| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Ethnicity in Title or Summary | Gender in Title or Summary |
| Nikolaus Benke |
Women in the Courts: an Old Thorn in Men's Sides |
3 Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 195 (1995) |
Introduction 196 I. Gender Discourse, Patriarchy, and Rule Making 198 A. Making and Remaking Gender 198 B. Basics of the Patriarchal Program 201 C. Example: See This Case; It Tells Us a Rule 202 II. Carfania's Case: An Archetypal Story 203 A. The Momentous Example of Carfania 203 B. Carfania's Case Reveals the Patriarchal Arsenal 208 III. Carfanian...; Search Snippet: ...Of Gender and Law Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 1995 Women in the Courts: an Old Thorn in Men's Sides Nikolaus... |
1995 |
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Yes |
| Carole Shapiro |
Women Lawyers in Celluloid: Why Hollywood Skirts the Truth |
25 University of Toledo Law Review 955 (1995) |
In 1872, the U.S. Supreme Court in Bradwell v. Illinois upheld an Illinois law that prohibited women from joining that state's bar solely on the basis of their sex. Justice Bradley, in a concurrence joined by two other justices, stated that: The paramount destiny and mission of woman sic are to fulfil sic the noble and benign offices of wife and...; Search Snippet: ...Of Toledo Law Review University of Toledo Law Review 1995 Women Lawyers in Celluloid: Why Hollywood Skirts the Truth Carole Shapiro... |
1995 |
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Yes |
| Jennifer A. Freyer |
Women Litigators in Search of a Care-oriented Judicial System |
4 American University Journal of Gender & the Law 199 (Fall 1995) |
Discourage litigation. Persuade your neighbors to compromise whenever you can. Point out to them how the nominal winner is often a real loser -- in fees, expenses and waste of time. As a peacemaker, the lawyer has a superior opportunity of being a good man. Never stir up litigation. A worse man can scarcely be found than one who does this. Who can...; Search Snippet: ...Law American University Journal of Gender & the Law Fall 1995 Women Litigators in Search of a Care-oriented Judicial System Jennifer... |
1995 |
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Yes |
| Victoria L. Radd, Associate Counsel to the President ; Janet Reno, Attorney General of the United States ; Jamie S. Gorelick, Deputy Attorney General of the United States ; Eleanor D. (“Eldie”) Acheson, Assistant Attorney General, Office of Policy Develop |
Women of Justice: Reflections |
18 Harvard Women's Law Journal L.J. 1 (Spring, 1995) |
The following is a compendium of personal essays written by six of the women leaders at the United States Department of Justice, reflecting on their experiences as women in the nation's top law enforcement posts. The section begins with an introduction by Victoria Radd of the White House Counsel's Office. During the 1992 Presidential campaign, Bill...; Search Snippet: ...Womens Law Journal Harvard Women's Law Journal Spring, 1995 Essay Women of Justice: Reflections Victoria L. Radd , Associate Counsel to The... |
1995 |
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Yes |
| Marion Crain |
Women, Labor Unions, and Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment: the Untold Story |
4 Texas Journal of Women and the Law L. 9 (Summer 1995) |
I. The Dynamics of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. 15 A. Why and How Male Workers Harass. 16 1. Quid Pro Quo Harassment. 17 2. Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment. 18 B. How Women Respond. 22 C. The Effects of Sexual Harassment on Women. 27 II. Union Attitudes Toward Sexual Harassment of Female Members. 29 A. Unions in Traditionally...; Search Snippet: ...Law Summer 1995 1994 Symposium on Women in the Workplace Women, Labor Unions, and Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment: the Untold... |
1995 |
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Yes |
| Leti Volpp |
(Mis)identifying Culture: Asian Women and the "Cultural Defense" |
17 Harvard Women's Law Journal 57 (Spring, 1994) |
The cultural defense is a legal strategy that defendants use in attempts to excuse criminal behavior or to mitigate culpability based on a lack of requisite mens rea. Defendants may also use cultural defenses to present evidence relating to state of mind when arguing self defense or mistake of fact. The theory underlying the defense is that the...; Search Snippet: ...Journal Harvard Women's Law Journal Spring, 1994 (Mis)identifying Culture: Asian Women and the Cultural Defense Leti Volpp [Fna] Copyright (C) 1994... |
1994 |
Asian American |
Yes |
| Miriam H. Ruttenberg |
A Feminist Critique of Mandatory Arrest: an Anallysis of Race and Gender in Domestic Violence Policy |
