AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearTypeKey Terms in Title or SummaryCase Status
Charles Fairman Foreword: the Attack on the Segregation Cases 70 Harvard Law Review 83 (November, 1956) Events have dictated the theme of this Foreword. The Supreme Court has run into a storm of protest, as severe as it has ever encountered. If the protests are unjust, then the protestants, however sincere, are doing enormous public harm. I believe that the attacks are unjust, that on the controverted matters the Court has been right, that it has... 1956 Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources Yes  
Charles Fairman Foreword: the Attack on the Segregation Cases 70 Harvard Law Review 83 (November, 1956) Events have dictated the theme of this Foreword. The Supreme Court has run into a storm of protest, as severe as it has ever encountered. If the protests are unjust, then the protestants, however sincere, are doing enormous public harm. I believe that the attacks are unjust, that on the controverted matters the Court has been right, that it has... 1956 Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources Yes  
  Green V. City of New Orleans 88 So.2d 76, Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Parish of Orleans, Docket Number 20696 (6/11/1956) Suit by a Negro for a writ of mandamus compelling a city Bureau of Vital Statistics to change the designation of the race of an infant girl, sought to be adopted by plaintiff, in her birth certificate from white to colored or show cause why such change should not be made. From a judgment of the Civil District Court for the Parish of Orleans,... 1956 Cases Yes This is no longer good law for at least one of the points of law it contains.
  Green V. City of New Orleans 88 So.2d 76, Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Parish of Orleans, Docket Number 20696 (6/11/1956) Suit by a Negro for a writ of mandamus compelling a city Bureau of Vital Statistics to change the designation of the race of an infant girl, sought to be adopted by plaintiff, in her birth certificate from white to colored or show cause why such change should not be made. From a judgment of the Civil District Court for the Parish of Orleans,... 1956 Cases Yes This is no longer good law for at least one of the points of law it contains.
  Harris V. Echols 146 F.Supp. 607, United States District Court S.D. Georgia, Waycross Division, Docket Number CIV 370 (11/2/1956) Action to enjoin county registrars from removing Negroes' names from county voting lists. The District Court, Scarlett, J., held that evidence was insufficient to establish plaintiffs' right to injunction. Injunction denied and restraining order dissolved. 1956 Cases Yes  
  Harris V. Echols 146 F.Supp. 607, United States District Court S.D. Georgia, Waycross Division, Docket Number CIV 370 (11/2/1956) Action to enjoin county registrars from removing Negroes' names from county voting lists. The District Court, Scarlett, J., held that evidence was insufficient to establish plaintiffs' right to injunction. Injunction denied and restraining order dissolved. 1956 Cases Yes  
  Hayes V. Crutcher 137 F.Supp. 853, United States District Court M.D. Tennessee, Nashville Division, Docket Number CIV. 1344 (1/16/1956) Negroes brought action for declaratory judgment and to enjoin City Board of Park Commissioners from denying to Negroes the use of public golf courses in city. The Negroes renewed their motion for summary judgment, which had previously been denied. The District Court, Elmer D. Davies, J., held that where District Court, following the doctrine of... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Hayes V. Crutcher 137 F.Supp. 853, United States District Court M.D. Tennessee, Nashville Division, Docket Number CIV. 1344 (1/16/1956) Negroes brought action for declaratory judgment and to enjoin City Board of Park Commissioners from denying to Negroes the use of public golf courses in city. The Negroes renewed their motion for summary judgment, which had previously been denied. The District Court, Elmer D. Davies, J., held that where District Court, following the doctrine of... 1956 Cases Yes This has some negative history but hasn’t been reversed or overruled.
