| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Ethnicity in Title or Summary | Gender in Title or Summary |
| Dr. Lucius Couloute , Kacie Snyder |
HOUSING INSECURITY AMONG PEOPLE WITH CRIMINAL RECORDS: A FOCUS ON LANDLORDS |
32-SUM Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 21 (Summer, 2023) |
Approximately 600,000 people are released from prisons each year and at least 79 million adults--over one third of the population--now hold some form of a criminal record. Upon formal criminalization, a combination of socioeconomic barriers compound to inhibit one's chances at successfully (re)integrating into society. In particular,... |
2023 |
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| Reva B. Siegel |
HOW "HISTORY AND TRADITION" PERPETUATES INEQUALITY: DOBBS ON ABORTION'S NINETEENTH-CENTURY CRIMINALIZATION |
60 Houston Law Review 901 (Symposium 2023) |
In this Commentary, I show how the tradition-entrenching methods the Court employed to decide New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass'n, Inc. v. Bruen and Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization intensify the gender biases of a constitutional order that for the majority of its existence denied women a voice in lawmaking and restricted women's roles.... |
2023 |
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| Kiricka Yarbough Smith, Maura Reinbrecht |
HOW ANTI-SEX TRAFFICKING EFFORTS SHOULD ALIGN WITH CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM |
38 Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice 158 (2023) |
Current law enforcement practices--including efforts to address sex trafficking--disproportionately harm Black people. This Article proposes that front-end criminal justice reforms to reduce the criminalization of poverty, reform racially biased police practices, and increase police accountability could mitigate the disparate impact that policing... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
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| Courtney G. Joslin , Douglas NeJaime |
HOW PARENTHOOD FUNCTIONS |
123 Columbia Law Review 319 (March, 2023) |
Approximately two-thirds of states have functional parent doctrines, which enable courts to extend parental rights based on the conduct of forming a parental relationship with a child. Different jurisdictions use different names--including de facto parentage, in loco parentis, psychological parenthood, or presumed parentage--and the doctrines arise... |
2023 |
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| Nina Farnia |
IMPERIALISM AND BLACK DISSENT |
75 Stanford Law Review 397 (February, 2023) |
Abstract. As U.S. imperialism expanded during the twentieth century, the modern national security state came into being and became a major force in the suppression of Black dissent. This Article reexamines the modern history of civil liberties law and policy and contends that Black Americans have historically had uneven access to the right to... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
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| Robyn M. Powell |
INCLUDING DISABLED PEOPLE IN THE BATTLE TO PROTECT ABORTION RIGHTS: A CALL-TO-ACTION |
70 UCLA Law Review 774 (September, 2023) |
The battle to protect abortion rights in the United States has not been this fierce in fifty years. From the U.S. Supreme Court's recent Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision to a precipitously growing number of states passing draconian laws that drastically limit--and in some states, entirely ban--access to safe and legal abortion... |
2023 |
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| Anna Maria Sicenica |
INCREASING REPRESENTATION: EXPANDING INTERSECTIONAL CLAIMS IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION |
61 Duquesne Law Review 341 (Summer, 2023) |
The way we imagine discrimination or disempowerment often is more complicated for people who are subjected to multiple forms of exclusion. The good news is that intersectionality provides us a way to see it. - Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw The trend of globalization has only continued to bring workers from different races, religions, and countries... |
2023 |
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| Kasey Barnes |
INDIANA'S EFFORTS TO REDUCE MATERNAL MORTALITY: NECESSARY, BUT INSUFFICIENT |
20 Indiana Health Law Review 357 (2023) |
Nearly one-hundred women in Indiana die from a pregnancy-related complication each year. Courtney Reimlinger, a twenty-three-year-old Indianapolis native was nearly one of them. One week after delivering her son, she experienced excruciating chest pain that spread to her head and neck and resulted in periods of unconsciousness. Courtney was rushed... |
2023 |
American Indian/Alaskan Native |
