AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearEthnicity in Title or SummaryGender in Title or Summary
Judith A. Winston Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Title Vii, Section 1981, and the Intersection of Race and Gender in the Civil Rights Act of 1990 79 California Law Review 775 (May, 1991) The Civil Rights Act of 1990 was introduced in the United States Senate and House of Representatives on February 7, 1990. The two companion bills were aimed at overturning a series of 1989 Supreme Court decisions that created roadblocks for people of color and women alleging employment discrimination under title VII of the Civil Rights Act of...; Search Snippet: ...Title Vii, Section 1981, and the Intersection of Race and Gender in the Civil Rights Act of 1990 Judith A. Winston... 1991    
Judith Resnik Naturally Without Gender: Women, Jurisdiction, and the Federal Courts 66 New York University Law Review 1682 (December, 1991) For many years, women who work (or who have tried to work) with law and in courts have understood that their gender was relevant to that work. However, until recently, those who run the courts to which women have sought entry have not been interested in the effects of women on courts and of courts on women. Below, Professor Resnik explores the...; Search Snippet: ...Celebration: a Tradition of Women in the Law Naturally Without Gender: Women, Jurisdiction, and the Federal Courts Judith Resnik [Fna] Copyright ©... 1991   Yes
Maria O'Brien Hylton Parental Leaves and Poor Women: Paying the Price for Time off 52 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 475 (Winter, 1991) This Article presents a critique of unpaid parental leaves and the parental leave legislation recently passed by Congress. Eight states have already enacted parental leave statutes of various kinds. For the sake of simplicity and uniformity, however, this Article focuses on the proposed federal legislation and its anticipated effects on...; Search Snippet: ...Of Pittsburgh Law Review Winter, 1991 Parental Leaves and Poor Women: Paying the Price for Time off Maria O'brien Hylton [Fna... 1991   Yes
Dorothy E. Roberts Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality, and the Right of Privacy 104 Harvard Law Review 1419 (May, 1991) Women increasingly face criminal charges for giving birth to infants who test positive for drugs. Most of the women prosecuted are poor, Black, and addicted to crack cocaine. In this Article, Professor Roberts seeks to add the perspective of poor Black women to the current debate over protecting fetal rights at the expense of women's rights. Based...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review May, 1991 Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality, and the Right of Privacy Dorothy E... 1991 African/Black American Yes
Deborah J. Krauss Regulating Women's Bodies: the Adverse Effect of Fetal Rights Theory on Childbirth Decisions and Women of Color 26 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 523 (Summer, 1991) In the name of fetal rights, lawyers and doctors throughout the country are taking actions that not only violate the rights of pregnant women, but also threaten the well-being of their fetuses and children. This Note will examine two aspects of the trend toward curtailing women's autonomy during pregnancy in the name of what some perceive to be...; Search Snippet: ...Civil Rights-civil Liberties Law Review Summer, 1991 Note Regulating Women's Bodies: the Adverse Effect of Fetal Rights Theory on Childbirth Decisions and Women of Color Deborah J. Krauss Copyright 1991 by the President... 1991   Yes
Sharon Angella Allard Rethinking Battered Woman Syndrome: a Black Feminist Perspective 1 UCLA Women's Law Journal 191 (Spring, 1991) The plight of battered women gained national attention when Farrah Fawcett portrayed a battered spouse in the television movie The Burning Bed. The program depicted the physical and psychological torture that leads a battered woman to take the life of her batterer, and the subsequent legal challenges she faces when claiming self-defense in response...; Search Snippet: ...Journal Ucla Women's Law Journal Spring, 1991 Essay Rethinking Battered Woman Syndrome: a Black Feminist Perspective Sharon Angella Allard [Fna] Copyright (C) 1991 by The... 1991 African/Black American Yes
