AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYear
Lawrence J. MacDonnell OUT-OF-PRIORITY WATER USE: ADDING FLEXIBILITY TO THE WATER APPROPRIATION SYSTEM 83 Nebraska Law Review 485 (2004) I. Introduction. 485 II. Legal Mechanisms for Out-of-Priority Water Use. 494 A. Voluntary Exchanges. 494 B. Involuntary Exchanges or Substitute Water Supplies. 502 C. Physical Solutions. 514 III. Issues in Review and Administration of Out-of-Priority Water Uses. 524 A. Overview of State Approaches. 524 B. Meeting the No-Injury Requirement. 529 1.... 2004
Kenneth R. Davis PRICE-FIXING: REFINING THE PRICE WATERHOUSE STANDARD AND INDIVIDUAL DISPARATE TREATMENT LAW 31 Florida State University Law Review 859 (Summer, 2004) I. Introduction. 859 II. Individual Disparate Treatment Law Before Costa. 863 A. The Rise and Fall of McDonnell Douglas. 863 B. Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins. 870 1. The Plurality Decision. 871 (a) Mixed-Motive Cases. 872 (b) Pretext Cases. 875 2. Evidence Sufficient to Support a Price Waterhouse Charge. 878 III. Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa: An... 2004
Edward L. Robinson REDEFINING JURISDICTIONAL LIMITS IN THE CLEAN WATER ACT: "TRIBUTARY" ACQUIRES NEW MEANING WITH HELP FROM CHEVRON AND SEMINOLE ROCK DEFERENCE [UNITED STATES V. DEATON, 332 F.3D 698 (4TH CIR. 2003)] 43 Washburn Law Journal 459 (Winter 2004) There is no limiting principle to a theory that bases federal [Clean Water Act] authority on the notion that water molecules might migrate downhill and eventually flow into rivers, streams, and oceans. When the Cuyahoga River in Ohio spontaneously caught fire in 1969, the federal government realized something was terribly wrong with America's... 2004
Caroline Smith DeWaal, J.D. RISING IMPORTS, BIOTERRORISM, AND THE FOOD SUPPLY 59 Food & Drug Law Journal 433 (2004) In November 2003, imported produce was implicated in one of the United States' most devastating outbreaks of foodborne illness. The outbreak was nearly as large as the 1993 Jack in the Box outbreak, and killed almost as many people. This time, instead of fast food hamburgers, green onions imported from Mexico were the cause of this fatal Hepatitis... 2004
Cassandra A. Giles SHAKING PRICE WATERHOUSE: SUGGESTIONS FOR A MORE WORKABLE APPROACH TO TITLE VIII MIXED MOTIVE DISPARATE TREATMENT DISCRIMINATION CLAIMS 37 Indiana Law Review 815 (2004) In 1968, Congress enacted Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 for the express purpose of providing fair housing and eliminating discrimination in housing on the basis of race, color, religion, and national origin. In applying Title VIII, courts often have looked to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for interpretation as mandated by... 2004
Michael J. Zimmer THE NEW DISCRIMINATION LAW: PRICE WATERHOUSE IS DEAD, WHITHER MCDONNELL DOUGLAS? 53 Emory Law Journal 1887 (Fall 2004) I met a traveller from an antique land Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand Half sunk, a shatter'd visage lies, whose frown And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamp'd on these lifeless things, The hand that mock'd them... 2004
David A. Super THE QUIET "WELFARE" REVOLUTION: RESURRECTING THE FOOD STAMP ROGRAM IN THE WAKE OF THE 1996 WELFARE LAW 79 New York University Law Review 1271 (October, 2004) Cash-assistance programs have long been a focus of both liberal and conservative efforts to make symbolic statements. In this regard, the 1996 dismantlement of federal entitlement to cash assistance was nothing new. Although the 1996 welfare law also made deep cuts to in-kind programs, such as food stamps, these programs had less symbolic... 2004
Alfreda Robinson TROUBLING "SETTLED" WATERS: THE OPPORTUNITY AND PERIL OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN REPARATIONS 24 Boston College Third World Law Journal 139 (Winter, 2004) This Article explores the theme of troubling settled waters, which represents the impact of African-American reparations on the current landscape of race relations in America. The Article outlines the current and historical debate over reparations, addressing the arguments of opponents who contend that reparations dialogue and action... 2004
Alfreda Robinson TROUBLING "SETTLED" WATERS: THE OPPORTUNITY AND PERIL OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN REPARATIONS 24 Boston College Third World Law Journal 139 (Winter, 2004) This Article explores the theme of troubling settled waters, which represents the impact of African-American reparations on the current landscape of race relations in America. The Article outlines the current and historical debate over reparations, addressing the arguments of opponents who contend that reparations dialogue and action... 2004
