AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearEthnicity in Title or SummaryGender in Title or Summary
Victor L. Streib Death Penalty for Female Offenders 58 University of Cincinnati Law Review 845 (1990) [H]e found it difficult to reconcile himself to the task of destroying the life of a member of the sex which his whole upbringing had taught him was deserving of respect and tenderness as the giver of life. Execute women? Even girls? Yes, we do and always have, but this rare practice seems to be becoming even rarer. As we invest more and more time,...; Search Snippet: ...Review University of Cincinnati Law Review 1990 Death Penalty for Female Offenders [Fna] Victor L. Streib [Fnaa] Copyright 1990 by The... 1990   Yes
Jere W. Morehead Exploring the Frontiers of Batson V. Kentucky: Should the Safeguards of Equal Protection Extend to Gender? 14 American Journal of Trial Advocacy 289 (Fall, 1990) The petit jury has occupied a central position in our system of justice by safeguarding a person accused of crime against the arbitrary exercise of power by prosecutor or judge. During the five years since the Supreme Court's decision in Batson v. Kentucky, lower courts have struggled with a burgeoning list of questions regarding the proper use of...; Search Snippet: ...V. Kentucky: Should the Safeguards of Equal Protection Extend to Gender? Jere W. Morehead [Fna] Copyright 1991 by the American Journal... 1990    
Ann E. Freedman Feminist Legal Method in Action: Challenging Racism, Sexism and Homophobia in Law School 24 Georgia Law Review 849 (Summer, 1990) This is a feminist empowerment story. It describes the application of feminist legal method in my life and the lives of my students. Moreover, on the basis of our experiences, it urges that acknowledgement and healing of the traumas of racism, sexism and homophobia become an explicit component of that method. As recently explicated by Kate...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Georgia Law Review Summer, 1990 Feminist Jurisprudence Symposium Feminist Legal Method in Action: Challenging Racism, Sexism and Homophobia In... 1990    
Martha I. Morgan Founding Mothers: Women's Voices and Stories in the 1987 Nicaraguan Constitution 70 Boston University Law Review 1 (January, 1990) INTRODUCTION. 2 I. THE VOICES AND THE CONTEXT. 6 A. The Latin American Context. 6 B. Nicaraguan Women's Voices. 11 II. THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS. 20 A. Drafting and Adoption. 20 B. Implementation. 27 III. WOMEN'S STORIES IN THE MOTHER LAW. 29 A. Equality. 31 1. General and Political Equality. 32 2. Equality Within the Family and the Home. 34 3....; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Boston University Law Review January, 1990 Founding Mothers: Women's Voices and Stories in the 1987 Nicaraguan Constitution Martha I... 1990 Hispanic/Latinx American Yes
Michelle M. Benecke , Kirstin S. Dodge Military Women in Nontraditional Fields: Casualties of the Armed Forces' War on Homosexuals 13 Harvard Women's Law Journal 215 (1990) Military men, from the bottom ranks to the top, don't want women in their midst and the most expedient way to get rid of womenwhether they be Gay women or married heterosexuals with childrenis to pin them with the label Lesbian. Where sexism and homophobia meet, you get a viciousness the likes of which you have never seen. Women's involvement...; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal Harvard Women's Law Journal 1990 Recent Development Military Women in Nontraditional Fields: Casualties of the Armed Forces' War On... 1990   Yes
Barbara J. Cox Refocusing Abortion Jurisprudence to Include the Woman: a Response to Bopp and Coleson and Webster V. Reproductive Health Services 1990 Utah Law Review 543 (1990) James Bopp, Jr. and Richard E. Coleson condemn Roe v. Wade and its progeny in their article entitled The Right to Abortion: Anomalous, Absolute, and Ripe for Reversal. They make their case against a woman's constitutional right to choose an abortion by focusing exclusively on the state's and the fetus' interests. Unfortunately, one interest is...; Search Snippet: ...Utah Law Review 1990 Refocusing Abortion Jurisprudence to Include the Woman: a Response to Bopp and Coleson and Webster V. Reproductive... 1990   Yes