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| Elizabeth Tobin-Tyler |
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE, FIREARM INJURIES AND HOMICIDES: A HEALTH JUSTICE APPROACH TO TWO INTERSECTING PUBLIC HEALTH CRISES |
51 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 64 (Spring, 2023) |
Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence, Firearm Violence, Domestic Violence Laws, Public Health, Health Justice. Abstract: More than half of all intimate partner homicides involve a firearm and firearms are frequently used by perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) to injure and threaten victims and survivors. Recent court decisions undermine... |
2023 |
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| Sandeep Singh Dhaliwal |
INVESTING IN ABOLITION |
112 Georgetown Law Journal 1 (October, 2023) |
This Article situates the prison within a broader macro-financial trend, what I call community capture. As private equity firms have consolidated the market for carceral services, they have also gained control over other essential social infrastructure, like housing and healthcare. By layering debt, fees, and aggressive profit expectations over... |
2023 |
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| Michael L. Zuckerman |
IRRATIONAL COLLATERAL SANCTIONS |
20 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 87 (Fall, 2023) |
In the modern era, a criminal sentence is rarely truly over just because someone has served their time. Instead, both legal and social barriers continue to haunt most people who have been convicted of crimes for years. These barriers often persist long past the point of making good sense. While social barriers like stigma are not always easy for... |
2023 |
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| Jelani Jefferson Exum, Dean and Philip J. McElroy, Professor of Law, University of Detroit Mercy School of Law |
JUDGE FRANKEL'S FIFTY-YEAR-OLD INVITATION TO RECONSTRUCT SENTENCING |
2023 Federal Sentencing Reporter 4423988 (4/1/2023) |
America was a different place at the time Judge Marvin Frankel penned his now-famous text Criminal Sentences: Law without Order in 1973. Richard Nixon was the U.S. president. The Vietnam War was ending. The Watergate scandal was unfolding. There was much to grab the public's attention, and criminal sentencing was not a national or international... |
2023 |
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| Charles Gardner Geyh |
JUDICIAL ETHICS AND IDENTITY |
36 Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics 233 (Spring, 2023) |
This Article seeks to untangle a cluster of controversies and conundrums at the epicenter of the judiciary's role in American government, where a judge's identity as a person and role as a judge intersect. Part I synthesizes the traditional ethics schema, which proceeds from the premise that good judges decide cases on the basis of facts and law,... |
2023 |
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| Benita Miller |
KEEPING THE FAITH: FORTIFYING TITLE IX PROTECTIONS POST-ROE FOR BLACK GIRLS |
56 Creighton Law Review 359 (June, 2023) |
My spirit is too ancient to understand the separation of soul & gender. Pregnant and parenting teens have a right to stay in school to complete their education. Embedded in the federal Title IX Education Amendments is the guarantee that discrimination based on pregnant and parenting status is prohibited if a school is receiving public funds. Title... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
| Maeve Glass |
KILLING PRECEDENT: THE SLAUGHTER-HOUSE CONSTITUTION |
123 Columbia Law Review 1135 (May, 2023) |
This Essay offers a revisionist account of the Slaughter-House Cases. It argues that the opinion's primary significance lies not in its gutting of the Privileges or Immunities Clause but in its omission of a people's archive of slavery. Decades before the decision, Black abolitionists began compiling the testimonies of refugees who had fled... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
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| Ed Morales |
LATINX: RESERVING THE RIGHT TO THE POWER OF NAMING |
39 Chicana/o-Latina/o Law Review 209 (2023) |
The label Latinx was originally conceived of by activists and academics to be inclusive of non-binary and LGBTQIA people, but when it came into wider use in the mid-2010s, it generated pushback from both conservatives and moderates. Recently there have been attempts to ban the term by a governor and a state legislature, with even Democratic Arizona... |
2023 |
Hispanic/Latinx American |
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| Jessica M. Williams |
LOOKING A CERTAIN WAY: HOW DEFUNCT SUBJECTIVE STANDARDS OF MEDIA REGULATION CONTINUE TO AFFECT BLACK WOMEN |
111 California Law Review 247 (February, 2023) |