Peggie R. Smith Separate Identities: Black Women, Work, and Title Vii 14 Harvard Women's Law Journal 21 (Spring, 1991) No other group in America has so had their identity socialized out of existence as have black women. We are rarely recognized as a group separate and distinct from black men, or as a present part of the larger group women in this culture . . . . When black people are talked about the focus tends to be on black men; and when women are talked about...; Search Snippet: ...Journal Harvard Women's Law Journal Spring, 1991 Separate Identities: Black Women, Work, and Title Vii Peggie R. Smith [Fna] Copyright 1991... 1991 African/Black American Yes
Deborah L. Rhode The "No-problem" Problem: Feminist Challenges and Cultural Change 100 Yale Law Journal 1731 (April, 1991) I. INTRODUCTION II. THE DENIAL OF INJUSTICE A. The Historical Legacy 1. Traditional Assumptions 2. Legal Norms 3. Feminist Responses B. Contemporary Frameworks 1. The Cultural Context 2. Conservative Ideology: Religious and Sociobiological Premises 3. Gender Bias: Academic and Employment Settings III. THE DENIAL OF INEQUALITY A. The Embrace of...; Search Snippet: ...Yale Law Journal April, 1991 Essay the No-problem Problem: Feminist Challenges and Cultural Change Deborah L. Rhode [Fna] Copyright 1991... 1991    
Carrie Menkel-Meadow, Shari Seidman Diamond The Content, Method, and Epistemology of Gender in Sociolegal Studies 25 Law and Society Review 221 (1991) This Special Issue of the Law & Society Review devoted to gender and sociolegal studies focuses on one of the major political movements and intellectual challenges to the social sciences in the last years of the twentieth century. The collection of articles explores some of the controversies that a focus on gender has raised and provides an...; Search Snippet: ...Society Review 1991 Introduction the Content, Method, and Epistemology of Gender in Sociolegal Studies Carrie Menkel-meadow Shari Seidman Diamond Copyright... 1991    
Herma Hill Kay The Future of Women Law Professors 77 Iowa Law Review 5 (October, 1991) Women began teaching law so that other women could learn law. The first women to instruct law students were practitioners who accepted women to study in their law offices. In 1896, Ellen Spencer Mussy and Emma Gillett offered a series of part-time courses to three women students in Mussy's law office in the District of Columbia. At the time, only...; Search Snippet: ...October, 1991 Symposium: the Voices of Women the Future of Women Law Professors Herma Hill Kay [Fna] Copyright (C) 1991 By... 1991   Yes
Carla Christofferson Tribal Courts' Failure to Protect Native American Women: a Reevaluation of the Indian Civil Rights Act 101 Yale Law Journal 169 (October, 1991) Congress has always exercised control over Native American peoples through its plenary powers. In 1968, that control took the form of the Indian Civil Rights Act (ICRA). The ICRA represents a congressional decision to limit Native American sovereignty by setting forth an Indian Bill of Rights that applies to Native American tribes. It is Congress'...; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal October, 1991 Note Tribal Courts' Failure to Protect Native American Women: a Reevaluation of the Indian Civil Rights Act Carla Christofferson... 1991 American Indian/Alaskan Native Yes
E. Christi Cunningham Unmaddening: a Response to Angela Harris 4 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 155 (Fall, 1991) Angela Harris, in her article Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory, asserts a theory of multiple consciousness in which Black women are composed of partial, contradictory, or antithetical selves. She defines essentialism as the idea that there is an essential women's experience that can be isolated from other aspects of experience. In...; Search Snippet: ...Contradictory, or Even Antithetical Selves. [Fn4] Harris Would Say That Women of Color Are Multiplicitous, Speaking in Many Voices, Because in Addition to Being Female, We Are Also Black, [Fn5] or Native American, or Poor, or Latina, or Lesbian. Mari Matsuda Describes Multivoicedness as this Constant Shifting... 1991 Multipe Groups  