Jocelyn B. Garovoy "A BREATHTAKING ASSERTION OF POWER" ? 30 Ecology Law Quarterly 543 (2003) In Pronsolino v. Nastri, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a landmark district court decision interpreting Section 303 of the Clean Water Act to apply to nonpoint source pollution. The Pronsolino decision affirms EPA's authority to enforce Total Maximum Daily Loads(TMDLs) in waters polluted exclusively by nonpoint sources. While this... 2003
Gary E. Marchant, Andrew Askland GM FOODS: POTENTIAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION MECHANISMS 44 Jurimetrics Journal 99 (Fall, 2003) One direct mechanism for improving public confidence in genetically modified foods may be to provide a greater role for the public in making policy decisions about such products. There are compelling normative and practical reasons for involving the public in such decisions. Yet, effective and meaningful public participation is made... 2003
Devon Battersby RUNNING ON EMPTY . OR WATER OR GATORADE? SAFFERO v. ELITE RACTING 1 DePaul Journal of Sports Law & Contemporary Problems 97 (Spring, 2003) Millions of people participate successfully in marathons each year. The days are gone where only super fit, workout fanatics run marathons. While more accessible to the average person these days, a marathon is still a grueling 26.2 miles. So grueling, in fact, that the term marathon was coined by the ancient Greeks when a messenger ran this... 2003
Jonathan S. Goldman TAKE THAT TOBACCO SETTLEMENT AND SUPER-SIZE IT!: THE DEEP-FRYING OF THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY? 13 Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review 113 (Fall 2003) [S]ome of the tactics that are so effective against smoking could also be useful against obesity. . . . Fast-food companies could soon face similar suits for failing to disclose in commercials that some of their meals contain many times the recommended daily allowance of fat. Obesity is a public health epidemic that costs the U.S. economy more than... 2003
Robert A. Kearney THE HIGH PRICE OF PRICE WATERHOUSE: DEALING WITH DIRECT EVIDENCE OF DISCRIMINATION 5 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Labor and Employment Law 303 (Winter 2003) An employer swings by his sales agent's office to deliver his recent subpar sales figures. After dropping the agent's sales figures on the agent's desk, the boss shakes his head and utters, Just like a Dago. Later that day he fires the agent. The agent decides to sue. But what kind of a case will he have? It is undeniable that his sales were low,... 2003
Eyal Benvenisti WATER CONFLICTS DURING THE OCCUPATION OF IRAQ 97 American Journal of International Law 860 (October, 2003) The Security Council's recognition of the presence of American and British forces in Iraq as an occupation subject to the Hague Regulations of 1907 and the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 is a rare and significant event in the history of the troubled law on occupations. This rich body of law, developed during the late nineteenth and early... 2003
Joshua Harris A LASTING PROPOSAL FOR ENDANGERED BAY-DELTA FISH SURVIVAL: THE ENVIRONMENTAL WATER ACCOUNT AND THE ACCUMULATION OF WATER CONTRACT RIGHTS IN THE CENTRAL VALLEY PROJECT AND THE STATE WATER PROJECT 26-FALL Environs Environmental Law and Policy Journal 121 (Fall, 2002) In their operation of the Delta export pumps, the water agencies have routinely exceeded the take limits for winter-run salmon and Delta smelt ever since these fish were listed under the Endangered Species Act and the take limits were established. These unconscionable fish kills are threatening the very existence of these species, and are illegal.... 2002
Robert Haskell Abrams INTERSTATE WATER ALLOCATION: A CONTEMPORARY PRIMER FOR EASTERN STATES 25 University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review 155 (Fall 2002) Interstate water allocation law in the United States is roughly 100 years old at this point in history. To date, with a few notable exceptions, the states of the American West have made the law. This is to be expected because allocation becomes vital as a means of providing predictability and security of right under conditions of scarcity and... 2002