2 American University Journal of Gender & the Law 171 (Spring, 1994) |
Men have beaten their wives and partners for centuries with no retribution from the criminal justice system. Only recently has domestic violence been targeted by the government as a problem warranting criminal sanctions. For example, in the past two decades many states have enacted mandatory arrest statutes. These statutes are designed to send the...; Search Snippet: ...American University Journal of Gender & the Law Spring, 1994 a Feminist Critique of Mandatory Arrest: an Anallysis of Race and Gender in Domestic Violence Policy Miriam H. Ruttenberg [Fna1] Copyright ©... |
1994 |
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| Julie Mertus , Pamela Goldberg |
A Perspective on Women and International Human Rights after the Vienna Declaration: the Inside/outside Construct |
26 New York University Journal of International Law & Politics 201 (Winter, 1994) |
For the first time ever, violations of women's human rights were specifically recognized by the United Nations at its World Conference on Human Rights in June 1993. The final Declaration and Vienna Declaration that arose out of the Vienna conference (the Vienna Declaration) specifically recognizes the human rights of women as an inalienable,...; Search Snippet: ...Journal of International Law & Politics Winter, 1994 a Perspective on Women and International Human Rights after the Vienna Declaration: the Inside... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Anita F. Hill |
A Tribute to Thurgood Marshall: a Man Who Broke with Tradition on Issues of Race and Gender |
47 Oklahoma Law Review 127 (Spring, 1994) |
This colloquium gives me an opportunity to express my own feelings of respect and appreciation for the contributions to principles of equality made by Thurgood Marshall as a judge and, prior to his appointment to the Supreme Court, as an attorney. As well, it gives me an opportunity to learn from my colleagues here at the University of Oklahoma....; Search Snippet: ...Man Who Broke with Tradition on Issues of Race and Gender Anita F. Hill [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1994 by the Oklahoma... |
1994 |
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| Walter B. Connolly, Jr. , Jeffrey D. Adelman |
A University's Defense to a Title Ix Gender Equity in Athletics Lawsuit: Congress Never Intended Gender Equity Based on Student Body Ratios |
71 University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 845 (Summer, 1994) |
I. Introduction . 845 II. An Overview of Title IX . 849 III. The Intercollegiate Athletic Provisions of Title IX . 854 IV. OCR's Interpretation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Provisions of Title IX. 856 V. Judicial Interpretations of the Intercollegiate Athletic Provisions of Title IX . 868 VI. University Responses to Title IX Audits and Private...; Search Snippet: ...Review Summer, 1994 a University's Defense to a Title Ix Gender Equity in Athletics Lawsuit: Congress Never Intended Gender Equity Based on Student Body Ratios Walter B. Connolly, Jr... |
1994 |
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| Carole H. Hofstein |
African American Women and the Limits of Law and Society |
1 Cardozo Women's Law Journal 373 (1994) |
Everybody was in the position to give them orders. White women said Do this. White children said Give me that White men said come here. Black men said Lay down. The only people they need not take orders from were black children and each other. In order for people to achieve equality, the laws of this country must recognize that no two...; Search Snippet: ...Cardozo Womens Law Journal Cardozo Women's Law Journal 1994 Note African American Women and the Limits of Law and Society Carole H. Hofstein... |
1994 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
| Anne-Marie Leath Storey |
An Analysis of the Doctrines and Goals of Feminist Legal Theory and Their Constitutional Implications |
19 Vermont Law Review 137 (Fall, 1994) |
To read is to empower To empower is to write To write is to influence To influence is to change Women are seeking change; they (we) are seeking equality. But who defines equality? Is it possible that the search should not be for equality after all, but for power? Is there a difference between equality and power? These are questions that women must...; Search Snippet: ...1994 Note an Analysis of the Doctrines and Goals of Feminist Legal Theory and Their Constitutional Implications Anne-marie Leath Storey... |
1994 |
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| Vivian Sue Shields , Suzanne Melanie Buchko |
Antoinette Dakin Leach: a Woman Before the Bar |
28 Valparaiso University Law Review 1189 (Summer, 1994) |