Regulatory enforcement is only as good as the standards to be enforced. I argue here that subjective standards formerly in place at the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) and the United States Patent & Trademark Office (PTO) were imbued with the White-centric beliefs of its designers and enforcers. Drawing on critical race... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
| Dolores S. Atencio |
LUMINARIAS: AN EMPIRICAL PORTRAIT OF THE FIRST GENERATION OF LATINA LAWYERS 1880-1980 |
39 Chicana/o-Latina/o Law Review 1 (2023) |
C1-2Table of Contents Prologue. 3 Introduction. 9 I. The Luminarias Study. 13 A. Methodology. 13 B. Who is Latina? The Complex Nature of Self-Identification Inside and Outside the Latino Community. 16 C. Ethical Considerations in Categorizing Luminarias as Latinas. 22 1. Rosalind Goodrich Bates, LL.B 1926 Southwestern Law-Los Angeles, Admitted... |
2023 |
Hispanic/Latinx American |
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| Adam Crepelle |
MAKING RED LIVES MATTER: PUBLIC CHOICE THEORY AND INDIAN COUNTRY CRIME |
27 Lewis & Clark Law Review 769 (2023) |
American Indians are victims of violence at higher rates than members of any other racial group. Nevertheless, Indian victims receive little media attention. Aside from the prevalence of violence against Indians, the violence is unique because of the rules governing Indian country law enforcement. Tribes, absent compliance with federally mandated... |
2023 |
American Indian/Alaskan Native |
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| Laura T. Kessler |
MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE: EARLY PREGNANCY LOSS AND THE LIMITS OF U.S. EMPLOYMENT LAW |
108 Cornell Law Review 543 (March, 2023) |
This Article explores judicial responses to miscarriage under federal employment law in the United States. Miscarriage is a common experience. Of confirmed pregnancies, about 15% will end in miscarriage; almost half of all women who have given birth have suffered a miscarriage. Yet, this experience slips through the cracks of every major federal... |
2023 |
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| Brooklynn K. Hitchens , Jeaneé C. Miller , Yasser Arafat Payne , Ivan Y. Sun , Isabella Castillo |
MORE THAN RACE? INTRAGROUP DIFFERENCES BY GENDER AND AGE IN PERCEPTIONS OF POLICE AMONG STREET-IDENTIFIED BLACK MEN AND WOMEN |
47 Law and Human Behavior 634 (December, 2023) |
Objective: Whereas studies have documented racial differences in attitudes toward police between White and Black Americans, relatively little is known about the intragroup, gender-based variations among urban Black residents involved in criminal activity (i.e., street-identified men and women). Hypotheses: We hypothesized Black women would be more... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
| Melissa Murray |
MOTHERS IN LAW |
121 Michigan Law Review 909 (April, 2023) |
Civil Rights Queen: Constance Baker Motley and the Struggle for Equality. by Tomiko Brown-Nagin. New York: Pantheon. 2022. Pp. 2, 497. Cloth, $30; paper, $19. On February 25, 2022, President Biden nominated Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson, from the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, to the Supreme Court. From the... |
2023 |
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| Shayak Sarkar |
NEED-BASED EMPLOYMENT |
64 Boston College Law Review 119 (January, 2023) |
Introduction. 120 I. Productivity and Beyond. 127 II. Need-Based Employment in Practice. 131 A. Historical Precedent: Need Through the New Deal's Work Programs. 131 1. Need-Based Employment Before the New Deal. 131 2. Need and the New Deal's Pre-WPA Work Programs. 133 3. Need and the WPA. 135 B. Contemporary Need-Based Employment. 138 1. Federal... |
2023 |
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| Kathryn E. Miller |
NO SENSE OF DECENCY |
98 Washington Law Review 115 (March, 2023) |
Abstract: For nearly seventy years, the Court has assessed Eighth Amendment claims by evaluating the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society. In this Article, I examine the evolving standards of decency test, which has long been a punching bag for critics on both the right and the left. Criticism of the doctrine... |
2023 |
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| Aliza Hochman Bloom |
OBJECTIVE ENOUGH: RACE IS RELEVANT TO THE REASONABLE PERSON IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE |
19 Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties 1 (April, 2023) |
There is overwhelming evidence that an individual's race affects how police treat them during a police encounter, and that Black Americans have substantial cause to worry about the consequences of ignoring or walking away from law enforcement. Accordingly, when courts determine whether a reasonable person feels free to decline, leave, or end an... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