G. Chezia Carraway Violence Against Women of Color 43 Stanford Law Review 1301 (July, 1991) I experienced a great deal of anxiety in preparing the text for this presentation. I have spent a great deal of my professional career and personal life being the only woman of color and educating everyone else about issues vital to us as women of color. I have educated others about how to avoid violence, trained people to assist others in coping...; Search Snippet: ...Conference on Women of Color and the Law Violence Against Women of Color G. Chezia Carraway [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1993 By... 1991   Yes
Megan R. Golden When Pregnancy Discrimination Is Gender Discrimination: the Constitutionality of Excluding Pregnant Women from Drug Treatment Programs 66 New York University Law Review 1832 (December, 1991) On October 27, 1989, a twenty-one-year-old New York City woman who was four months pregnant contacted St. Barnabas Hospital. Concerned that her alcohol use could cause birth defects to her fetus and health risks to herself, she sought admission to its inpatient alcohol detoxification program. Hospital personnel told her that they did not admit...; Search Snippet: ...Of Women in the Law Note When Pregnancy Discrimination Is Gender Discrimination: the Constitutionality of Excluding Pregnant Women from Drug Treatment Programs Megan R. Golden Copyright (C) 1991... 1991   Yes
Susan Christian Woman (Modified) 4 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 171 (Fall, 1991) Justice means children with full bellies sleeping in warm beds under clean sheets. Justice means no lynchings, no rapes. Justice means access to a livelihood. It means control over one's own body. These kinds of concrete and substantive visions of justice flow naturally from the experience of oppression. Justice has been the demand of most...; Search Snippet: ...Law and Feminism Yale Journal of Law & Feminism Fall, 1991 Woman (Modified) Susan Christian [Fnd1] Copyright (C) 1991 by the Yale... 1991   Yes
Judy Scales-Trent Women of Color and Health: Issues of Gender, Community, and Power 43 Stanford Law Review 1357 (July, 1991) America is the land of modern medical technology, skilled surgeons, miracle medicines, and state-of-the-art medical facilities. It is also the land where access to even adequate health care is not available to all. In this article, I will look at the health issues that affect women of color, a group of Americans disfavored by virtue of their sex...; Search Snippet: ...Third National Conference on Women of Color and the Law Women of Color and Health: Issues of Gender, Community, and Power Judy Scales-trent [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1993... 1991   Yes
June K. Inuzaka Women of Color and Public Policy: a Case Study of the Women's Business Ownership Act 43 Stanford Law Review 1215 (July, 1991) [T]he most difficult challenge facing the activist is to respond fully to the needs of the moment and to do so in such a way that the light one attempts to shine on the present will simultaneously illuminate the future. This essay is a personal work based on my experiences as an attorney and woman of color working in the national feminist community...; Search Snippet: ...Third National Conference on Women of Color and the Law Women of Color and Public Policy: a Case Study of the Women's Business Ownership Act June K. Inuzaka [Fna1] Copyright (C) 1993... 1991   Yes
Adelaide H. Villmoare Women, Differences, and Rights as Practices: an Interpretive Essay and a Proposal 25 Law and Society Review 385 (1991) This essay argues that feminist rights analysis should broaden and diversify its reach to include the rights talk from the everyday lives of all sorts of different womento look at women's rights at least in part as practices. Women's practices within particular, local contexts become crucial to feminist interpretations of rights because here women...; Search Snippet: ...Law and Society Review Law and Society Review 1991 Article Women, Differences, and Rights as Practices: an Interpretive Essay and A... 1991   Yes