One hundred and one years ago, Antoinette Dakin Leach challenged Indiana's constitutional and statutory provisions restricting the practice of law to voters and won for Hoosier women the right to practice law before the courts of Indiana. Mrs. Leach was a lawyer, business person, politician, and activist. Her life spanned the last half of the...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Summer, 1994 Seegers Lecture Antoinette Dakin Leach: a Woman Before the Bar Vivian Sue Shields [Fna] Suzanne Melanie Buchko... |
1994 |
American Indian/Alaskan Native |
Yes |
| Peter Margulies |
Asylum, Intersectionality, and Aids: Women with Hiv as a Persecuted Social Group |
8 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 521 (Fall, 1994) |
Immigrants with HIV exist at the intersection of blame, pity, and abdication. These intersecting impulses have shaped the United States' HIV-related immigration policy, which excludes people with HIV as having a communicable disease of public health significance, subject to a number of discretionary exceptions. Blame stems from a convergence of...; Search Snippet: ...Georgetown Immigration Law Journal Fall, 1994 Asylum, Intersectionality, and Aids: Women with Hiv as a Persecuted Social Group Peter Margulies [Fna1... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Lani Guinier, Michelle Fine, Jane Balin, Ann Bartow, and Deborah Lee Stachel |
Becoming Gentlemen: Women's Experiences at One Ivy League Law School |
143 University of Pennsylvania Law Review Rev. 1 (November, 1994) |
Am I to be cursed forever with becoming somebody else on the way to myself? -Audre Lorde In this Article we describe preliminary research by and about women law students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School-a typical, if elite, law school stratified deeply along gender lines. Our database draws from students enrolled at the Law School...; Search Snippet: ...Review University of Pennsylvania Law Review November, 1994 Becoming Gentlemen: Women's Experiences at One Ivy League Law School Lani Guinier Michelle... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Marion Crain |
Between Feminism and Unionism: Working Class Women, Sex Equality, and Labor Speech |
82 Georgetown Law Journal 1903 (July, 1994) |
What common ground exists between feminism and labor unionism? Is there an overlap between feminism's sex equality goals and unionism's goal of wealth redistribution to the working class? This article explores the interstices between feminism and unionism, where working class women struggle to survive. Feminism's concern with sex equality has been...; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal July, 1994 Between Feminism and Unionism: Working Class Women, Sex Equality, and Labor Speech Marion Crain [Fna1] Copyright ©... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Kathryn Boockvar |
Beyond Survival: the Procreative Rights of Women with Hiv |
14 Boston College Third World Law Journal L.J. 1 (Winter, 1994) |
Increasingly, women's autonomy over their bodies is being threatened as courts and legislatures play paternalistic roles. Women have been forced to have surgical procedures against their will, often to the detriment of their health. They have been forced into temporary or permanent sterilization, and have been prosecuted for child abuse or neglect...; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal Winter, 1994 Beyond Survival: the Procreative Rights of Women with Hiv Kathryn Boockvar [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1994 by The... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Sherri Snelson Haring |
Bray V. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic: "Rational Objects of Disfavor" as a New Weapon in Modern Civil Rights Litigation |
72 North Carolina Law Review 764 (March, 1994) |
As the debate over the morality of abortion rages on in classrooms, churches, and legislatures throughout the country, women in cities throughout America are under siege. Between 1977 and 1990, the National Abortion Federation (NAF) collected reports of 829 acts of violence directed at abortion clinics: 34 were bombed, 52 were targets of arson, 43...; Search Snippet: ...North Carolina Law Review March, 1994 Note Bray V. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic: Rational Objects of Disfavor as a New Weapon... |
1994 |
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Yes |
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Comments by Crystal Mason: Hiv-positive Women in Prison |
9 Berkeley Women's Law Journal 149 (1994) |
