| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Ethnicity in Title or Summary | Gender in Title or Summary |
| Terry S. Kogan |
Transsexuals and Critical Gender Theory: the Possibility of a Restroom Labeled "Other" |
48 Hastings Law Journal 1223 (August, 1997) |
The voices of transsexuals have been ignored in our country and, accordingly, few social and legal institutions have developed to support the unique needs of this minority. Yet one group of feminist theorists who might be expected to ally with transsexuals in their struggle for recognitionscholars I will refer to as critical gender theorists...; Search Snippet: ...Of Race, Ethnicity, Class, Gender & Sexual Orientation Transsexuals and Critical Gender Theory: the Possibility of a Restroom Labeled Other Terry S... |
1997 |
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Trapped in Domestic Violence: the Impact of United States Immigration Laws on Battered Immigrant Women |
6 Boston University Public Interest Law Journal 589 (Winter 1997) |
The devastating effects of domestic violence affect our entire society indiscriminately. Domestic violence is blind to distinctions based on class, race, ethnic, religious, and economic lines. However, the consequences are particularly overwhelming when the victim of abuse is an immigrant woman with conditional resident status. In addition to the...; Search Snippet: ...The Impact of United States Immigration Laws on Battered Immigrant Women Copyright (C) 1997 Trustees of Boston University I. Introduction The... |
1997 |
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Yes |
| Elizabeth A. Douglas |
United States V. Virginia: Gender Scrutiny under an "Exceedingly Persuasive Justification" Standard |
26 Capital University Law Review 173 (1997) |
It was more than a century after the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified before the United States Supreme Court, in Reed v. Reed, first recognized that a state's gender-based classifications require some form of heightened scrutiny to comport with the Equal Protection Clause. Shortly after Reed, the Court announced that such classifications must...; Search Snippet: ...Capital University Law Review 1997 Note United States V. Virginia: Gender Scrutiny under an Exceedingly Persuasive Justification Standard Elizabeth A. Douglas... |
1997 |
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| Cathy C. Cardillo |
Violence Against Chinese Women: Defining the Cultural Role |
19 Women's Rights Law Reporter 85 (Fall 1997) |
When foreign customs are presented as exonerating evidence in criminal cases, it is considered a cultural defense. The defense assumes that someone raised in a foreign culture should not be held fully accountable for conduct that violates United States law ... [if that conduct] would be acceptable in his or her native culture. Thus, the defense...; Search Snippet: ...Women's Rights Law Reporter Fall 1997 Note Violence Against Chinese Women: Defining the Cultural Role Cathy C. Cardillo [Fna1] Copyright ©... |
1997 |
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Yes |
| Vicki C. Jackson |
What Judges Can Learn from Gender Bias Task Force Studies |
81 Judicature 15 (July-August 1997) |
As task force studies show, judges can be a powerful force for promoting equality of treatment for women and men in their courts. In 1963 a state court held in contempt an African-American female witness who refused to answer questions from a prosecutor because he called her by her first name. The U.S. Supreme Court summarily reversed her...; Search Snippet: ...Judicature Judicature July-august 1997 What Judges Can Learn from Gender Bias Task Force Studies Vicki C. Jackson [Fna] Copyright 1997... |
1997 |
African/Black American |
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| Linda L. Peter |
What Remains of Public Choice and Parental Rights: Does the Vmi Decision Preclude Exclusive Schools or Classes Based on Gender? |
33 California Western Law Review 249 (Spring 1997) |
On June 26, 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Virginia Military Academy (VMI) violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because it was a state-supported institution with a male-only admissions policy. In a 7-1 decision (Justice Thomas recused himself from the case), the Court held that the state failed to...; Search Snippet: ...The Vmi Decision Preclude Exclusive Schools or Classes Based on Gender? Linda L. Peter [Fna] Copyright (C) 1997 California Western School... |
1997 |
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| J. P. Howlett |
Women and Hiv: the Barriers to Protection |