Elizabeth Rapaport Some Questions about Gender and the Death Penalty 20 Golden Gate University Law Review 501 (Fall, 1990) [T]hat Mrs. Spinelli's execution would be repulsive to the people of California; that no woman in her right mind could commit the crime charged to her; that the execution of a woman would hurt California in the eyes of the world; that both the law and the will of the people were against the execution; that Mrs. Spinelli, as the mother of three...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Fall, 1990 Women's Law Forum Some Questions about Gender and the Death Penalty Elizabeth Rapaport [Fna] Copyright 1990 By... 1990    
Vicki Schultz Telling Stories about Women and Work: Judicial Interpretations of Sex Segregation in the Workplace in Title Vii Cases Raising the Lack of Interest Argument 103 Harvard Law Review 1749 (June, 1990) PAGE I. INTRODUCTION. 1750 II. THE CONTEXT FOR THE STUDY. 1758 A. Supreme Court Decisions Addressing the Lack of Interest Argument. 1759 B. Methodology. 1766 III. THE JUDICIAL FRAMEWORK FOR INTERPRETING SEX SEGREGATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF HOW THE COURTS HAVE DRAWN THE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN COERCION AND CHOICE'. 1769 A. Early Race Discrimination...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Harvard Law Review June, 1990 Telling Stories about Women and Work: Judicial Interpretations of Sex Segregation in the Workplace... 1990   Yes
Elvia R. Arriola What's the Big Deal? Women in the New York City Construction Industry and Sexual Harassment Law, 1970-1985 22 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 21 (Fall, 1990) Boys will be boys, responded Cynthia Long's employer, who was also her instructor at the Apex Technical School in New York City. Long had just described to him how the male co-worker whom she assisted in repairing an industrial air conditioner on an isolated rooftop had grabbed her from behind, turned her around and kissed her. The incident...; Search Snippet: ...Human Rights Law Review Fall, 1990 What's the Big Deal? Women in the New York City Construction Industry and Sexual Harassment... 1990   Yes
Taunya Lovell Banks Women and Aids -- Racism, Sexism, and Classism 17 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 351 (1989/1990) Introduction I. Medical Background and Public Health Issues II. HIV Testing and Screening Methodologies III. A History of Racist Medicine IV. A Critique of Policies for Stemming Perinatal Transmission of HIV A. Prenatal Screening 1. In General 2. HIV Prenatal Screening B. Directive Counseling 1. In General 2. HIV Directive Counseling V. Privacy...; Search Snippet: ...York University Review of Law and Social Change 1989/1990 Women and Aids -- Racism, Sexism, and Classism Taunya Lovell Banks [Fna... 1990   Yes
Elizabeth R. OuYang Women with Disabilities in the Work Force: Outlook for the 1990's 13 Harvard Women's Law Journal 13 (1990) Sara L. is a mildly retarded woman with various learning disabilities. She has worked several part-time clerical jobs operating copying machines and delivering internal office mail. Because of the nature of her disability, she is unable to obtain a driver's license. She applied twice for a full-time clerk position in a state agency that involved...; Search Snippet: ...320088 Harvard Womens Law Journal Harvard Women's Law Journal 1990 Women with Disabilities in the Work Force: Outlook for the 1990's... 1990   Yes
Judy Scales-Trent Black Women and the Constitution: Finding Our Place; Asserting Our Rights 24 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 9 (Winter, 1989) The economic, political, and social situation of black women in America is bad, and has been bad for a long time. Historically, they have borne both the disabilities of blacks and the disabilities which inhere in their status as women. These two statuses have often combined in ways which are not only additive, but synergisticthat is, they create a...; Search Snippet: ...1989 Voices of Experience: New Response to Gender Discourse Black Women and the Constitution: Finding Our Place; Asserting Our Rights Judy... 1989 African/Black American Yes