I am going to start by explaining why I work with women prisoners with AIDS. When I moved here to San Francisco, I got involved with ACT-UP San Francisco. But even before I joined ACT-UP, I believed that people, especially women, have the right to information and the right to health care. We all deserve the opportunity to live a good life, but this...; Search Snippet: ...1994 Symposium Commentary Comments by Crystal Mason: [Fnd] Hiv-positive Women in Prison Copyright (C) 1994 Berkeley Women's Law Journal I... |
1994 |
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Yes |
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Comments by Jennifer Burroughs: the Politics of Statistics |
9 Berkeley Women's Law Journal 152 (1994) |
I will start by talking a little bit about my own experience. I have been a nurse practitioner for seven years. I started out working with homeless people in Boston and New York, and that is where I first saw HIV infected men and women. Then I took a job in an AIDS clinic. When I first started working there in 1989, about one in ten of our new...; Search Snippet: ...That Ranged from Three to Thirty-five Times Higher for African American Women than for White Women in Rural Areas. [Fn6] in Texas it Was Three Times... |
1994 |
African/Black American |
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| Marion Crain |
Confronting the Structural Character of Working Women's Economic Subordination: Collective Action Vs. Individual Rights Strategies |
3-SPG Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 26 (Spring, 1994) |
Women constitute a substantial majority of the working poor in the United States. In large part, this condition is attributable to the assumption that women will be provided for through private arrangements with male breadwinners. The U.S. wage labor system is structured around the vision of an ideal worker, a male primary breadwinner with a...; Search Snippet: ...Policy Spring, 1994 Feature Confronting the Structural Character of Working Women's Economic Subordination: Collective Action Vs. Individual Rights Strategies Marion Crain... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Stacy A. Dowling |
Constitutional Law - Fourteenth Amendment -- Equal Protection Clause Prohibits Litigants from Exercising Peremptory Challenges on the Basis of Gender - J.e.b. V. Alabama ex Rel T.b., 114 S. Ct. 1419 (1994). |
25 Seton Hall Law Review 756 (1994) |
The Supreme Court has historically exalted the peremptory challenge as an important element in achieving a fair and impartial jury trial in both criminal and civil cases. During voir dire, the system gives litigants the opportunity to strike potential jurors in two ways: for cause or peremptorily. Litigants employ the challenge for cause to...; Search Snippet: ...Prohibits Litigants from Exercising Peremptory Challenges on the Basis of Gender - J.e.b. V. Alabama ex Rel T.b., 114 S. Ct. 1419... |
1994 |
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| Stacie L. Sanders |
Constitutional Law: Eliminating Gender-based Peremptory Strikes: the End of the Peremptory Challenge? [J.e.b. V. Alabama Ex. Rel. T.b., 114 S.ct. 1419 (1994)] |
34 Washburn Law Journal 193 (Fall, 1994) |
In J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B., the United States Supreme Court addresses whether the United States Constitution's Equal Protection Clause precludes the State from using peremptory challenges to intentionally discriminate on the basis of gender. In a six-three decision, the United States Supreme Court holds a state actor's intentional gender...; Search Snippet: ...Journal Washburn Law Journal Fall, 1994 Comment Constitutional Law: Eliminating Gender-based Peremptory Strikes: the End of the Peremptory Challenge? [J.e.b... |
1994 |
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| Susan Bisom-Rapp |
Contextualizing the Debate: How Feminist and Critical Race Scholarship Can Inform the Teaching of Employment Discrimination Law |
44 Journal of Legal Education 366 (September, 1994) |
The past ten years have seen the creation of a rich body of literature--both critical and prescriptive--addressing how feminist and critical race theory can inform law school curriculum and pedagogy. Critiques of traditional first-year casebooks have been developed. Articles suggesting ways of presenting substantive material have been written....; Search Snippet: ...Legal Education September, 1994 General Article Contextualizing the Debate: How Feminist and Critical Race Scholarship Can Inform the Teaching of Employment... |
1994 |
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| Scott Gregory Baker |
Deaf Justice?: Battered Women Unjustly Imprisoned Prior to the Enactment of Evidence Code Section 1107 |
24 Golden Gate University Law Review 99 (Spring 1994) |