Andrew P. Morriss , Bruce Yandle , Roger E. Meiners THE FAILURE OF EPA'S WATER QUALITY REFORMS: FROM ENVIRONMENT-ENHANCING COMPETITION TO UNIFORMITY AND POLLUTER PROFITS 20 UCLA Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 25 (2001/2002) I. Evolving Federalism in Water Quality Regulation. 27 II. The Need for Federalism in Water Pollution Control. 34 III. EPA's Water Quality Initiative. 40 A. The New Regulations. 41 B. Implications of the New Rules. 45 1. Highly Specific National Controls Do Not Respect the Local Nature of Water Bodies and Conflict with the Goal of Congress. 47 2.... 2002
Tom I. Romero, II UNCERTAIN WATERS AND CONTESTED LANDS: EXCAVATING THE LAYERS OF COLORADO'S LEGAL PAST 73 University of Colorado Law Review 521 (Spring 2002) During one of his judicial tours throughout Colorado in the 1870s, Judge Moses Hallett, the John Marshall of the Colorado legal system, recognized that many of the same jurors who served in one location would re-appear for jury service in the next. When Judge Hallett asked the reason for this strange coincidence, the local sheriff responded: The... 2002
Andrew P. Morriss LESSONS FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN WATER LAW FOR EMERGING WATER MARKETS: COMMON LAW VS. CENTRAL PLANNING 80 Oregon Law Review 861 (Fall 2001) Population growth, particularly in the arid regions of the world, has pushed water resource questions to the forefront. Even conservative estimates of the world's population project that it will reach 8,043,000,000 by 2030, an increase of more than two billion people from 1998. Such an increase will result in greater demands on water resources, and... 2001
Chris Calfee SOME, FOR ALL, FOR EVER: DEFENDING THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF SOUTH AFRICA'S NATIONAL WATER ACT OF 1998 7 U.C. Davis Journal of International Law and Policy 57 (Winter, 2001) L1-4,T4INTRODUCTION 58 I. L2-4,T4BACKGROUND 61 A. L3-4,T4Development of South Africa's Water Law 62. 1. Public and Private Water. 65 2. Use of Public Water. 69 3. Constitution of 1996. 72 II. L2-4,T4THE NATIONAL WATER ACT 34 OF 1998 81 III. L2-4,T4ANALYSIS OF THE NWA 84 A. L3-4,T4The NWA Is Constitutional 87. 1. The Bill of Rights. 88 2. The... 2001
Professor Robyn Stein SOUTH AFRICA'S WATER AND DAM SAFETY LEGISLATION: A COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF THE WORLD COMMISSION ON DAMS' REPORT, DAMS AND DEVELOPMENT 16 American University International Law Review 1573 (2001) INTRODUCTION. 1574 I. THE NATIONAL WATER ACT: A RIGHTS-AND-RISK BASED APPROACH. 1576 II. EQUITY CONSIDERATIONS: FROM A PRIVATE TO A PUBLIC SYSTEM OF WATER USE ALLOCATIONS. 1581 III. EFFICIENCY: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE. 1583 IV. PARTICIPATORY DECISION-MAKING. 1584 V. SUSTAINABILITY--THE CONCEPT OF THE RESERVE:... 2001
Regina Austin "BAD FOR BUSINESS": CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS, RACE DISCRIMINATION, AND FAST FOOD 34 John Marshall Law Review 207 (Fall 2000) If race truly mattered, legal argument, writing, and scholarship would pay much more attention to context than it does today. Not being particularly interested in the material/social interactions and positioning of the parties that lead up to lawsuits or the material/social consequences of decisions after they are rendered, legal analysis as it is... 2000
G. Emlen Hall HISTORICAL AND PHYSICAL INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES IN BORDERLANDS WATER CONFLICTS: A COMMENTARY 40 Natural Resources Journal 865 (Fall, 2000) This commentary places in the context of boundaries a historical discussion of nineteenth century Native American/Hispanic conflict over water in southern California, a potential conflict between adjoining Mexican and U.S. municipalities along a shared international border, and a threatened Mexican wetland at the downstream end of a highly... 2000
Reginald Leamon Robinson RACE CONSCIOUSNESS: CAN THICK, LEGAL CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS ASSIST POOR, LOW-STATUS WORKERS OVERCOME DISCRIMINATORY HURDLES IN THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY? A REPLY TO REGINA AUSTIN 34 John Marshall Law Review 245 (Fall 2000) Racists are people who are afraid. [T]he general effect of the dominance-subjection relation is to destroy both parties, each by the other, and each in a specific manner. Though the corrosive suffering of the victim is wholly incommensurate with and overshadows the psychic deformation of the victimizer, one nevertheless does not transform oneself... 2000
