| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year |
| Phillip R. Jones ; Jennifer A. Youpa ; Stacey S. Calvert |
EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR LAW |
53 SMU Law Review 929 (Summer 2000) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 930 II. STATUTORY CLAIMS. 930 A. Anti-discrimination Statutes. 930 1. Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment. 931 2. Disability Discrimination. 934 3. Race and National Origin Discrimination. 938 4. Age Discrimination. 940 5. Retaliation. 941 B. Workers' Compensation Retaliation. 943 C. Texas Whistleblower Act Claims. 946 III.... |
2000 |
| Abigail C. Saguy |
EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION OR SEXUAL VIOLENCE? DEFINING SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN AMERICAN AND FRENCH LAW |
34 Law and Society Review 1091 (2000) |
In this article I examine how and why the term sexual harassment has been defined very differently in American and French law. Drawing on political and legal history, I argue that feminists mobilized in both countries to create sexual harassment law, but encountered dissimilar political, legal, and cultural constraints and resources. Having... |
2000 |
| Ronald Turner |
EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION, LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT ARBITRATION, AND THE CASE AGAINST UNION WAIVER OF THE INDIVIDUAL WORKER'S STATUTORY RIGHT TO A JUDICIAL FORUM |
49 Emory Law Journal 135 (Winter 2000) |
Employees working in the nation's workplaces are officially protected by a number of federal employment discrimination statutes. For example, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) makes it unlawful for an employer or a labor organization to discriminate against individuals because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national... |
2000 |
| Samuel E. Peckham |
EMPLOYMENT LAW --REVERSE DISCRIMINATION--TITLE RCO DOES NOT REQUIRE A PARTY ALLEGING REVERSE DISCRIMINATION TO PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF BACKGROUND CIRCUMSTANCES TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THE EMPLOYER UNJUSTLY DISCRIMINATES AGAINST THE MAJORITY TO ESTABLISH A PRIMA F |
30 Seton Hall Law Review 1012 (2000) |
In 1992, the United States Postal Service conducted a massive reorganization that consolidated or eliminated numerous executive-level posts. See Iadimarco v. Runyon, 190 F.3d 151, 154 (3d Cir. 1999). During this time, Charles Iadimarco, a white male managerial employee, was forced to tender a 991 Form indicating his preference for other Postal... |
2000 |
| James N. Phillips |
EMPLOYMENT LAW: DISPARATE TREATMENT EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION POST-HICKS ANALYSIS OF DISPARATE TREATMENT DISCRIMINATION UNDER THE MCDONNELL DOUGLAS FRAMEWORK AND ITS RECENT APPLICATION IN THE TENTH CIRCUIT |
77 Denver University Law Review 483 (2000) |
Congress responded to the problem of discrimination in the workplace through the enactment of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII). Under Title VII, an employer may not base its employment decisions on individual employee characteristics such as race or gender. This statutory prohibition is intended to eliminate intentional... |
2000 |
| J. Benjamin Earthman |
EMPLOYMENT-TETRO V. ELLIOTT POPHAM PONTIAC, OLDSMOBILE, BUICK, & GMC TRUCKS, INC.: THE SIXTH CIRCUIT INTERPRETS TITLE VII AND THE TENNESSEE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT TO INCLUDE DISCRIMINATION BASED UPON AN EMPLOYEE'S BIRACIAL CHILD |
30 University of Memphis Law Review 971 (Summer, 2000) |
On July 28, 1996, Elliott Popham hired Plaintiff Fred E. Tetro, Jr., a white male, as the finance manager of his automobile dealership. Tetro came highly recommended by Brian McDonald, the General Manager of the dealership and immediately began receiving praise for his job performance from not only co-workers but also Popham himself. Tetro's... |
2000 |
| Mary Beth Hamilton |
FARAGHER V. CITY OF BOCA RATON: EMPLOYERS HELD VICARIOUSLY LIABLE FOR SUPERVISORY-CREATED HOSTILE WORK ENVIRONMENTS |
9 Widener Journal of Public Law 431 (2000) |
One of the fastest growing areas of law in the employment field today is hostile work environment discrimination. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 established a cause of action not only for discriminatory acts with tangible employment consequences, but also one for hostile work environments. The hostile work environment was first... |