Cathy Scarborough Conceptualizing Black Women's Employment Experiences 98 Yale Law Journal 1457 (May, 1989) For me to think about racism and sexism meant I had to pull myself together and look at myself as one person under a law that separates me into my woman being and into my Black being. Kimberlé Crenshaw Black women in America have always been workersas slaves, farmers, domestics, skilled and unskilled laborers, and even, in small numbers, as...; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal Yale Law Journal May, 1989 Note Conceptualizing Black Women's Employment Experiences Cathy Scarborough Copyright 1989 the Yale Law Journal... 1989 African/Black American Yes
Victor L. Streib , Lynn Sametz Executing Female Juveniles 22 Connecticut Law Review Rev. 3 (Fall, 1989) [T]he fatal, the tremendous sentence which puts a period to the life of one, who had never learned to live. Reverend H. Channing The history and evolution of capital punishment in the United States has been carefully documented by scholars and chronicled by the courts. While almost every issue of concern has been explored, one has been ignoredthe...; Search Snippet: ...272699 Connecticut Law Review Connecticut Law Review Fall, 1989 Executing Female Juveniles [Fna] Victor L. Streib [Fnaa] Lynn Sametz [Fnaaa] Copyright... 1989   Yes
Frances Olsen Feminist Theory in Grand Style 89 Columbia Law Review 1147 (June, 1989) MacKinnon has done it again. As with her Sexual Harassment of Working Women, Catharine MacKinnon's second book, Feminism Unmodified, is destined to be an enormously influential work. Just as a striking percentage of the ideas in the feminist legal writing of the past ten years originated with MacKinnon's first book, ideas from her second are...; Search Snippet: ...Columbia Law Review Columbia Law Review June, 1989 Book Review Feminist Theory in Grand Style Feminism Unmodified. By Catharine A. Mackinnon... 1989    
Dawn Johnsen From Driving to Drugs: Governmental Regulation of Pregnant Women's Lives after Webster 138 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 179 (November, 1989) The United States Supreme Court's July 3, 1989 decision in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, generated increased debate in the courts, the press, and the legislatures about not only the right of women to choose to have an abortion, but also about the related, more general issue whether the law should ever recognize the fetus as an entity...; Search Snippet: ...Health Services from Driving to Drugs: Governmental Regulation of Pregnant Women's Lives after Webster Dawn Johnsen [Fnp] Copyright 1989 by The... 1989   Yes
Amy E. Hirsch Income Deeming in the Afdc Program: Using Dual Track Family Law to Make Poor Women Poorer 16 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 713 (1988-1989) I. Deeming of Income in the AFDC Program A. Stepparent Deeming B. Grandparent Deeming C. Sibling Deeming II. The Caretaker Option A. Who Used the Caretaker Option B. Child Support C. The Decision-Making Process III. Effects of the Sibling Deeming Amendment A. Loss of Income, Increased Harassment B. Loss of Control, Increased Confusion C. Narrowing...; Search Snippet: ...Afdc Program: Using Dual Track Family Law to Make Poor Women Poorer Amy E. Hirsch [Fna] Copyright 1989 by the New... 1989   Yes
N. Morrison Torrey Indirect Discrimination under Title Vii: Expanding Male Standing to Sue for Injuries Received as a Result of Employer Discrimination Against Females 64 Washington Law Review 365 (April, 1989) Historically, both men and women have had the right to seek redress under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for injuries they have received as a result of sex discrimination. In recent years, the federal circuits have split on whether to give men standing in one particular category of such cases: employment discrimination cases...; Search Snippet: ...For Injuries Received as a Result of Employer Discrimination Against Females N. Morrison Torrey [Fna] Copyright 1989 by the Washington Law... 1989   Yes
Leslie Bender Sex Discrimination or Gender Inequality? 57 Fordham Law Review 941 (May, 1989) Judge Judith Kaye, in her October 1988 Noreen E. McNamara Memorial Lecture, took on the big Wall Street law firms. She praised the progress that these firms have made in the last thirty-five years by increasing the numbers of women in their ranks. She gave us statistics and stories about women in big firms, and after carefully setting the stage and...; Search Snippet: ...Essay Gender Equality in the Legal Profession Sex Discrimination or Gender Inequality? [Fna1] Leslie Bender [Fnaa1] Copyright 1989 by Leslie Bender... 1989    