Geneva Love's husband was in the military; they lived in a military town. Her husband beat her. Geneva Love was pregnant with their second child. When she tried to leave the abusive relationship her husband confronted her with more violence; she was forced to kill him. The importance of evidence concerning Battered Women's Syndrome was not...; Search Snippet: ...Golden Gate University Law Review Spring 1994 Deaf Justice?: Battered Women Unjustly Imprisoned Prior to the Enactment of Evidence Code Section... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Joan W. Howarth |
Deciding to Kill: Revealing the Gender in the Task Handed to Capital Jurors |
1994 Wisconsin Law Review 1345 (1994) |
I. Introduction. 1346 II. Death Qualification: Too Much Caring, or Not Enough?. 1354 A. Care or Justice. 1355 B. Death Qualification: Triumph of Justice. 1357 C. Death Qualification: Victory for Caring. 1361 D. Care, Justice, and Gender in Death Qualification. 1362 III. The Decision. 1363 A. Rules vs. Discretion. 1364 1. The Chaos of Discretion as...; Search Snippet: ...Review Wisconsin Law Review 1994 Deciding to Kill: Revealing the Gender in the Task Handed to Capital Jurors Joan W. Howarth... |
1994 |
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| Linda L. Ammons |
Discretionary Justice: a Legal and Policy Analysis of a Governor's Use of the Clemency Power in the Cases of Incarcerated Battered Women |
3 Journal of Law & Policy 1 (1994) |
Introduction. 2 I. The American Epidemic of Domestic Violence. 5 II. The Plight of Battered Women Who Defended Themselves In Ohio: A Case Study. 10 A. Legislative and Gubernatorial Initiatives. 17 III. Clemency 23 A. Courts and the Clemency Power. 27 B. The Need for Clemency. 30 C. The Role of Governor. 33 D. Executive Discretion. 37 E. The Role of...; Search Snippet: ...Of the Clemency Power in the Cases of Incarcerated Battered Women Linda L. Ammons [Fna] Copyright (C) 1994 Journal of Law... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Kathryn Frueh Patterson |
Discrimination in the Workplace: Are Men and Women Not Entitled to the Same Parental Leave Benefits under Title Vii? |
47 SMU Law Review 425 (January/February, 1994) |
American society has changed significantly in the last decade. Traditional families comprised of a working father and a homemaker mother are no longer commonplace. Increasing numbers of men desire, or are forced, to assume a more active role in the rearing of their children. Consequently, employers and legislatures are beginning to debate and...; Search Snippet: ...February, 1994 Comment Discrimination in the Workplace: Are Men and Women Not Entitled to the Same Parental Leave Benefits under Title... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Leslie G. Espinoza |
Dissecting Women, Dissecting Law: the Court-ordering of Caesarean Section Operations and the Failure of Informed Consent to Protect Women of Color |
13 National Black Law Journal 211 (Fall, 1994) |
Caesarean section deliveries increased markedly in the last twenty years. In 1970, the percentage of all deliveries by Caesarean section was 5.5 percent. By 1991, the percentage of Caesarean section operations had increased to 23.5 percent of all deliveries. Caesarean operations are now the most commonly performed major surgery in the United...; Search Snippet: ...Black Law Journal National Black Law Journal Fall, 1994 Dissecting Women, Dissecting Law: the Court-ordering of Caesarean Section Operations and the Failure of Informed Consent to Protect Women of Color Leslie G. Espinoza [Fna] Copyright (C) 1994 National... |
1994 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
| Carolyn C. Jones |
Dollars and Selves: Women's Tax Criticism and Resistance in the 1870s |
1994 University of Illinois Law Review 265 (1994) |
Professor Jones examines nineteenth century feminists' use of taxation as a metaphor. Tax protesters and resisters urging woman suffrage attempted to draw a connection to the no taxation without representation slogan of the American Revolution. Writers in a woman suffrage journal also used taxation to describe the larger cultural subordination of...; Search Snippet: ...Review University of Illinois Law Review 1994 Dollars and Selves: Women's Tax Criticism and Resistance in the 1870s Carolyn C. Jones... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Jenny Rivera |
Domestic Violence Against Latinas by Latino Males: an Analysis of Race, National Origin, and Gender Differentials |
14 Boston College Third World Law Journal 231 (Summer, 1994) |
After about two months he started . hitting me again. This time I was going to do something, so I told Yolanda, my best friend. She said, and I'll never forget it, So what, you think my boyfriend doesn't hit me? That's how men are. It was like I was wrong or weak because I wanted to do something about it. Last time he got mad he threatened me...; Search Snippet: ...College Third World Law Journal Summer, 1994 Domestic Violence Against Latinas by Latino Males: an Analysis of Race, National Origin, and Gender Differentials Jenny Rivera [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1994 by the Boston... |