5 Circles: Buffalo Women's Journal of Law and Social Policy 20 (1997) |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), known in the early years of the epidemic as Gay Related Immune Disorder (GRID), has evolved from a disease almost exclusively associated with gay men to one affecting an increasing number of women. The incidence of AIDS is escalating fifty percent more rapidly among women than among men. AIDS is the...; Search Snippet: ...Journal of Law and Social Policy 1997 Academic/legal Article Women and Hiv: the Barriers to Protection J. P. Howlett [Fn1... |
1997 |
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Yes |
| Margaret A. Costello |
Women in the Legal Profession: You've Come a Long Way-or Have You? |
1997 Detroit College of Law at Michigan State University Law Review 909 (Fall, 1997) |
It is 1998. There are two female justices on the United States Supreme Court. The attorney general of the United States is a woman. During the past year, until the retirement of Hon. Dorothy Comstock Riley, there was a female majority on Michigan's highest court. The immediate past president of the Michigan State Bar is female. Women lawyers, such...; Search Snippet: ...Of Law at Michigan State University Law Review Fall, 1997 Women in the Legal Profession: You've Come a Long Way-or... |
1997 |
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Yes |
| Margalynne Armstrong |
Women of Color in the Law: the Duality of Transformation |
31 University of San Francisco Law Review 967 (Summer 1997) |
WHEN A WOMAN of color enters the legal profession, she steps into a forum that has only recently begun to permit her presence. The long tradition of excluding most minority men, white women, and women of color from law schools and law practice formed a bar and bench devoid of the experiences and perspectives of the majority of the people that have...; Search Snippet: ...Review University of San Francisco Law Review Summer 1997 Essay Women of Color in the Law: the Duality of Transformation Margalynne... |
1997 |
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Yes |
| Christopher H. Pyle |
Women's Colleges: Is Segregation by Sex Still Justifiable Afterunited States V. Virginia? |
77 Boston University Law Review 209 (April, 1997) |
Suppose that a women's college accepted Shannon Faulkner only to discover in September that she was a he. Could the college revoke his admission, much as the all-male Citadel refused to enroll Miss Faulkner? Do women's colleges still have sufficient grounds to exclude men from their undergraduate degree programs? This latter question invokes a...; Search Snippet: ...Boston University Law Review Boston University Law Review April, 1997 Women's Colleges: Is Segregation by Sex Still Justifiable Afterunited States V... |
1997 |
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Yes |
| Jessica E. Jay |
Women's Participation in Sports: Four Feminist Perspectives |
7 Texas Journal of Women and the Law 1 (Fall, 1997) |
L1-2,T2Introduction 2. I. Historical Discrimination, Title IX, and Participation Today. 3 II. The Benefits of Participation in Sports--Assuming Participation Can Be Encouraged, Achieved, and Maintained. 10 A. Health and Fitness Benefits. 10 B. Self-Esteem and Success Benefits. 12 III. Feminist Perspectives of Girls' Sports Participation. 17 A....; Search Snippet: ...Law Texas Journal of Women and the Law Fall, 1997 Women's Participation in Sports: Four Feminist Perspectives Jessica E. Jay [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1997 by The... |
1997 |
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Yes |
| Nadine Strossen |
Women's Rights under Siege |
73 North Dakota Law Review 207 (1997) |
I am honored to address you, to help you celebrate Women's History Month. Some of my most vivid memories from my own student days involve hearing talks by women who were actively engaged in the women's rights movement. They made a powerful impact on me, and definitely played a role in my decision to become an advocate of human rights, including...; Search Snippet: ...595269 North Dakota Law Review North Dakota Law Review 1997 Women's Rights under Siege [Fna1] Nadine Strossen [Fnaa1] Copyright (C) 1997... |
1997 |
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Yes |
| Laura Ho , Catherine Powell , Leti Volpp |
(Dis)assembling Rights of Women Workers along the Global Assembly Line: Human Rights and the Garment Industry |
31 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 383 (Summer, 1996) |
