AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Terms in Title or Summary
David E. Adelman ENVIRONMENTAL FEDERALISM WHEN NUMBERS MATTER MORE THAN SIZE 32 UCLA Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 238 (2014) Two elements of the Clean Air Act are viewed as essential to its many successes: the health-based national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS), which restrict emissions of six widely released air pollutants, and the statute's hybrid form of cooperative federal-state regulation. This Article will show that these programs are far less important to... 2014  
Daniel L. Millimet ENVIRONMENTAL FEDERALISM: A SURVEY OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE 64 Case Western Reserve Law Review 1669 (Summer, 2014) Generally, the debate over environmental federalism strongly focuses on anecdotal evidence and intuition. Empirical facts have not been the focus of arguments concerning the optimal allocation of environmental authority. For example, the Tiebout model, which highlights the positive side of decentralization as jurisdictions efficiently compete for... 2014  
Todd S. Aagaard ENVIRONMENTAL LAW OUTSIDE THE CANON 89 Indiana Law Journal 1239 (Summer, 2014) It is time to rethink the domination of environmental law by a canon of major federal statutes enacted in the 1970s. Environmental law is in a malaise. Despite widespread agreement that existing laws are inadequate to address current environmental problems, Congress has not passed a major environmental statute in more than twenty years. If it is to... 2014  
Richard Lazarus ENVIRONMENTAL LAW WITHOUT CONGRESS 30 Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law 15 (Fall 2014) I. Congressional Environmental Lawmaking During The Nation's Formative Years. 16 II. Congressional Role in Environmental Lawmaking During The Second Half of The Twentieth Century. 21 III. Congress's Role-Or Lack Thereof-Since 1990. 27 IV. Conclusion. 33 2014  
Jing Jin E-WASTE & THE REGULATORY COMMONS: A PROPOSAL FOR THE DECENTRALIZATION OF INTERNationAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION 39 Brooklyn Journal of International Law 1251 (2014) In an isolated junkyard at the edges of Lagos, Nigeria, hundreds of laborers, including young children, pick apart remnants of discarded electronics to recover valuable minerals such as gold and copper. Unaware of the dangerous carcinogens and harmful chemicals that abound in the electronic waste (e-waste), these workers often burn the e-waste in... 2014  
Elizabeth Ann Kronk Warner EXAMINING TribAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 39 Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 42 (2014) Introduction. 43 I. Catalysts for Tribal Environmental Law Development: Promoting Tribal Sovereignty and Responding to Emerging Environmental Concerns. 46 A. Tribal Sovereignty and Related Tribal Environmental Ethics. 46 B. Emerging Environmental Challenges: Adopting Environmental Protection Laws in Light of Natural Resource Development and Climate... 2014  
Anne Bellows HOLDING LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ACCOUNTABLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DISCRIMINation: THE PROMISE OF CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT CODE § 65008 41 Ecology Law Quarterly 1 (2014) Local governments play a crucial role in distributing environmental harms and benefits--and all too often, they disproportionately impose environmental burdens on low-income neighborhoods and neighborhoods of color. The concentration of toxic uses and environmental risks in these communities poses a serious threat to residents' health and safety.... 2014  
Amy Cordalis , Daniel Cordalis Indian WATER RIGHTS: HOW ARIZONA v. CALIFORNIA LEFT AN UNWANTED CLOUD OVER THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN 5 Arizona Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 333 (Fall, 2014) The Colorado River is one of the most important rivers in the world. The river's 1,400-mile journey from the Rocky Mountains to the Sea of Cortez takes on waters from seven states and from the reservations of twenty-eight Indian tribes along the way, 244,000 square miles of river basin in all. The Colorado River is also heavily managed: Its waters... 2014  
Megan Dooly INTERNationAL LAND GRABBING: HOW IOWA ANTI-CORPORATE FARMING AND ALIEN LANDOWNER LAWS, AS A MODEL, CAN DECREASE THE PRACTICE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 19 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law 305 (Fall 2014) I. Introduction. 306 II. The Basics of Land Grabbing. 307 A. Definition of Land Grabbing. 308 B. History of Land Grabbing. 310 1. In the United States. 310 2. Internationally. 313 C. Contextual Framework that Facilitates Land Grabbing. 314 D. Examples of Land Grabbing. 315 1. Private Companies as Land Buyer - North Sudan. 315 2. Governments as Land... 2014  
