AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYear
Stefan J. Padfield CRONY STAKEHOLDER CAPITALISM 111 Kentucky Law Journal 441 (2022-2023) C1-2Table of Contents Table of Contents. 441 Abstract. 442 Introduction. 442 I. Capitalism, Crony Capitalism, and Stakeholder Capitalism. 445 A. Capitalism Versus Crony Capitalism. 446 B. Stakeholder Capitalism. 450 C. Stakeholder Capitalism as Crony Capitalism. 456 II. A Proposed Solution: Sen. Marco Rubio's Mind Your Own Business Act. 460 A. An... 2023
Karla Mari Mckanders DECOLONIZING COLORBLIND ASYLUM NARRATIVES 67 Saint Louis University Law Journal 523 (Spring, 2023) The essay addresses how law professors can engage critical and decolonial theories to teach students how to deconstruct the marginalizing narratives required in asylum advocacy. These theories provide the theoretical and praxis-oriented frameworks for professors seeking to liberate their pedagogy. The goal is for law students to begin their legal... 2023
Sara Hungler DESTINED TO STAY - A CASE STUDY OF ROMA REFUGEES FROM UKRAINE 100 University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 477 (Spring, 2023) This paper presents the outcome of a survey based on interviews with NGOs, local helpers, and administrative leaders in Hungary. The results show that even though the general perception of refugees has ameliorated since the 2015 migration crisis, negative attitudes toward Roma and the poor prevail. When resources are scarce, aid workers must create... 2023
Tanya Monthey DIFFERING FROM "US" IN RELIGION, CUSTOMS, AND LAWS: THE PHILIPPINES, LABOR MIGRATION, AND UNITED STATES EMPIRE 24 Oregon Review of International Law 223 (2023) Introduction. 224 I. Historical Background of the Philippines-United States (Unequal) Relationship. 226 A. Contextualizing the Philippines in Its Colonial History. 226 1. The United States Empire. 227 2. Legal Authority for American Empire. 229 B. Filipino Labor Migration Historically. 234 C. Filipino Migrant Labor Organization in the Face of... 2023
Saptarishi Bandopadhyay, Joshua R. Coene DISASTER RISK IN THE CARCERAL STATE 42 Stanford Environmental Law Journal 171 (May, 2023) I. Introduction. 173 II. A Sketch of the Carceral State. 184 A. Mass Incarceration, Excess, and Origins. 184 B. Prison Regimes and Risk Management: Between Incapacitation and Correctionalism. 192 C. The Production of Carceral Vulnerability. 197 III. Between Compassion and Security: Disaster Risk in the Managerial State. 200 A. Disaster Risk... 2023
Chinyere Ezie DISMANTLING THE DISCRIMINATION-TO-INCARCERATION PIPELINE FOR TRANS PEOPLE OF COLOR 19 University of Saint Thomas Law Journal 276 (Spring, 2023) Introduction. 277 I. Understanding the Discrimination-to-Incarceration Pipeline and Its Origins. 279 A. Familial Rejection. 279 B. Anti-Trans Discrimination and Harassment in Schools. 281 C. Employment Discrimination Against Trans Employees and Job Applicants. 285 D. Housing Discrimination and Insecurity. 288 E. Barriers to Healthcare Access. 288... 2023
Jake Marks Millman DISPARITIES IN QUEER ASYLUM RECOGNITION RATES ON THE BASIS OF GENDER: A CASE STUDY OF AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND 63 Virginia Journal of International Law 497 (Spring, 2023) Using an approach based on intersectionality theory, this Note tests whether a difference in asylum recognition rates exists in Australia and New Zealand at the first-appeals level. Through compiling an original dataset of judicial decisions and performing logistic regression analysis, this Note finds no difference in asylum recognition rates... 2023
Cynthia Godsoe DISRUPTING CARCERAL LOGIC IN FAMILY POLICING 121 Michigan Law Review 939 (April, 2023) Torn Apart: How the Child Welfare System Destroys Black Families--and How Abolition Can Build a Safer World. By Dorothy Roberts. New York: Basic Books. 2022. Pp. 11, 303. $32. Among a growing consensus that the criminal legal system is oversized, racist, and ineffective at preventing harm, the child welfare/family-policing system continues to be... 2023
