AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearTypeKey Terms in Title or SummaryCase Status
  Bush V. Orleans Parish School Bd. 138 F.Supp. 337, United States District Court E.D. Louisiana, New Orleans Division, Docket Number CIV. 3630 (2/15/1956) Action in equity , on behalf of Negro children, for a declaratory judgment and injunction against racial segregation in public schools of a parish. On plaintiffs' application for temporary injunction, the District Court, J. Skelly Wright, J., held that administrative remedy under Louisiana statute providing for hearings before parish school... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Bush V. Orleans Parish School Bd. 138 F.Supp. 336, United States District Court E.D. Louisiana, New Orleans Division, Docket Number CIV. 3630 (2/15/1956) Class action to obtain admission of Negro children to the public schools of a parish on a nonsegregated basis. The District Court, Per Curiam, held that provisions of Louisiana Constitution and statutes requiring or permitting segregation of races in public schools are invalid under United States Supreme Court ruling and that no serious... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Bush V. Orleans Parish School Bd. 138 F.Supp. 337, United States District Court E.D. Louisiana, New Orleans Division, Docket Number CIV. 3630 (2/15/1956) Action in equity , on behalf of Negro children, for a declaratory judgment and injunction against racial segregation in public schools of a parish. On plaintiffs' application for temporary injunction, the District Court, J. Skelly Wright, J., held that administrative remedy under Louisiana statute providing for hearings before parish school... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Bush V. Orleans Parish School Bd. 138 F.Supp. 336, United States District Court E.D. Louisiana, New Orleans Division, Docket Number CIV. 3630 (2/15/1956) Class action to obtain admission of Negro children to the public schools of a parish on a nonsegregated basis. The District Court, Per Curiam, held that provisions of Louisiana Constitution and statutes requiring or permitting segregation of races in public schools are invalid under United States Supreme Court ruling and that no serious... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Carson V. Warlick 238 F.2d 724, United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit, Docket Number 7281 (11/14/1956) Petition for writ of mandamus to compel District Court to vacate order staying proceedings for declaratory judgment and injunctive relief against race discrimination in admission of pupils to schools, to allow supplemental pleading to be filed and to proceed with the cause. The Court of Appeals, Parker, Chief Judge, held that Negroes who had... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Carson V. Warlick 238 F.2d 724, United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit, Docket Number 7281 (11/14/1956) Petition for writ of mandamus to compel District Court to vacate order staying proceedings for declaratory judgment and injunctive relief against race discrimination in admission of pupils to schools, to allow supplemental pleading to be filed and to proceed with the cause. The Court of Appeals, Parker, Chief Judge, held that Negroes who had... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Central Amusement Co. V. District of Columbia 121 A.2d 865, Municipal Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, Docket Number 1753 (4/3/1956) Prosecution on charge that defendant violated act prohibiting persons who have obtained license for conducting place of public amusement of any kind from making any distinction on account of race or color. A judgment of conviction was entered in the Municipal Court for the District of Columbia, Criminal Division, and the defendant appealed. The... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Central of Georgia Ry. Co. V. Jones 229 F.2d 648, United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit, Docket Number 15451 (1/31/1956) Action for injunctive and other relief. The United States District Court for the Northern District Alabama, H. H. Grooms, J., granted the relief sought but, invoking the Alabama statute of limitations, allowed damages only for period of one year prior to commencement of suit, and both sides appealed. The Court of Appeals held that Negro employees,... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Central of Georgia Ry. Co. V. Jones 229 F.2d 648, United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit, Docket Number 15451 (1/31/1956) Action for injunctive and other relief. The United States District Court for the Northern District Alabama, H. H. Grooms, J., granted the relief sought but, invoking the Alabama statute of limitations, allowed damages only for period of one year prior to commencement of suit, and both sides appealed. The Court of Appeals held that Negro employees,... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Clark V. Flory 141 F.Supp. 248, United States District Court E.D. South Carolina, Charleston Division, Docket Number CIV. 5082 (4/19/1956) Action for declaratory relief. The District Court, Williams, J., held that declaratory judgment as to right of Negroes to use state park would not issue since state legislature had, subsequent to filing of action, ordered park closed. Complaint dismissed. 