Jessica Scott MOVE, OR WAIT FOR THE FLOOD AND DIE: PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY DISPLACED POPULATIONS THROUGH A NEW RELOCATION LAW 9 Florida A & M University Law Review 369 (Spring, 2014) If we're still here in 10 years time we either wait for the flood and die, or just walk away and go someplace else. Colleen Swan, Kivalina Council Leader Introduction. 369 I. The Problem: Environmental Displacement. 371 II. Case Study: Kivalina. 375 III. Some Proposed International Solutions and Their Likelihood of Success. 377 IV. A Domestic... 2014  
Dr. Ranee Khooshie Lal Panjabi NOT A DROP TO SPARE: THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 42 Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 277 (2014) I. Introduction. 279 II. Water Pollution. 288 III. Water-Related Diseases. 297 IV. The Many Sources of Water. 301 V. Water Scarcity. 307 VI. Inequity in Availability of the Resource. 318 VII. Climate Change. 320 VIII. Water Transportation. 324 IX. Water Usage. 325 X. Biofuels. 328 XI. Irrigation in the Future. 331 XII. Inequitable Usage of Water.... 2014  
David Takacs PROTECTING YOUR ENVIRONMENT, EXACERBATING INJUSTICE: AVOIDING "MANDATE HAVENS" 24 Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 315 (Spring, 2014) The story in the Business Day section of the New York Times begins, somewhat breathlessly: San Diego - In an unmarked greenhouse, leafy bushes carpet an acre of land here tucked into the suburban sprawl of Southern California. The seeds of the inedible, drought-resistant plants, called jatropha, produce a prize: high quality oil that can be... 2014  
Michael B. Jones , Peter J. Jacques RESPONDING TO ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE: THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT AND AMERICAN FEDERAL INSTITUTIONAL AND SYSTEMIC BARRIERS TO PRIVATE REDRESS OF DISPARATE ENVIRONMENTAL HARM 9 Florida A & M University Law Review 417 (Spring, 2014) This article discusses the use of private action in federal institutions for relief from disparate racial impacts. The courts have eliminated consideration of § 602 disparate impact regulations as the basis for a private right of action challenging environmental harms. Legislative action seems unlikely in this era of gridlock and partisan... 2014  
Michael A. Livermore , Richard L. Revesz RETHINKING HEALTH-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS 89 New York University Law Review 1184 (October, 2014) Under the Clean Air Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to determine the stringency of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), arguably the most important federal environmental program, without considering the costs of achieving these standards. Instead, it must rely exclusively on health-related criteria.... 2014  
Henry N. Butler , Nathaniel J. Harris SUE, SETTLE, AND SHUT OUT THE STATES: DESTROYING THE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM 37 Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 579 (Spring, 2014) Introduction. 580 I. The Background and Legal Standard for Sue-and-Settle Consent Orders. 587 A. General Consent Decree Doctrine. 588 B. Consent Decree Procedure for Government Entities. 590 C. Intervention Under Rule 24 and Joinder Under Rules 19 and 21. 592 D. Modification. 596 II. The Effect of Sue-and-Settle on Environmental Policy. 598 A.... 2014  
Jacquelyn A. Thomas THE FAILURE AND FUTURE OF LAKE OKEECHOBEE WATER RELEASES: A QUASI-GOVERNMENTAL SOLUTION 42 Florida State University Law Review 285 (Fall, 2014) I. Introduction. 285 II. The History and Current Regime Surrounding the Lake Okeechobee Basin. 287 A. How Did We Get Here?. 287 B. The Senate Select Committee on Indian River Lagoon and Lake Okeechobee Basin. 290 III. Jurisdiction over Navigable Waterways. 291 A. The Case Law Defining Navigability. 292 B. The Clean Water Act. 294 IV. Federalism and... 2014  
Hari M. Osofsky THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOLVING GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: REFLECTIONS ON POLYCENTRIC EFFORTS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE 58 New York Law School Law Review 777 (2013/2014) In approaching the symposium topic of solving global environmental problems, I faced three dilemmas regarding the problem--climate change--that has occupied much of my time over the past several years. First, I do not regard it as global. While certainly climate change has global dimensions, which makes attempts to solve it through... 2014  
