| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year |
| Stella Burch Elias |
LAW AS A TOOL OF TERROR |
107 Iowa Law Review 1 (November, 2021) |
The immigration laws and policies of the United States from January 2017 through January 2021 serve as a cautionary example of what may happen when the rule of law and the equitable administration of justice are subverted by policymakers pursuing an extreme and coercive political agenda. For four years the Trump Administration used its... |
2021 |
| Wadie E. Said |
Law Enforcement in the American Security State |
2019 Wisconsin Law Review 819 (2019) |
This Article documents the evolution of the modern American police state and the symbiotic nature of the relationship between government actors across the three sectors of national security, domestic policing, and immigration enforcement. Policies from one area make their way into the other two, with the net result being that the powers of... |
2019 |
| Felice Batlan |
Law in the Time of Cholera: Disease, State Power, and Quarantines past and Future |
80 Temple Law Review 53 (Spring 2007) |
I. Introduction. 54 II. A Brief History of Quarantine. 62 III. The 1892 Threatened Epidemics: Immigrants, Pesthouses, and Oysters. 68 A. Methodology. 68 B. The Most Modern of Facilities: The New York City Board of Health. 69 C. Frontiers: Immigration and Typhus. 72 D. The Erasure of the Juridical Being. 76 E. Awaiting Cholera. 79 F. Cholera and... |
2007 |
| Samuel Vincent Jones |
LAW SCHOOLS, CULTURAL COMPETENCY, AND ANTI-BLACK RACISM: THE LIBERTY OF DISCRIMINATION |
21 Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy 84 (2021) |
Introduction. 84 I. Do Law Schools Have Liberty to Discriminate Against Black Law Students?. 86 A. The Black Law Student Experience. 87 B. Law Schools and the Liberty to Foster Anti-Black Racism. 90 II. Should Law Schools Require Cultural Competency Instruction as a Means to Curtail Anti-Black Racial Discrimination?. 96 A. Cultural Competency... |
2021 |
| Kitty Calavita |
Law, Citizenship, and the Construction of (Some) Immigrant "Others" |
30 Law and Social Inquiry 401 (Spring 2005) |
Rhael Salazar Parrenas. Servants of Globalization: Women, Migration, and Domestic Work. Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001. Pp. 309. $55.00 cloth; $21.95 paper. Bonnie Honig. Democracy and the Foreigner. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001. Pp. 204. $39.95 cloth; $19.95 paper. Peter Schuck. Citizens, Strangers, and... |
2005 |
| Gideon Sapir , Mark Goldfeder |
Law, Religion, and Immigration: Building Bridges with Express Lanes |
32 Emory International Law Review 201 (2018) |
This Article asks whether it can ever be moral or legal to use certain criteria, including nationality and/or religion, in formulating preferential immigration policies. In order to answer the question, it presents an in-depth look at the controversial right of return, focusing in particular on the example of the Israeli Law of Return. It... |
2018 |
| Rebecca Hayes |
Lawful Permanent Residency: What the United States Citizenship & Immigration Services Giveth, it Can Also Take Away |
59 Boston College Law Review E-Supplement 329 (April 11, 2018) |
Abstract: Millions of foreigners strive to become Lawful Permanent Residents of the United States, but that status is limited to those immigrants who meet certain requirements and comply with extensive procedures. There is ample U.S. case law interpreting what it means to be lawfully admitted for permanent residence. Until the Sixth Circuit's... |
2018 |
| Michael A. Olivas |
Lawmakers Gone Wild? College Residency and the Response to Professor Kobach |
61 SMU Law Review 99 (Winter 2008) |
Of critical importance is the fact that all four of the [September 11th] hijackers who were stopped by local police prior to 9/11 had violated federal immigration laws and could have been detained by the state or local police officers. Indeed, there were only five hijackers who were clearly in violation of immigration laws while in the United... |
2008 |
| Julia Simon-Kerr |
LAW'S CREDIBILITY PROBLEM |
98 Washington Law Review 179 (March, 2023) |