1994 |
Hispanic/Latinx American |
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| Joellen Lind |
Dominance and Democracy: the Legacy of Woman Suffrage for the Voting Right |
5 UCLA Women's Law Journal 103 (Fall, 1994) |
L1-2Introduction 104 I. Voting and the Complex of Dominance . 110 A. The Nineteenth Century Gender System . 111 B. The Vote and the Complex of Dominance . 113 C. Political Theories About the Vote . 116 1. Two Understandings of Political Participation . 120 2. Our Federalism . 123 II. A Suffrage History Primer . 126 A. From Invisibility to...; Search Snippet: ...Possibilities for the Future Dominance and Democracy: the Legacy of Woman Suffrage for the Voting Right Joellen Lind [Fna] Copyright ©... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Theresa A. Martinez |
Embracing the Outlaws: Deviance at the Intersection of Race, Class, and Gender |
1994 Utah Law Review 193 (1994) |
I grew up the youngest of twelve children in a Chicano family living in the slums of Albuquerque, New Mexico. My father was an abusive alcoholic. My mother raised the kids by herself both before and after my older brothers kicked my father out of the house. I have memories of when I was a very little girl walking with my mother to the Salvation...; Search Snippet: ...The Outlaws: Deviance at the Intersection of Race, Class, and Gender Theresa A. Martinez [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1994 by the Utah... |
1994 |
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| Vicki C. Jackson |
Empiricism, Gender, and Legal Pedagogy: an Experiment in a Federal Courts Seminar at Georgetown University Law Center |
83 Georgetown Law Journal 461 (December, 1994) |
Over the last decade, the organized bench and bar have drawn on the insights of feminist legal theory and sociolegal research techniques to create a fascinating movement. The growing strength of this movement--to inquire into and report on the effects of gender on court systems (and, increasingly, to collaborate in similar inquiries on the effects...; Search Snippet: ...1994 Symposium: Gender, Empiricism, and the Federal Courts Essay Empiricism, Gender, and Legal Pedagogy: an Experiment in a Federal Courts Seminar... |
1994 |
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| Peter V. Lee , Sheri Porath , Joan E. Schaffner |
Engendering Social Security Disability Determinations: the Path of a Woman Claimant |
68 Tulane Law Review 1477 (June, 1994) |
I. Introduction II. Social Security Disability Programs: A Brief Overview A. The Programs B. The Disability Determination Process III. Gender and Disability Determinations: The Path of a Woman Claimant A. Initial Disability Determination 1. Step One: Substantial Gainful Activity 2. Step Two: Severity of Impairments 3. Step Three: Meet or Equal...; Search Snippet: ...1994 Engendering Social Security Disability Determinations: the Path of a Woman Claimant Peter V. Lee [Fna1] Sheri Porath [Fnaa1] Joan E... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Caroline Forell |
Essentialism, Empathy, and the Reasonable Woman |
1994 University of Illinois Law Review 769 (1994) |
The reasonable woman standard of care has been the source of considerable debate among both scholars and judges since it was first suggested as the appropriate standard for hostile environment sexual harassment claims. In this article, Professor Caroline Forell argues for a reasonable woman standard in a limited category of cases: civil cases in...; Search Snippet: ...Of Illinois Law Review 1994 Essentialism, Empathy, and the Reasonable Woman Caroline Forell [Fna] Copyright (C) 1995 Board of Trustees Of... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Anne M. Coughlin |
Excusing Women |
82 California Law Review 1 (January, 1994) |
In rare instances, the criminal law allows defendants to offer claims of excuse in order to avoid criminal responsibility. Over the past two decades, women offenders have begun to offer the battered woman syndrome defense as an excuse to a variety of crimes, ranging from homicide to fraud. While many feminist scholars have concluded that courts...; Search Snippet: ...135745 California Law Review California Law Review January, 1994 Excusing Women Anne M. Coughlin [Fnd] Copyright (C) 1994 by the California... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Melissa M. Beck |
Fairness on the Field: Amending Title Vii to Foster Greater Female Participationin Professional Sports |
12 Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 241 (1994) |