Angélica Cházaro DUE PROCESS DEPORTATIONS 98 New York University Law Review 407 (May, 2023) Should pro-immigrant advocates pursue federally funded counsel for all immigrants facing deportation? For most pro-immigrant advocates and scholars, the answer is self-evident: More lawyers for immigrants would mean more justice for immigrants, and thus, the federal government should fund such lawyers. Moreover, the argument goes, federally funded... 2023
Jonathan J. Choi, Jess Kuesel, Katline Barrows, Elise Boos, Megan Dister, Connor Sakati, Melissa Skarjune, Stephen E. Roady, Michelle B. Nowlin ENHANCED U.S.-CANADIAN COLLABORATION ON MARINE MIGRATORY SPECIES 53 Environmental Law Reporter (ELI) 10911 (December, 2023) U.S.-Canadian management of marine migratory species is a particularly rich place to understand the complex relationship between migratory science, conservation, and law. The two nations share a large border, have a long-lasting historic friendship, and already collaborate extensively. However, the relationship is not without contention. The... 2023
Antonio M. Coronado ENVISIONING REPARATIVE LEGAL PEDAGOGIES 30 Clinical Law Review 65 (Fall, 2023) As numerous reports, student movements, and forms of scholarship-activism have noted, the traditional U.S. law school classroom remains a space of hierarchy, privilege, and unnamed systems of power. Particularly for students holding historically marginalized and minoritized identities, legal education remains both a remnant of and conduit for... 2023
Luz E. Herrera, Taylor Garner, Crystal Hernandez, Lisa Mares ESTABLISHING A CONDITIONAL DRIVER PERMIT IN TEXAS 24 Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice 385 (2023) Introduction. 386 I. Part One: Responding to the Needs of the State's Population. 388 A. Who Benefits from Conditional Driver Permits?. 389 B. Public Safety. 390 C. Specific Texan Population. 392 1. Victims of Natural Disaster. 392 2. Texas Experiencing Homelessness. 403 3. Family Violence Victims. 408 4. Immigrant Families. 412 II. Part Two: State... 2023
Alice Ristroph EXCEPTIONALISM EVERYWHERE: A (LEGAL) FIELD GUIDE TO STRUCTURAL INEQUALITY 65 Arizona Law Review 921 (Winter 2023) In the first two decades of the twenty-first century, American legal scholars have discovered exceptionalism everywhere: family law exceptionalism, tax law exceptionalism, bankruptcy exceptionalism, immigration exceptionalism, criminal law exceptionalism, and more. For several of these fields, the charge is that the field is not operating in... 2023
S. Lisa Washington FAMMIGRATION WEB 103 Boston University Law Review 117 (February, 2023) A growing body of scholarship examines the expansive nature of the criminal legal system. What remains overlooked are other parts of the carceral state with similarly punitive logics and impacts. To begin filling this gap, this Article focuses on the convergence of the family regulation and immigration systems. This Article examines how the... 2023
Kristine Quint FAULT LINES OF IMMIGRATION FEDERALISM: UNITED STATES v. TEXAS AND THE REVERSE-COMMANDEERING OF IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT POWER 27 Lewis & Clark Law Review 991 (2023) Federal supremacy over immigration enforcement is a primary tenet of U.S. immigration law. Despite this, states are now routinely, and often successfully, blocking executive immigration policy in federal court. One such case is United States v. Texas, in which the states argue that the Biden administration's enforcement priority guidelines inflict... 2023
Jayesh Rathod FLEEING THE LAND OF THE FREE 123 Columbia Law Review 183 (January, 2023) This Essay is the first scholarly intervention, from any discipline, to examine the number and nature of asylum claims made by U.S. citizens, and to explore the broader implications of this phenomenon. While the United States continues to be a preeminent destination for persons seeking humanitarian protection, U.S. citizens have fled the country in... 2023
Amelia Wilson FORCE MULTIPLIER: AN INTERSECTIONAL EXAMINATION OF ONE IMMIGRANT WOMAN'S JOURNEY THROUGH MULTIPLE SYSTEMS OF OPPRESSION 38 Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice 1 (2023) The immigrants' rights movement can assume an intersectional and cooperative approach to dismantling co-constitutive systems of oppression that conspire to punish, exclude, and exploit disfavored groups. Racial justice must be at the center of the movement, but so too must we understand the devastating role that gender, disability, and... 2023