Eileen Boris The Power of Motherhood: Black and White Activist Women Redefine the "Political" 2 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 25 (Fall, 1989) Yes, it is the great mother-heart reaching out to save her children from war, famine and pestilence; from death, degradation and destruction, that induces her to demand Votes for Women, knowing well that fundamentally it is really a campaign for Votes for Children. - [Mrs.] Carrie W. Clifford, Honorary President of the Federation of Colored...; Search Snippet: ...Fall, 1989 the Power of Motherhood: Black and White Activist Women Redefine the Political Eileen Boris [Fnd1] Copyright (C) 1989 By... 1989 African/Black American Yes
Nancy E. Dowd Work and Family: the Gender Paradox and the Limitations of Discrimination Analysis in Restructuring the Workplace 24 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 79 (Winter, 1989) Talk about work and family is assumed to be women's talk. It is talk about women's lives, our experiences, our feelings. Talk about work and family is tied to women's entry into the workforce and the concomitant redefinition of ourselves and our roles. It is also talk about responsibility and conflict, the conflict between work and family. In the...; Search Snippet: ...Experience: New Response to Gender Discourse Work and Family: the Gender Paradox and the Limitations of Discrimination Analysis in Restructuring The... 1989    
Deborah L. Rhode Occupational Inequality 1988 Duke Law Journal 1207 (December, 1988) For economists in the 1970s, Leviticus 27:3 was a familiar text. Its teaching, as reported in innumerable scholarly and popular articles, was that women of working age in Biblical times were valued at thirty silver shekels and men at fifty. After 2000 years, that ratio had not fundamentally changed. The difference, however, was that for the first...; Search Snippet: ...Of These Issues Also Appears in D. Rhode, Justice and Gender (Forthcoming, 1989) and Rhode, Perspectives on Professional Women , 40 Stan. L. Rev. 1163 (1988) Professor of Law... 1988    
Deborah L. Rhode Perspectives on Professional Women 40 Stanford Law Review 1163 (May, 1988) I. THE HISTORICAL BACKDROP. 1164 A. The Argumentative Terrain. 1166 B. Occupational Patterns. 1173 C. The Reassessment of Roles. 1175 II. OCCUPATIONAL INEQUALITY. 1178 A. Legal Developments. 1178 B. Individual, Institutional, and Ideological Constraints. 1181 1. Socialization patterns. 1181 2. Institutional constraints. 1185 3. Gender stereotypes...; Search Snippet: ...Review May, 1988 Gender and the Law Perspectives on Professional Women Deborah L. Rhode [Fna] Copyright 1988 by the Board Of... 1988   Yes
Anne Leiby The Female Merit Policy in Steele V. Fcc: 'A Whim Leading to a Better World?' 37 American University Law Review 379 (Winter, 1988) The responsibility of issuing radio and television broadcast licenses rests with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). To select among competing applicants, the FCC weighs the relevant criteria of each applicant in a comparative broadcast hearing. Recently, the criteria considered by the FCC has caused significant debate. This debate focuses...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review American University Law Review Winter, 1988 Comment the Female Merit Policy in Steele V. Fcc: a Whim Leading To... 1988   Yes
Richard H. Chused The Hiring and Retention of Minorities and Women on American Law School Faculties 137 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 537 (December, 1988) At the request of the Society of American Law Teachers (SALT), I updated a SALT-sponsored survey of law school faculty composition for the 1980-81 academic year by adding data from the 1986-87 school year. The new study also includes a first look at departure rates of women and minority faculty members between 1981 and 1987. Faculty members at...; Search Snippet: ...Review December, 1988 the Hiring and Retention of Minorities and Women on American Law School Faculties Richard H. Chused [Fnp] Copyright... 1988   Yes