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| Jennifer C. Nash |
ON MARCHING KARENS AND METAPHORICAL BLACK WOMEN |
34 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 40 (2023) |
In 2021, the New York Times published March of the Karens, an article that described a figure who symbolizes all that is wrong with contemporary feminism: Karen. Ligaya Mishan describes Karen as an interfering, hectoring white woman, the self-appointed hall monitor unloosed on the world, so assured of her status in society that she doesn't... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
| Jamelia Morgan |
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RACE AND DISABILITY |
58 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 663 (Summer, 2023) |
For decades, legal scholars have examined the similarities between race and disability, and in particular, the similarities between the forms of social subordination, marginalization, and exclusion experienced by either racial minorities or people with disabilities. This Article builds on this existing scholarship to articulate and defend an... |
2023 |
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| Ruth Colker |
OVERMEDICALIZATION? |
46 Harvard Journal of Law & Gender 205 (Summer, 2023) |
As we face a state-sanctioned assault on the lives of so many disadvantaged members of our community, we need to better understand the arguments that are used to harm them. The disability justice movement has emphasized how entities can use specious overmedicalization arguments to further these harms. The term overmedicalization refers to the... |
2023 |
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| Rona Kaufman |
PATRIARCHAL VIOLENCE |
71 Buffalo Law Review 509 (May, 2023) |
For over a century, feminist theorists and activists have sought equality for women. They have aimed their efforts at the many distinct and related causes of women's inequality, among them gendered violence, sexual violence, domestic violence, and violence against women. Recognizing the need to understand problems in order to solve them, feminist... |
2023 |
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| Darin E. W. Johnson , Catherine Powell |
PAULI MURRAY: HUMAN RIGHTS VISIONARY AND TRAILBLAZER |
117 AJIL Unbound 37 (2023) |
While other scholars have discussed Dr. Pauli Murray's remarkable contributions to race and sex equality law, few, if any, have placed her contributions within the context of the broader tradition of human rights law. And yet, she identified herself specifically through this lens, using the terminology and law of human rights, in part shaped by her... |
2023 |
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| Bridget J. Crawford |
PINK TAX AND OTHER TROPES |
34 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 88 (2023) |
Abstract: Law reform advocates should be strategic in deploying tax tropes. This Article examines five common tax phrases--the nanny tax, death tax, soda tax, Black tax, and pink tax--and demonstrates that tax rhetoric is more likely to influence law when used to describe specific economic injustices resulting from actual government... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
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| Carrie Leonetti |
PINKERTON GUARDS AND DEBTORS' PRISONS: THE HISTORICAL PRECURSORS TO THE MODERN PRACTICE OF RESTITUTION EXPLOITATION |
58 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 273 (Winter, 2023) |
This Article explores the use of criminal courts and prosecutors' offices to criminalize civil debt disputes and the relationship between the current criminalization regime and the historical use of debtors' prisons to punish individuals from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds and control Black Americans. It documents the rise of civil... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
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| Maritza I. Reyes |
PLANNING, EXECUTING, AND DOCUMENTING THE 2022 INAUGURAL GRACIELA OLIVÁREZ LATINAS IN THE LEGAL ACADEMY ("GO LILA") WORKSHOP - A CHAIR'S ACCOUNT AND INTRODUCTION |
26 Harvard Latin American Law Review 123 (Spring, 2023) |
Graciela Olivárez became the first Latina law professor in 1972, thirty-two years after the first Latina was admitted to a state bar in the United States. Fifty years after Graciela Olivárez became a law professor, a group of Latina law professors gathered for the 2022 Inaugural Graciela Olivárez Latinas in the Legal Academy (GO LILA) Workshop.... |
2023 |
Hispanic/Latinx American |
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| Ndjuoh MehChu |
POLICING AS ASSAULT |
