| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year |
| Dagmar Rita Myslinska |
Contemporary First-generation European Americans: the Unbearable "Whiteness" of Being |
88 Tulane Law Review 559 (February, 2014) |
Contemporary European immigrants face unique sociocultural and legal concerns that go beyond issues of race, class, national-origin, and accent discrimination. These concerns are not adequately addressed by laws protecting groups based on their national origins or ancestries. Scholarship and public discussions are silent on this topic. As a result,... |
2014 |
| Shani M. King |
CONTEXTUALIZING (CHILDREN'S) IMMIGRATION IN LAW, HISTORY, THEORY AND POLITICS |
2022 Michigan State Law Review 187 (2022) |
Introduction. 188 I. Othering--A Brief Interpretation. 192 II. The Child as an Other. 194 A. Children as Others: Dependency (Nonadults) in Immigration Law. 198 B. Children as Others: Their Alienage or the Alienage of Their Parents in Family Law. 210 C. Repetition of Othering Narratives in Application of Welfare and Education Laws. 213 III. A... |
2022 |
| Allan Colbern, Melanie Amoroso-Pohl, Courtney Gutiérrez |
Contextualizing Sanctuary Policy Development in the United States: Conceptual and Constitutional Underpinnings, 1979 to 2018 |
46 Fordham Urban Law Journal 489 (June, 2019) |
Introduction. 490 I. Approaches to Understanding Sanctuary. 495 A. Typological-Legal Approach. 496 B. Historical-Legal Approach. 502 C. Historical-Moral Approach. 507 D. Policy-Data Approach. 509 II. Sanctuary Policy Development. 511 A. Period 1: 1979-1995 Sanctuary from Immigration Law. 515 1. Church Sanctuary Movement. 517 2. Moral Activism... |
2019 |
| Camille Gear Rich |
Contracting Our Way to Inequality: Race, Reproductive Freedom, and the Quest for the Perfect Child |
104 Minnesota Law Review 2375 (May, 2020) |
Introduction. 2377 I. Packaging Race in the ART Market. 2391 A. Packaging Gametes. 2392 B. Packaging Race. 2397 C. Packaging and Its Effect on Consumer Perceptions. 2405 1. The Re-Biologization of Race. 2406 2. Re-Instantiating Racial Categories. 2407 3. Racial Purity Rules. 2409 4. The Toxic Search for Whiteness. 2410 5. Anti-Miscegenation Ethos.... |
2020 |
| Jeffrey L. Ehrenpreis |
Controlling Our Borders Through Enhanced Employer Sanctions |
79 Southern California Law Review 1203 (July 1, 2006) |
As a nation built by immigrants, the United States has historically maintained a generally pro-immigration policy. For many Americans, however, the current immigration system appears broken. Proponents of tighter immigration controls often point to the fact that two of the terrorists involved in the attacks on September 11, 2001 received approval... |
2006 |
| Elizabeth L. Young |
Converging Systems: How Changes in Fact and Law Require a Reassessment of Suppression in Immigration Proceedings |
17 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 1395 (May, 2015) |
Introduction. 1395 I. Lopez-Mendoza - Applying the Janis Test in immigration court. 1400 A. Background on Immigration Proceedings. 1402 B. Application of the Exclusionary Rule in Civil Proceedings: The Janis Test. 1406 II. Reassessing Social Cost and Deterrence Benefits. 1412 A. Nature of Immigration Proceedings. 1412 1. From Exclusion and... |
2015 |
| Christopher Carlberg |
Cooperative Noncooperation: a Proposal for an Effective Uniform Noncooperation Immigration Policy for Local Governments |
77 George Washington Law Review 740 (April, 2009) |
If you are an illegal immigrant in New York City and a crime is committed against you, I want you to report that. Because . . . the next time a crime is committed, it could be against a citizen or a legal immigrant. -- Rudolph Giuliani Leaders of states, cities, and counties in the United States, like Mayor Giuliani, have struggled to determine... |
2009 |
| Ashley Binetti Armstrong |
CO-OPTING CORONAVIRUS, ASSAILING ASYLUM |
35 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 361 (Winter, 2021) |
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued an Order on March 26, 2020, under Title 42, Section 265 of the Public Health Service Act, in the name of combatting the spread of coronavirus. The Order has been called the Asylum Ban because it effectively has sealed the southern border to protection-seekers, resulting in the pushback of nearly... |
2021 |
| Britta S. Loftus |