Maggie Blackhawk FOREWORD: THE CONSTITUTION OF AMERICAN COLONIALISM 137 Harvard Law Review 1 (November, 2023) C1-2CONTENTS Introduction. 2 I. The Constitution of American Colonialism. 22 A. Constituting American Colonialism. 26 1. Colonization Within the Founding Borders. 28 2. Colonization Beyond the Founding Borders. 33 3. Colonization of Noncontiguous Territory. 43 B. The Rise of the Plenary Power Doctrine. 53 1. Plenary Power as Doctrine. 55 2.... 2023
Téa Antonino FORMER GANG MEMBERS AND THE PARTICULAR SOCIAL GROUP STANDARD: WHY AMERICA'S HIGHEST COURT SHOULD GREEN LIGHT THE KILLING OF THE BIA'S THREE-PRONG TEST 60 San Diego Law Review 167 (February-March, 2023) C1-2Table of Contents I. Introduction. 168 II. Background. 172 A. Historical Context of Transnational Gangs Dominating the Northern Triangle. 172 B. The Differences Between Asylum and Withholding of Removal. 180 C. The Evolution of the BIA's Interpretation of a PSG. 185 1. In re Acosta Produces the Immutability Characteristics Test. 186 2. The BIA... 2023
Yung-hua Kuo FROM VULNERABILITY TO RESILIENCE: DISASTER RECOVERY LAWS AND INDIGENOUS ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES IN TAIWAN 24 Asian-Pacific Law and Policy Journal 1 (Spring, 2023) I. Introduction. 2 II. Legal History of Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan. 8 A. Precolonial Era (- the Seventeenth Century). 8 B. The Qing Era (1683 - 1895). 10 C. Japanese-Ruled Period (1895 - 1945). 12 D. Republic of China Assimilation and Relocation Policy (1945 - 1987). 15 E. Indigenous Movements and Reclaiming Rights (1987 - Present). 18 III.... 2023
Mary Holper GANG ACCUSATIONS: THE BEAST THAT BURDENS NONCITIZENS 89 Brooklyn Law Review 119 (Fall, 2023) A teenager from El Salvador attends a high school that is populated mostly by Latine youth. He finds his friends in a group of boys. He gets into a scuffle with another boy. Little does he know, with each of these interactions, he has been accruing points in a database that tracks gang membership and affiliation. The friendships earn him two... 2023
Deborah M. Weissman GENDER VIOLENCE AS LEGACY: TO IMAGINE NEW APPROACHES 20 Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal 55 (Spring, 2023) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 55 Part I. Defining RJ/TJ and Identifying the Challenges. 58 A. Restorative Justice (RJ). 58 B. Transformative Justice (TJ). 59 Part II. From Carceral Responses to Addressing the Political Economy of IPV. 61 Part III. The Turn to History. 64 Part IV. Restorative and Transformative Justice: Matters of Praxis... 2023
Deborah M. Weissman GENDER VIOLENCE AS LEGACY: TO IMAGINE NEW APPROACHES 34 Hastings Journal on Gender and the Law 55 (Spring, 2023) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 55 Part I. Defining RJ/TJ and Identifying the Challenges. 58 A. Restorative Justice (RJ). 58 B. Transformative Justice (TJ). 59 Part II. From Carceral Responses to Addressing the Political Economy of IPV. 61 Part III. The Turn to History. 64 Part IV. Restorative and Transformative Justice: Matters of Praxis... 2023
Pooja R. Dadhania GENDER-BASED RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION 107 Minnesota Law Review 1563 (April, 2023) Asylum law fails to protect women and girls fleeing gender-based violence that occurs in the home or the private sphere. Gender-based violence survivors who are persecuted in the private sphere currently must undertake legal gymnastics to fit their claims within the purview of U.S. asylum law. This Article reframes gender-based violence as... 2023
Claire Lisker GEOGRAPHIC AND LINGUISTIC BELONGING: A PREREQUISITE FOR FULL CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 39 Chicana/o-Latina/o Law Review 183 (2023) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 184 I. Geographic Belonging. 190 A. The Ethno-Racialized Conception of U.S. Territorial Sovereignty - A Brief History. 190 B. Modern Territorial Sovereignty: Patrolling the Border. 192 II. Linguistic Belonging. 198 A. Jury Exclusions. 199 B. English-Only Rules and Inadequate Title VII and Title VI... 2023