111 California Law Review 865 (June, 2023) |
From ending qualified immunity, to establishing community control over policing, to eradicating the institution of policing altogether, proposals to remedy the issue of police violence are on everyone's lips. But, in the deep reservoir of proposals, the meaning of police violence has received relatively little attention. How should we think... |
2023 |
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| Clare Huntington |
PRAGMATIC FAMILY LAW |
136 Harvard Law Review 1501 (April, 2023) |
C1-2CONTENTS Introduction. 1503 I. The Puzzle of Contemporary Family Law.. 1512 A. Family Law as a Locus of Contestation. 1512 1. Sites of Division. 1512 2. Driving Forces. 1516 3. Risks to Children and Families. 1521 B. Patterns in Family Law that Defy Polarization. 1523 1. Convergence. 1524 2. Depolarization. 1527 3. Nonpartisan Pluralism. 1534... |
2023 |
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| Ilse Turner |
PRAYING FOR A HEALTHY BIRTH, BLACK MOTHERS FIGHTING RACISM EVEN IN THE DELIVERY ROOM |
19 Journal of Health & Biomedical Law 175 (2023) |
Having a baby is one of the most anxiety-inducing experiences in a woman's life. The days leading up to birth are often filled with thoughts such as: will my baby be healthy? Will the doctor be on time? What if I need to have an emergency c-section? Black women, however, face an additional worrying question, will I receive adequate medical care? On... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
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| Elizabeth Kukura |
PREGNANCY RISK AND COERCED INTERVENTIONS AFTER DOBBS |
76 SMU Law Review 105 (Winter, 2023) |
Only nine months after the Supreme Court eliminated the federal constitutional right to abortion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, fourteen states had banned abortion entirely, and experts estimate the ultimate number of states imposing complete or near-complete restrictions on abortion care will likely rise to twenty-four. Millions... |
2023 |
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| Nancy S. Marder |
RACE, PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES, AND STATE COURTS: A BLUEPRINT FOR CHANGE |
98 Chicago-Kent Law Review 65 (2023) |
Peremptory challenges based on race continue to keep some prospective jurors from serving on juries, but several states, including Washington, California, and Arizona, have taken action and are now trying to address this problem. They grew frustrated with the U.S. Supreme Court's test in Batson v. Kentucky, which was an attempt to preserve the... |
2023 |
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| Osagie K. Obasogie , Peyton Provenzano |
RACE, RACISM, AND POLICE USE OF FORCE IN 21ST CENTURY CRIMINOLOGY: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION |
69 UCLA Law Review 1206 (January, 2023) |
Race scholars have voiced concerns about the field of c riminology and how it examines issues pertaining to race, racism, and racial difference. Various critiques have been made, from the field's overly positivist approach that privileges white logics that obscure the nuance of race relations to methodological critiques on how the field... |
2023 |
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| Yuvraj Joshi |
RACIAL EQUALITY COMPROMISES |
111 California Law Review 529 (April, 2023) |
Can political compromise harm democracy? Black advocates have answered this question for centuries, even as most academics have ignored their wisdom about the perils of compromise. This Article argues that America's racial equality compromises have systematically restricted the rights of Black people and have generated inequality and distrust,... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
|
| Jennifer S. Hunt , Stephane M. Shepherd |
RACIAL JUSTICE IN PSYCHOLEGAL RESEARCH AND FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY PRACTICE: CURRENT ADVANCES AND A FRAMEWORK FOR FUTURE PROGRESS |
47 Law and Human Behavior 1 (February, 2023) |
Police killings of Black civilians have brought unprecedented attention to racial and ethnic discrimination in the criminal justice and legal systems. However, these topics have been underexamined in the field of law--psychology, both in research and forensic--clinical practice. We discuss how a racial justice framework can provide guidance for... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
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| Jessica Dixon Weaver |
RACIAL MYOPIA IN [FAMILY] LAW |
132 Yale Law Journal Forum 1086 (4/30/2023) |
ABSTRACT. Racial Myopia in [Family] Law presents a critique of Family Law for the One-Hundred-Year Life, an Article that claims that age myopia within family law fails older adults and prevents them from creating legal bonds with other adults outside the traditional marital model. This Response posits that racial myopia is a common yet complex... |
