AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYear
Julia Rhine OLD GILLS BREATHE NEW LIFE: A RECENT FISH PROTECTION CASE CONSTITUTIONALIZED NORTH CAROLINA CITIZENS' ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS 5 North Carolina Civil Rights Law Review 227 (Spring, 2025) Introduction. 227 I. How the Tide Rolled In: Legal History. 228 II. About Coastal. 231 III. Changing the Tides: Coastal Implications. 234 IV. Potential for a Tsunami: Why this Change Could Be Monumental. 237 V. Where Should Litigators Cast Their Nets Next?. 243 Conclusion. 244 2025
Hannah E. Grayem OVERBURDENED AND UNLIKELY TO CHANGE: THE IMMEDIATE IMPORTANCE OF EFFICACIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE INITIATIVES 53 Urban Lawyer 349 (Spring, 2025) For decades, the most vulnerable communities in the United States have carried the burden of new highways, hazardous waste sites, industrial warehouses, oil refineries, chemical manufacturers, and landfills. Although mentions of environmental justice have made their way into countless government policies over the last several years, the holistic... 2025
Ernesto Bustinza PANAMA'S LEGAL OBLIGATION TO RELOCATE THE GUNA PEOPLE: INTERNATIONAL LAW AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN GARDI SUGDUB 31 Southwestern Journal of International Law 511 (2025) The accelerating impacts of climate change are displacing vulnerable communities worldwide, raising urgent questions of state responsibility and human rights. This note examines Panama's legal obligation to implement a planned relocation of the Guna people from the island of Gardi Sugdub, which faces imminent uninhabitability due to rising sea... 2025
Sarah M. Hofgesang PEDAGOGY OF THE POLLUTED: ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE FOR SCHOOL COMMUNITIES 36 Villanova Environmental Law Journal 79 (2025) For most educators, the term school environment evokes the sociocultural atmosphere of a school. This term's use has become more widespread among the broader community because America's school buildings directly compromise students' health and safety. Aging building infrastructure, pre-existing and newly deposited pollutants, and climate change... 2025
Michael A. Powell, David Switzer, Manuel P. Teodoro, O. Therese Teodoro PFAS AND THE FUTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE REGULATION 40-FALL Natural Resources & Environment 22 (Fall, 2025) Popularly described as forever chemicals for their stability in the environment, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals that were first developed in the 1940s. They are used in construction materials, lubricants, adhesives, cleaners, packaging, electronics, cosmetics, and more. Conventional firefighting foam... 2025
Monte Mills, Martin Nie PLANNING A NEW PARADIGM: TRIBAL CO-STEWARDSHIP AND FEDERAL PUBLIC LANDS PLANNING 36 Colorado Environmental Law Journal 279 (Spring, 2025) Planning is a critical part of the federal government's management of the nation's public lands. Over the last half-century, Congress has mandated that each of the four major public land management agencies; the U.S. Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service, develop and rely on... 2025
Henry Alsobrook PLANTING TREES WHOSE SHADE WE SHALL NEVER SIT IN: COMPARING FUTURE GENERATIONS' RIGHT TO A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT IN PENNSYLVANIA AND THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM 38 Tulane Environmental Law Journal 65 (Winter, 2025) I. Introduction. 66 II. Pennsylvania's Public Trust. 67 A. Legislative Intentions of the ERA. 67 B. Judicial Degradation of the ERA. 70 C. PEDF's Intergenerational Determination. 73 III. The Inter-American System's Right to a Healthy Environment. 75 A. A History of Future Generations. 75 B. Slow Growth in the Courts. 77 C. Lhaka Honhat Makes Good... 2025
Ambria N. Smith , Samantha Phillips Beers , John C. Dernbach , Emma H. Bast , Margaret O. Murphy , Moderator, Presenters PRESENTATIONS: PENNSYLVANIA'S ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE 36 Villanova Environmental Law Journal 261 (2025) Ambria N. Smith, Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law: Thank you to my colleague and friend, Madison Lesgart, as well as the panelists who have spoken this morning. It was an enlightening and enriching conversation. My name is Ambria Smith, and I will be the moderator for the second half of this morning's conversation. We are going to... 2025
