the Labor and Employment Relations Section. I'm very pleased to see that so many of you have turned out for the terrific panel our section is sponsoring this year. Our panel is entitled, Global Perspectives on Workplace Harassment Law. As most... |
2004 |
| Jean R. Sternlight |
IN SEARCH OF THE BEST PROCEDURE FOR ENFORCING EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAWS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS |
78 Tulane Law Review 1401 (May, 2004) |
As our world effectively shrinks, many countries are beginning to reach a striking substantive consensus regarding the prohibition of employment discrimination. Yet, and in sharp contrast, nothing approaching consensus has yet emerged regarding the best procedural method with which to resolve individual claims of employment discrimination. Instead,... |
2004 |
| Amanda J. Zaremba |
NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORP. V. MORGAN: THE FILING QUANDARY FOR LEGALLY ILL-EQUIPPED EMPLOYEES AND ETERNALLY LIABLE EMPLOYERS |
72 University of Cincinnati Law Review 1129 (Spring, 2004) |
The discrimination occurred from the very start for Arthur Logan. In 1990, on his first day at Traintrak, Logan expected to assume the duties of an electrician. However, Traintrak told him that the title of his job was only Electrician Helper. He was disappointed with this title, especially when he discovered that Traintrak had hired less... |
2004 |
| Rhonda M. Reaves |
ONE OF THESE THINGS IS NOT LIKE THE OTHER: ANALOGIZING AGEISM TO RACISM IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION CASES |
38 University of Richmond Law Review 839 (May, 2004) |
I. Introduction. 841 II. The Role of Analogy in Anti-Discrimination Law. 845 A. Use of Analogies Lends Moral Force in Support of Extending the Law to New Groups. 846 B. Failure To Acknowledge Difference Can Undermine the Moral Force of Analogy. 847 C. The Experiences of Older Workers and Workers of Color Are Disanalogous in Certain Respects. 848 1.... |
2004 |
| William J. Vollmer |
PRETEXT IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LITIGATION: MANDATORY INSTRUCTIONS FOR PERMISSIBLE INFERENCES? |
61 Washington and Lee Law Review 407 (Winter, 2004) |
C1-3Table of Contents I. Introduction. 408 II. Development of the McDonnell Douglas Framework. 413 III. Background of the Circuit Split. 417 A. Post-Hicks and Pre-Reeves Circuit Decisions. 417 B. Post-Reeves Circuit Decisions. 423 C. Townsend v. Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co.. 426 IV. Reconciliation of the Circuit Split. 429 A. Argument for... |
2004 |
| Virginia Brown |
REVISITING THE PUBLIC POLICY EXCEPTION TO THE EMPLOYMENT-AT-WILL DOCTRINE FOLLOWING THIBODEAU v. DESIGN GROUP ONE ARCHITECTS: APPLYING AN ETHIC OF CARE ANALYSIS |
3 Connecticut Public Interest Law Journal 295 (Spring, 2004) |
In 2002, in Thibodeau v. Design Group One Architects, the Connecticut Supreme Court holds that Connecticut's Fair Employment Practices Act, General Statute § 46a-60, provides immunity to employers who have less than three employees. This case will likely stir up controversy among business and civil liberties groups. In Thibodeau, Nicole Ann... |
2004 |
| Catherine Lovly, Matthew J. Mehnert |
SOMETHING EVERY LAWYER NEEDS TO KNOW: THE EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE DISTINCTION IN THE MODERN LAW FIRM |
21 Hofstra Labor and Employment Law Journal 663 (Spring 2004) |
The federal anti-discrimination statutes, including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) (herein known collectively as the Acts), were promulgated by Congress in an attempt to rid the workplace of varying forms of discrimination... |
2004 |
| Marisa Anne Pagnattaro |
WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN YOU ARE NOT AT WORK?: LIMITING THE USE OF OFF-DUTY CONDUCT AS THE BASIS FOR ADVERSE EMPLOYMENT DECISIONS |
6 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Labor and Employment Law 625 (Spring 2004) |
I. Introduction. 626 II. It's None of Your Business: Employees' ReasonablE Expectation of Privacy for Off-Duty Conduct. 629 A. Common Law Tort Theories for Invasion of Privacy. 630 1. Intrusion Upon Seclusion. 631 2. Publicizing Private Facts. 637 B. State Statutory Protection of Off Duty Conduct. 640 1. Lawful Use of Consumable Products,... |
2004 |
| Robert W. Sikkel |
WHAT EEO-1 REPORTS REALLY TELL US |
15 Practical Litigator 17 (September 1, 2004) |
Three categories of employers must file the EEO-1: Private employers with 100 or more employees; Private employers with less than 100 employees if affiliated with, owned, or controlled by another company, and the employees of the related companies total 100 or more; and Federal contractors if they are not exempt, have 50 or more employees, and... |
2004 |
| George O. Luce |
WHY DISPARATE IMPACT CLAIMS SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED UNDER THE FEDERAL EMPLOYER PROVISIONS OF THE ADEA |
99 Northwestern University Law Review 437 (Fall 2004) |
One of the most controversial issues in employment law is whether the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) permits disparate impact causes of action. The controversy has centered almost exclusively on the ADEA provisions which govern private employers and state and local government employers. The related provisions which govern... |
2004 |