2023 |
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| Nantiya Ruan |
RACIAL PAY EQUITY IN "WHITE" COLLAR WORKPLACES |
88 Brooklyn Law Review 519 (Winter, 2023) |
The racial wealth gap in America is wide and persistent. Long-standing and substantial wealth disparities between households in different racial and ethnic groups are simply staggering. In 2019, the typical White Family ha[d] eight times the wealth of the typical Black family and five times the wealth of the typical Hispanic family. Tellingly,... |
2023 |
Multiple Groups |
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| Yuvraj Joshi |
RACIAL TIME |
90 University of Chicago Law Review 1625 (October, 2023) |
Racial time describes how inequality shapes people's experiences and perceptions of time. This Article reviews the multidisciplinary literature on racial time and then demonstrates how Black activists have made claims about time that challenge prevailing norms. While white majorities often view racial justice measures as both too late and too soon,... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
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| Alisha Desai, Ryan Holliday, Lauren M. Borges, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs |
RACIAL, ETHNIC, AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS, MENTAL HEALTH SEQUELAE, AND VHA SERVICE UTILIZATION AMONG JUSTICE-INVOLVED VETERANS |
47 Law and Human Behavior 260 (February, 2023) |
Objective: Intervening in the cycle of symptom exacerbation and recidivism among justice-involved veterans is critical given elevated rates of psychiatric diagnoses and mental health sequelae. To responsively and effectively address justice-involved veterans' needs, it is essential to examine distinct groups who are at heightened risk (e.g.,... |
2023 |
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| Nancy E. Dowd |
REAL CHOICE: ABORTION RIGHTS RECONSTRUCTION |
53 Seton Hall Law Review 1641 (6/12/2023) |
Beginning in 1965 with the revolutionary era of the emergence of widespread access to birth control and abortion, coupled with social acceptance of non-marital sex and parenthood, American women and men experienced a radical change in the scope of their personal freedom. Whether that freedom was actual rather than theoretical varied by class and... |
2023 |
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| Yucheng (Renee) Jiang |
REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION AND DISPARATE IMPACT: CLEAN SHAVE POLICY DISCRIMINATION IN TODAY'S WORKPLACE |
51 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 185 (Spring, 2023) |
Keywords: Grooming Policy Discrimination, Hair Discrimination, Clean Shave Policy, Racial Discrimination, Disability Discrimination Abstract: This article examines Bey v. City of New York--a recent Second Circuit case where four Black firefights suffering from Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (a skin condition causing irritation when shaving which mostly... |
2023 |
African/Black American |
|
| Athena D. Mutua |
REFLECTIONS ON CRITICAL RACE THEORY IN A TIME OF BACKLASH |
100 Denver Law Review 553 (Spring, 2023) |
Reviewing my article on critical race theory (CRT), written over fifteen years ago, this Article revisits CRT and its fortunes in this moment of backlash. CRT has become a principal target for erasure in a raging political campaign that seeks to suppress discussions about racial and gender justice. It does so, in part, by using law to compel the... |
2023 |
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| Benjamin M. Gerzik |
REFORGING THE MASTER'S TOOLS: CRITICAL RACE THEORY IN THE FIRST-YEAR CURRICULUM |
76 SMU Law Review Forum 34 (May, 2023) |
This Article examines why and how critical race theory (CRT) should be taught as a mandatory component of the first-year law school curriculum. Learning the fundamentals of critical race theory is not only important to empathetically understand and serve those around you, but necessary to understand the law as it is. The law's past and future... |
2023 |
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| Beth Caldwell |
REIFYING INJUSTICE: USING CULTURALLY SPECIFIC TATTOOS AS A MARKER OF GANG MEMBERSHIP |
98 Washington Law Review 787 (October, 2023) |
Abstract: The gang label has been so highly racialized that white people who self-identify as gang members are almost never categorized as gang members by law enforcement, while Black and Latino people who are not gang members are routinely labeled and targeted as if they were. Different rules attach to people under criminal law once they are... |
2023 |
Multiple Groups |
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