Wendy Olson Beyond Title Ix: Toward an Agenda for Women and Sports in the 1990's 3 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 105 (Fall, 1990) When I was eight years old, I tucked my braided pigtails under a blue and red baseball cap, reasoning with all of my third-grade wisdom that the disguise would hide my gender, grabbed my Tony Oliva autographed glove and jumped in the family Wagoneer to go to the baseball park. The early April temperatures were climbing into the 50's in Pocatello,...; Search Snippet: ...Feminism Fall, 1990 Beyond Title Ix: Toward an Agenda for Women and Sports in the 1990's Wendy Olson [Fna] Copyright 1991... 1990   Yes
  Brief of Amici Curiae Now Legal Defense and Education Fund and 117 Organizations Committed to Women's Equality in Support of the Petitioners: Rust V. Sullivan 3 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 161 (Fall, 1990) In 1970, Congress enacted Title X, which authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services to make grants to public and private organizations for the operation of family planning projects. According to one estimate, Title X projects provide services to an estimated 14.5 million women; of these women, nearly one third are adolescents, and 90%...; Search Snippet: ...Legal Defense and Education Fund and 117 Organizations Committed to Women's Equality in Support of the Petitioners: Rust V. Sullivan Copyright... 1990   Yes
Victor L. Streib Death Penalty for Female Offenders 58 University of Cincinnati Law Review 845 (1990) [H]e found it difficult to reconcile himself to the task of destroying the life of a member of the sex which his whole upbringing had taught him was deserving of respect and tenderness as the giver of life. Execute women? Even girls? Yes, we do and always have, but this rare practice seems to be becoming even rarer. As we invest more and more time,...; Search Snippet: ...Review University of Cincinnati Law Review 1990 Death Penalty for Female Offenders [Fna] Victor L. Streib [Fnaa] Copyright 1990 by The... 1990   Yes
Jere W. Morehead Exploring the Frontiers of Batson V. Kentucky: Should the Safeguards of Equal Protection Extend to Gender? 14 American Journal of Trial Advocacy 289 (Fall, 1990) The petit jury has occupied a central position in our system of justice by safeguarding a person accused of crime against the arbitrary exercise of power by prosecutor or judge. During the five years since the Supreme Court's decision in Batson v. Kentucky, lower courts have struggled with a burgeoning list of questions regarding the proper use of...; Search Snippet: ...V. Kentucky: Should the Safeguards of Equal Protection Extend to Gender? Jere W. Morehead [Fna] Copyright 1991 by the American Journal... 1990    
Ann E. Freedman Feminist Legal Method in Action: Challenging Racism, Sexism and Homophobia in Law School 24 Georgia Law Review 849 (Summer, 1990) This is a feminist empowerment story. It describes the application of feminist legal method in my life and the lives of my students. Moreover, on the basis of our experiences, it urges that acknowledgement and healing of the traumas of racism, sexism and homophobia become an explicit component of that method. As recently explicated by Kate...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Georgia Law Review Summer, 1990 Feminist Jurisprudence Symposium Feminist Legal Method in Action: Challenging Racism, Sexism and Homophobia In... 1990    
Martha I. Morgan Founding Mothers: Women's Voices and Stories in the 1987 Nicaraguan Constitution 70 Boston University Law Review 1 (January, 1990) INTRODUCTION. 2 I. THE VOICES AND THE CONTEXT. 6 A. The Latin American Context. 6 B. Nicaraguan Women's Voices. 11 II. THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS. 20 A. Drafting and Adoption. 20 B. Implementation. 27 III. WOMEN'S STORIES IN THE MOTHER LAW. 29 A. Equality. 31 1. General and Political Equality. 32 2. Equality Within the Family and the Home. 34 3....; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Boston University Law Review January, 1990 Founding Mothers: Women's Voices and Stories in the 1987 Nicaraguan Constitution Martha I... 1990 Hispanic/Latinx American Yes
Michelle M. Benecke , Kirstin S. Dodge Military Women in Nontraditional Fields: Casualties of the Armed Forces' War on Homosexuals 13 Harvard Women's Law Journal 215 (1990) Military men, from the bottom ranks to the top, don't want women in their midst and the most expedient way to get rid of womenwhether they be Gay women or married heterosexuals with childrenis to pin them with the label Lesbian. Where sexism and homophobia meet, you get a viciousness the likes of which you have never seen. Women's involvement...; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal Harvard Women's Law Journal 1990 Recent Development Military Women in Nontraditional Fields: Casualties of the Armed Forces' War On... 1990   Yes