Ernest F. Lidge III THE NECESSITY OF EXPANDING PROTECTION FROM RETALIATION FOR EMPLOYEES WHO COMPLAIN ABOUT HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT HARASSMENT 53 University of Louisville Law Review 39 (2014) Our nation's employment discrimination laws contain an inherent contradiction. The law imposes a greater duty on employees to complain when they have suffered from a discriminatory hostile environment than when they have been subjected to a discriminatory tangible employment action. However, the anti-retaliation laws, as a practical matter, provide... 2014  
Lane A. Johnson THE RACE THAT ISN'T: HOW INDUSTRY CAN ACTUALLY HELP DRIVE AN INTERNationAL TREND OF HEIGHTENED ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN THE COPPER MINING INDUSTRY 26 Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 327 (2014) On September 16, 2013, a large British mining company named Anglo American announced that it would be withdrawing from a controversial copper and gold mining project in Alaska after encountering a great deal of opposition from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and environmental interest groups. There were concerns that the proposed mine... 2014  
Sara Gonzalez-Rothi Kronenthal THE RIPPLE EFFECT: HOW A LAWSUIT SEEKING CLEANER WATER MAY BE BACKFIRING 3 LSU Journal of Energy Law & Resources 1 (Fall, 2014) Success in litigation requires more than a favorable order. For parties to achieve a desired outcome, forces outside the courtroom must not interfere with the legal victory. In 2009, conservation groups succeeded in negotiating a settlement that, on its face, seemed to promise cleaner water in Florida. However, a ripple of social and political... 2014  
Jeanette Wolfley TribAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS: PROVIDING MEANINGFUL INVOLVEMENT AND FAIR TREATMENT 29 Journal of Environmental Law & Litigation 389 (2014) Introduction. 390 I. Background of Tribal Environmental Authority. 393 II. Policies Supporting Meaningful Involvement and Fair Treatment. 399 A. Providing Good Governance. 400 B. Respecting the Interests of Community Members. 402 C. Protecting and Promoting Tribal Sovereignty. 405 III. Defining Meaningful Involvement and Fair Treatment . 409 A.... 2014  
Amy Hardberger WATER IS A GIRL'S BEST FRIEND: EXAMINING THE WATER VALUATION DILEMMA 62 University of Kansas Law Review 893 (May, 2014) When the well is dry, we know the worth of water. . . . . Only what is rare is valuable, and water, which is the best of all things . . . is also the cheapest. These two quotes personify the current challenge facing water sustainability and the role of markets. Reflected in these words is a traditional economic model of supply and demand and... 2014  
Alison Leary WATER YOU WAITING FOR? BALANCING PRIVATE RIGHTS AND PUBLIC NECESSITY IN THE SOUTH ATLANTIC WETLANDS 6 Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment 243 (2014) A healthy and robust network of wetlands protects coastal communities from storm damage caused by hurricanes. Unfortunately, development pressures threaten wetlands along the South Atlantic coast, the region most susceptible to an increased risk of climate change induced hurricanes. If these wetlands are not protected from destruction, coastal... 2014  
Robert L. Glicksman WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT BY THE MULTIPLE USE AGENCIES: WHAT MAKES THE FOREST SERVICE AND THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT DIFFERENT? 44 Environmental Law 447 (Spring 2014) The organic statutes for the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management direct each agency to manage lands under its jurisdiction in accordance with nearly identical multiple use, sustained yield mandates. Like the dominant use agencies, the National Park Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service, the multiple use agencies are required to... 2014  
Hope M. Babcock [THIS] I KNOW FROM MY GRANDFATHER: THE BATTLE FOR ADMISSIBILITY OF IndigenOUS ORAL HISTORY AS PROOF OF TribAL LAND CLAIMS 37 American Indian Law Review 19 (2012-2013) A major obstacle indigenous land claimants must face is the application of federal evidentiary rules, like the hearsay doctrine, which block the use of oral history to establish legal claims. It is often oral history and stories that tribes rely upon as evidence to support their claims, reducing substantially the likelihood of a tribe prevailing.... 2013  