Abstract: Credibility determinations often seal people's fates. They can determine outcomes at trial; they condition the provision of benefits, like social security; and they play an increasingly dispositive role in immigration proceedings. Yet there is no stable definition of credibility in the law. Courts and agencies diverge at the most basic... |
2023 |
| Nina Wang |
Laws Harsh as Tigers: Chinese Immigrants and the Shaping of Modern Immigration Law. Lucy E. Salyer |
31 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 587 (Summer, 1996) |
Reputed to be a cultural melting pot and a nation of equality, the United States attracted more than 18.2 million voluntary immigrants during the Progressive Era, which spanned from 1890 to 1920. At the turn of the century, the United States symbolized economic opportunity and personal liberty for people seeking a better life. For many Chinese... |
1996 |
| Julia Hernandez |
Lawyering Close to Home |
27 Clinical Law Review 131 (Fall, 2020) |
This essay incorporates ethnographic insights and narrative technique, rooted in part in Critical Race Theory and critical geography studies, to ground conversations about transformative pedagogy and praxis in the lived experiences of our students. Many of our students fight for radical social change and enter law school hoping to gain new tools... |
2020 |
| Laila L. Hlass |
LAWYERING FROM A DEPORTATION ABOLITION ETHIC |
110 California Law Review 1597 (October, 2022) |
This Article contributes to the emerging literature on abolition within the immigration legal system by mapping deportation abolition theory onto lawyering practice. Deportation abolitionists work to end immigrant detention, enforcement, and deportation, explicitly understanding immigrant justice as part of a larger racial justice fight connected... |
2022 |
| Ingrid Eagly |
LEARNING FROM DEPORTED AMERICANS |
50 Southwestern Law Review 333 (2021) |
When I was a deputy federal public defender in Los Angeles, I represented many individuals who were charged with the federal crime of illegal reentry. One client in particular still stands out in my memory. When I first met him in lock-up, he told me that he should not have been deported. When I asked why, the answer was simple: he was American. He... |
2021 |
| Caleb Ward |
LEARNING FROM THE PAST: USING KOREMATSU AND OTHER JAPANESE INTERNMENT CASES TO PROVIDE PROTECTIONS AGAINST IMMIGRATION DETENTIONS |
73 Arkansas Law Review 841 (2021) |
Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door! One of the darkest periods in modern United States history is reoccurring with mixed public approval. During World War II, the United States... |
2021 |
| Smita Ghosh , Mary Hoopes |
LEARNING TO DETAIN ASYLUM SEEKERS AND THE GROWTH OF MASS IMMIGRATION DETENTION IN THE UNITED STATES |
46 Law and Social Inquiry 993 (November, 2021) |
Drawing upon an analysis of congressional records and media coverage from 1981 to 1996, this article examines the growth of mass immigration detention. It traces an important shift during this period: while detention began as an ad hoc executive initiative that was received with skepticism by the legislature, Congress was ultimately responsible for... |
2021 |
| David Christensen |
Leaving the Back Door Open: Italy's Response to Illegal Immigration |
11 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 461 (Spring, 1997) |
In recent years, the prosperous nations of Western Europe have experienced record levels of migration pressure, as immigrants and refugees from North Africa, Eastern Europe and other impoverished regions of the world have arrived in ever-increasing numbers seeking stability and economic opportunity. To control this inflow, Western European... |
1997 |
| Anita Ortiz Maddali |
Left Behind: the Dying Principle of Family Reunification under Immigration Law |
50 University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 107 (Fall, 2016) |
A key underpinning of modern U.S. immigration law is family reunification, but in practice it can privilege certain families and certain members within families. Drawing on legislative history, this Article examines the origins and objectives of the principle of family reunification in immigration law and relies on legal scholarship and... |
2016 |
| Jennifer M. Chacón |
LEGAL BORDERLANDS AND IMPERIAL LEGACIES: A RESPONSE TO MAGGIE BLACKHAWK'S THE CONSTITUTION OF AMERICAN COLONIALISM |
137 Harvard Law Review Forum 1 (November, 2023) |