On August 2, 1995, a multi-agency raid found sixty-seven Thai women and five Thai men kept in slave-like conditions in an apartment complex in a Los Angeles community called El Monte. Under the constant surveillance of armed guards and confined behind a ring of razor wire, they had been held for several years and had been forced to work as garment...; Search Snippet: ...Rights-civil Liberties Law Review Summer, 1996 (Dis)assembling Rights of Women Workers along the Global Assembly Line: Human Rights and The... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Louise Everett Graham , Geraldine Maschio |
A False Public Sentiment: Narrative and Visual Images of Women Lawyers in Film |
84 Kentucky Law Journal 1027 (1996) |
The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments claimed for women not only equality of rights under the law, but a cultural status that was not the product of compliance. It sought to enfranchise women across the entire panoply of social activity, and to afford them representation in a number of areas. Whether women have achieved the stature aspired to...; Search Snippet: ...1996 a False Public Sentiment: Narrative and Visual Images of Women Lawyers in Film Louise Everett Graham [Fna] Geraldine Maschio [Fnaa... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| CYNTHIA GRANT BOWMAN |
A Feminist Proposal to Bring Back Common Law Marriage |
75 Oregon Law Review 709 (Fall 1996) |
SOME time ago, a woman in her mid- to late thirties--let's call her Audrey-- came in to interview with my students and me at the Northwestern University Legal Clinic. Infectiously tense and speaking rapidly, Audrey told us that she was a victim of domestic abuse and wanted to know what her legal rights would be if she were to leave. What could she...; Search Snippet: ...888664 Oregon Law Review Oregon Law Review Fall 1996 a Feminist Proposal to Bring Back Common Law Marriage Cynthia Grant Bowman... |
1996 |
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| Anita Bernstein |
A Feminist Revisit to the First-year Curriculum |
46 Journal of Legal Education 217 (June, 1996) |
This article describes a seminar that I devised and have been teaching at Chicago-Kent. Fifteen students, having got through their first year of law school, gather with me to revisit the six subjects of that year: Civil Procedure, Contracts, Criminal Law, Justice and the Legal System, Property, and Torts. This time we pay primary attention to...; Search Snippet: ...Of Legal Education Journal of Legal Education June, 1996 a Feminist Revisit to the First-year Curriculum Anita Bernstein [Fna1] Copyright... |
1996 |
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| Joan C. Callahan , And Dorothy E. Roberts |
A Feminist Social Justice Approach to Reproduction-assisting Technologies: a Case Study on the Limits of Liberal Theory |
84 Kentucky Law Journal 1197 (1995-1996) |
In recent years, child welfare agencies in the United States have seized thousands of infants who have been exposed prenatally to various illicit drugs. A number of these seizures have resulted in the prosecution of women for drug use during pregnancy as a form of child abuse. Despite the fact that drug use during pregnancy seems to be equally...; Search Snippet: ...Unfinished Quest for Legal, Economic, Political, and Social Equality a Feminist Social Justice Approach to Reproduction-assisting Technologies: a Case Study... |
1996 |
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| Susan H. Williams , David C. Williams |
A Feminist Theory of Malebashing |
4 Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 35 (1996) |
Section Two: Proposed Definitions of Malebashing 51 A. Ending the Blame Game 52 B. Beasts and Conspirators 58 Section Three: Feminism, Dialogue, and Malebashing 64 A. General Feminist Values 65 1. The Universal Male Conspiracy...; Search Snippet: ...Gender and Law Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 1996 a Feminist Theory of Malebashing Susan H. Williams [Fna] David C. Williams...; Search Snippet: Providing Such a Legal Education for Women as Will Enable Them to Practice the Legal Profession--article of |
1996 |
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| Patricia Cooper |
A Masculinist Vision of Useful Labor Popular Ideologies about Women and Work in the United States, 1820 to 1939 |
84 Kentucky Law Journal 827 (1995-1996) |
In 1978, I was teaching at night at Bolling Air Force Base outside Washington, D.C., and writing my doctoral dissertation during the day. One evening, our readings had focused on early industrialization and I lectured about the young farm women who came to work for a year or two in the Lowell, Massachusetts, textile mills in the 1820s and 1830s....; Search Snippet: ...A Masculinist Vision of Useful Labor [Fna] Popular Ideologies about Women and Work in the United States, 1820 to 1939 By... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Joanne Belknap, Ph.D. |