Amelia Chizwala Peterson A LEGAL STANDARD FOR POST-COLONIAL LAND REFORM 13 Sustainable Development Law & Policy 21 (2012-2013) [T]he increase of lands, and the right employing of them, is the great art of government: and that prince, who shall be so wise and godlike, as by established laws of liberty to secure protection and encouragement to the honest industry of mankind, against oppression of power and narrowness or party, will quickly be too hard for his neighbor .... 2013  
Michelle Bryan Mudd A NEXT, BIG STEP FOR THE WEST: USING MODEL LEGISLATION TO CREATE A WATER-CLIMATE ELEMENT IN LOCAL COMPREHENSIVE PLANS 3 Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 1 (June, 2013) Since it touches all we do and experience, water creates a language through which we may discuss our common future. The West is witnessing early, important efforts to join water supply and land use planning, and the reality of climate change makes this convergence all the more critical. Local comprehensive planning presents itself as an... 2013  
Scott McKenzie A RIVER RUNS THROUGH IT: THE FUTURE OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER TREATY, WATER RIGHTS, DEVELOPMENT, AND CLIMATE CHANGE 29 Georgia State University Law Review 921 (Summer, 2013) C1-3Table of Contents L1-2Introduction . L3922 I. Physical And Political History Of The Columbia River Basin And Treaty. 923 A. Early History Of The River And Basin. 924 B. The Columbia River Treaty: Creation, Management, And Impacts. 928 II. Governance Issues: Theoretical And Practical. 932 A. Western Water Law And Development. 933 B. Competing... 2013  
Adam Garmezy BALANCING HYDRAULIC FRACTURING'S ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS: THE NEED FOR A COMPREHENSIVE FEDERAL BASELINE AND THE PROVISION OF LOCAL RIGHTS 23 Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 405 (Spring 2013) Hydraulic fracturing, or hydrofracking, describes the process wherein fluid is pumped underground at extremely high pressure to drive out oil or natural gas. Although first developed in the 1940s, hydrofracking did not begin to revolutionize the U.S. energy-extraction industry until 1998, when, for the first time, it was used in conjunction with... 2013  
Alice Kaswan CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND LAND USE: EXPLORING THE FEDERAL ROLE 47 John Marshall Law Review 509 (Winter 2013) Scientists agree that climate change impacts are already occurring and will only get worse. Measures to reduce, or mitigate, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are, of course, of central importance. However, even if the international community adopted robust measures to mitigate GHG emissions, accumulated GHGs would nonetheless continue to warm the... 2013  
Jonathan H. Adler CONSERVATIVE PRINCIPLES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REFORM 23 Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 253 (Spring 2013) Major environmental policy reform is long overdue. The current regulatory architecture was erected in the 1970s. Since then meaningful reforms have been few and far between. A few reforms and regulatory expansions were adopted in the 1980s, and Congress enacted significant reforms to the Clean Air Act in 1990. Only the most minor environmental... 2013  
Lee Anne Fennell CROWDSOURCING LAND USE 78 Brooklyn Law Review 385 (Winter, 2013) Could the future of public land use control lie, quite literally, in the hands of the public? Local governments have increasingly embraced new technologies like smartphone apps and online interfaces for involving constituents in land use planning and control. The possibility that we could effectively crowdsource land use decisions through novel... 2013  
Tony Kupersmith CUTTING TO THE CHASE: CORPORATE LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HARM UNDER THE ALIEN TORT STATUTE, KIOBEL, AND CONGRESS 37 William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review 885 (Spring, 2013) Prospectors first discovered commercial quantities of oil in Nigeria over fifty years ago. Today, the country's oil industry accounts for over 95 percent of export earnings and about 40 percent of government revenues, but the environmental costs have been nearly as staggering as the financial benefits. For instance, a recent study by the United... 2013  