A. Dan Tarlock RECONNECTING PROPERTY RIGHTS TO WATERSHEDS 25 William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review 69 (Autumn, 2000) This article examines the extent to which common law property rights use watershed resources to promote watershed conservation. The modest thesis of the article is that for over two centuries, land and water law has functioned to detach property rights from specific landscapes and, thus, has contributed to landscape degradation. There is a need to... 2000
Kate A. Berry WATER USE AND CULTURAL CONFLICT IN 19TH CENTURY NORTHWESTERN NEW SPAIN AND MEXICO 40 Natural Resources Journal 759 (Fall, 2000) This article contributes an historical geographic perspective to water conflicts in U.S.-Mexico borderlands during a period of time when friction between competing values and uses of water significantly influenced the context and nature of cultural interactions. The events and ideas surrounding water use that created cultural conflicts are examined... 2000
A. Dan Tarlock , Sarah B. Van de Wetering GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND WESTERN WATER LAW FROM URBAN OASES TO ARCHIPELAGOS 5 Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 163 (Winter, 1999) The West is in another boom cycle and all projections indicate that this unique region will continue to capture a substantial share of the country's population growth well into the next century. Western states grew by about 32 percent in the past twenty-five years, compared with 19 percent in the rest of the nation. From 1990 to 1995, ten of the... 1999
John Remington Graham , Pierre-Jean Morin HIGHLIGHTS IN NORTH AMERICAN LITIGATION DURING THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ON ARTIFICIAL FLUORIDATION OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 14 Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law 195 (Spring, 1999) I. Introduction. 195 II. The Nature of Police Power. 200 III. Natural Law Jurisprudence. 205 IV. Health Freedom. 210 V. The Key Decisions Sustaining Fluoridation. 214 VI. The Epidemiological Evidence. 218 VII. The Judicial Findings Condemning Fluoridation. 228 A. The Pittsburgh Case. 229 B. The Alton Case. 232 C. The Houston Case. 235 VIII. The... 1999
John F. Hart PROPERTY RIGHTS, COSTS, AND WELFARE: DELAWARE WATER MILL LEGISLATION, 1719-1859 27 Journal of Legal Studies 455 (June, 1998) Gristmills and other water-powered mills played a central part in American economic development and were a common subject of early legislation. This article studies Delaware's water mill legislation from 1719 to 1859, which has not featured in any of the previous historical literature. These laws fall into three categories. First, Delaware's mill... 1998
Larry W. George PUBLIC RIGHTS IN WEST VIRGINIA WATERCOURSES: A UNIQUE LEGACY OF VIRGINIA COMMON LANDS AND THE JUS PUBLICUM OF THE ENGLISH CROWN 101 West Virginia Law Review 407 (Winter, 1998) I. L2-3,T3introduction 409. II. L2-3,T3the Common Law 411. A. Historical Context: Land Policy and Non-tidal Navigation During the Colonial Period. 411 B. Non-tidal Watercourses Conveyed to Riparian Patentees and Grantees. 413 C. Sovereign Protection of Certain Public Uses as Jus Publicum. 415 III. L2-3,T3statutory Revisions in the Common Law 417.... 1998
Barbara A. Cosens THE 1997 WATER RIGHTS SETTLEMENT BETWEEN THE STATE OF MONTANA AND THE CHIPPEWA CREE TRIBE OF THE ROCKY BOY'S RESERVATION: THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY AND OF THE TRUSTEE 16 UCLA Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 255 (1997-1998) Established on September 7, 1916 for Rocky Boy's Band of Chippewas and . . . other homeless Indians, the Rocky Boy's Reservation is home to over 3,000 Tribal members. The Reservation's annual population growth rate is in excess of three percent. The Reservation has an estimated seventy percent unemployment. Forty-nine percent of the population... 1998
Brenda D. Diluigi THE NOTARI ALTERNATIVE: A BETTER APPROACH TO THE SQUARE-PEG-ROUND-HOLE PROBLEM FOUND IN REVERSE DISCRIMINATION CASES 64 Brooklyn Law Review 353 (Spring 1998) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) prohibits discrimination against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Title VII creates a comprehensive scheme, defining unfair employment practices and... 1998
Anthony Paul Kearns, III THE RIGHT TO FOOD EXISTS VIA CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 22 Suffolk Transnational Law Review 223 (Winter, 1998) For the first time in history, international agricultural output exceeds the amount of food necessary to feed the entire world. Despite this monumental milestone, over twenty-four people will die, either directly or indirectly from hunger in the time it takes the average reader to read this introduction. Chronic hunger has many victims. It afflicts... 1998