2000 |
| Barclay D. Beery |
FROM ASPIRATION TO ARROGANCE AND BACK: THE ONCE AND FUTURE ROLE OF "EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY" UNDER TITLE VII |
34 Valparaiso University Law Review 435 (Summer, 2000) |
Of course it's not true. Of course it never will be true. But I challenge anybody to tell me that it isn't the type of goal we should try to get to as fast as we can. - Thurgood Marshall . . . the others you will meet. They won't act as kindly if they see you on the street. - Donald Fagen and Walter Becker Our grandson, Jack, has come over to visit... |
2000 |
| Honorable H. Lee Sarokin ; Jane K. Babin ; Allison H. Goddard |
HAS AFFIRMATIVE ACTION BEEN NEGATED? A CLOSER LOOK AT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT |
37 San Diego Law Review 575 (Summer 2000) |
I. Introduction. 576 II. Affirmative Action in the Supreme Court: The Evolution and Aftermath of Strict Scrutiny. 578 A. The Development of Strict Scrutiny in the Public Employment Context. 581 B. The New Debate: Is Strict Scrutiny the Death Knell for Affirmative Action?. 590 C. Summary. 599 III. The Aftermath of Strict Scrutiny in the Lower... |
2000 |
| John E. Taylor |
HELPING THOSE WHO HELP THEMSELVES: THE FOURTH CIRCUIT'S TREATMENT OF AGREEMENTS TO ARBITRATE STATUTORY EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION CLAIMS IN BROWN V. ABF FREIGHT SYSTEMS, INC. AND EEOC V. WAFFLE HOUSE, INC. |
79 North Carolina Law Review 239 (December, 2000) |
Plainly, it would not comport with the congressional objectives behind a statute seeking to enforce civil rights . . . to allow the very forces that had practiced discrimination to contract away the right to enforce civil rights in the courts. For federal courts to defer to arbitral decisions reached by the same combination of forces that had long... |
2000 |
| Mindy L. Caplan |
III. EMPLOYMENT LAW |
59 Maryland Law Review 1330 (2000) |
In Spriggs v. Diamond Auto Glass, the Fourth Circuit considered whether at-will employment relationships were contracts entitled to the protection of 42 U.S.C. ยง 1981. Section 1981 guarantees that all people have equal rights to make and to enforce contracts. The court held that although at-will employment relationships were terminable at the... |
2000 |
| Michael S. Truesdale , G. James Landon |
LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT LAW |
31 Texas Tech Law Review 711 (2000) |
I. L2-4Introduction 714 II. L2-4Sexual Harassment/Sexual Discrimination 714 A. L3-4Sufficiency of Knowledge of Harassment 715. 1. Constructive Knowledge Based on Departmental Organization: Sharp v. City of Houston. 715 2. Knowledge Deemed Relevant as a Result of Company Harassment Policies: Williamson v. City of Houston. 717 B. L3-4Hostile Work... |
2000 |
| Gary M. Kramer |
LIMITED LICENSE TO FISH OFF THE COMPANY PIER: TOWARD EXPRESS EMPLOYER POLICIES ON SUPERVISOR-SUBORDINATE FRATERNIZATION |
22 Western New England Law Review 77 (2000) |
Co-workers very often enter romantic relationships with each other. Employers cannot effectively prohibit that, and should not try. However, certain office romances-between supervisors and subordinates who are in a direct reporting relationship or are otherwise on different hierarchical levels-are particularly troublesome for the employees... |
2000 |
| Susan C. Thies |
MILLS V. HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION: ARE "BACKGROUND CIRCUMSTANCES' TOO MUCH TO ASK OF A PLAINTIFF ALLEGING REVERSE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT? |
74 Saint John's Law Review 537 (Spring 2000) |
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted to eradicate discrimination against persons on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment determinations. Title VII protects members of any race, gender, religion, or national origin. In McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, a case involving discrimination against a... |
2000 |
| by Robert Belton |
MIXED-MOTIVE CASES IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAW REVISITED: A BRIEF UPDATED VIEW OF THE SWAMP |
51 Mercer Law Review 651 (Winter 2000) |