What are the borderlands? In her brilliant and sweeping exploration of the constitution of American colonialism, Professor Maggie Blackhawk references the borderlands dozens of times. She ultimately looks to the borderlands for constitutional salvation, extracting six principles of borderlands constitutionalism that she urges us to reckon with... |
2023 |
| Daniel Kanstroom |
Legal Lines in Shifting Sand: Immigration Law and Human Rights in the Wake of September 11th |
25 Boston College Third World Law Journal L.J. 1 (Winter, 2005) |
Abstract: In March of 2004, a group of legal scholars gathered at Boston College Law School to examine the doctrinal implications of the events of September 11, 2001. They reconsidered the lines drawn between citizens and noncitizens, war and peace, the civil and criminal systems, as well as the U.S. territorial line. Participants responded to the... |
2005 |
| Leila Kawar |
Legal Mobilization on the Terrain of the State: Creating a Field of Immigrant Rights Lawyering in France and the United States |
36 Law and Social Inquiry 354 (Spring, 2011) |
Scholarship on law and social movements has focused attention primarily on the United States, and secondarily on countries that share the Anglo-American legal tradition. The politics of law and social movements in other national legal contexts remains under examined. The analysis in this article contrasts legal mobilizations for immigrant rights in... |
2011 |
| Evan J. Criddle |
LEGAL ORDER AT THE BORDER |
56 U.C. Davis Law Review 1503 (April, 2023) |
For generations, the United States has grappled with high levels of illegal immigration across the U.S.-Mexico border. This Article offers a novel theoretical framework to explain why legal order remains elusive at the border. Drawing inspiration from Lon Fuller's interactional view of law, I argue that immigration law cannot attract compliance... |
2023 |
| Amada Armenta, Department of Urban Planning, University of California, Los Angeles |
Legal Passing: Navigating Undocumented Life and Local Immigration Law. By Angela S. García. Oakland: University of California Press, 2019 |
53 Law and Society Review 1390 (December, 2019) |
Angela S. García's excellent new book, Legal Passing: Navigating Undocumented Life and Local Immigration Law examines how federal, state, and local immigration laws shape the daily lives of undocumented Mexican immigrants. With clear prose and penetrating detail, the book upends popular narratives that depict undocumented immigrants as passively... |
2019 |
| Kevin E. Davis |
LEGAL RESPONSES TO BLACK SUBORDINATION, GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES |
134 Harvard Law Review Forum 359 (June 1, 2021) |
[I]n order to win and bring as many people with us along the way, we must move beyond the narrow nationalism that is all too prevalent in Black communities. --Black Lives Matter Around the world, people of African descent (Afro-descendants)--to use one of the broadest possible definitions of Blackness--are overrepresented among the poor and... |
2021 |
| Tommaso Tani |
Legal Responsibility for False News |
8 Journal of International Media & Entertainment Law 229 (2019-2020) |
In 2016 and 2017, the debate about false news reached its peak, leading several authors to a new specific legal categorization that explored a new limitation on freedom of speech. This article starts with an analysis of different frameworks (from the U.S. and Europe) that can be applied to design such limitations as well as their philosophical... |
2020 |
| Cara Tonucci |
Legalizing the Immigration Posse |
68 National Lawyers Guild Review Rev. 1 (Spring, 2011) |
The devolution of immigration enforcement is threatening to undermine the Fourth Amendment protections that protect all individuals from government intrusion and the trust that communities invest in local law enforcement--the very trust that provides the local law enforcement legitimacy. Section 287(g) of the United States Code authorizes the... |
2011 |
| Jennifer J. Lee |
LEGALIZING UNDOCUMENTED WORK |
42 Cardozo Law Review 1893 (September, 2021) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 1894 I. Migration and Work. 1902 A. Plight of Undocumented Workers. 1902 B. Recognition of Employer Exploitation. 1907 C. Moral Disapproval of Illegal Workers. 1909 II. Reconceptualizing the Undocumented Worker. 1913 A. Equality. 1914 B. Freedom. 1917 C. Contending with Illegality. 1920 III. Benefits of the... |