  Heyward V. Public Housing Administration 238 F.2d 689, United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit, Docket Number 16040 (11/30/1956) Negroes brought action against Public Housing Administration, its field office director, Housing Authority of Savannah, and its officers for declaratory judgment, to enjoin segregation in public low-rent housing projects, and for award of $5,000 damages to each Nogro. The United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia, Frank M.... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Heyward V. Public Housing Administration 238 F.2d 689, United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit, Docket Number 16040 (11/30/1956) Negroes brought action against Public Housing Administration, its field office director, Housing Authority of Savannah, and its officers for declaratory judgment, to enjoin segregation in public low-rent housing projects, and for award of $5,000 damages to each Nogro. The United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia, Frank M.... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Hoxie School Dist. No. 46 of Lawrence County, Ark. V. Brewer 137 F.Supp. 364, United States District Court E.D. Arkansas, Jonesboro Division, Docket Number J-918 (1/9/1956) Action by consolidated school district, its directors and superintendent for a declaratory judgment and injunction against further interference with operation of schools on desegregated basis. The District Court, Reeves, J., held that the evidence established that defendants had done the things complained of in the petition. Order accordingly. See... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Hoxie School Dist. No. 46 of Lawrence County, Ark. V. Brewer 137 F.Supp. 364, United States District Court E.D. Arkansas, Jonesboro Division, Docket Number J-918 (1/9/1956) Action by consolidated school district, its directors and superintendent for a declaratory judgment and injunction against further interference with operation of schools on desegregated basis. The District Court, Reeves, J., held that the evidence established that defendants had done the things complained of in the petition. Order accordingly. See... 1956 Cases Yes  
  In re Girard's Estate 4 Pa. D. & C.2d 671, Orphans' Court of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia County (1/1/1956) William Ashe Foust, age 8, hereinafter called the applicant, a Negro orphan boy residing in Philadelphia, by his mother, has filed a petition in this court seeking a review of the resolution of the Board of Directors of City Trusts, trustee of the will of Stephen Girard, hereinafter called the Board, in dismissing his application for admission to... 1956 Cases Yes This is no longer good law for at least one of the points of law it contains.
  In re Girard's Estate 4 Pa. D. & C.2d 671, Orphans' Court of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia County (1/1/1956) William Ashe Foust, age 8, hereinafter called the applicant, a Negro orphan boy residing in Philadelphia, by his mother, has filed a petition in this court seeking a review of the resolution of the Board of Directors of City Trusts, trustee of the will of Stephen Girard, hereinafter called the Board, in dismissing his application for admission to... 1956 Cases Yes This is no longer good law for at least one of the points of law it contains.
  Jackson V. Rawdon 235 F.2d 93, United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit, Docket Number 15927 (6/28/1956) Action by Negro children of school age against school board and school officials for declaratory judgment and an injunction against maintenance of segregated school. The United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Joe Ewing Estes, J., 135 F.Supp. 936, rendered judgment for defendants, and plaintiffs appealed. The Court of... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Jackson V. Rawdon 235 F.2d 93, United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit, Docket Number 15927 (6/28/1956) Action by Negro children of school age against school board and school officials for declaratory judgment and an injunction against maintenance of segregated school. The United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Joe Ewing Estes, J., 135 F.Supp. 936, rendered judgment for defendants, and plaintiffs appealed. The Court of... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Legal Sanctions to Enforce Desegregation in the Public Schools: the Contempt Power and the Civil Rights Acts 65 Yale Law Journal 630 (April, 1956) Implementation of desegregation in the public schools is a problem that will be solved, at least in part, by resort to the coercive sanctions that the law provides. The history of law enforcement in the United States does not demonstrate that the full use of the more powerful legal weapons necessarily results in obedience, or that it is even... 1956 Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources Yes  
  Legal Sanctions to Enforce Desegregation in the Public Schools: the Contempt Power and the Civil Rights Acts 65 Yale Law Journal 630 (April, 1956) Implementation of desegregation in the public schools is a problem that will be solved, at least in part, by resort to the coercive sanctions that the law provides. The history of law enforcement in the United States does not demonstrate that the full use of the more powerful legal weapons necessarily results in obedience, or that it is even... 1956 Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources Yes  