Hajin Kim DO TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND INTERNationAL TRADE LAW CONSTRAIN DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION? 43 Environmental Law Reporter News & Analysis 10823 (September, 2013) Environmentalists and free trade proponents sharply disagree on the role that trade plays in impacting environmental welfare. Contrary to environmentalist contentions, trade liberalization can improve environmental regulations, and WTO jurisprudence is more welcoming of domestic environmental regulations than popularly perceived. But, counter to... 2013  
Eric C. Christiansen EMPOWERMENT, FAIRNESS, INTEGRATION: SOUTH AFRICAN ANSWERS TO THE QUESTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS 32 Stanford Environmental Law Journal 215 (June, 2013) I. Introduction. 216 II. The South African Constitutional Right to a Clean and Sustainable Environment. 218 A. The End of Apartheid and the Rise of Constitutionalism in South Africa. 220 1. The Interim Constitution and Democratic Elections. 221 2. The Final Constitution, the Public Participation Programme, and Certification. 223 B. Environmental... 2013  
Yasmin Karimian ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE: THE BRIGHT-LINE SOLUTION 5 Georgetown Journal of Law & Modern Critical Race Perspectives 143 (Fall, 2013) Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere --Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Environmental issues are at the forefront of the world's attention. From global warming to air quality, conflict arises concerning how to best solve these pressing issues in order to provide generations to come with promising, healthy lives. While these issues are... 2013  
Matthew A. Susson ENVIRONMENTS, EXTERNALITIES AND ETHICS: COMPULSORY MULTINationAL AND TRANSNationAL CORPORATE BONDING TO PROMOTE ACCOUNTABILITY FOR EXTERNALIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HARM 20 Buffalo Environmental Law Journal 65 (2012-2013) Developing nations often look to their bounty of natural resources or willing labor as a means of attracting international investors. While national and local governments frequently perceive the arrival of a multinational corporate presence as a boon to their economy, the potential for government instability, ineffectiveness or corruption may... 2013  
Sarah Alves , Joan Tilghman EPA AUTHORITY TO CONSIDER CUMULATIVE EFFECTS AND CUMULATIVE RISK ASSESSMENTS IN DECISION MAKING UNDER THE CLEAN AIR ACT 28 Journal of Environmental Law & Litigation 151 (2013) Introduction and Purpose. 152 I. How the EPA Uses Risk Assessment. 156 II. Judicial Review of the EPA Interpretation of Clean Air Act Authority. 159 A. The Chevron Framework. 159 B. APA Arbitrary and Capricious Review. 163 III. Specific Opportunities to Consider Cumulative Effects in Three EPA Clean Air Act Programs. 169 A. The Clean Air Act: A... 2013  
Danielle M. Purifoy EPCRA: A RETROSPECTIVE ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT 13 Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law & Ethics 375 (Summer 2013) October 2011 marked the 25th Anniversary of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), which was celebrated for its significant role in protecting human health and the environment over the last quarter century by providing communities and emergency planners with valuable information on toxic chemical releases in their area.... 2013  
Donna S. Salcedo HAWAIIAN LAND DISPUTES: HOW THE UNCERTAINTY OF THE NATIVE HAWAIIAN IndigenOUS TribAL STATUS EXACERBATES THE NEED FOR MEDIATION 14 Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution 557 (Winter 2013) Many people see the Hawaiian Islands as a paradise in the Pacific Ocean. However, most are unaware that history has left an unpleasant and permanent scar on the original inhabitants of the islands, the Native Hawaiians. It is often forgotten that the islands were once ruled by its monarchy. In fact, the Hawaiian Kingdom was not overthrown until... 2013  
Inessa Abayev HYDRAULIC FRACTURING WASTEWATER: MAKING THE CASE FOR TREATING THE ENVIRONMENTALLY CONDEMNED 24 Fordham Environmental Law Review 275 (2012-2013) The ever-expanding search for domestic energy supplies in the form of natural gas has fueled a stream of concerns about our greatest natural resource: water. That search has led to the proliferation of hydraulic fracturing, or hydrofracking for short, a rapidly growing method of natural gas extraction in many parts of the country that has... 2013  
Jacinta Ruru IndigenOUS RESTITUTION IN SETTLING WATER CLAIMS: THE DEVELOPING CULTURAL AND COMMERCIAL REDRESS OPPORTUNITIES IN AOTEAROA, NEW ZEALAND 22 Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal 311 (March, 2013) Water is important to all peoples, including indigenous peoples. In recent years, the government in Aotearoa, New Zealand has utilized various cultural redress-type legal mechanisms to recognize and revive the importance of water to the Maori people's identity, health, and wellbeing. These mechanisms create revolutionary modern... 2013  