Catherine Weiss , Louise Melling The Legal Education of Twenty Women 40 Stanford Law Review 1299 (May, 1988) Powerful men made American law and American law schools by and for themselves. While law faculties and the legal profession remain overwhelmingly male, law schools are admitting increasing numbers of women. Many of these women find legal education alienating. This essay documents the experiences of twenty women in the Yale Law School class of 1987...; Search Snippet: ...Gender and the Law: Essay the Legal Education of Twenty Women Catherine Weiss [Fna] Louise Melling [Fnaa] Copyright 1988 by The... 1988   Yes
George W. Crockett, Jr. The Summer of '64 15-Fall Human Rights 14 (Fall, 1988) The 20th century has seen great changes in the status of black Americans in our societynot because of changes in the Constitution of our land, but because of fundamental changes in the interpretation and implementation of that Constitution. Although the Constitution was written two centuries ago, it has no life or meaning for black Americans until...; Search Snippet: ...Constitution. The Summer of '64 When Young American Men and Women Fought and Smiled, Struggled and Died, and Won, in America... 1988 African/Black American  
Marina Angel Women in Legal Education: What It's like to Be Part of a Perpetual First Wave or the Case of the Disappearing Women 61 Temple Law Review 799 (Fall, 1988) When I began my research in preparation for the hearings of the American Bar Association Commission on Women in the Profession, I quickly realized that I have been consistently a part of the first wave of women attempting to climb the ladder of legal education. This article, which grew out of my testimony before the ABA Commission, will include my...; Search Snippet: ...Wl 340516 Temple Law Review Temple Law Review Fall, 1988 Women in Legal Education: What It's like to Be Part Of... 1988   Yes
Susan T. Epstein Women in the Firehouse: the Second Circuit Upholds a Gender-biased Firefighters' Examination 54 Brooklyn Law Review 511 (Summer, 1988) Firefighting has traditionally been a male occupation. Indeed, prior to the passage of the 1972 Amendments to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), women were prohibited from joining the ranks of the New York City Fire Department. Although the absolute bar to hiring has now been eliminated, the department's use of rank-order...; Search Snippet: ...1988 the Second Circuit Review1986-1987 Term Employment Law Women in the Firehouse: the Second Circuit Upholds a Gender-biased Firefighters' Examination Berkman V. City of New York [Fna... 1988   Yes
John R. Read Thomas V. Anchorage Telephone Utility: Alaska Tackles Gender-based Wage Discrimination 4 Alaska Law Review 71 (June, 1987) In 1975, after weeks of negotiation, the Anchorage Telephone Utility (ATU) and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) reached a compromise on new pay increases for employees of the telephone utility. Electricians, draftsmen, and other ATU plant force personnel received a forty-five percent pay raise, while traffic,...; Search Snippet: ...June, 1987 Note Thomas V. Anchorage Telephone Utility : Alaska Tackles Gender-based Wage Discrimination John R. Read Copyright 1987 by Alaska... 1987 American Indian/Alaskan Native  
Fay Parris, Reporter, Marilyn Hutton , Reporter Women and Minorities in International Law 81 American Society of International Law Proceedings 519 (April 8-11, 1987) The meeting convened at 8:30 a.m., April 11, 1987, Henry J. Richardson III presiding. This project arose from a perception within the American Society of International Law (ASIL) and the Procedural Aspects of International Law Group (PAIL) that women and minorities are underrepresented in these two organizations and in the wider international law...; Search Snippet: ...American Society of International Law Proceedings April 8-11, 1987 Women and Minorities in International Law Fay Parris Reporter Marilyn Hutton... 1987   Yes
Laurie J. Taylor Provoked Reason in Men and Women: Heat-of-passion Manslaughter and Imperfect Self-defense 33 UCLA Law Review 1679 (August, 1986) The law of homicide assumes that intentional killings are fairly punished: it holds the offender most blameworthy and assigns the highest degree of culpability when the intent to kill is the product of the offender's premeditation and deliberation. To partially excuse homicide is to recognize that external forces and human weaknesses render some...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review August, 1986 Comment Provoked Reason in Men and Women: Heat-of-passion Manslaughter and Imperfect Self-defense Laurie J... 1986   Yes