Professional sports are as much a part of American culture as apple pie, mom, and the Fourth of July. At an early age, participation in sports provides a framework in which children learn important lessons about communication, teamwork, and competition that they will carry throughout their lives. In adulthood, professional sports provide...; Search Snippet: ...Fairness on the Field: Amending Title Vii to Foster Greater Female Participationin Professional Sports [Fna1] Melissa M. Beck Copyright (C) 1993... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Nels Jacobson |
Faith, Hope & Parody: Campbell V. Acuff-rose, 'Oh, Pretty Woman,' and Parodists' Rights |
31 Houston Law Review 955 (Fall 1994) |
I. Introduction. 956 II. Background: It's Like a Jungle Sometimes. 960 A. Parody. 960 B. Rap Music and African-American Culture. 965 III. Facts of the Case: Be Mine Tonight. 973 A. Roy Orbison. 973 B. Acuff-Rose. 975 C. Luther Campbell. 977 D. Oh, Pretty Woman. 979 IV. The Sixth Circuit Holding: Girl You Know You Ain't Right. 982 A. District Court....; Search Snippet: ...Note Faith, Hope & Parody: Campbell V. Acuff-rose, Oh, Pretty Woman, and Parodists' Rights [Fna1] Nels Jacobson Copyright (C) 1994 Houston... |
1994 |
African/Black American |
Yes |
| Toni Driver |
Federal Law-civil Rights-individuals Obstructing Ingress and Egress to Abortion Facilities Do Not Violate a Woman's Federal Rights Within 42 U.s.c. § 1985 (3) |
25 Saint Mary's Law Journal 753 (1994) |
Abortion clinics, joined with groups supporting legalized abortion, sued to enjoin Operation Rescue from demonstrating at facilities in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. Abortion rights advocates premised their cause of action on state-law claims of trespass and 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3). In reviewing assertions that Operation Rescue infringed on...; Search Snippet: ...Ingress and Egress to Abortion Facilities Do Not Violate a Woman's Federal Rights Within 42 U.s.c. § 1985 (3) Toni Driver... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Jeanne-Marie Bates |
Feminist Methodology: Influencing Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment Claims |
15 Women's Rights Law Reporter 143 (Winter/Spring, 1993-1994) |
By creating causes of action for injuries that have been made invisible, they credit subjective experiences that women themselves may have come to doubt. They also allow women to sue on their own behalf, enabling them to view themselves . . . as the subjects of their own lives rather than the objects of others' constructions . . . hostile...; Search Snippet: ...Law Reporter Women's Rights Law Reporter Winter/spring, 1993-94 Feminist Methodology: Influencing Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment Claims Jeanne-marie Bates... |
1994 |
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| Harlan Hahn |
Feminist Perspectives, Disability, Sexuality and Law: New Issues and Agendas |
4 Southern California Review of Law and Women's Studies 97 (Fall 1994) |
In recent years, the mounting progress of feminist research and growing interest in disability have created major opportunities for an increased convergence between these areas of study. Several investigations have explored significant issues affecting disabled women, and attempts have even been made to develop a feminist theory of disability. In...; Search Snippet: ...Southern California Review of Law and Women's Studies Fall 1994 Feminist Perspectives, Disability, Sexuality and Law: New Issues and Agendas [Fna... |
1994 |
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| Kimberle Williams Crenshaw |
Foreword: Toward a Race-conscious Pedagogy in Legal Education |
4 Southern California Review of Law and Women's Studies 33 (Fall 1994) |
It is both an honor and a pleasure to write the Foreword for this issue of the National Black Law Journal . This project represents the culmination of a joint effort involving the NBLJ, Dean Susan Westerberg Prager and me. The project grew out of discussions that began in the Spring of 1987 in which we explored various ways that the law school...; Search Snippet: ...Small Seminar), its Make-up (All-minority), and My Identity ( African- American Female) Constituted Such a Significant Departure from the Standard Fare That... |
1994 |
African/Black American |
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| Martha S. West |
Gender Bias in Academic Robes: the Law's Failure to Protect Women Faculty |
67 Temple Law Review 67 (Spring 1994) |