Access to Programs and Health Care for Incarcerated Women |
60-DEC Federal Probation 34 (December, 1996) |
ALTHOUGH PRISONERS in general have been a forgotten and neglected part of the population, incarcerated females have been particularly so. In addition to gender differences in the attention given to prisoners, gender differences have existed in the programs available to prisoners. The justification for the paucity of programs in women's prisons is...; Search Snippet: ...December, 1996 Access to Programs and Health Care for Incarcerated Women Joanne Belknap , Ph.d. Copyright (C) 1997 by Joanne Belknap, Ph.d... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Aminah B. McCloud |
American Muslim Women and U.s. Society |
12 Journal of Law and Religion 51 (1995-1996) |
At the center of Muslim life sits The Qur'an--the Recitation--scripture for Muslims. Islamic dress, though understood intimately and expressed culturally by Muslims, seems to pose several dilemmas in the U.S. Yet, the most used translation of The Qur'an states: Say to the believing men that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty: that...; Search Snippet: ...Religion Journal of Law and Religion 1995-1996 American Muslim Women and U.s. Society Aminah B. Mccloud [Fna] Copyright (C) 1995... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Virginia W. Wei |
Asian Women and Employment Discrimination: Using Intersectionality Theory to Address Title Vii Claims Based on Combined Factors of Race, Gender and National Origin |
37 Boston College Law Review 771 (July, 1996) |
born into the skin of yellow women we are born into the armor of warriors Kitty Tsui, Chinatown Talking Story Women of color experience discrimination in multiple spheres that cannot be categorized as solely race-based or solely gender-based. Their experiences are a result of both their race and gender. The identities of women of color must...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Boston College Law Review July, 1996 Note Asian Women and Employment Discrimination: Using Intersectionality Theory to Address Title Vii Claims Based on Combined Factors of Race, Gender and National Origin Virginia W. Wei Copyright (C) 1996 By... |
1996 |
Asian American |
Yes |
| Karin Wang |
Battered Asian American Women: Community Responses from the Battered Women's Movement and the Asian American Community |
3 Asian Law Journal 151 (May, 1996) |
The anti-domestic violence movement has made significant progress in the past twenty years. However, these gains largely have not been realized by Asian American women. The author argues that for Asian American women, domestic violence is complicated by factors such as language barriers, immigrant status, cultural differences, and racial...; Search Snippet: ...Asian Law Journal Asian Law Journal May, 1996 Comment Battered Asian American Women: Community Responses from the Battered Women's Movement and the Asian American Community Karin Wang [Fnd] Copyright (C) 1996 Asian Law Journal... |
1996 |
Asian American |
Yes |
| Andrea L. Dennis |
Because I Am Black, Because I Am Woman: Remedying the Sexual Harassment Experience of Black Women |
1996 Annual Survey of American Law 555 (1996) |
Rap-rap. Rap-rap. There is a light knock on your new office door, the nameplate of which reads Erika Childress, Esq. Here goes, you think, the first potential client of my own law firm! I hope it's an interesting case. I hope she can pay. Come in, you respond. A young, Black woman in her mid-twenties pokes her head in the door. Yes, come...; Search Snippet: ...Of Black Women Because I Am Black, Because I Am Woman: Remedying the Sexual Harassment Experience of Black Women Andrea L. Dennis [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1996 Annual Survey Of... |
1996 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
| Celina Romany |
Black Women and Gender Equality in a New South Africa: Human Rights Law and the Intersection of Race and Gender |
21 Brooklyn Journal of International Law 857 (1996) |
For decades institutionalized racism has been applied by the apartheid state to effect the most brutal forms of social engineering known to humanity. Need I remind anyone . . . that millions of black women remain illiterate in the age of advanced education and technology? That black women, in thousands, occupy the lowest ranks in employment? That...; Search Snippet: ...Dedicated to Women in the International Human Rights Arena Black Women and Gender Equality in a New South Africa: Human Rights Law and the Intersection of Race and Gender Celina Romany [Fna] Copyright (C) 1996 Brooklyn Law School; Celina... |