Barbara J. Cox Refocusing Abortion Jurisprudence to Include the Woman: a Response to Bopp and Coleson and Webster V. Reproductive Health Services 1990 Utah Law Review 543 (1990) James Bopp, Jr. and Richard E. Coleson condemn Roe v. Wade and its progeny in their article entitled The Right to Abortion: Anomalous, Absolute, and Ripe for Reversal. They make their case against a woman's constitutional right to choose an abortion by focusing exclusively on the state's and the fetus' interests. Unfortunately, one interest is...; Search Snippet: ...Utah Law Review 1990 Refocusing Abortion Jurisprudence to Include the Woman: a Response to Bopp and Coleson and Webster V. Reproductive... 1990   Yes
Elizabeth Rapaport Some Questions about Gender and the Death Penalty 20 Golden Gate University Law Review 501 (Fall, 1990) [T]hat Mrs. Spinelli's execution would be repulsive to the people of California; that no woman in her right mind could commit the crime charged to her; that the execution of a woman would hurt California in the eyes of the world; that both the law and the will of the people were against the execution; that Mrs. Spinelli, as the mother of three...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Fall, 1990 Women's Law Forum Some Questions about Gender and the Death Penalty Elizabeth Rapaport [Fna] Copyright 1990 By... 1990    
Vicki Schultz Telling Stories about Women and Work: Judicial Interpretations of Sex Segregation in the Workplace in Title Vii Cases Raising the Lack of Interest Argument 103 Harvard Law Review 1749 (June, 1990) PAGE I. INTRODUCTION. 1750 II. THE CONTEXT FOR THE STUDY. 1758 A. Supreme Court Decisions Addressing the Lack of Interest Argument. 1759 B. Methodology. 1766 III. THE JUDICIAL FRAMEWORK FOR INTERPRETING SEX SEGREGATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF HOW THE COURTS HAVE DRAWN THE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN COERCION AND CHOICE'. 1769 A. Early Race Discrimination...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Harvard Law Review June, 1990 Telling Stories about Women and Work: Judicial Interpretations of Sex Segregation in the Workplace... 1990   Yes
Elvia R. Arriola What's the Big Deal? Women in the New York City Construction Industry and Sexual Harassment Law, 1970-1985 22 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 21 (Fall, 1990) Boys will be boys, responded Cynthia Long's employer, who was also her instructor at the Apex Technical School in New York City. Long had just described to him how the male co-worker whom she assisted in repairing an industrial air conditioner on an isolated rooftop had grabbed her from behind, turned her around and kissed her. The incident...; Search Snippet: ...Human Rights Law Review Fall, 1990 What's the Big Deal? Women in the New York City Construction Industry and Sexual Harassment... 1990   Yes
Taunya Lovell Banks Women and Aids -- Racism, Sexism, and Classism 17 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 351 (1989/1990) Introduction I. Medical Background and Public Health Issues II. HIV Testing and Screening Methodologies III. A History of Racist Medicine IV. A Critique of Policies for Stemming Perinatal Transmission of HIV A. Prenatal Screening 1. In General 2. HIV Prenatal Screening B. Directive Counseling 1. In General 2. HIV Directive Counseling V. Privacy...; Search Snippet: ...York University Review of Law and Social Change 1989/1990 Women and Aids -- Racism, Sexism, and Classism Taunya Lovell Banks [Fna... 1990   Yes
Elizabeth R. OuYang Women with Disabilities in the Work Force: Outlook for the 1990's 13 Harvard Women's Law Journal 13 (1990) Sara L. is a mildly retarded woman with various learning disabilities. She has worked several part-time clerical jobs operating copying machines and delivering internal office mail. Because of the nature of her disability, she is unable to obtain a driver's license. She applied twice for a full-time clerk position in a state agency that involved...; Search Snippet: ...320088 Harvard Womens Law Journal Harvard Women's Law Journal 1990 Women with Disabilities in the Work Force: Outlook for the 1990's... 1990   Yes