In 1973 the Supreme Court enunciated an analytical framework in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green with the purpose of providing plaintiffs in statutory employment discrimination cases a full and fair opportunity to prove intentional discrimination despite the unavailability of direct evidence. The McDonnell Douglas framework is used primarily in... |
2000 |
| Mary K. O'Melveny |
NEGOTIATING THE MINEFIELDS: SELECTED ISSUES FOR LABOR UNIONS ADDRESSING SEXUAL HARASSMENT COMPLAINTS BY REPRESENTED EMPLOYEES |
15 Labor Lawyer 321 (Winter/Spring, 2000) |
Sexual harassment continues to be a problem in the workplace, particularly for workers in non-traditional jobs, whether that term means the rarified glass ceiling position, or the mostly male construction site. Labor unions can be confronted with sexual harassment complaints in their capacity as employers, and in their capacity as collective... |
2000 |
| Gary M. Kramer |
NO CLASS: POST-1991 BARRIERS TO RULE 23 CERTIFICATION OF ACROSS-THE-BOARD EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION CASES |
15 Labor Lawyer 415 (Winter/Spring, 2000) |
After a long decline in frequency following a peak in 1976, Title VII pattern and practice employment discrimination class actions have increased in the last few years. Since the Civil Rights Act was enacted, district court judges have had broad discretion in determining whether to certify and how to define a class in these cases. Prior to 1991,... |
2000 |
| Robert Thomas Roos |
NO HARM, NO FRAUD: THE INVALIDITY OF STATE FRAUD CLAIMS BROUGHT AGAINST EMPLOYMENT TESTERS |
53 Vanderbilt Law Review 1687 (October, 2000) |
I. L2-4,T4Introduction 1688 II. L2-4,T4Employment Testers as Litigants: the Debate Over Standing 1695 A. L3-4,T4The Statutory and Administrative Development of Employment Testing 1695 1. Title VII and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 1695 2. Title VII, the Fair Housing Act, and Undercover Testing. 1696 B. L3-4,T4The Jurisprudential... |
2000 |
| Peggie R. Smith |
ORGANIZING THE UNORGANIZABLE: PRIVATE PAID HOUSEHOLD WORKERS AND APPROACHES TO EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATION |
79 North Carolina Law Review 45 (December, 2000) |
In this Article, Professor Smith argues that private paid household workers can and should organize even as they have been excluded from the National Labor Relations Act and most state collective bargaining statutes. Drawing upon historical and contemporary organizing efforts among paid household workers, as well as innovative organizing drives to... |
2000 |
| Brian K. Landsberg |
PAUL D. MORENO, FROM DIRECT ACTION TO AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: FAIR EMPLOYMENT LAW AND POLICY IN AMERICA, 1933-1972, BATON ROUGE: LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1997. PP. 312. $35.00 CLOTH; $12.95 PAPER (ISBN 0-8071-2138-X; 0-8071-2383-8) |
18 Law and History Review 240 (Spring, 2000) |
Paul D. Moreno sets out to furnish a legal, historical, and analytical explanation of the transformation of the color-blind, individual rights, equality of opportunity formula into the color-conscious, group rights, equality of result formula (2). He succeeds admirably in his exposition of the social, economic, and political settings within which... |
2000 |
| Kurt H. Decker |
PENNSYLVANIA'S WHISTLEBLOWER LAW'S EXTENSION TO PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES: HAS THE TIME FINALLY COME TO BROADEN STATUTORY PROTECTION FOR ALL AT-WILL EMPLOYEES? |
38 Duquesne Law Review 723 (Spring 2000) |
L1-2Introduction 724. E5I. At-Will Employment. 731 A. United States. 731 B. Pennsylvania. 735 II. Pennsylvania's Whistleblower Law. 743 III. Pennsylvania's Whistleblower Law's Extension to Private Sector Employees. 750 IV. Statutory Modification of At-Will Employment. 754 A. Why Protect At-Will Employees Statutorily?. 754 B. State Statutes... |
2000 |
| Robert W. Cowan |
PIZZA HUT PAYS THE DOUGH AS THE TENTH CIRCUIT HANDS EMPLOYERS A BIGGER SLICE OF THE SEXUAL HARASSMENT LIABILITY PIE IN LOCKARD V. PIZZA HUT, INC., 162 F.3D 1062 (10TH CIR. 1998) |
41 South Texas Law Review 1157 (Summer 2000) |
I. Introduction. 1157 II. Background on Employer Liability for Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment. 1162 III. How the Tenth Circuit in Lockard Defies Traditional Analysis in Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment Cases. 1165 A. The Should Have Known Standard--A Question of Foreseeability. 1167 B. The Duty to Correct versus the Duty to... |
2000 |