Ezra Rosser PROGRESS AND THE TAKING OF INDIGENOUS LAND 85 Ohio State Law Journal 623 (2025) The taking of Indigenous land to further other societal goals is so ubiquitous and fundamental to the American project that sometimes acts of dispossession are not even recognized as such. This Article argues that the generally accepted understanding of Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff, a key case in the American takings law canon, overlooks... 2025
Jessie Big Knife PROTECTING MOTHER EARTH 39-WTR Natural Resources & Environment 28 (Winter, 2025) My name is Jessie Big Knife; I am a member of the Chippewa Cree Tribe. I begin my story as many in my Tribe begin their stories--with an expression of gratitude. I am grateful to my grandparents and tribal elders for passing their stories to me; to each of you for reading this story; to the ABA Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources for... 2025
Maggie Baker PROTECTING THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT: USING NEPA TO CHALLENGE IMMIGRATION DETENTION 55 Environmental Law 371 (Spring, 2025) Historically, the concerns of environmentalism and the concerns of human rights advocates in the immigration sphere have conflicted significantly. Environmentalism has bolstered and promoted harmful overpopulation theories which demonize immigrants and incorrectly blame them for environmental degradation. Environmental interests have, in this... 2025
Michelle Diffenderfer, Christopher Johns PROTECTING TRIBAL INTERESTS IN WATER 39-WTR Natural Resources & Environment 18 (Winter, 2025) On May 2, 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published its final rule titled Water Quality Standards Regulatory Revisions to Protect Tribal Reserved Rights. 89 Fed. Reg. 35,717 (May 2, 2024) (Final Rule). The Final Rule aims to provide a regulatory framework for states and tribes to use when establishing or revising water quality... 2025
Jessica Faucher PROTECTION OR INDIFFERENCE: WHY THE ARIZONA v. NAVAJO NATION DECISION DOESN'T HOLD WATER 54 Stetson Law Review 501 (Spring, 2025) In Arizona v. Navajo Nation, a 5-4 majority of the Supreme Court held under the Navajo Nation's 1868 Treaty with the United States that the United States has no affirmative duty to secure water for the Tribe. In doing so, the majority inflated the Navajo's request for relief, analyzed the Tribe's claim under the wrong legal framework, and reached... 2025
Temple Stoellinger , Sam Johnson , Bryan Leonard , Eric C. Atkinson PUBLIC PLAYGROUNDS OR PRIVATE TRUSTS? THE FUTURE OF RECREATION ON STATE TRUST LANDS 55 Environmental Law Reporter (ELI) 10294 (May/June, 2025) State trust lands, covering more than 40 million acres across the West, were granted to states with the primary purpose of generating revenue for public schools and other designated beneficiaries. These lands were historically managed for extractive uses such as grazing, timber harvesting, and mineral development. This Article examines how... 2025
Erin Ryan PUBLIC TRUST PRINCIPLES AND ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS: THE HIDDEN DUALITY OF CLIMATE ADVOCACY AND THE ATMOSPHERIC TRUST 49 Harvard Environmental Law Review 225 (2025) This article explores the confluence of two seemingly contrasting models of climate advocacy that are, in fact, one--claims for climate regulation based on (1) governmental public trust obligations to protect the atmosphere, and (2) environmental rights held directly by members of the public. The analysis explores how climate litigants are... 2025
Prof. Dr. Diane A. Desierto , Jean Marc Brissau , Laura Allaben , Pavithra Rajendran , Nourhan Fahmy , Oluwaseun Ojo , Nicolas Buitrago Rey , Faisal Yamil Meneses REALIZING RIGHTS TO DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTHY, SAFE, SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN GLOBAL AND LOCAL CLIMATE ACTIONS AFFECTING SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES 23 Santa Clara Journal of International Law 1 (2025) This paper presents new empirical research on two fronts: 1) the individual and collective normative and international legal commitments voluntarily assumed by States in the international system to assist in responding to small island developing States' (SIDS) deeply intertwined ecological vulnerabilities resulting from climate change alongside... 2025