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Clark V. Flory 141 F.Supp. 248, United States District Court E.D. South Carolina, Charleston Division, Docket Number CIV. 5082 (4/19/1956) Action for declaratory relief. The District Court, Williams, J., held that declaratory judgment as to right of Negroes to use state park would not issue since state legislature had, subsequent to filing of action, ordered park closed. Complaint dismissed. 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Clark V. Norfolk and Western Ry. Co. Not Reported in F.Supp, United States District Court; W.D. Virginia, at Roanoke, Docket Number 689 (2/1/1956) This cause came on to be heard on the thirtieth day of January, 1956, upon the complaint and answers filed herein and the Court, having heard the testimony and the arguments of counsel, and being fully advised in the premises, makes the following 1. Plaintiffs are Negro yardmen employed by the Norfolk and Western Railway Company as yard brakemen,... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Clark V. Norfolk and Western Ry. Co. Not Reported in F.Supp, United States District Court; W.D. Virginia, at Roanoke, Docket Number 689 (2/1/1956) This cause came on to be heard on the thirtieth day of January, 1956, upon the complaint and answers filed herein and the Court, having heard the testimony and the arguments of counsel, and being fully advised in the premises, makes the following 1. Plaintiffs are Negro yardmen employed by the Norfolk and Western Railway Company as yard brakemen,... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Clemons V. Board of Ed. Of Hillsboro, Ohio 228 F.2d 853, United States Court of Appeals Sixth Circuit, Docket Number 12494 (1/5/1956) Action on behalf of plaintiffs and others similarly situated for preliminary and permanent injunction restraining the Board of Education, the members and superintendent of schools from enforcing a policy of racial segregation. The District Court of the United States for the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division, John H. Druffel, J., denied... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Clemons V. Board of Ed. Of Hillsboro, Ohio 228 F.2d 853, United States Court of Appeals Sixth Circuit, Docket Number 12494 (1/5/1956) Action on behalf of plaintiffs and others similarly situated for preliminary and permanent injunction restraining the Board of Education, the members and superintendent of schools from enforcing a policy of racial segregation. The District Court of the United States for the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division, John H. Druffel, J., denied... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Constantian V. Anson County 244 N.C. 221, Supreme Court of North Carolina, Docket Number 463 (6/6/1956) Action to enjoin issuance and sale of school bonds. The Superior Court, Anson County, Frank M. Armstrong, J., denied the relief sought, and plaintiff appealed. The Supreme Court, Bobbitt, J., recognized that federal Supreme Court decision was authoritative in jurisdiction and that mandatory requirement as to enforced separation of races in public... 1956 Cases Yes  
V. R. Burch, Jr. Constitutional Law-schools and School Districts-injunction-abuse of Discretion in Refusing to Enjoin Racial Segregation in Public School. - Clemons V. Board of Educ., 228 F.2d 853 (6th Cir. 1956) 34 Texas Law Review 1085 (October, 1956) Several Negro children were admitted to two elementary schools in Hillsboro, Ohio, that were formerly all-white. Immediately thereafter, the board of education closed the schools, and divided the city into school zones in such a fashion that the Negro children were reassigned to the formerly all-Negro school; as a result, only white children... 1956 Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources Yes  
V. R. Burch, Jr. Constitutional Law-schools and School Districts-injunction-abuse of Discretion in Refusing to Enjoin Racial Segregation in Public School. - Clemons V. Board of Educ., 228 F.2d 853 (6th Cir. 1956) 34 Texas Law Review 1085 (October, 1956) Several Negro children were admitted to two elementary schools in Hillsboro, Ohio, that were formerly all-white. Immediately thereafter, the board of education closed the schools, and divided the city into school zones in such a fashion that the Negro children were reassigned to the formerly all-Negro school; as a result, only white children... 1956 Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources Yes  
  Covington V. Montgomery County School Bd. 139 F.Supp. 161, United States District Court M.D. North Carolina, Docket Number 323-R (4/7/1956) Suit was brought against county school officials to enjoin them from maintaining separate schools for white and colored children pursuant to the state Constitution. A motion was made to constitute a three-judge federal district court. The District Court, Hayes, J., held that motion should be denied, since validity of the state Constitution,... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Covington V. Montgomery County School Bd. 139 F.Supp. 161, United States District Court M.D. North Carolina, Docket Number 323-R (4/7/1956) Suit was brought against county school officials to enjoin them from maintaining separate schools for white and colored children pursuant to the state Constitution. A motion was made to constitute a three-judge federal district court. The District Court, Hayes, J., held that motion should be denied, since validity of the state Constitution,... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Parks, Com. Of Va. V. Tate 231 F.2d 615, United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit, Docket Number 7129 (4/9/1956) Action by Negro citizens of Virginia against the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Parks, and the individual park commissioners to enjoin threatened racial discrimination in operation of a state park. From a decree of the District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Norfolk, Walter E. Hoffman, J., 133... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Parks, Com. Of Va. V. Tate 231 F.2d 615, United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit, Docket Number 7129 (4/9/1956) Action by Negro citizens of Virginia against the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Parks, and the individual park commissioners to enjoin threatened racial discrimination in operation of a state park. From a decree of the District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Norfolk, Walter E. Hoffman, J., 133... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Derrington V. Plummer 240 F.2d 922, United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit, Docket Number 16151 (12/19/1956) Action to enjoin county from renewing or extending lease of courthouse cafeteria to tenant who would exclude therefrom persons merely because they were Negroes. From a judgment for plaintiffs rendered by the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Ben C. Connally, J., 148 F.Supp. 326, defendants appealed. The Court of... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Derrington V. Plummer 240 F.2d 922, United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit, Docket Number 16151 (12/19/1956) Action to enjoin county from renewing or extending lease of courthouse cafeteria to tenant who would exclude therefrom persons merely because they were Negroes. From a judgment for plaintiffs rendered by the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Ben C. Connally, J., 148 F.Supp. 326, defendants appealed. The Court of... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Evans V. Members of State Bd. Of Ed. 145 F.Supp. 873, United States District Court D. Delaware, Docket Number CIV 1816 (11/9/1956) Class suit against school district trustees refusing to reorganize public school on racially nondiscriminatory basis. On motion of some of defendants to dismiss complaint, the District Court, Wright, J., held that complaint sufficiently alleged a cause of action even though there was no allegation of nonexistence of administrative impediments to... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Evans V. Members of State Bd. Of Ed. 145 F.Supp. 873, United States District Court D. Delaware, Docket Number CIV 1816 (11/9/1956) Class suit against school district trustees refusing to reorganize public school on racially nondiscriminatory basis. On motion of some of defendants to dismiss complaint, the District Court, Wright, J., held that complaint sufficiently alleged a cause of action even though there was no allegation of nonexistence of administrative impediments to... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Fitzgerald V. Pan Am. World Airways 229 F.2d 499, United States Court of Appeals Second Circuit, 23850, Docket Number 160494 (1/26/1956) Action by airline passengers against airline for damages for alleged violation of statutes prohibiting air carriers from effecting discrimination. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Alexander Bicks, J., 132 F.Supp. 798, rendered judgment for defendant, and plaintiffs appealed. The Court of Appeals, Frank,... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Fitzgerald V. Pan Am. World Airways 229 F.2d 499, United States Court of Appeals Second Circuit, Docket Number 23850, 160494 (1/26/1956) Action by airline passengers against airline for damages for alleged violation of statutes prohibiting air carriers from effecting discrimination. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Alexander Bicks, J., 132 F.Supp. 798, rendered judgment for defendant, and plaintiffs appealed. The Court of Appeals, Frank,... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Fletcher V. Coney Island, Inc. 165 Ohio St. 150, Supreme Court of Ohio, Docket Number 34569 (4/18/1956) Action by Negro woman against amusement park operator to enjoin operator from refusing woman admittance to park because of her race or color or for any other reason not applicable alike to other citizens. The Court of Common Pleas, Hamilton County, 121 N.E.2d 574, granted permanent injunction, and operator appealed on questions of law. The Court of... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Fletcher V. Coney Island, Inc. 165 Ohio St. 150, Supreme Court of Ohio, Docket Number 34569 (4/18/1956) Action by Negro woman against amusement park operator to enjoin operator from refusing woman admittance to park because of her race or color or for any other reason not applicable alike to other citizens. The Court of Common Pleas, Hamilton County, 121 N.E.2d 574, granted permanent injunction, and operator appealed on questions of law. The Court of... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
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