Judy Scales-Trent Black Women and the Constitution: Finding Our Place; Asserting Our Rights 24 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 9 (Winter, 1989) The economic, political, and social situation of black women in America is bad, and has been bad for a long time. Historically, they have borne both the disabilities of blacks and the disabilities which inhere in their status as women. These two statuses have often combined in ways which are not only additive, but synergisticthat is, they create a...; Search Snippet: ...1989 Voices of Experience: New Response to Gender Discourse Black Women and the Constitution: Finding Our Place; Asserting Our Rights Judy... 1989 African/Black American Yes
Cathy Scarborough Conceptualizing Black Women's Employment Experiences 98 Yale Law Journal 1457 (May, 1989) For me to think about racism and sexism meant I had to pull myself together and look at myself as one person under a law that separates me into my woman being and into my Black being. Kimberlé Crenshaw Black women in America have always been workersas slaves, farmers, domestics, skilled and unskilled laborers, and even, in small numbers, as...; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal Yale Law Journal May, 1989 Note Conceptualizing Black Women's Employment Experiences Cathy Scarborough Copyright 1989 the Yale Law Journal... 1989 African/Black American Yes
Victor L. Streib , Lynn Sametz Executing Female Juveniles 22 Connecticut Law Review Rev. 3 (Fall, 1989) [T]he fatal, the tremendous sentence which puts a period to the life of one, who had never learned to live. Reverend H. Channing The history and evolution of capital punishment in the United States has been carefully documented by scholars and chronicled by the courts. While almost every issue of concern has been explored, one has been ignoredthe...; Search Snippet: ...272699 Connecticut Law Review Connecticut Law Review Fall, 1989 Executing Female Juveniles [Fna] Victor L. Streib [Fnaa] Lynn Sametz [Fnaaa] Copyright... 1989   Yes
Frances Olsen Feminist Theory in Grand Style 89 Columbia Law Review 1147 (June, 1989) MacKinnon has done it again. As with her Sexual Harassment of Working Women, Catharine MacKinnon's second book, Feminism Unmodified, is destined to be an enormously influential work. Just as a striking percentage of the ideas in the feminist legal writing of the past ten years originated with MacKinnon's first book, ideas from her second are...; Search Snippet: ...Columbia Law Review Columbia Law Review June, 1989 Book Review Feminist Theory in Grand Style Feminism Unmodified. By Catharine A. Mackinnon... 1989    
Dawn Johnsen From Driving to Drugs: Governmental Regulation of Pregnant Women's Lives after Webster 138 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 179 (November, 1989) The United States Supreme Court's July 3, 1989 decision in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, generated increased debate in the courts, the press, and the legislatures about not only the right of women to choose to have an abortion, but also about the related, more general issue whether the law should ever recognize the fetus as an entity...; Search Snippet: ...Health Services from Driving to Drugs: Governmental Regulation of Pregnant Women's Lives after Webster Dawn Johnsen [Fnp] Copyright 1989 by The... 1989   Yes
Amy E. Hirsch Income Deeming in the Afdc Program: Using Dual Track Family Law to Make Poor Women Poorer 16 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 713 (1988-1989) I. Deeming of Income in the AFDC Program A. Stepparent Deeming B. Grandparent Deeming C. Sibling Deeming II. The Caretaker Option A. Who Used the Caretaker Option B. Child Support C. The Decision-Making Process III. Effects of the Sibling Deeming Amendment A. Loss of Income, Increased Harassment B. Loss of Control, Increased Confusion C. Narrowing...; Search Snippet: ...Afdc Program: Using Dual Track Family Law to Make Poor Women Poorer Amy E. Hirsch [Fna] Copyright 1989 by the New... 1989   Yes