Ruth Colker Rank-order Physical Abilities Selection Devices for Traditionally Male Occupations as Gender-based Employment Discrimination 19 U.C. Davis Law Review 761 (Summer, 1986) Historically, women, as well as racial minorities, have been excluded from police and firefighter positions. Only recently, since the 1972 amendments to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 extended coverage to state and local governments, have many police and fire departments begun to permit women to apply for employment. However, these...; Search Snippet: ...Order Physical Abilities Selection Devices for Traditionally Male Occupations as Gender-based Employment Discrimination Ruth Colker [Fna] Copyright 1986 by The... 1986    
Elizabeth M. Schneider The Dialectic of Rights and Politics: Perspectives from the Women's Movement 61 New York University Law Review 589 (October, 1986) Integrating the experience of the women's rights movement with her own experience as an activist and lawyer, Professor Elizabeth Schneider explores the role of rights discourse in the development of social movements. Emphasizing the dialectic of rights and politics, she developes an analysis that reflects the potential of rights both to advance and...; Search Snippet: ...1986 the Dialectic of Rights and Politics: Perspectives from the Women's Movement Elizabeth M. Schneider [Fna] Copyright 1986 by New York... 1986   Yes
Elizabeth Fox-Genovese Women's Rights, Affirmative Action, and the Myth of Individualism 54 George Washington Law Review 338 (January/March, 1986) During the past two decades the United States has undergone an impressive struggle to improve women's comparative and competitive position in American society. An assessment of the success of that struggle, which varies dramatically for women of different classes and races, remains premature, but it is clear that many aspects of women's lives and...; Search Snippet: ...January/march, 1986 Symposium on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Women's Rights, Affirmative Action, and the Myth of Individualism Elizabeth Fox... 1986   Yes
Susan L. McCoin Sex Discrimination in the Voir Dire Process: the Rights of Prospective Female Jurors 58 Southern California Law Review 1225 (July, 1985) In the last twenty years the United States Supreme Court has invalidated, on constitutional grounds, the most blatant forms of discrimination in the jury selection process. States may no longer systematically exclude members of minority groups from jury participation, and individuals considered for a jury venire must represent a cross section of...; Search Snippet: ...Discrimination in the Voir Dire Process: the Rights of Prospective Female Jurors Susan L. Mccoin Copyright (C) 1985 by the University... 1985   Yes
Catharine A. MacKinnon Toward Feminist Jurisprudence 34 Stanford Law Review 703 (February, 1982) When is an act sexed? When do you kill, or die, as a member of your gender, and when as whoever else you are? Are you ever anyone else? Are women, in particular, permitted to be? What difference does, or should, that make? Ann Jones says, The story of women who kill is the story of women. Women who kill, kill as women--this argument structures...; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Stanford Law Review February, 1982 Book Review Toward Feminist Jurisprudence [Fna1] Women Who Kill. By Ann Jones. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston... 1982    
  Constitutional Law - Equal Protection of the Laws - Federal Statute Imposing less Severe Penalty upon American Indian Who Rapes an Indian Woman than upon Other Rapists Is Constitutional. - Gray V. United States, 394 F.2d 96 (9th Cir. 1968) 82 Harvard Law Review 697 (January, 1969) Wilson Gray and two other appellants, all Navajo Indians, were convicted by a federal jury of raping a non-Indian woman on the Navajo reservation in Arizona. The district court imposed sentences of imprisonment under a statute which exposes a rapist to a maximum penalty of death if either the rapist or the victim is not an Indian. An Indian who...; Search Snippet: ...Of the Laws - Federal Statute Imposing less Severe Penalty upon American Indian Who Rapes an Indian Woman than upon Other Rapists Is Constitutional. - Gray V. United States... 1969 American Indian/Alaskan Native Yes
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