Valeria Gomez GEOGRAPHY AS DUE PROCESS IN IMMIGRATION COURT 2023 Wisconsin Law Review 1 (2023) Even when limited by the plenary power doctrine, noncitizen respondents in removal proceedings are entitled to due process before immigration courts. At its core, due process in immigration court requires fundamental fairness--the opportunity to be heard and to mount a defense to deportation. Implicit in this right is the ability to access the... 2023
Mark L. Jones GRABBING THE BULL BY THE HORNS: JURISPRUDENTIAL, ETHICAL, AND OTHER LESSONS FOR LAWYERS AND LAW STUDENTS IN THE IMMIGRATION LABYRINTH AND BEYOND 45 University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review 381 (Spring, 2023) C1-2Table of Contents I. The Role of Stories and the Myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. 388 II. The Myth of Theseus and the Minotaur and the Nature of Law in the Modern Nation-State. 392 A. Origin and Functions of Law. 393 1. Law in General. 393 2. Immigration Law. 399 B. Sources of Governmental Power and Law. 402 1. Law in General. 402 2.... 2023
Alexis Boyd HAIR ME OUT: WHY DISCRIMINATION AGAINST BLACK HAIR IS RACE DISCRIMINATION UNDER TITLE VII 31 American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 75 (2023) I. Introduction. 77 II. Background. 80 A. Discrimination Against Black Hair in Context. 80 B. Is Hair Discrimination Race Discrimination?. 82 1. Federal Protection: Under Title VII, Employers Cannot Discriminate Against a Person Because of Their Race. 82 2. Federal Court Precedent: Traditionally, Race-Based Hair Discrimination is Not Recognized as... 2023
Ariadna Quinares Navarrete HAVING DECENCY TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS REQUIRES THE ABOLITION OF FOR-PROFIT DETENTION CENTERS 22 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 121 (Fall, 2023) The United States has been described as an [i]ncarceration nation due to its status of having the highest incarceration rate amongst nations. Incarceration is used by the United States in many forms, especially immigration detention, which further exacerbates the issue of high incarceration. The purpose of this article is to shine light on the... 2023
Randi Mandelbaum HEEDING THE VOICES OF MIGRANT YOUTH: THE NEED FOR ACTION 121 Michigan Law Review 965 (April, 2023) Unaccompanied: The Plight of Immigrant Youth at the Border. By Emily Ruehs-Navarro. New York: New York University Press. 2022. Pp. ix, 163. Cloth, $89; paper, $28. Nicolas is a sixteen-year-old boy who was forced to flee Ecuador due to extreme poverty as well as threats to him and his family (pp. 1-2). His father had resided in the United States... 2023
Zahra Stardust, Danielle Blunt, Gabriella Garcia, Lorelei Lee, Kate D'Adamo, Rachel Kuo HIGH RISK HUSTLING: PAYMENT PROCESSORS, SEXUAL PROXIES, AND DISCRIMINATION BY DESIGN 26 CUNY Law Review 57 (Winter, 2023) Key words: sex work, financial discrimination, sexual surveillance, precarious labor, algorithmic profiling Sex workers are increasingly documenting financial discrimination when accessing banks, payment processors, and financial providers. As hustle economy workers, barriers to digital financial infrastructure impact sex workers' abilities to... 2023
Lili Dao , Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, New York, USA HOLLOW LAW AND UTILITARIAN LAW: THE DEVALUING OF DEPORTATION HEARINGS IN NEW YORK CITY AND PARIS 57 Law and Society Review 317 (September, 2023) How is law made worthless to the marginalized? Drawing on ethnographic observations in Paris and New York City, I establish a typology of devaluation practices in deportation hearings. I analyze how informal court practices devalue court actors, the hearing, and the law itself. Despite different levels of formal protections for migrants,... 2023
Nicole Hallett HOW DO YOU TEACH IMMORAL LAWS? 67 Saint Louis University Law Journal 543 (Spring, 2023) Teaching immigration law means teaching a system of oppression. Given this, how do professors of immigration law reconcile their status as representatives of the legal system with the harm that the system causes? Can you ethically encourage law students to develop professional identities that require participation in an immoral system? This article... 2023