Sean M. Kammer REFLECTIONS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF CRITICAL THEORY TO TEACHING ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 70 South Dakota Law Review 40 (2025) The freedom of students to learn about critical approaches to understanding their world is under sustained political attack. In this time of increasing environmental peril and political dysfunction, Professor Sean M. Kammer reflects upon the importance of critical theory (including Critical Race Theory) to understanding--and ultimately... 2025
Shelley Ross Saxer RESPONSE TO PROGRESS AND THE TAKING OF INDIGENOUS LAND BY EZRA ROSSER THE TRUTH ABOUT MIDKIFF JUSTIFIES KELO'S REVERSAL 86 Ohio State Law Journal Online 167 (2025) I. Introduction. 1 II. The Midkiff Briefs. 3 III. Dispossession of Indigenous Peoples. 6 IV. Eminent Domain as a Discrimination Tool. 7 V. The Inevitability of Kelo and the Dissent's Duplicity. 9 VI. Applying Intermediate Scrutiny in Midkiff?. 10 VII. Conclusion. 122 2025
Journey Alexia Hikialani Matos RETURNING HAWAIIAN LAND TO HAWAIIAN HANDS 22 Pittsburgh Tax Review 261 (Spring, 2025) Native Hawaiians, or Knaka Maoli, have faced numerous obstacles in recent years to maintaining their cultural tradition of keeping a close physical and spiritual relationship with their ancestral land in Hawaii. Before the arrival of missionaries, Hawaiians had for centuries practiced a polytheistic religion that had roots in the environment... 2025
Nagalakshmi Tripuraneni , Benarji Chakka ROLE OF INDIA IN COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES 53 International Journal of Legal Information 14 (Spring, 2025) Transnational environmental crimes threaten serious harm to ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health and have attracted international attention in recent years. India, being a country with a high degree of biodiversity and a unique geographical position, holds strategic importance in curbing illegal wildlife trade, logging, marine degradation,... 2025
Zachary Handler SAVIOR, VILLAIN, OR VICTIM? CONSIDERING CLIMATE CHANGE IN HYDROPOWER LICENSING 55 Environmental Law Reporter (ELI) 10390 (July/August, 2025) Hydropower has a fundamental tension: it both is potentially very useful for mitigating climate change and contributes to many other environmental problems. In the United States, hydropower is the second-largest source of renewable electricity generation, creating 27% of renewable generation though only 6% of total U.S. power generation. The U.S.... 2025
Bridget J. Crawford SEVEN WAYS OF LOOKING AT THE CLIMATE CRISIS 43 Pace Environmental Law Review 1 (Fall, 2025) This essay introduces the symposium issue of the Pace Environmental Law Review featuring seven works written in connection with the March 2025 conference on Taxation, the Environment, and Climate Change. This essay identifies and explores three common themes in the articles: (1) the role of taxation in environmental protection, (2) the tax law's... 2025
Claire Lingley SHIFTING CURRENTS: THE NEXUS BETWEEN MAJOR PROJECT DEVELOPMENT, WATER, AND INDIGENOUS ENGAGEMENT 56 ABA Trends 4 (July/August, 2025) Canada's regulatory framework for major projects is both divided and overlapping: municipalities govern stormwater, zoning, and infrastructure; the federal government has jurisdiction over fish and fish habitats, oceans and boundary waters, and transboundary impacts; and provinces, where most water-related regulation occurs, has the primary... 2025
Nathan Lee SHOULD CENTRAL PARK HAVE STANDING? 15 Arizona Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 259 (Summer, 2025) Expanding conceptions of legal personhood and the pressing need for creative approaches to remedying environmental damage have led to a resurgence in the Rights of Nature Doctrine. Under the Rights of Nature framework, the environment itself becomes a plaintiff with recognizable rights and causes for action. The Rights of Nature literature has thus... 2025
Madeleine L. Kim SOLVING STANDING IS SIMPLY THE START: CLIMATE LITIGATION LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EVOLUTION OF RIGHTS OF NATURE 34 Minnesota Journal of International Law 307 (Fall, 2025) The global climate crisis continues to worsen. The Sixth Synthesis Report issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2023 unequivocally stated that [w]idespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and biosphere have occurred and that [h]uman-caused climate change is already affecting many weather and climate... 2025