Heather A. Culp LAND ETHIC UNDER ATTACK: KEYSTONE XL AND THE WAR OVER DOMESTIC S(OIL) 3 Barry University Environmental and Earth Law Journal 126 (2013) The Keystone XL pipeline has caused recent controversy and renewed the debate over the future of fossil fuels in the United States. The project pits largely conservative groups, who argue that the pipeline will create jobs and decrease America's dependence on foreign oil, against environmental advocates, indigenous tribes, and private landowners,... 2013  
Stephen Clowney LANDSCAPE FAIRNESS: REMOVING DISCRIMINation FROM THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2013 Utah Law Review 1 (2013) At its core, this Article argues that the everyday landscape is one of the most overlooked instruments of modern race-making. Drawing on evidence from geography and sociology, the Article begins by demonstrating that the built environment inscribes selective and misleading versions of the past in solid, material forms. These narratives--told... 2013  
Jared Wigginton LARGE-SCALE LAND INVESTMENT IN AFRICA: AN ISSUE OF SELF-HELP AND SELF-DETERMINation 20 U.C. Davis Journal of International Law and Policy 105 (Fall 2013) This paper addresses the environmental and human rights implications arising from the global land rush in developing countries in Africa. It acknowledges both the potential benefits and costs of these large-scale land deals, and then analyzes the international community's current response: The Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of... 2013  
Adam Wallwork LEGISLatinG THE FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE: CONGRESSIONAL POWER AND THE RELIGIOUS LAND USE AND INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS ACT OF 2000 5 Faulkner Law Review 1 (Fall, 2013) This Article evaluates Congress' constitutional authority to resurrect the compelling state interest test in the context of local zoning and landmark ordinances that impose a substantial burden on religious exercise. It analyzes the constitutionality of the three land use provisions of the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of... 2013  
Dave Owen MAPPING, MODELING, AND THE FRAGMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 2013 Utah Law Review 219 (2013) In the past forty years, environmental researchers have achieved major advances in electronic mapping and spatially explicit, computer-based simulation modeling. Those advances have turned quantitative spatial analysis--that is, quantitative analysis of data coded to specific geographic locations--into one of the primary modes of environmental... 2013  
Rachel D. Guthrie MUDDYING THE WATERS: THE DOWNSTREAM IMPLICATIONS OF WAL-MART v. DUKES FOR MEDICAL MONITORING CLASS ACTIONS IN MISSOURI 7 Pittsburgh Journal of Environmental and Public Health Law 305 (Spring, 2013) In 2011, in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, the United States Supreme Court heightened scrutiny of class certification under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (FRCP) 23(a)(2)'s commonality requirement and imposed a strict injunctive standard for relief sought under FRCP Rule 23(b)(2). In 2007, the Missouri Supreme Court followed several other states... 2013  
David A. Dana ONE GREEN AMERICA: CONTINUITIES AND DISCONTINUITIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL FEDERALISM IN THE UNITED STATES 24 Fordham Environmental Law Review 103 (2012-2013) What should the role of the federal government, and federal law, be with respect to the environment? Should environmental law be an essentially federal domain, with the federal government setting the standards or at least minimum standards for environmental quality and natural resource protection? Should there be, in other words, a single Green... 2013  
Khin Mai Aung PITTING OUR YOUTH AGAINST EACH OTHER: MOVING SCHOOL HARASSMENT AND BULLYING POLICY FROM A ZERO TOLERANCE DISCIPLINE TO SAFE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT FRAMEWORK 3 UC Irvine Law Review 885 (December, 2013) Introduction. 885 I. State of the Law--School Harassment and Bullying Prevention Policies. 890 A. Federal Law. 890 1. Federal Antiharassment Laws. 890 2. Proposed Legislation--Safe School Improvement Act. 892 B. State and Local Laws and Policies on School Bullying and Harassment. 893 1. National Trends Across Jurisdictions. 893 2. Example--New York... 2013  
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