Paulina D. Arnold HOW IMMIGRATION DETENTION BECAME EXCEPTIONAL 75 Stanford Law Review 261 (February, 2023) Abstract. Over the last five years, the United States has held around 37,000 people in immigration detention every day. Over 70% are held without any chance of bond. For those who manage to obtain a bond hearing, they bear the burden of proving that they are neither dangerous nor a flight risk. This scheme would be plainly illegal under the... 2023
Rebecca Sharpless, Kristi E. Wintermeyer, MD HUMAN FRAILTY, UNBREAKABLE VICTIMS, AND ASYLUM 54 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 726 (Spring, 2023) This article analyzes the asylum decisions of immigration agencies and federal appellate courts and demonstrates that the case law driven standard for persecution is out of step with the original meaning of the term, international law standards, and contemporary understanding of how human beings experience physical and mental harm. Medical and... 2023
Alexandra Ciullo HUMANITARIAN PAROLE: A TALE OF TWO CRISES 37 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 493 (Spring, 2023) In 2021 and 2022, massive conflicts erupted in Afghanistan and Ukraine, prompting two wildly different responses by the United States to the resulting refugee flows. The United States turned to a temporary immigration status, humanitarian parole, to welcome both Afghan and Ukrainian refugees. Through a brand-new government program, Uniting for... 2023
Andrew Tae-Hyun Kim IMMIGRANT TORTS 57 U.C. Davis Law Review 1059 (December, 2023) In 2022, the Supreme Court effectively gutted a long-standing constitutional remedy for torts committed by federal officers. In the process, it seemingly immunized even the most serious abuses committed by Border Patrol agents. Such dramatic legal transformation has occurred despite--and perhaps because of--the soaring numbers of migrants at the... 2023
Elizabeth Hannah IMMIGRATION DETENTION IS NEVER "PRESUMPTIVELY REASONABLE": STRENGTHENING PROTECTIONS FOR IMMIGRANTS WITH FINAL REMOVAL ORDERS 65 Arizona Law Review 505 (Summer, 2023) Immigration detention is a central feature of the United States' immigration system. Noncitizens facing removal are detained in staggering numbers throughout the removal process, from the initiation of legal proceedings to the issuance of a final removal order. Moreover, as the U.S. government's reliance upon immigration detention has grown, the... 2023
Jennifer J. Lee IMMIGRATION DISOBEDIENCE 111 California Law Review 71 (February, 2023) The immigration system operates through the looming threat of the arrest, detention, and removal of immigrants from the United States. Indiscriminate immigrant arrests result in family separation. Immigrants languish in carceral facilities for months or even years. For most undocumented immigrants, there is no available pathway to citizenship. To... 2023
Pratheepan Gulasekaram IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT PREEMPTION 84 Ohio State Law Journal 535 (2023) The Supreme Court's 2012 decision, Arizona v. United States, turned back the most robust and brazen state regulation of immigration in recent memory, striking down several provisions of Arizona's omnibus enforcement law. Notably, the Court did not limit preemption inquiries to conflicts between the state law and congressional statutes. The Court... 2023
Bianca N. DiBella , Michael C. Duffey IMMIGRATION LAW 74 Mercer Law Review 1465 (Summer, 2023) This Article surveys cases from the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022, in which immigration law was a central focus of the case. The Article begins with a discussion of cases addressing procedural and jurisdictional issues and the interpretation of decisions by lower and state... 2023
Geoffrey Heeren IMMIGRATION LAW AND SLAVERY: RETHINKING THE MIGRATION OR IMPORTATION CLAUSE 2023 Wisconsin Law Review 1125 (2023) The origins of immigration law are deeply connected to slavery. An examination of that connection calls the constitutional foundation for immigration law into question, alters the calculus for judicial review of federal immigration action, reframes our understanding of federalism, and lays bare the nation's exploitative dependence on immigrant... 2023