Brent D. Chicken, Tanner M. Boyzuick SOVEREIGN LANDS 10 One J: Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal 487 (February, 2025) C1-2Table of Contents I. Introduction. 487 II. Federal Regulatory Developments. 488 A. Amendments to and Issuance of Agency Rules. 488 B. Executive Action. 491 III. Judicial Developments. 493 A. Moratorium on Leases. 493 B. Royalty Calculations on Tribal Lands. 495 C. Administrative Procedures and Environmental Justice. 495 D. Trespass on Tribal... 2025
Abre' Conner SPEAKING UP TO STOP THE CLIMATE CRISIS: HOW THE FIRST AMENDMENT AND EQUAL PROTECTION PROVISIONS CAN AMPLIFY ADVOCACY FOR FRONTLINE COMMUNITIES 72 Drake Law Review 277 (2025) This Article explores the need for an interdisciplinary approach to climate advocacy. Frontline communities in the United States watch as court decisions erode their legal protections, and they bear the burden of disproportionate pollution. Environmental justice activists are speaking out, and these advocates are also educating the public of their... 2025
LaShandra Sullivan , Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA SPIRIT OWNERS, ETHNO-RACIAL CRITIQUE, AND INDIGENOUS LAND STRUGGLE IN BRAZIL 48 PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 1 (May, 2025) Received: 7 December 2023 | Revised: 21 October 2024 | Accepted: 23 November 2024 Keywords: Brazil | indigeneity | land | property | race This article ethnographically explores how the land conflict between Indigenous protesters and agribusiness complexes in Brazil offers insights for critically reevaluating matters of property and... 2025
Tyler Mebane STANDING IN THE WRONG LINE: NAVAJO NATION WATER RIGHTS AFTER ARIZONA v. NAVAJO NATION 57 Arizona State Law Journal 353 (Spring, 2025) Close to a thousand years ago, the ancestors of the Navajo Nation arrived in what would become the American Southwest. They settled in the Colorado River basin, using the river's water to support agriculture and establish a homeland for themselves in the region. Pushed out by the encroachment of the United States as it expanded West, the Navajo... 2025
Ying Zhu STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLIMATE INACTION IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW 44 Stanford Environmental Law Journal 104 (2025) What is state responsibility under international law for failing to take climate action? The existing literature and state practice have primarily focused on international environmental law and human rights law to address this question. This paper explores state responsibility for climate inaction under international investment law. The existing... 2025
Natalia Urzola, Nicholas A. Robinson, Léonore Gaboardi Carandell, Daye Chen, Bryce Clark, Madison Routledge Pettus STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR DISRUPTING EARTH'S CLIMATE SYSTEM: ANTICIPATING THE ICJ ADVISORY OPINION 55 Environmental Law Reporter (ELI) 10073 (January/February, 2025) In 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) will deliver an advisory opinion on the legal obligations of nations with respect to the mounting damage caused by climate change. This ruling will definitively restate applicable international law, provide a basis for new global policy decisions within the U.N. General Assembly, and provide a... 2025
Temple Stoellinger, Bryan Leonard, Travis Brammer, Shawn Regan, Jonathan Wood STATE TRUST LAND REVENUE DIVERSIFICATION THROUGH CONSERVATION 2025 Utah Law Review 1 (2025) Western states oversee tens of millions of acres of state trust lands granted to them by the federal government more than a century ago to fund public education and other public services. Traditionally, these lands have been leased for energy development, timber harvesting, livestock grazing, and other consumptive uses to generate income for the... 2025
Sadie C. Pate STOLEN STREAMS: TRIBAL WATER RIGHTS AND JUDICIAL TAKINGS 49 Harvard Environmental Law Review 655 (2025) Tribal water rights are fundamental to tribal existence and self-determination. Yet, despite treaty protection and federal recognition of these rights for over a century, tribal communities still struggle to realize their water rights. Forced to litigate in state courts under the McCarran Amendment, tribes frequently see those rights systematically... 2025