Coordinating U.s. Law on Immigration and Human Trafficking: Lifting the Lamp to Victims |
43 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 143 (Fall, 2011) |
Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp! cries she With silent lips. Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door! There can be no doubt that the image of a stoic Lady Liberty welcoming... |
2011 |
| Paul Finkelman |
Coping with a New "Yellow Peril": Japanese Immigration, the Gentlemen's Agreement, and the Coming of World War Ii |
117 West Virginia Law Review 1409 (Spring, 2015) |
I. Introduction. 1409 II. Early Opposition to Immigration in a Continent of Immigrants. 1412 III. Hostility to Immigration from the Revolution to the Civil War. 1415 IV. Hostility to European Immigrants, 1880-1924. 1420 V. East Asian Immigration. 1421 VI. The New Yellow Peril: Japanese Immigration. 1426 VII. The Rise of Anti-Japanese Sentiment,... |
2015 |
| Rebecca Sharpless |
Cosmopolitan Democracy and the Detention of Immigrant Families |
47 New Mexico Law Review 19 (Winter, 2017) |
July 10, 2014: [O]ur message to [people who unlawfully cross the Mexican border with their children] is simple: We will send you back. We are building additional space to detain [families] and hold them until their expedited removal orders are effectuated. Jeh Johnson, Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security June 24, 2015: I have... |
2017 |
| Heidi Beirich, Mark Potok |
Countering Anti-immigration Extremism: the Southern Poverty Law Center's Strategies |
12 New York City Law Review 405 (Summer 2009) |
At the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first, it became increasingly clear that the United States was seeing the rise of a xenophobic and ostensibly racist anti-immigration movement. This nativist wave was, unsurprisingly, accompanied by a rise since 2000 of more than fifty percent in the number of hate groups listed by... |
2009 |
| Madeleine Powers |
COUNTERING THE CRIMINAL NATURE OF IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT: A PROPOSAL TO EXPAND CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS |
21 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 51 (Fall, 2022) |
The Supreme Court of the United States has maintained that immigration deportation proceedings are purely civil actions and are not criminal proceedings intended to punish unlawful entry or presence of noncitizens. Given this classification, noncitizens facing deportation are not afforded many of the same constitutional safeguards as defendants... |
2022 |
| Stephen M. Feldman |
Court-packing Time? Supreme Court Legitimacy and Positivity Theory |
68 Buffalo Law Review 1519 (December, 2020) |
Many progressives have decided they need to change the Supreme Court to break the conservative justices' lock on judicial power. Yet those same progressives disagree about the best way to change the Court. This Essay begins by comparing straight-forward court-packing--adding justices to shift the partisan balance on the Court--to other possible... |
2020 |
| |
COURTS IN NAME ONLY: REPAIRING AMERICA'S IMMIGRATION ADJUDICATION SYSTEM |
136 Harvard Law Review 908 (January, 2023) |
In recent years, immigration has risen to the top of America's collective consciousness. From President Trump's infamous Muslim ban to the separation of families at the border and the Biden Administration's response to Haitian refugees (and its subsequent response to Afghan and Ukrainian refugees), the fervor surrounding immigration has... |
2023 |
| Brian G. Slocum |
Courts Vs. The Political Branches: Immigration "Reform" and the Battle for the Future of Immigration Law |
5 Georgetown Journal of Law and Public Policy 509 (Summer, 2007) |
When the topic of immigration reform is discussed, the focus is usually on the efforts of the political branches, particularly Congress. The role of the judiciary is typically ignored or mischaracterized. In this Article, Professor Slocum discusses the role of the judiciary with regard to immigration reform and argues that the judiciary's efforts... |
2007 |
| Henry J. Reske |
Courts Wrangle over Haitians |
78-MAR ABA Journal 30 (March, 1992) |
A daring group of Cubans commandeers a state-owned helicopter and makes a dramatic and dangerous flight to freedom. They leave behind a repressive government and a country in economic chaos. They are welcomed in Florida with open arms, quickly processed through an Immigration and Naturalization Service detention center, and released. They will be... |