1996 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
| Alfred Dennis Mathewson |
Black Women, Gender Equity and the Function at the Junction |
6 Marquette Sports Law Journal 239 (Spring 1996) |
After teaching sports law for several years, I am struck that few people can articulate a coherent general thesis of what gender equity means or a clear vision of what the athletic picture will look like when it has been attained. The law of gender equity, however, is not so difficult to find. The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth...; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal Marquette Sports Law Journal Spring 1996 Essay Black Women, Gender Equity and the Function at the Junction Alfred Dennis Mathewson... |
1996 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
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Bridging the Gap: Moving Toward Women's Solidarity |
4 Circles: Buffalo Women's Journal of Law and Social Policy 12 (1996) |
In the aftermath of the verdict to the OJ Simpson murder trial, many of us were struck by the polarization of reactions to the verdict across lines of color. To a large extent, women's groups, in claiming violence against women as the central issue of the case, had failed to appreciate how issues of sexism intersect with race and class and every...; Search Snippet: ...Social Policy 1996 Personal Commentary Bridging the Gap: Moving Toward Women's Solidarity Copyright (C) 1996 in the Aftermath of the Verdict... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| John C. Weistart |
Can Gender Equity Find a Place in Commercialized College Sports? |
3 Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy 191 (Spring 1996) |
The premise of Title IX should be uncontroversial: no person may be excluded from the benefits of an educational program on the basis of gender. There is a sense in which Title IX, at the time of its adoption more than twenty years ago, simply captured what was an independent societal norm of considerable force. Women were participating in higher...; Search Snippet: ...1996 Gender & Sports: Setting a Course for College Athletics Can Gender Equity Find a Place in Commercialized College Sports? John C... |
1996 |
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Chapter Ii: Holding up the Mirror: Men and Women as Participants in the Work and Worklife of the D.c. Circuit |
84 Georgetown Law Journal 1677 (May, 1996) |
Any study of issues of gender and its effects in a court system needs to identify where men and women work in that system. Determining the presence of women and men is necessary to understand the contexts in which differences in treatmentor perceived differences in treatmentarise. A statistical picture, while in some respects just a snapshot, can...; Search Snippet: ...Special Section Chapter Ii: Holding up the Mirror: Men and Women as Participants in the Work and Worklife of the D.c... |
1996 |
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Yes |
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Chapter Iv: Women and Men in Criminal Justice |
84 Georgetown Law Journal 1778 (May, 1996) |
There is an enormous range of decisionsinvolving parties, attorneys, jurors, witnesses, and courthouse personnelin the criminal justice process in which the effects of gender might be studied, far too many for this Committee to address. The Committee considered many issues but was most successful in collecting data in the areas of appointment of...; Search Snippet: ...Journal Georgetown Law Journal May, 1996 Special Section Chapter Iv: Women and Men in Criminal Justice Copyright (C) 1996 by The... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Mary Coombs |
Comment: Between Women/between Men: the Significance for Lesbianism of Historical Understandings of Same-(Male)sex Sexual Activities |
8 Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities 241 (Winter 1996) |
The two primary articles in this Symposium each contribute significantly to the project of providing a history for same-sex sexual activities and desires. That project is politically and intellectually valuable, both in its own right and as a means toward understanding contemporary homosexuality. It also has potential legal implications. The term...; Search Snippet: ...Symposium Intersections: Sexuality, Cultural Tradition, and the Law Comment: Between Women/between Men: the Significance for Lesbianism of Historical Understandings Of... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Bastiaan K. Coebergh |
Constitutional Law |
31 Land and Water Law Review 195 (1996) |