Lance D. Collins, Bianca Isaki SURVEY OF HAWAI'I ENVIRONMENTAL CASES SINCE 2009 29-JUL Hawaii Bar Journal 4 (July, 2025) Hawai'i's environmental jurisprudence has evolved significantly over the past fifteen years, driven by heightened public awareness, legislative reforms, and judicial clarification of constitutional, statutory, and public trust principles. Two landmark statutory changes helped shape this development: Act 218 (2014), which created Hawai'i's... 2025
Christine Paul THE CHILDREN LEFT BEHIND 40-FALL Natural Resources & Environment 42 (Fall, 2025) Exposure to hazardous waste during fetal development and early childhood represents a critical yet underexamined dimension of environmental justice. In communities burdened by industrial pollution, inadequate regulatory oversight, and proximity to hazardous sites, both pregnant individuals and their children face increased risk of adverse health... 2025
M. Thomas Yang THE CLOBES CONUNDRUM: WHY MULDROW SHOULD NOT APPLY TO HOSTILE WORK ENVIRONMENT CLAIMS AND HOW THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT GOT IT RIGHT 90 Missouri Law Review 635 (Spring, 2025) In 2024, the Supreme Court held that an employee does not have to prove material harm to prevail on a discrimination claim under Title VII. Because hostile work environment claims also derive from Title VII, courts and litigants are currently grappling with whether this ruling upends the long-standing severe or pervasive doctrine. This Note... 2025
David Handelman-Holmes THE DORMANT POWER OF STATE AGENCIES TO FIGHT ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM 123 Michigan Law Review 927 (March, 2025) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 929 I. The Origin of Environmental Justice's Enforcement Gap. 933 A. The Failure of Federal Civil Rights Law to Address Environmental Justice. 934 B. What's Left? Procedure, Not Substance. 937 II. In Flint, a Path Forward Using State Agencies' Existing Permitting Authority. 939 A. A Factory Is Built in an Ailing... 2025
Dr. Taino J. Palermo THE EROSION OF TRUST: ARIZONA v. NAVAJO, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND THE POTENTIAL ABROGATION OF TRIBAL WATER RIGHTS 30 Roger Williams University Law Review 47 (Winter, 2025) The Supreme Court's ruling in Arizona v. Navajo Nation represents a pivotal moment in the ongoing struggle for tribal water rights in the United States. This decision not only impacts the Navajo Nation, but also sets a significant judicial precedent with far-reaching implications for the future of treaty-protected water rights. The Court's ruling... 2025
Erin Ryan THE FOUR HORSEMEN OF THE NEW SEPARATION OF POWERS: THE ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IMPLICATIONS OF WEST VIRGINIA, SACKETT, LOPER BRIGHT, AND CORNER POST 109 Minnesota Law Review 2839 (June, 2025) This Article explores how several of the Supreme Court's most recent environmental decisions--West Virginia v. EPA, Sackett v. EPA, and Loper Bright v. Raimondo--will shift the constitutional balance of power, and how the polity might respond. Under the pretense of safeguarding legislative power, they consolidate judicial power to decide regulatory... 2025
Deborah A. Sivas THE FUTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE CLAIMS UNDER TITLE VI: CAN THE ""SLEEPING GIANT" FINALLY BE AWAKENED? 21 Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties 105 (May, 2025) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 has long been touted as a mechanism to combat environmental injustice. Federal agencies have interpreted the law to forbid federally funded activities that result in a discriminatory racial effect--or disparate impact. In response, practitioners have urged EPA to utilize Title VI's administrative complaint... 2025
Keith H. Hirokawa , Cinnamon Carlarne Hirokawa , Lauren A. VanWagoner THE INEVITABILITY OF LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 36 Fordham Environmental Law Review 218 (Symposium 2025) The United States is entering a new era of environmental law. Within the first few months of President Trump's second term in office, the administration issued a mass of executive orders, memoranda and policy changes that seek to peel back environmental protections, in many cases, to the point of erasure. The administration shuttered entire... 2025