Victor B. Flatt A DIRTY RIVER RUNS THROUGH IT (THE FAILURE OF ENFORCEMENT IN THE CLEAN WATER ACT) 25 Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 1 (Fall, 1997) On March 15, 1996, the Atlanta Bar Association's Section on Environmental Law hosted a presentation concerning the City of Atlanta's continuing non-compliance with the terms of its NPDES permit related to municipal sewage treatment discharges. This ongoing problem recently had come to the forefront of local news stories, and the meeting was heavily... 1997
Kaylee Ann Newell FEDERAL WATER PROJECTS, NATIVE AMERICANS AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: THE BUREAU OF RECLAMATION'S HISTORY OF DISCRIMINATION 20-JUN Environs Environmental Law and Policy Journal 40 (June, 1997) No matter what color you are, you get thirsty. Cecil Williams, Papago Tribal Chairman, 1979 The history of the United States is littered with examples of poor treatment of indigenous populations. From the time of white settlement of this country, Native Americans have been looked upon as a savage, uncivilized people. This view of Native Americans... 1997
Amy E. Fortenberry MOVING VIOLATIONS: VIOLATIONS OF THE CLEAN WATER ACT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CERCLA'S FEDERALLY PERMITTED RELEASE EXCEPTION 24 Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 821 (Summer, 1997) Operation of the canon expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the inclusion of one is the exclusion of the other) indicates that if a permit allows the discharge of pollutants A, B, and C, then the discharge by the same point source of pollutant D is a violation of the permit conditions. Recently, however, defendants with National Pollutant... 1997
Elizabeth Ann Ho-oipo Kala'ena'auao Pa Martin, David Lynn Martin, David Campbell Penn, and Joyce E. McCarty CULTURES IN CONFLICT IN HAWAI'I: THE LAW AND POLITICS OF NATIVE HAWAIIAN WATER RIGHTS 18 University of Hawaii Law Review 71 (Winter/Spring, 1996) I. L2-4,T4A Critical Juncture in Hawaiian Water Rights 72 II. L2-4,T4Historical Background 83 A. L3-4,T4Traditional and Customary Beliefs, Values and Practices 83. B. L3-4,T4Colonization 90. C. L3-4,T4Development of Common Law 97. III. L2-4,T4The Hawaii Water Code 105 A. L3-4,T4Enacting the Code 105. B. L3-4,T4Designation of Ground Water Management... 1996
Sylvia F. Liu AMERICAN INDIAN RESERVED WATER RIGHTS: THE FEDERAL OBLIGATION TO PROTECT TRIBAL WATER RESOURCES AND TRIBAL AUTONOMY 25 Environmental Law 425 (Spring, 1995) In the arid American West, the American Indian reserved water rights doctrine has been a source of conflict between tribal water users and state law appropriators. This Comment explores current disputes over the controversial practicably irrigable acreage (PIA) standard used to quantify the water right, including disputes over whether... 1995
E. Jane Ellis INTERNATIONAL LAW AND OILY WATERS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS 6 Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 31 (Winter, 1995) . . . the OCEAN, that expanse of water which antiquity describes as the immense. the infinite, bounded only by the heavens, parent of all things; the ocean which the ancients believed was perpetually supplied with water not only by fountains, rivers, and seas, but by the clouds, and by the very stars of heaven themselves; the ocean which, although... 1995
Linda L. Ammons MULES , MADONNAS, BABIES, BATH WATER, RACIAL IMAGERY AND STEREOTYPES: THE AFRICAN -AMERICAN WOMAN AND THE BATTERED WOMAN SYNDROME 1995 Wisconsin Law Review 1003 (1995) Introduction. 1004 I. Battered Woman Syndrome and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. 1008 A. Plight of Battered Black Women. 1017 II. The African Woman in America. 1030 A. Paternalism, Pedestals and Presumptions: No Mirror Images for African-American Women. 1034 III. Stereotypes: The Impact of Historical Cultural Representations. 1045 IV. Stereotypes... 1995
Michael A. Zubrensky DESPITE THE SMOKE, THERE IS NO GUN: DIRECT EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS IN MIXED-MOTIVES EMPLOYMENT LAW AFTER PRICE WATERHOUSE v. HOPKINS 46 Stanford Law Review 959 (April, 1994) Plaintiffs in mixed-motives employment discrimination suits often face the daunting task of producing direct evidence of the defendant's improper motive, despite the fact that discrimination may be subtle or covert. Charting the emergence of mixed-motives liability, Michael Zubrensky argues that courts requiring such smoking gun evidence are... 1994