1992 |
| Richard A. Boswell |
Crafting an Amnesty with Traditional Tools: Registration and Cancellation |
47 Harvard Journal on Legislation 175 (Winter 2010) |
Two pieces of legislation form the cornerstones of modern immigration reform. The first, the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), was enacted by Congress and signed into law by President Ronald Reagan in 1986. IRCA was proclaimed as a major step towards reform and was touted as the solution to the problem of illegal migration. The second,... |
2010 |
| Richard A. Boswell |
Crafting True Immigration Reform |
35 William Mitchell Law Review Rev. 7 (2008) |
I. Introduction. 7 II. The Elusivity of Reform. 8 A. National Security and Terrorism. 13 III. America's Changing Demographics. 19 IV. A Growing Undocumented Population. 22 V. Proposed Reforms. 31 A. Reducing the Underground Population. 32 B. Dealing with the Forces of Migration. 34 VI. Conclusion. 36 |
2008 |
| César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández |
Creating Crimmigration |
2013 Brigham Young University Law Review 1457 (2013) |
The story of the United States has been one of welcoming foreigners. It has also been a story of excluding foreigners. Some prospective immigrants have been deemed worthy of admission into the country, while others have been turned back. Some entered without asking the government's permission and were deported after coming to the federal... |
2013 |
| Marisol Orihuela |
Crim-imm Lawyering |
34 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 613 (Spring, 2020) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 614 I. The Rise of Crim-Imm. 616 II. Lawyering Theory in Criminal and Immigration Law. 619 A. Why Lawyering Models Matter. 620 1. Early Social Change Lawyering Scholarship. 621 2. Intentionality and Self-Reflection. 622 B. Lawyering Theory in Immigration Law. 623 1. Community Lawyering. 624 2. Movement Lawyering.... |
2020 |
| Ingrid V. Eagly |
Criminal Clinics in the Pursuit of Immigrant Rights: Lessons from the Loncheros |
2 UC Irvine Law Review 91 (February, 2012) |
Introduction. 91 I. The Role of Lawyers in the Lonchero Campaign. 93 A. The Organizational Phase: Contesting the Durational Restriction. 94 1. Crime. 96 2. Competition. 98 3. Race. 100 4. Collective Decisionmaking. 104 B. The Individual Phase: Defending the Test Case. 106 II. Implications for Clinics and Practice. 109 A. Individual Clients and Law... |
2012 |
| César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández |
Criminal Defense after Padilla V. Kentucky |
26 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 475 (Spring, 2012) |
Abstract: The Supreme Court's decision in Padilla v. Kentucky involves criminal defense attorneys in immigration law as never before. Long the mediators between defendants and the state's penal authority, these attorneys must now advise their noncitizen clients about the potential immigration pitfalls of a conviction. Just what advice is required,... |
2012 |
| Ingrid V. Eagly |
Criminal Justice for Noncitizens: an Analysis of Variation in Local Enforcement |
88 New York University Law Review 1126 (October, 2013) |
The growing centrality of criminal aliens to American immigration enforcement is one of the most significant historical shifts in the federal immigration system. However, little is known about how this dramatic restructuring of federal immigration priorities affects local criminal justice systems. Do noncitizens experience the same type of... |
2013 |
| |
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE--SEARCHES--SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT OF MASSACHUSETTS HOLDS THAT CONTINUOUS, LONG-TERM POLE CAMERA SURVEILLANCE OUTSIDE HOMES IS A SEARCH UNDER STATE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW.--COMMONWEALTH v. MORA, 150 N.E.3D 297 (MASS. 2020) |
134 Harvard Law Review 1268 (January, 2021) |
Today's digital world brings advanced police surveillance as never seen before, with more vulnerable communities bearing the brunt of these increased interactions and intrusions. And the stakes are high: repeated police exposure, digital or not, increases the risk of violent outcomes. The Fourth Amendment, which has come to regulate police actions... |