On October 21, 1991, jury selection began in the civil paternity action against J.E.B. The State of Alabama had filed a complaint for paternity and child support on behalf of T.B., alleging that J.E.B. was the father of T.B.'s minor child. The Circuit Court of Jackson County, Alabama assembled a panel of thirty-six potential jurors, twelve males...; Search Snippet: ...Division Casenote Constitutional Law the United States Supreme Court on Gender-based Peremptory Jury Challenges - Constitutionally Correct but out of Touch... |
1996 |
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| Melynda G. Broomfield |
Controlling the Reproductive Rights of Impoverished Women: Is this the Way to "Reform" Welfare? |
16 Boston College Third World Law Journal 217 (Spring, 1996) |
It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. The principle that sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover cutting the Fallopian tubes. Three generations of...; Search Snippet: ...Journal Spring, 1996 Note Controlling the Reproductive Rights of Impoverished Women: Is this the Way to Reform Welfare? Melynda G. Broomfield... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Marina Angel |
Criminal Law and Women: Giving the Abused Woman Who Kills a Jury of Her Peers Who Appreciate Trifles |
33 American Criminal Law Review 229 (Winter, 1996) |
I. Introduction. 230 II. Stories. 232 A. The StoryFiction. 235 B. The StoryFact. 241 C. A Jury of Her Peers as a Pedagogic Device. 246 III. The Law: History and Politics. 252 A. Jurisprudential Debates Affecting Women. 252 B. The History of Legalized Woman Abuse: Roman, English, and Early American Law. 254 C. The Right to Vote: A Black/White...; Search Snippet: ...Review American Criminal Law Review Winter, 1996 Criminal Law and Women: Giving the Abused Woman Who Kills a Jury of Her Peers Who Appreciate Trifles... |
1996 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
| Elene G. Mountis |
Cultural Relativity and Universalism: Reevaluating Gender Rights in a Multicultural Context |
15 Dickinson Journal of International Law 113 (Fall 1996) |
Those who are bold enough to advance before the age they live in, and to throw off, by the force of their own minds, the prejudices which the maturing reasons on the world will in time disavow, must learn to brave censure. We ought not to be too anxious respecting the opinion of others. Mary Wollstonecraft, (1797) A tension between two analytical...; Search Snippet: ...Of International Law Fall 1996 Cultural Relativity and Universalism: Reevaluating Gender Rights in a Multicultural Context Elene G. Mountis [Fna] Copyright... |
1996 |
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| Phyllis Goldfarb |
Describing Without Circumscribing: Questioning the Construction of Gender in the Discourse of Intimate Violence |
64 George Washington Law Review 582 (March, 1996) |
In this Article, Professor Goldfarb examines the construction of gender roles in the discourse on intimate violence. The Article argues that this discourse assumes that male violence against female intimates represents the problem of battering in its entirety. In doing so, the discourse renders invisible the battering that occurs outside this...; Search Snippet: ...Review March, 1996 Describing Without Circumscribing: Questioning the Construction of Gender in the Discourse of Intimate Violence Phyllis Goldfarb [Fna] Copyright... |
1996 |
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| Sarah Gill |
Dismantling Gender and Race Stereotypes: Using Education to Prevent Date Rape |
7 UCLA Women's Law Journal 27 (Fall-Winter 1996) |
The date rape problem persists, despite rape law reforms. One contributing factor to the law's failure to decrease the incidence of, and increase the reporting and prosecution of date rape, is that gender and race stereotypes are embedded in our societal consciousness. These gender and race stereotypes lead to miscommunication, which is a major...; Search Snippet: ...Women's Law Journal Fall-winter 1996 December, 1996 Essay Dismantling Gender and Race Stereotypes: Using Education to Prevent Date Rape Sarah... |
1996 |
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| Christine A. Littleton |
Double and Nothing: Lesbian as Category |
7 UCLA Women's Law Journal 1 (Fall-Winter 1996) |