Gabriele Wadlig THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF LAND (GRABBING): HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF RACIAL CAPITALISM 25 Chicago Journal of International Law 479 (Winter, 2025) This article investigates the concept of tenure security within international law, emphasizing the global legal architectures that influence and shape land tenure governance at the intersections of international human rights law and development. By tracing the evolution of tenure security from colonial practices to modern development paradigms, the... 2025
Nazune Menka THE LANDBACK MOVEMENT 39-WTR Natural Resources & Environment 23 (Winter, 2025) The LandBack movement is an Indigenous-led response to the machinations of settler colonialism that has dispossessed Indigenous peoples and Native nations from their ancestral homelands. The movement's goals typically focus on Indigenous peoples regaining control of their ancestral lands--either through restored access and management rights or... 2025
Emily Hammond THE LIMITS--AND THE CREATIVITY CHALLENGE--OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY FOR CLIMATE AND JUSTICE 55 Environmental Law 539 (Summer, 2025) During the Biden Administration, industrial policy became the central means for making progress on both climate change and social justice. This Article, prepared for the Environmental Law Review's Spring Symposium, uses the frame of Joanna Macy's Great Turning to critique the use of industrial policy as a means of promoting enduring systemic change... 2025
Larissa Speak THE ONONDAGA NATION'S LAND CLAIM: RIGHTS WITHOUT A REMEDY? 13 American Indian Law Journal 21 (May, 2025) C1-3Table of Contents I. Overview. 1 II. Introduction. 3 III. Overview of the Onondaga Ancestral Lands and Land Claim. 6 IV. The Marshall Trilogy. 10 V. Oneida II, County of Sherrill, Cayuga and the Onondaga Nation's Land Claim. 13 VI. Recognition of Indigenous Rights by International Law. 17 VII. Conclusion. 20 2025
Ryan A. Semerad THE POLITICAL QUESTION OF PUBLIC LANDS 25 Wyoming Law Review 271 (2025) I. Introduction. 272 II. Background. 274 III. The Judicial Power. 282 IV. The Constitution and Power over Public Lands. 287 A. How to Read the Constitution. 287 B. The Constitutional Allocation of Power over Public Land. 293 1. The Power to Acquire Land. 294 2. Justice John McKinley, Pollard's Lessee v. Hagan, and The Equal Footing Mirage. 296 3.... 2025
Wendy Erickson THE POWER OF SUBNATIONAL ACTORS IN ENFORCEMENT OF THE CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION 34 Minnesota Journal of International Law 281 (Fall, 2025) The Geneva Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) was adopted in 1979 and continues to serve as the preeminent international framework for transboundary air pollution. The international community has used a range of multilateral and bilateral cooperative arrangements to address international movement of harmful pollutants.... 2025
Rhett B. Larson THE PRIVATE SECTOR'S ROLE IN ARIZONA'S WATER FUTURE 44 Stanford Environmental Law Journal 243 (2025) Professor Buzz Thompson's book Liquid Asset explores the critical partnership between the public and private sectors in water management. Water management has taken center stage in Arizona, where Colorado River shortages, groundwater depletion, and persistent water rights litigation has placed national media attention on the state. The principles... 2025
  THE ROLE OF MARINE CO2 REMOVAL IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE 55 Environmental Law Reporter (ELI) 10005 (January/February, 2025) Combating climate change requires not only rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but also removal of significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. CO2 removal (CDR) comes in many different forms, but climate scientists and policymakers are focusing on the potentially important role of large-scale use of emerging... 2025
Christine Paul THE TOXIC DIVIDE: INTERNATIONAL WASTE DUMPING AND THE FIGHT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY 26 Vermont Journal of Environmental Law 120 (Winter, 2025) INTRODUCTION. 121 I. HISTORY OF DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTAL DISCRIMINATION. 121 II. INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL DISCRIMINATION. 123 III. INTERNATIONAL INCIDENTS SPARK PUBLIC OUTCRY. 125 IV. TOXIC WASTE OVERVIEW. 126 V. RELEVANT TREATIES AND THEIR WEAKNESSES. 128 A. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements. 128 B. The Bamako... 2025
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