2021 |
| Jayesh Rathod |
Criminalization and the Politics of Migration in Brazil |
16 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 147 (Fall, 2018) |
In May 2017, the government of Brazil enacted a new immigration law, replacing a statute introduced in 1980 during the country's military dictatorship with progressive legislation that advances human rights principles and adopts innovative approaches to migration management. One of the most notable features of the new law is its explicit rejection... |
2018 |
| Shirley Lung |
Criminalizing Work and Non-work: the Disciplining of Immigrant and African American Workers |
14 University of Massachusetts Law Review 290 (Spring, 2019) |
The realities of low-wage work in the United States challenge our basic notions of freedom and equality. Many low-wage workers share the condition of being stuck in jobs toiling excessive hours against their will for less than poverty wages in autocratic workplaces. Yet the racial politics of immigration and labor are often used to stir hostility... |
2019 |
| Christopher Levesque, Jack DeWaard, Linus Chan, Michele Garnett McKenzie, Kazumi Tsuchiya, Olivia Toles, Amy Lange, Kim Horner, Eric Ryu, Elizabeth Heger Boyle |
CRIMMIGRATING NARRATIVES: EXAMINING THIRD-PARTY OBSERVATIONS OF US DETAINED IMMIGRATION COURT |
48 Law and Social Inquiry 407 (May, 2023) |
Examining what we call crimmigrating narratives, we show that US immigration court criminalizes non-citizens, cements forms of social control, and dispenses punishment in a non-punitive legal setting. Building on theories of crimmigration and a sociology of narrative, we code, categorize, and describe third-party observations of detained... |
2023 |
| Veronika Bajt |
CrImmigration and Nationalist Paranoia |
81 IUS Gentium 171 (2020) |
Abstract In recent years, European borders have become subject to augmented securitisation, surveillance and militarisation, while EU migration policies are increasingly based on exclusion and denial of migrants' rights. Migration across the globe, both in public policy debates and in everyday life of ordinary people, has increasingly become... |
2020 |
| Juliet P. Stumpf |
CRIMMIGRATION AND THE LEGITIMACY OF IMMIGRATION LAW |
65 Arizona Law Review 113 (Spring, 2023) |
Crimmigration law--the intersection of immigration and criminal law--with its emphasis on immigration enforcement, has been central in discussions over political compromise on immigration reform. Yet crimmigration law's singular approach to interior immigration and criminal law enforcement threatens to undermine public faith in the legitimacy of... |
2023 |
| Christopher N. Lasch |
Crimmigration and the Right to Counsel at the Border Between Civil and Criminal Proceedings |
99 Iowa Law Review 2131 (July, 2014) |
Introduction. 2132 I. Gideon's Operative Proposition and the Court's Decision Rules Implementing It. 2136 A. The Operative Proposition: Does the Right to Counsel Protect More than the Fairness of a Criminal Trial?. 2136 B. Decision Rules Implementing the Right to Counsel in Criminal Cases. 2140 1. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963). 2140 2. Strickland v.... |
2014 |
| Jennifer Lee Koh |
Crimmigration and the Void for Vagueness Doctrine |
2016 Wisconsin Law Review 1127 (2016) |
Since the Supreme Court's 2015 decision in Johnson v. United States--a federal sentencing decision holding that the residual clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act was void for vagueness--the vagueness doctrine has quietly and quickly exploded in the legal landscape governing the immigration consequences of crime. On September 29, 2016, the... |
2016 |
| Rottem Rosenberg Rubins |
Crimmigration as Population Management in the "Control Society": Lessons from the Detention of Asylum-seekers in Israel |
22 New Criminal Law Review 236 (Summer, 2019) |
Scholars have offered various accounts of the forces that have caused the contemporary convergence of immigration enforcement and criminal law enforcement, known as crimmigration. This article argues that such accounts are insufficient, either because they have difficulty explaining the concrete practices by which crimmigration regimes operate,... |
2019 |
| Geoffrey Heeren |
Crimmigration in Gangland: Race, Crime, and Removal During the Prohibition Era |