2021 |
| Mona Alsaidi |
LEGALLY WHITE, EFFECTIVELY OTHERED: RECOGNIZING AND INVESTING IN ARAB AMERICAN COMMUNITIES |
94 Temple Law Review 99 (Fall, 2021) |
During the first presidential debate in September 2020, President Biden effortlessly spoke the Arabic phrase inshallah, meaning God willing. President Biden's use of the phrase did not go unnoticed--some viewed it as a nod to Arabs and Muslims, and others criticized it as pandering or inappropriate. About a month after this debate, then-candidate... |
2021 |
| Gillian R. Chadwick |
Legitimating the Transnational Family |
42 Harvard Journal of Law & Gender 257 (Summer, 2019) |
Legitimation represents a widening chasm at the intersection of immigration and family law. Agencies' and courts' persistent misguided reliance on biology as a paramount dispositive factor in determining who qualifies as a family for the purposes of immigration and nationality is increasingly at odds with family law's growing aspiration of a... |
2019 |
| Daniel S. Harawa |
LEMONADE: A RACIAL JUSTICE REFRAMING OF THE ROBERTS COURT'S CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE |
110 California Law Review 681 (June, 2022) |
The saying goes, when life gives you lemons, make lemonade. When it comes to the Supreme Court's criminal jurisprudence and its relationship to racial (in)equity, progressive scholars often focus on the tartness of the lemons. In particular, they have studied how the Court often ignores race in its criminal decisions, a move that in turn reifies a... |
2022 |
| Emily Ryo |
Less Enforcement, More Compliance: Rethinking Unauthorized Migration |
62 UCLA Law Review 622 (March, 2015) |
A common assumption underlying the current public discourse and legal treatment of unauthorized immigrants is that unauthorized immigrants are lawless individuals who will break the law -- any law -- in search of economic gain. This notion persists despite substantial empirical evidence to the contrary. Drawing on original empirical data, this... |
2015 |
| Kevin R. Johnson |
Lessons about the Future of Immigration Law from the Rise and Fall of Daca |
52 U.C. Davis Law Review 343 (November, 2018) |
Observers spanning the political spectrum have characterized the American immigration system as broken. Unfortunately, Congress for many years has been unable to forge agreement on the appropriate set of reforms, including a path for regularizing the legal status of the approximately eleven million undocumented immigrants living in the United... |
2018 |
| Shajuti Hossain |
Lessons from Blackamerican Lawyers' Social Justice Advocacy for Immigrant Muslim Lawyers |
24 U.C. Davis Social Justice Law Review 63 (Summer, 2020) |
About seven-in-ten American Muslims (69%) believe that working for justice . is essential to their identity. Blackamerican Muslim lawyers provide a particularly strong example of social justice advocacy. Today, immigrant Muslim lawyers are fighting against injustice as well. Although their histories and experiences differ significantly, immigrant... |
2020 |
| Davis Lovvorn |
LESSONS FROM VIETNAM: INFORMING REFUGEE POLICY IN HAITI AND AFGHANISTAN FROM POST-VIETNAM UNITED STATES POLICY |
37 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 299 (2023) |
On August 30, 2021, the United States ended its longest-ever war, which lasted for more than twenty years, when C-17 Globemaster military cargo planes completed their final evacuation mission from Kabul International Airport in Afghanistan's capital. The C-17 Globemaster cargo planes had not only been a familiar sight during those brief days in... |
2023 |
| Ana Romero-Bosch |
Lessons in Legal History--eugenics & Genetics |
11 Michigan State University Journal of Medicine & Law 89 (Winter, 2007) |
C1-3Table of Contents Introduction. 90 I. Historical Development. 91 II. Legal and Societal Impact. 93 A. Social Origins. 94 B. Scientific Origins. 95 C. Legal History: Sterilization Laws, Marriage Restriction, & Immigration Restriction. 96 1. Sterilization Laws. 96 2. Marriage and Immigration Laws. 97 D. Famous Supporters. 98 III. Later... |
2007 |
| Rebekah Ross |
LET INDIANS DECIDE: HOW RESTRICTING BORDER PASSAGE BY BLOOD QUANTUM INFRINGES ON TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY |
96 Washington Law Review 311 (March, 2021) |
American immigration laws have been explicitly racial throughout most of the country's history. For decades, only White foreign nationals could become naturalized citizens. All racial criteria have since vanished from the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)--all but one. Section 289 of the INA allows American Indians born in Canada to... |
2021 |
| Ming H. Chen |
Leveraging Social Science Expertise in Immigration Policymaking |
112 Northwestern University Law Review Online 281 (May 17, 2018) |
Abstract--The longstanding uncertainty about how policymakers should grapple with social science demonstrating racism persists in the modern administrative state. This Essay examines the uses and misuses of social science and expertise in immigration policymaking. More specifically, it highlights three immigration policies that dismiss social... |
2018 |
| Bijal Shah |
Lgbt Identity in Immigration |
45 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 100 (Fall, 2013) |
The partial invalidation of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and national focus on comprehensive immigration reform has brought lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) immigrants to the forefront. This Article is the first to undertake a close examination of asymmetries in the impact of LGBT identity on access to United States citizenship.... |
2013 |
| Patrisia Macías-Rojas |
LIBERAL POLICIES, PUNITIVE EFFECTS: THE POLITICS OF ENFORCEMENT DISCRETION ON THE US-MEXICO BORDER |
46 Law and Social Inquiry 69 (February, 2021) |
This article examines why deportation and imprisonment for immigration offenses rose under presidential administrations that claimed to favor more humane approaches to immigration enforcement. I examine the politics of enforcement discretion on the US-Mexico border during the administrations of Bill Clinton (1993-2001) and Barack Obama (2009-17).... |
2021 |
| Eric R. Claeys |
LIBERALISM, PATRIOTISM, AND COSMOPOLITANISM IN LOCAL CITIZENSHIP IN A GLOBAL AGE |
8 Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 1 (December 29, 2021) |
I. Introduction. 1 II. The Argument of Local Citizenship in a Global Age. 4 III. Assessing Local Citizenship in a Global Age. 6 IV. Immigration, Citizenship, and Cosmopolitanism. 8 V. Natural Rights, Cosmopolitanism, and Patriotism. 11 VI. Coopting Patriotism for Liberalism and Natural Rights. 12 VII. Reconsidering Local Citizenship in a Global... |
2021 |
| Athena D. Mutua |
Liberalism's Identity Politics: a Response to Professor Fukuyama |
23 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Law and Social Change 27 (2020) |
INTRODUCTION. 27 I. FUKUYAMA'S ARGUMENT, BRIEFLY OUTLINED. 28 II. RECOGNITION V. DISTRIBUTION (ECONOMIC) CLAIMS. 32 III. ORIGIN STORY: LIBERALISM'S IDENTITY POLITICS. 35 A. A Post Civil War Frame?. 37 B. Distributional Claims & Advocacy, Multiculturalism & Colorblindness. 39 C. Same Ole Economics and White Supremacy. 42 D. Political Correctness and... |
2020 |
| Howard F. Chang |
Liberalized Immigration as Free Trade: Economic Welfare and the Optimal Immigration Policy |
145 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1147 (May, 1997) |
Introduction. 1148 I. National Economic Welfare. 1157 A. Effects of Immigration Through the Labor Market. 1158 B. External Effects of Immigration. 1163 C. The Optimal Tariff on Unskilled Immigrants. 1166 D. The Optimal Tariff on Skilled Immigrants. 1168 E. Immigration of Nuclear Families. 1172 F. Future Generations. 1172 G. Avoiding External Costs.... |
1997 |
| Tisha R. Tallman |
Liberty, Justice, and Equality: an Examination of Past, Present, and Proposed Immigration Policy Reform Legislation |
30 North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 869 (Summer 2005) |
I. Introduction. 869 II. The Current State. 872 A. The Current System: The Problem Defined. 872 B. The Current Immigration Structure. 873 C. Current Immigration Enforcement Policies. 874 D. Our Current System's Relation to Labor. 879 E. Positive Economic Contributions of Immigrants. 881 III. A Historical Perspective. 883 IV. Proposed Legislation.... |
2005 |