In this Article, Littleton argues that the social and legal construction of sexual orientation and of gender uphold the dominance of cultural masculinity. Because of this construction, members of the set lesbians disappear into subsets based on sexual orientation (women are seen only as straight women) or gender (gays are seen only as...; Search Snippet: ...Doctrine Organized Around the Categories of Race and Sex. [Fn28] African- American Women Are Ignored When Race Discrimination Analysis Focuses on the Experience of African- American Men, and Likewise Ignored When Sex Discrimination Analysis Focuses on the Experience of White Women. [Fn29] Belonging to a Specific Group Within Each |
1996 |
African/Black American |
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| Lori Ann Larson |
Female Genital Mutilation in the United States: Child Abuse or Constitutional Freedom? |
17 Women's Rights Law Reporter 237 (Spring 1996) |
The world of humanity consists of two parts: male and female. Each is the complement of the other. Therefore, if one is defective, the other will necessarily be incomplete, and perfection cannot be attained. Just as the physical accomplishment is complete with two halves, so man and woman, the two parts of the social body must be perfect. It is not...; Search Snippet: ...Rights Law Reporter Women's Rights Law Reporter Spring 1996 Note Female Genital Mutilation in the United States: Child Abuse or Constitutional... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Susan L. Waysdorf |
Fighting for Their Lives: Women, Poverty, and the Historical Role of United States Law in Shaping Access to Women's Health Care |
84 Kentucky Law Journal 745 (1995-1996) |
Perhaps in no other context of American life is the relationship between poverty, racial discrimination, and gender discrimination more stark and historically consistent than in the area of health care delivery and medicine. Today, women's daily relationship to securing and maintaining health care for themselves and their children remains a major...; Search Snippet: ...Legal, Economic, Political, and Social Equality Fighting for Their Lives: Women, Poverty, and the Historical Role of United States Law in Shaping Access to Women's Health Care Susan L. Waysdorf [Fna] Copyright (C) 1996 University... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Cheryl I. Harris |
Finding Sojourner's Truth: Race, Gender, and the Institution of Property |
18 Cardozo Law Review 309 (November, 1996) |
I want to say a few words about this matter. I am for a woman's rights. I have as much muscle as any man and can do as much work as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more than that? I have heard much about the sexes being equal; I can carry as much as any man, and can eat as much too, if I can...; Search Snippet: ...Law and United States Slave Regimes Finding Sojourner's Truth: Race, Gender, and the Institution of Property Cheryl I. Harris [Fna1] Copyright... |
1996 |
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| Patricia G. Barnes |
From Outsider to Insider |
82-NOV ABA Journal 24 (November, 1996) |
I was once asked what experience in life best prepared me to be managing partner, says Karen Randall, who moved from that job to become senior vice president and general counsel of MCA Inc. It is being a mother. Dealing with her two children prepared her for handling difficult personalities with competing demands, she says. That female...; Search Snippet: ...1996 News from Outsider to Insider More Firms Are Appointing Women Managing Partners Patricia G. Barnes Copyright (C) 1996 by The... |
1996 |
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| Rebecca L. Berkeley |
Gender Based Affirmative Action: a Journey That Has Only Just Begun |
50 Washington University Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law 353 (Fall 1996) |
When the Court handed down Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, it made a bold statement by applying the strict scrutiny standard to federal affirmative action programs that use racial or ethnic selections criteria. However, the Court did not discuss the constitutional standard of review for gender-based affirmative action. Presently, lower courts...; Search Snippet: ...Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law Fall 1996 Recent Development Gender Based Affirmative Action: a Journey That Has Only Just Begun... |
1996 |
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| Rosemary C. Hunter |
Gender in Evidence: Masculine Norms Vs. Feminist Reforms |
19 Harvard Women's Law Journal 127 (Spring, 1996) |
One of the primary concerns of feminist legal scholarship has been to explore the gender effects of legal rules and practices in order to discover whether, and why, certain areas of law operate systematically to the advantage of men and to the disadvantage of women. This Article explores the gender effects of the rules of evidence and the conduct...; Search Snippet: ...Harvard Womens Law Journal Harvard Women's Law Journal Spring, 1996 Gender in Evidence: Masculine Norms Vs. Feminist Reforms Rosemary C. Hunter [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1996 by The... |