16 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 65 (Fall, 2018) |
In 1926, local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities in Chicago pursued a deportation drive ostensibly directed at gang members. However, the operation largely took the form of indiscriminate raids on immigrant neighborhoods of the city. Crimmigration in Gangland describes the largely forgotten 1926 deportation drive in Chicago as a... |
2018 |
| Maartje A. H. van der Woude , Joanne P. van der Leun , Jo-Anne A. Nijland |
Crimmigration in the Netherlands |
39 Law and Social Inquiry 560 (Summer, 2014) |
For a long time the Netherlands has been internationally known for its tolerant and humane environment for first- and second-generation migrants. However, as in many European countries, over the past few decades the political debate on immigration has gradually grown more negative. Links between crime, security, migration, and integration have... |
2014 |
| Annie Lai , Christopher N. Lasch |
Crimmigration Resistance and the Case of Sanctuary City Defunding |
57 Santa Clara Law Review 539 (2017) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 540 I. Threats to Defund Sanctuary Cities and Their Origins. 544 A. Four Decades (and Four Waves) of Sanctuary. 546 B. Sanctuary Defunding Becomes a Mainstay of the Trump Campaign. 548 C. Failed Legislative Attempts at Sanctuary Defunding. 550 D. Sanctuary Defunding Pursued as Part of the Federal Budgeting... |
2017 |
| Kevin R. Johnson |
Crimmigration: Keynote Address Racial Profiling in the War on Drugs Meets the Immigration Removal Process: the Case of Moncrieffe V. Holder |
92 Denver University Law Review 701 (2015) |
Today, I want to discuss the Supreme Court's decision in Moncrieffe v. Holder. In analyzing that case, I will try to show how the criminal justice system of the United States, and its disparate treatment of racial minorities, contributes to the current racially disparate impacts in the immigration removal process. The Supreme Court's decision in... |
2015 |
| Yolanda Vázquez |
Crimmigration: the Missing Piece of Criminal Justice Reform |
51 University of Richmond Law Review 1093 (May, 2017) |
Our nation is being robbed of men and women who could be workers and taxpayers, could be more actively involved in their children's lives, could be role models, could be community leaders, and right now they're locked up for a nonviolent offense. --President Barack Obama On July 13, 2015, President Barack Obama commuted the sentences of forty-six... |
2017 |
| Margaret Hu |
Crimmigration-counterterrorism |
2017 Wisconsin Law Review 955 (2017) |
The discriminatory effects that may stem from biometric ID cybersurveillance and other algorithmically-driven screening technologies can be better understood through the analytical prism of crimmigration-counterterrorism: the conflation of crime, immigration, and counterterrorism policy. The historical genesis for this phenomenon can be traced... |
2017 |
| Carrie L. Rosenbaum |
Crimmigration--structural Tools of Settler Colonialism |
16 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law L. 9 (Fall, 2018) |
The systems of immigration and criminal law come together in many important ways, one of which being their role in instilling difference and undermining inclusion and integration. In this article, I will begin a discussion examining the concept of integration, simplistically described as inclusion into American life, not in the more traversed... |
2018 |
| Karen E. Bravo , María Pabón López |
Crisis Meets Reality: a Bold Proposal for Immigration Reform |
61 SMU Law Review 191 (Winter 2008) |
Opening the Floodgates: Why America Needs to Rethink its Borders and Immigration Laws, by Kevin R. Johnson, New York: New York University Press, Critical America Series, 2007, 304 pp, $35.00, ISBN 0814742866. ILLEGAL ALIENS SUCK! This was the brash message on the bumper sticker on the back of a pick-up truck on the north side of Indianapolis,... |
2008 |
| Laila L. Hlass , Lindsay M. Harris |
CRITICAL INTERVIEWING |
2021 Utah Law Review 683 (2021) |
Critical lawyering--also at times called rebellious, community, and movement lawyering--attempts to further social justice alongside impacted communities. While much has been written about the contours of this form of lawyering and case examples illustrating core principles, little has been written about the mechanics of teaching critical lawyering... |