| Joseph M. Kelly , Adele Sinclair |
SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF EMPLOYEES BY CUSTOMERS AND OTHER THIRD PARTIES: AMERICAN AND BRITISH VIEWS |
31 Texas Tech Law Review 807 (2000) |
In both Great Britain and the United States, the respective legislative bodies prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex. In both jurisdictions, courts have concluded that sexual harassment is a prohibited type of sex discrimination. Furthermore, both countries have expanded the scope of traditional employer liability for sexual harassment to... |
2000 |
| Nicole A. Forkenbrock Lindemyer |
SEXUAL HARASSMENT ON THE SECOND SHIFT:THE MISFIT APPLICATION OF TITLE VII EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS TO TITLE VIII HOUSING CASES |
18 Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice 351 (Summer 2000) |
[F]or the embattled/there is no place/that cannot be/home/nor is. Audre Lorde Yet another strand of sexual harassment is infecting women's lives and has begun to be treated in our courts: sexual harassment in the home. In increasing numbers, women are being forced to endure demands for sex from those who provide their housing, and to live in... |
2000 |
| Sindy J. Policy |
THE EMPLOYER AS MONITOR |
10-DEC Business Law Today 9 (November/December, 2000) |
So here's the scene: A woman employee walks past a male colleague's office and sees a suggestive screen saver on his computer terminal. She sues the company for not doing anything about such sexual harassment in the workplace. The company seeks your legal advice. In today's world of exploding employment litigation, employers are seeing a tremendous... |
2000 |
| Joanna L. Grossman |
THE FIRST BITE IS FREE: EMPLOYER LIABILITY FOR SEXUAL HARASSMENT |
61 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 671 (Spring, 2000) |
The common law extends to a dog the prestigious distinction of being entitled to one bite before its owner becomes strictly liable for damages. While this common law privilege for dog owners has been largely abrogated by statute, the Supreme Court recently adopted a variation of it for employers of supervisors who sexually harass their... |
2000 |
| Ernest F. Lidge III |
THE MALE EMPLOYEE DISCIPLINED FOR SEXUAL HARASSMENT AS SEX DISCRIMINATION PLAINTIFF |
30 University of Memphis Law Review 717 (Summer, 2000) |
I. L2-4Introduction 717 II. L2-4The Courts' Unjustified Imposition of a Similarly Situated Requirement 721 III. L2-4The Male Employee Disciplined for Harassment May Meet the Because of Sex Requirement in a Variety of Ways 729 A. Sexual Stereotyping. 729 B. Oncale, Sex Specific Language, and Rumors as Sexual Harassment. 733 C. Cat's Paw Cases.... |
2000 |
| Anne Lawton |
THE MERITOCRACY MYTH AND THE ILLUSION OF EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY |
85 Minnesota Law Review 587 (December, 2000) |
[O]ur legal scheme against discrimination would be little more than a toothless tiger if the courts were to require . . . direct evidence of discrimination. -- Marzano v. Computer Science Corp. Protections in law should be protections in fact. -- President Clinton Two years ago, I developed an exercise for my students, most of whom major in... |
2000 |
| Jennifer L. Rakstad, Charlotte E. Kaiser, Kris T. Pribadi |
THE PROGRESS OF TANZANIAN WOMEN IN THE LAW: WOMEN IN LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL EMPLOYMENT AND LEGAL REFORM |
10 Southern California Review of Law and Women's Studies 35 (Fall 2000) |
The progress of women in the law is a universal issue as women around the world deal with gender inequality in education, the work environment and the laws. Within the legal community of the United States, members of the Bar have raised awareness about the gender disparities that still affect women in legal education, legal employment and the legal... |
2000 |
| Bruce D. Black |
THE USE (OR ABUSE) OF EXPERT WITNESSES IN POST- DAUBERT EMPLOYMENT LITIGATION |
17 Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal 269 (Spring 2000) |
In the course of one decade, the United States Supreme Court has come from holding that expert testimony as to future events was admissible to support a criminal conviction, to the point where it now requires the district judge to carefully scrutinize proposed testimony before permitting an expert to take the witness stand in a civil case. It is... |
2000 |