| Panelists Hasan Shafiqullah, Amy Taylor, Martin Batalla, Michael Wildes, Anthony Enriquez, Moderated by: Javeria Ahmed, Attorney-in-Charge, Immigration Law Unit, The Legal Aid Society, Director of Legal Services, Make the Road New York, Member, Make the R |
Life after Daca: Immigration Reform in the Age of Trump |
24 Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice 105 (Fall, 2017) |
MS. JAVERIA AHMED: Hi everyone. Can you hear me okay? Welcome to the Fall Symposium for the Journal of Equal Rights and Social Justice. My name is Javeria Ahmed, I'm the Editor in Chief and I'm really excited to have you guys with us tonight. The topic that we'll be discussing is the revocation of DACA, or the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals... |
2017 |
| Nadia E. Brown , Danielle C. Lemi |
Life for Me Ain't Been No Crystal Stair: Black Women Candidates and the Democratic Party |
100 Boston University Law Review 1613 (October, 2020) |
C1-2Contents Introduction. 1614 I. Black Women Candidates and Party Politics. 1617 A. Democratic Party. 1617 B. Black Women Candidates. 1620 II. Data and Methods. 1623 A. The Sample. 1623 B. The Method. 1625 III. Black Women Candidates' Experiences with the Democratic Party. 1626 A. The Democratic Party: Gatekeeping and Racial Politics. 1626 B. The... |
2020 |
| Leslye Orloff |
Lifesaving Welfare Safety Net Access for Battered Immigrant Women and Children: Accomplishments and next Steps |
7 William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law 597 (Spring, 2001) |
The United States is currently experiencing one of the largest waves of immigration in its history. Contrary to common assumptions, more than half of new immigrants are women. Despite this fact, U.S. immigration policy and most agencies serving immigrants have remained blind to gender differences and have treated all immigrants alike. Immigrant... |
2001 |
| Juliet P. Stumpf, Stephen Manning |
LIMINAL IMMIGRATION LAW |
108 Iowa Law Review 1531 (May, 2023) |
ABSTRACT: Liminal immigration rules operate powerfully beyond the edge of traditional law to govern the movement of people across borders and their interactions with the immigration system within the United States. This Article illuminates this body of liminal law, revealing how agencies and advocates have innovated to create widely followed... |
2023 |
| Cassandra Burke Robertson , Irina D. Manta |
Litigating Citizenship |
73 Vanderbilt Law Review 757 (April, 2020) |
By what standard of proof--and by what procedures--can the U.S. government challenge citizenship status? That question has taken on greater urgency in recent years. News reports discuss cases of individuals whose passports were suddenly denied, even after the government had previously recognized their citizenship for years or even decades. The... |
2020 |
| Jason A. Gillmer |
LITIGATING SLAVERY'S REACH: A STORY OF RACE, RIGHTS, AND THE LAW DURING THE CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH |
56 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 499 (Spring, 2023) |
In May 1852, Charles Perkins decided he wanted his slaves back. Born in Mississippi, Charles emigrated to California in 1849 during the height of the Gold Rush. When he came, like hundreds of others from Southern states, he also brought three enslaved men with him. Following California's admission to the Union as a free state, however, Charles... |
2023 |
| Jason G. Idilbi |
Local Enforcement of Federal Immigration Law: Should North Carolina Communities Implement 287(g) Authority? |
86 North Carolina Law Review 1710 (September, 2008) |
Introduction. 1710 I. Section 287(g) and the Structure and Enforcement of Federal Immigration Law at the State and Local Level. 1714 II. The Use of 287(g) Agreements in North Carolina and State Encouragement. 1718 III. The Effects of Immigration in North Carolina and Benefits of 287(g) Agreements. 1720 IV. Drawbacks of 287(g) Agreements. 1725 A.... |
2008 |
| Rick Su |
Local Fragmentation as Immigration Regulation |
47 Houston Law Review 367 (Spring 2010) |
I. Introduction. 368 II. The Intersection of Immigration and Local Government Law. 371 A. Space, Immigration, and the Internalization of Boundary Controls. 373 1. The Multiple Significance of Spatial Fragmentation. 373 2. The Joint Construction of Spatial Fragmentation. 378 3. The Shared History of Spatial Fragmentation. 383 B. Community,... |
2010 |