  Marshall V. Central of Georgia Ry. Co. Not Reported in F.Supp, United States District Court; S.D. Georgia, Savannah Division, Docket Number 834 (10/24/1956) The plaintiffs as Negro trainmen employed in the Savannah Division of the Central of Georgia Railway Company and the Southern Association of Colored Railroad Trainmen bring an action on behalf of such Negro trainmen and others similarly situated against the defendants to prevent their putting into effect the five-day work week under a collective... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Marshall V. Central of Georgia Ry. Co. Not Reported in F.Supp, United States District Court; S.D. Georgia, Savannah Division, Docket Number 834 (10/24/1956) The plaintiffs as Negro trainmen employed in the Savannah Division of the Central of Georgia Railway Company and the Southern Association of Colored Railroad Trainmen bring an action on behalf of such Negro trainmen and others similarly situated against the defendants to prevent their putting into effect the five-day work week under a collective... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Mckinley Park Homes, Inc. V. Commission on Civil Rights 20 Conn.Supp. 169, Superior Court of Connecticut, Hartford County, Docket Number 106389 (11/5/1956) The Commission on Civil Rights found that housing corporation discriminated against Negro, who had made application to housing corporation to rent an apartment, because of his race, and the commission appealed. The Superior Court, Cotter, J., held that evidence was insufficient to sustain the finding of the Commission. Appeal allowed. 1956 Cases Yes  
  Mckinley Park Homes, Inc. V. Commission on Civil Rights 20 Conn.Supp. 169, Superior Court of Connecticut, Hartford County, Docket Number 106389 (11/5/1956) The Commission on Civil Rights found that housing corporation discriminated against Negro, who had made application to housing corporation to rent an apartment, because of his race, and the... 1956 Trial Court Orders Yes  
  Mckinley Park Homes, Inc. V. Commission on Civil Rights 20 Conn.Supp. 169, Superior Court of Connecticut, Hartford County, Docket Number 106389 (11/5/1956) The Commission on Civil Rights found that housing corporation discriminated against Negro, who had made application to housing corporation to rent an apartment, because of his race, and the commission appealed. The Superior Court, Cotter, J., held that evidence was insufficient to sustain the finding of the Commission. Appeal allowed. 1956 Cases Yes  
  Mckinley Park Homes, Inc. V. Commission on Civil Rights 20 Conn.Supp. 169, Superior Court of Connecticut, Hartford County, Docket Number 106389 (11/5/1956) The Commission on Civil Rights found that housing corporation discriminated against Negro, who had made application to housing corporation to rent an apartment, because of his race, and the... 1956 Trial Court Orders Yes  
  Mcswain V. County Bd. Of Ed. Of Anderson County, Tenn. 138 F.Supp. 570, United States District Court, E.D. Tennessee, Northern Division, Docket Number CIV. 1555 (1/4/1956) Suit for a declaratory judgment and to enjoin racial discrimination in public high schools of county. On defendants' motion for summary judgment and plaintiffs' motion for final decree, the District Court, Robert L. Taylor, J., held that school authorities of county must adopt a program of integration that would expeditiously permit enrollment of... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Mcswain V. County Bd. Of Ed. Of Anderson County, Tenn. 138 F.Supp. 570, United States District Court, E.D. Tennessee, Northern Division, Docket Number CIV. 1555 (1/4/1956) Suit for a declaratory judgment and to enjoin racial discrimination in public high schools of county. On defendants' motion for summary judgment and plaintiffs' motion for final decree, the District Court, Robert L. Taylor, J., held that school authorities of county must adopt a program of integration that would expeditiously permit enrollment of... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Moore V. Board of Ed. Of Harford County 146 F.Supp. 91, United States District Court, D. Maryland, Docket Number CIV 9105 (11/23/1956) Action by four Negro children seeking admission to certain public schools. The District, Thomsen, Chief Judge, held that where prior action by plaintiffs for same relief had been dismissed following adoption of desegregation resolution by county board of education and subsequently such board promulgated a desegregation policy providing for the... 1956 Cases Yes  
  Moore V. Board of Ed. Of Harford County 146 F.Supp. 91, United States District Court, D. Maryland, Docket Number CIV 9105 (11/23/1956) Action by four Negro children seeking admission to certain public schools. The District, Thomsen, Chief Judge, held that where prior action by plaintiffs for same relief had been dismissed following adoption of desegregation resolution by county board of education and subsequently such board promulgated a desegregation policy providing for the... 1956 Cases Yes  
Randolph E. Paul Mr. Justice Black and Federal Taxation 65 Yale Law Journal 495 (February, 1956) On August 12, 1937, President Roosevelt nominated Hugo Black, senior Senator from Alabama, to be Associate Justice of the Supreme Court to replace Justice Van Devanter, who had retired on June 2, 1937. It was President Roosevelt's first appointment to the Court. The nomination was confirmed by the Senate on August 17, 1937. The nominee took his... 1956 Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources Yes  
Randolph E. Paul Mr. Justice Black and Federal Taxation 65 Yale Law Journal 495 (February, 1956) On August 12, 1937, President Roosevelt nominated Hugo Black, senior Senator from Alabama, to be Associate Justice of the Supreme Court to replace Justice Van Devanter, who had retired on June 2, 1937. It was President Roosevelt's first appointment to the Court. The nomination was confirmed by the Senate on August 17, 1937. The nominee took his... 1956 Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources Yes  
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