Introduction . 68 I. The Current Status of Women Faculty . 71 A. Women Among PhD Recipients . 74 B. Women in Ladder Faculty Ranks . 79 C. Hiring Women Faculty . 86 D. Women's Salaries . 92 II. The Failure of Federal Employment Law to Prevent Discrimination Against Faculty Women . 93 A. The Destruction of Title VII as an Effective Remedy for Gender...; Search Snippet: ...Wl 496216 Temple Law Review Temple Law Review Spring 1994 Gender Bias in Academic Robes: the Law's Failure to Protect Women Faculty [Fnd] Martha S. West [Fna] Copyright (C) 1994 Temple... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Donna Hess |
Gender-based Peremptory Challenges: a Bad Remnant of the Historical Discrimination Against Women? |
28 Suffolk University Law Review 63 (Spring 1994) |
Gender bias in the courtroom remains a serious problem. Reflected in outmoded attitudes toward women, gender bias is based on stereotypes rather than on a consideration of each individual's experience and abilities. During the 1993 Fall Term, the Supreme Court of the United States had an opportunity to eliminate one type of gender bias in the...; Search Snippet: ...University Law Review Suffolk University Law Review Spring 1994 Note Gender-based Peremptory Challenges: a Bad Remnant of the Historical Discrimination Against Women? Donna Hess Copyright (C) 1994 Suffolk University; Donna Hess Gender... |
1994 |
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Yes |
| Elvia R. Arriola |
Gendered Inequality: Lesbians, Gays, and Feminist Legal Theory |
9 Berkeley Women's Law Journal 103 (1994) |
This article explores, from a feminist perspective, the questions of difference, equality, and sexual identity raised in discrimination claims by lesbians and gay men. Following the Supreme Court's decision in Bowers v. Hardwick, which rejected the argument that the enforcement of sodomy statutes violates an individual's right to privacy,...; Search Snippet: ...Berkeley Women's Law Journal 1994 Gendered Inequality: Lesbians, Gays, and Feminist Legal Theory Elvia R. Arriola [Fnd] Copyright (C) 1994 Berkeley... |
1994 |
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| Edith L. Pacillo |
Getting a Feminist Foot in the Courtroom Door: Media Liability for Personal Injury Caused by Pornography |
28 Suffolk University Law Review 123 (Spring 1994) |
On July 17, 1981, David Herberg forced a 14-year-old girl into his car, tied her hands with his belt, and pushed her to the floor. With his knife, he cut her clothes off, then inserted the knife into her vagina, cutting her. After driving a short distance, he forced the girl to remove his clothing, stick a safety pin in the nipple of her own...; Search Snippet: ...Review Suffolk University Law Review Spring 1994 Note Getting a Feminist Foot in the Courtroom Door: Media Liability for Personal Injury... |
1994 |
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| Marguerite Angelari |
Hate Crime Statutes: a Promising Tool for Fighting Violence Against Women |
2 American University Journal of Gender & the Law 63 (Spring, 1994) |
Many feminist theorists and advocates argue that numerous types of violent crime against women should be characterized as hate crime; that is, crime motivated by a hatred of women and a desire to control and terrorize women. As early as 1975, Susan Brownmiller argued that rape is not a crime of sex, but rather a crime of violence that preserves...; Search Snippet: ...Hate Crime Statutes: a Promising Tool for Fighting Violence Against Women Marguerite Angelari [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1994 by the American University... |
1994 |
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| Reva B. Siegel |
Home as Work: the First Woman's Rights Claims Concerning Wives' Household Labor, 1850-1880 |
103 Yale Law Journal 1073 (March, 1994) |
Introduction I. Genesis of a Rights Discourse A. The Law of Marital Property in the Antebellum Era B. Women's Household Labor in the Antebellum Era C. Ideological Sources of Joint Property Advocacy 1. Utopian Communitarianism 2. Abolitionism and Political Antislavery 3. The Roots of Woman's Rights in Separate Spheres Ideology II. Joint Property...; Search Snippet: ...Yale Law Journal March, 1994 Home as Work: the First Woman's Rights Claims Concerning Wives' Household Labor, 1850-1880 Reva B... |
1994 |
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| Jessica Collins |
Iii. Constitutional Law |
53 Maryland Law Review 683 (1994) |
In Tyler v. State, the Court of Appeals held that a prosecutor could not use peremptory challenges to exclude a person from jury service because of that person's gender. In so holding, the court relied on state constitutional law to justify extending the Supreme Court's holding in Batson v. Kentucky, which prohibits racially motivated peremptory...; Search Snippet: ...Maryland Law, 1992-93 Iii. Constitutional Law B. Prohibition of Gender-based Peremptory Challenges Jessica Collins Copyright (C) 1994 Maryland Law... |
1994 |
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