N. Morrison Torrey Indirect Discrimination under Title Vii: Expanding Male Standing to Sue for Injuries Received as a Result of Employer Discrimination Against Females 64 Washington Law Review 365 (April, 1989) Historically, both men and women have had the right to seek redress under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for injuries they have received as a result of sex discrimination. In recent years, the federal circuits have split on whether to give men standing in one particular category of such cases: employment discrimination cases...; Search Snippet: ...For Injuries Received as a Result of Employer Discrimination Against Females N. Morrison Torrey [Fna] Copyright 1989 by the Washington Law... 1989   Yes
Leslie Bender Sex Discrimination or Gender Inequality? 57 Fordham Law Review 941 (May, 1989) Judge Judith Kaye, in her October 1988 Noreen E. McNamara Memorial Lecture, took on the big Wall Street law firms. She praised the progress that these firms have made in the last thirty-five years by increasing the numbers of women in their ranks. She gave us statistics and stories about women in big firms, and after carefully setting the stage and...; Search Snippet: ...Essay Gender Equality in the Legal Profession Sex Discrimination or Gender Inequality? [Fna1] Leslie Bender [Fnaa1] Copyright 1989 by Leslie Bender... 1989    
Eileen Boris The Power of Motherhood: Black and White Activist Women Redefine the "Political" 2 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 25 (Fall, 1989) Yes, it is the great mother-heart reaching out to save her children from war, famine and pestilence; from death, degradation and destruction, that induces her to demand Votes for Women, knowing well that fundamentally it is really a campaign for Votes for Children. - [Mrs.] Carrie W. Clifford, Honorary President of the Federation of Colored...; Search Snippet: ...Fall, 1989 the Power of Motherhood: Black and White Activist Women Redefine the Political Eileen Boris [Fnd1] Copyright (C) 1989 By... 1989 African/Black American Yes
Nancy E. Dowd Work and Family: the Gender Paradox and the Limitations of Discrimination Analysis in Restructuring the Workplace 24 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 79 (Winter, 1989) Talk about work and family is assumed to be women's talk. It is talk about women's lives, our experiences, our feelings. Talk about work and family is tied to women's entry into the workforce and the concomitant redefinition of ourselves and our roles. It is also talk about responsibility and conflict, the conflict between work and family. In the...; Search Snippet: ...Experience: New Response to Gender Discourse Work and Family: the Gender Paradox and the Limitations of Discrimination Analysis in Restructuring The... 1989    
Deborah L. Rhode Occupational Inequality 1988 Duke Law Journal 1207 (December, 1988) For economists in the 1970s, Leviticus 27:3 was a familiar text. Its teaching, as reported in innumerable scholarly and popular articles, was that women of working age in Biblical times were valued at thirty silver shekels and men at fifty. After 2000 years, that ratio had not fundamentally changed. The difference, however, was that for the first...; Search Snippet: ...Of These Issues Also Appears in D. Rhode, Justice and Gender (Forthcoming, 1989) and Rhode, Perspectives on Professional Women , 40 Stan. L. Rev. 1163 (1988) Professor of Law... 1988    
Deborah L. Rhode Perspectives on Professional Women 40 Stanford Law Review 1163 (May, 1988) I. THE HISTORICAL BACKDROP. 1164 A. The Argumentative Terrain. 1166 B. Occupational Patterns. 1173 C. The Reassessment of Roles. 1175 II. OCCUPATIONAL INEQUALITY. 1178 A. Legal Developments. 1178 B. Individual, Institutional, and Ideological Constraints. 1181 1. Socialization patterns. 1181 2. Institutional constraints. 1185 3. Gender stereotypes...; Search Snippet: ...Review May, 1988 Gender and the Law Perspectives on Professional Women Deborah L. Rhode [Fna] Copyright 1988 by the Board Of... 1988   Yes
Anne Leiby The Female Merit Policy in Steele V. Fcc: 'A Whim Leading to a Better World?' 37 American University Law Review 379 (Winter, 1988) The responsibility of issuing radio and television broadcast licenses rests with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). To select among competing applicants, the FCC weighs the relevant criteria of each applicant in a comparative broadcast hearing. Recently, the criteria considered by the FCC has caused significant debate. This debate focuses...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review American University Law Review Winter, 1988 Comment the Female Merit Policy in Steele V. Fcc: a Whim Leading To... 1988   Yes