Vernice D. Miller PLANNING, POWER AND POLITICS: A CASE STUDY OF THE LAND USE AND SITING HISTORY OF THE NORTH RIVER WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANT 21 Fordham Urban Law Journal 707 (Spring 1994) During the past fifteen years, much research and public attention has been devoted to environmental racism -- targeting communities of color for the siting and placement of environmentally undesirable facilities and substances primarily because of the racial composition of these communities. This Essay discusses one example of environmental racism... 1994
Melissa A. Essary THE DISMANTLING OF MCDONNELL DOUGLAS v. GREEN: THE HIGH COURT MUDDIES THE EVIDENTIARY WATERS IN CIRCUMSTANTIAL DISCRIMINATION CASES 21 Pepperdine Law Review 385 (1994) The broad, overriding interest, shared by employer, employee, and consumer, is efficient and trustworthy workmanship assured through fair and racially neutral employment and personnel decisions. In the implementation of such decisions, it is abundantly clear that Title VII tolerates no racial discrimination, subtle or otherwise. Twenty years have... 1994
Nola Zevnick, Ronni Davis PRICE WATERHOUSE REVISITED: WILL THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1991 CURE THE DEFECTS 15 Women's Rights Law Reporter 87 (Fall 1993) The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the culmination of years of struggle to bring racial equality to this country. As enacted, Title VII of the Act prohibited employment discrimination not only on the basis of race, but also on the basis of color, religion, national origin or sex. Its purpose was to eliminate the subordination of... 1993
Jerome McCristal Culp, Jr. WATER BUFFALO AND DIVERSITY: NAMING NAMES AND RECLAIMING THE RACIAL DISCOURSE 26 Connecticut Law Review 209 (Fall, 1993) Clarence Thomas, second African-American appointed to the United States Supreme Court, to a largely white audience at Mercer Law School: When I left Georgia over 25 years ago, the familiar sources of unkind treatment and incivility were the bigots. Today, ironically, a new brand of stereotypes and ad hominem assaults are surfacing across the... 1993
Monique C. Shay PROMISES OF A VIABLE HOMELAND, REALITY OF SELECTIVE RECLAMATION: A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WINTERS DOCTRINE AND FEDERAL WATER DEVELOPMENT IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES 19 Ecology Law Quarterly 547 (1992) C1-3CONTENTS L1-2Introduction 548 I. Settlement of the West and Non-Indian Water Development. 549 A. Free Land for Farmers - The Homestead Acts. 549 B. Reclamation - Where There's a Will, There's Federal Financing. 550 C. State Water Law - Prior Appropriation. 552 II. Water for the Reservations. 555 A. Assimilation Through Allotment. 555 B.... 1992
Thomas W. Clayton THE POLICY CHOICES TRIBES FACE WHEN DECIDING WHETHER TO ENACT A WATER CODE 17 American Indian Law Review 523 (1992) For many tribes in the West, water rights represent the one resource, not taken away, that can aid them in economic and social development. At the same time, unquantified Indian reserved rights create a cloud of uncertainty over the rights of water users under state law, and threaten the states' ability to oversee further development of their... 1992
Charles A. Sullivan ACCOUNTING FOR PRICE WATERHOUSE: PROVING DISPARATE TREATMENT UNDER TITLE VII 56 Brooklyn Law Review 1107 (Winter, 1991) No one does anything from a single motive. Samuel Taylor Coleridge Sometimes they acted . in the muddle of motives which is familiar to us all. David Howarth From the perspective of the civil rights community, the Supreme Court Term which ended in July of 1989 was a tragedy. The Court undertook a sweepingly revisionist interpretation of Title VII... 1991
Darlene D. Bullock THE ORDER AND ALLOCATION OF PROOF IN MIXED-MOTIVE DISCRIMINATION casES: PRice waterhouse v. hopkins 2 George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal 117 (Summer, 1991) Title VII cases have inundated the federal court system since the Civil Rights Act was enacted in 1964. For nearly three decades the Supreme Court has struggled to develop a framework for the proper order and allocation of proof in a Title VII discrimination case. The critical burden of proof determination becomes more complex where a defendant... 1991
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