1996 |
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| Andrew T. Fede |
Gender in the Law of Slavery in the Antebellum United States |
18 Cardozo Law Review 411 (November, 1996) |
In her thought-provoking paper Finding Sojourner's Truth: Race, Gender, and the Institution of Property, Cheryl I. Harris explores the connections between slavery, race, and gender in the law of the antebellum United States. Harris acknowledges that slaves alone were defined as property at law, and, therefore, the legal status of slaves differed...; Search Snippet: ...Part Ii Contribution Private Law and United States Slave Regimes Gender in the Law of Slavery in the Antebellum United States... |
1996 |
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| B. Tobias Isbell |
Gender Inequality and Wage Differentials Between the Sexes: Is it Inevitable or Is There an Answer? |
50 Washington University Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law 369 (Fall 1996) |
Labor compensation for many individuals in the United States is still determined by gender, despite over thirty years of civil rights legislation. Specifically, women in the United States labor under an emploment system in which they earn comparatively less than men. In the early 1960s, women earned about 59 for every dollar earned by men. In 1992,...; Search Snippet: ...Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law Fall 1996 Recent Development Gender Inequality and Wage Differentials Between the Sexes: Is it Inevitable... |
1996 |
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| Karen H. Rothenberg |
Gender Matters: Implications for Clinical Research and Women's Health Care |
32 Houston Law Review 1201 (1996) |
I. Introduction. 1202 II. Gender Bias: Realities and Reasons. 1205 A. Gender Gaps in Clinical Research. 1208 B. Gender Disparities in Clinical Decisionmaking. 1210 C. The Role of Gender in the Physician-Patient Relationship. 1211 III. The Evolution of Regulation: Protectionism, Pitfalls, and Progress. 1218 A. The History of Regulating Human...; Search Snippet: ...Houston Law Review 1996 Symposium: Nonfinancial Barriers to Health Care Gender Matters: Implications for Clinical Research and Women's Health Care Karen H. Rothenberg [Fna] Copyright (C) 1996 Houston... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Celina Romany |
Gender, Race/ethnicity and Language |
9 La Raza Law Journal 49 (Spring, 1996) |
Buenos días. Welcome to the island. Last night, with co-panelist and friend Professor Angel Oquendo, I was discussing the different perspective of Critical Race Theory acquired after having spent a year back in Puerto Rico. This is a homecoming of sorts since many of us, through the alchemy of a three hour plane ride, maintain our professional...; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal La Raza Law Journal Spring, 1996 Colloquium Proceeding Gender, Race/ethnicity and Language Celina Romany [Fnd1] Copyright (C) 1996... |
1996 |
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| Mary B. Mahowald |
Genetic Technologies and Their Implications for Women |
3 University of Chicago Law School Roundtable 439 (1996) |
Gender neutral language has been religiously observed by many people in recent years. I use it myself, and usually insist on it in my editorial work, to insure that the reader or listener does not interpret what is intended to apply to both genders as only applicable to one. This preference for gender neutral language embraces the avoidance of...; Search Snippet: ...Technology and Biomedical Ethics Genetic Technologies and Their Implications for Women Mary B. Mahowald [Fnd] Copyright (C) 1996 University of Chicago... |
1996 |
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Yes |
| Joyce Antila Phipps |
Immigration and the Latin Community |
17 Women's Rights Law Reporter 279 (Summer, 1996) |
Prior to discussing the issues of race, class, and gender in immigration policy, I would first like to provide a bit of context for my remarks. Approximately 12.5% to 13% of the population of New Jersey is foreign born. This means that out of a population of about seven million, a little over one million persons were born in other countries. About...; Search Snippet: ...Addition to Legal Representation, El Centro Provides Social Services for Hispanic Women. Rather than Discussing These Issues from an Only Theoretical Perspective... |
1996 |
Hispanic/Latinx American |
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