Richard H. Chused The Hiring and Retention of Minorities and Women on American Law School Faculties 137 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 537 (December, 1988) At the request of the Society of American Law Teachers (SALT), I updated a SALT-sponsored survey of law school faculty composition for the 1980-81 academic year by adding data from the 1986-87 school year. The new study also includes a first look at departure rates of women and minority faculty members between 1981 and 1987. Faculty members at...; Search Snippet: ...Review December, 1988 the Hiring and Retention of Minorities and Women on American Law School Faculties Richard H. Chused [Fnp] Copyright... 1988   Yes
Catherine Weiss , Louise Melling The Legal Education of Twenty Women 40 Stanford Law Review 1299 (May, 1988) Powerful men made American law and American law schools by and for themselves. While law faculties and the legal profession remain overwhelmingly male, law schools are admitting increasing numbers of women. Many of these women find legal education alienating. This essay documents the experiences of twenty women in the Yale Law School class of 1987...; Search Snippet: ...Gender and the Law: Essay the Legal Education of Twenty Women Catherine Weiss [Fna] Louise Melling [Fnaa] Copyright 1988 by The... 1988   Yes
George W. Crockett, Jr. The Summer of '64 15-Fall Human Rights 14 (Fall, 1988) The 20th century has seen great changes in the status of black Americans in our societynot because of changes in the Constitution of our land, but because of fundamental changes in the interpretation and implementation of that Constitution. Although the Constitution was written two centuries ago, it has no life or meaning for black Americans until...; Search Snippet: ...Constitution. The Summer of '64 When Young American Men and Women Fought and Smiled, Struggled and Died, and Won, in America... 1988 African/Black American  
Marina Angel Women in Legal Education: What It's like to Be Part of a Perpetual First Wave or the Case of the Disappearing Women 61 Temple Law Review 799 (Fall, 1988) When I began my research in preparation for the hearings of the American Bar Association Commission on Women in the Profession, I quickly realized that I have been consistently a part of the first wave of women attempting to climb the ladder of legal education. This article, which grew out of my testimony before the ABA Commission, will include my...; Search Snippet: ...Wl 340516 Temple Law Review Temple Law Review Fall, 1988 Women in Legal Education: What It's like to Be Part Of... 1988   Yes
Susan T. Epstein Women in the Firehouse: the Second Circuit Upholds a Gender-biased Firefighters' Examination 54 Brooklyn Law Review 511 (Summer, 1988) Firefighting has traditionally been a male occupation. Indeed, prior to the passage of the 1972 Amendments to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), women were prohibited from joining the ranks of the New York City Fire Department. Although the absolute bar to hiring has now been eliminated, the department's use of rank-order...; Search Snippet: ...1988 the Second Circuit Review1986-1987 Term Employment Law Women in the Firehouse: the Second Circuit Upholds a Gender-biased Firefighters' Examination Berkman V. City of New York [Fna... 1988   Yes
John R. Read Thomas V. Anchorage Telephone Utility: Alaska Tackles Gender-based Wage Discrimination 4 Alaska Law Review 71 (June, 1987) In 1975, after weeks of negotiation, the Anchorage Telephone Utility (ATU) and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) reached a compromise on new pay increases for employees of the telephone utility. Electricians, draftsmen, and other ATU plant force personnel received a forty-five percent pay raise, while traffic,...; Search Snippet: ...June, 1987 Note Thomas V. Anchorage Telephone Utility : Alaska Tackles Gender-based Wage Discrimination John R. Read Copyright 1987 by Alaska... 1987 American Indian/Alaskan Native  
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