2021 |
| Ruben J. Garcia |
Critical Race Theory and Proposition 187: the Racial Politics of Immigration Law |
17 Chicano-Latino Law Review 118 (Fall 1995) |
In mid-1993, a group of concerned California residents were fed up. They were tired of the illegal aliens whom they blamed for sapping the state's resources. These aliens were everywhere: crowding their children out of public schools, crowding welfare offices, and crowding the emergency rooms of hospitals. To attack these problems, these angry... |
1995 |
| Stefan J. Padfield |
CRONY STAKEHOLDER CAPITALISM |
111 Kentucky Law Journal 441 (2022-2023) |
C1-2Table of Contents Table of Contents. 441 Abstract. 442 Introduction. 442 I. Capitalism, Crony Capitalism, and Stakeholder Capitalism. 445 A. Capitalism Versus Crony Capitalism. 446 B. Stakeholder Capitalism. 450 C. Stakeholder Capitalism as Crony Capitalism. 456 II. A Proposed Solution: Sen. Marco Rubio's Mind Your Own Business Act. 460 A. An... |
2023 |
| Anna Williams Shavers |
Crossing the Border Through Immigration, Importation, Illicit and Other Means and the Implications for Human and Civil Rights |
27 Journal of Civil Rights & Economic Development 501 (Winter, 2014) |
It's that fundamental belief--I am my brother's keeper, I am my sisters' keeper--that makes this country work. It's what allows us to pursue our individual dreams, yet still come together as a single American family. E pluribus unum. Out of many, one. America is enriched by diversity. It is preserved by unity. This symposium, Border Patrols: The... |
2014 |
| Michelle L. Sudano |
Crossing the Final Border: Securing Equal Gender Protection in Immigration Cases |
21 William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal 957 (March, 2013) |
Power without justice is soon questioned. Justice and power must be brought together, so that whatever is just may be powerful, and whatever is powerful may be just. -Blaise Pascal Consider two men, both Mexican immigrants, both convicted of importing marijuana to the United States and both sentenced as drug offenders. The men are similarly... |
2013 |
| Josué López |
Crt and Immigration: Settler Colonialism, Foreign Indigeneity, and the Education of Racial Perception |
19 University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class 134 (Spring, 2019) |
A wall will not end immigration, and neither will immigration laws and policies. Rather, these policies and practices serve to dehumanize immigrants and position them in precarious legal positions where their personhood is constantly called into question. Analyses of immigration from Latin America do not usually focus on Indigenous peoples. When... |
2019 |
| Anna Reed |
CRUEL DILEMMAS IN CONTEMPORARY FERTILITY CARE: PROBLEMATIZING AMERICA'S FAILURE TO ASSURE ACCESS TO FERTILITY PRESERVATION FOR TRANS YOUTH |
29 Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 95 (2022) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 96 I. Background: Fertility Care in the U.S.. 97 A. Catch-22s: Problematizing Parental Involvement & Insurance Gaps in the Context of Fertility Preservation. 100 1. Parental Consent Laws Prevent Youth from Accessing the Care they Need. 100 2. High Out-of-Pocket Costs & the Unavailability of Insurance Coverage... |
2022 |
| Tom Tancredo |
Cui Bono? The Case for an Honest Guest Worker Program |
10 Texas Review of Law and Politics 63 (Fall 2005) |
I. Introduction. 64 II. Politics Versus Policy in Bush's Plan. 65 III. The Political Rationale for Amnesty. 66 IV. The Real Issue: Temporary Employment Versus Permanent Immigration. 68 V. Standards for a Sensible Program. 69 VI. Declining Wage Levels and Lost Tax Revenues. 71 VII. My Proposal: An Honest Plan for Temporary Workers. 77 VIII. Halting... |
2005 |
| Howard F. Chang |
Cultural Communities in a Global Labor Market: Immigration Restrictions as Residential Segregation |
2007 University of Chicago Legal Forum 93 (2007) |
When economists speak of a globalizing world, they have in mind first and foremost the dramatic moves we have made toward a global common market; that is, our evolution toward a world economy integrated across national boundaries. Our progress in this direction has been especially dramatic in the liberalization of international trade in goods.... |
2007 |