Peter Margulies IMMIGRATION LAW'S BOUNDARY PROBLEM: DETERMINING THE SCOPE OF EXECUTIVE DISCRETION 74 Hastings Law Journal 679 (February, 2023) In immigration law, executive discretion has become contested terrain. Courts, officials, and scholars have rarely distinguished between regulatory discretion, which facilitates exclusion and removal of noncitizens, and protective discretion, which safeguards noncitizens' reliance interests. Moreover, courts have long discerned an internal-external... 2023
Fatma Marouf IMMIGRATION LAW'S MISSING PRESUMPTION 111 Georgetown Law Journal 983 (May, 2023) The presumption of innocence is a foundational concept in criminal law but is completely missing from quasi-criminal immigration proceedings. This Article explores the relevance of a presumption of innocence to removal proceedings, arguing that immigration law has been designed and interpreted in ways that disrupt formulating any such presumption... 2023
  IMMIGRATION--NATIONAL SECURITY--STATE STANDING--UNITED STATES v. TEXAS 137 Harvard Law Review 350 (November, 2023) Executive discretion in federal enforcement proceedings is, perhaps, a distinctly American legal tradition. In the eighteenth century, while private litigants dominated criminal actions in England, American fidelity to separation of powers created an executive monopoly over enforcement. The very 1789 Judiciary Act that recognized those learned... 2023
Nina Farnia IMPERIALISM AND BLACK DISSENT 75 Stanford Law Review 397 (February, 2023) Abstract. As U.S. imperialism expanded during the twentieth century, the modern national security state came into being and became a major force in the suppression of Black dissent. This Article reexamines the modern history of civil liberties law and policy and contends that Black Americans have historically had uneven access to the right to... 2023
Cori Alonso-Yoder IMPERIALIST IMMIGRATION REFORM 91 Fordham Law Review 1623 (April, 2023) For decades, one of the most challenging domestic policy matters has been immigration reform. Dogged by controversial notions of what makes for a desirable immigrant and debates about enforcement and amnesty, elected officials have largely given up on achieving comprehensive, bipartisan immigration solutions. The lack of federal action has led to... 2023
Jojo Annobil, Elizabeth Gibson IMPROVING LAWYERS & LIVES: HOW IMMIGRANT JUSTICE CORPS BUILT A MODEL FOR QUALITY REPRESENTATION WHILE EMPOWERING RECENT LAW SCHOOL AND COLLEGE GRADUATES AND THE IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES WHOM THEY SERVE 92 Fordham Law Review 823 (December, 2023) Introduction. 824 I. Building a Solution. 827 A. The Representation Crisis Before 2014. 827 B. Arriving at a Vision for Immigrant Justice Corps. 831 C. Finding Funding. 836 II. Initial Implementation. 836 A. The Inaugural Class. 837 1. Luis Mancheno, Justice Fellow. 838 2. Aseem Mehta, Community Fellow. 839 B. Host Organization Partners. 840 C.... 2023
Joseph Cauich-Tamay INDIGENOUS GROUPS WHO HAVE BEEN ENVIRONMENTALLY DISPLACED SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ENVIRONMENTAL ASYLEES UNDER A PARTICULAR SOCIAL GROUP 24 Rutgers Race & the Law Review 257 (2023) C1-2Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION. 257 II. CURRENT IMMIGRATION LAWS DO NOT ADEQUATELY PROTECT INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN ENVIRONMENTALLY DISPLACED. 264 III. LEGAL DEFINITION OF REFUGEE AND DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN ASYLEE AND REFUGEE. 267 A. Applicable Law: 8 U.S. Code § 1158. 268 B. Burden of Proof: 8 U.S. Code § 1158 (b)(1)(B)(i-iii). 269 C.... 2023
William J. Fife III , Beylul Solomon INDIGENOUS RIGHTS: A PATHWAY TO END AMERICAN SECOND-CLASS CITIZENSHIP 32 Southern California Review of Law & Social Justice 59 (Winter, 2023) Nearly 4 million American residents in U.S. territories are second-class citizens, lacking individual and collective voting rights and burdened with other gross socioeconomic and healthcare disparities. These disparities affect many honorable veterans that suffer from physical and mental injuries due to fighting for rights they themselves do not... 2023
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