| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year |
| Antonio Iglesias |
Abolishing the Private Prison Industry's Evolving Influence on Immigrant Oppression |
25 Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice 293 (Winter, 2019) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 294 I. Background. 295 A. The Growth of the Private Prison Industry. 296 B. The Continued Rise in Immigration Detention. 299 C. The Private Prison Industry's Extensive Role in Immigration Detention. 301 D. The Growing Influence of The Private Prison Industry In The Political And Legislative Process To Secure Its... |
2019 |
| Allegra McLeod |
ABOLITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE |
69 UCLA Law Review 1536 (September, 2023) |
During the coronavirus pandemic, movements for penal abolition and racial justice achieved dramatic growth and increased visibility. While much public discussion of abolition has centered on the call to divest from criminal law enforcement, contemporary abolitionists also understand public safety in terms of building new life-sustaining... |
2023 |
| Alexandria Walden |
Abortion Rights for Ice Detainees: Evaluating Constitutional Challenges to Restrictions on the Right to Abortion for Women in Ice Detention |
43 University of San Francisco Law Review 979 (Spring 2009) |
IMMIGRATION HAS BEEN a perpetual hot topic throughout American history. Debates surrounding immigration policy reform have spurred several major legislative initiatives over the last fifteen years. In 1996, Congress made significant changes to immigration law in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing with the passage of two laws: the Illegal... |
2009 |
| Andrea Flores |
ABOUT TIME: TEMPORAL CONTROL AND ILLEGALITY IN NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE |
46 PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 39 (May, 2023) |
This article examines how time creates immigrant il/legality. It centers on a young, undocumented immigrant who was stopped by police following a traffic violation and held in custody pending potential deportation. However, he was ultimately released due to previously filed legal claims. Through the case, I demonstrate how he, his lawyer, the... |
2023 |
| Deborah A. Morgan |
Access Denied: Barriers to Remedies under the Violence Against Women Act for Limited English Proficient Battered Immigrant Women |
54 American University Law Review 485 (December, 2004) |
Introduction. 486 I. Background. 490 A. The Violence Against Women Act. 490 B. The Story of May, an LEP Battered Immigrant Woman. 492 1. Language barriers to accessing VAWA information. 493 2. Language barriers to completing a VAWA application. 495 C. USCIS's Language Access Obligations Under Executive Order 13,166. 496 1. Title VI of the Civil... |
2004 |
| Nermeen S. Arastu |
ACCESS TO A DOCTOR, ACCESS TO JUSTICE? AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS IN PREVENTING DEPORTATIONS |
35 Harvard Human Rights Journal 47 (Spring, 2022) |
Year after year, the United States has remained the world's largest recipient of humanitarian-based immigration applications. Those seeking protection here must navigate a backlogged and increasingly restrictive system, oftentimes without access to counsel. Most individuals applying for humanitarian relief must prove that they survived egregious... |
2022 |
| Irene Rizzolatti |
ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION: A COMPARATIVE LAW ANALYSIS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIETAL BARRIERS REFUGEES MUST OVERCOME |
56 UIC Law Review 737 (Winter 2023) |
I. Introduction. 738 II. Background. 742 A. Global View on the Right to Higher Education. 744 1. International Laws Protecting the Right to Higher Education. 746 2. Women Refugee's Access to Higher Education. 748 B. Global Issues Faced by Refugees Generally. 750 1. Missing Qualifications. 751 2. Detainment Period. 753 3. Language Access. 754 4.... |
2023 |
| Marzia Barbera, Venera Protopapa |
Access to Justice and Legal Clinics: Developing a Reflective Lawyering Space Some Insights from the Italian Experience |
27 Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 249 (Winter, 2020) |
As stated in the introduction to this special issue, the right to access to justice is critical in a liberal state: it allows individuals to defend their interests in court and to achieve full inclusion in the political community. Nonetheless, epistemological, class, and market inequalities have historically hindered its realization. Worldwide,... |
2020 |
| Gwynne Harris Birzer , Hite, Fanning & Honeyman L.L.P., Wichita, KBA Diversity Committee Chair |
Achieving Diversity in the Kansas Legal Profession |
77-OCT Journal of the Kansas Bar Association B.A. 6 (October, 2008) |
Racial and ethnic diversity has always been a hallmark of American society. Immigration from different parts of the world, and the different fertility and mortality rates among recent migrants, has kept the racial and ethnic composition in flux. Diversity is not only strength, it is a necessity. Our values should reflect appreciation of diversity... |
2008 |
| Ruben J. Garcia |
Across the Borders: Immigrant Status and Identity in Law and Latcrit Theory |
55 Florida Law Review 511 (January, 2003) |
I. L2-3,T3Introduction 512. II. L2-3,T3The Porous Borders of Existing Legal Doctrines 515. A. Workplace Law: Weak Protection of Immigrants. 515 B. Fair Housing Law: No Home for the Immigrant Worker. 520 C. Darkness: Public Accommodations, Hate Crimes, and Street Harassment. 522 D. The Mutually Constitutive Nature of Law and Society. 523 III.... |
2003 |
| Sadie M. Casamenti |
ACTS OF JUSTICE: RESTORING JUSTICE FOR IMMIGRANTS THROUGH STATE PARDONS |
43 Cardozo Law Review 2473 (August, 2022) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 2474 I. Background. 2479 A. Plenary Power and the Erosion of Federal Exclusivity Over Immigration. 2479 1. Traditional Understandings of Plenary Power. 2479 2. The Shift from Plenary Power to the Recognition of State Authority in Protecting Immigrants. 2481 B. Pardon Powers and State Sovereignty. 2483 1. Origins... |
2022 |
| Carmen Gloria Iguina |
Adapting to 287(g) Enforcement: Rethinking Suppression and Termination Doctrines in Removal Proceedings in Light of State and Local Enforcement of Immigration Law |
86 New York University Law Review 207 (April, 2011) |
Two legal doctrines govern the suppression of evidence and termination of removal proceedings following constitutional or regulatory violations in immigration enforcement. The Lopez-Mendoza doctrine governs suppression of evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights. The Accardi doctrine governs suppression of evidence and termination of... |
2011 |
| Cyra Akila Choudhury , Shruti Rana |
ADDRESSING ASIAN (IN)VISIBILITY IN THE ACADEMY |
51 Southwestern Law Review 287 (2022) |
To be Asian American in the legal academy is to be caught between a paradox and a dichotomy, with both marked by silencing and erasure. The paradox exists within the term Asian American itself, as Asian and American have historically been posed as antithetical identities in U.S. history and jurisprudence. On one side is a representation of... |
2022 |
| Leticia M. Saucedo |
Addressing Segregation in the Brown Collar Workplace: Toward a Solution for the Inexorable 100% |
41 University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 447 (Winter 2008) |
Despite public perception to the contrary, segregated workplaces exist in greater number today than ever before, largely because of the influx of newly arrived immigrant workers to low-wage industries throughout the country. Yet existing anti-discrimination frameworks no longer operate adequately to rid workplaces of the segregation that results... |
2008 |
| Scott Aronin |
ADDRESSING THE DELIBERATIVE DEFICIT: A PROPOSAL TO IMPROVE THE BALLOT-INITIATIVE PROCESS |
34 Stanford Law and Policy Review 181 (2023) |
The ballot initiative, a form of direct democracy practiced across the country, is often held up as a model of implementing the people's will and, therefore, achieving democracy's most fundamental aim. But with direct popular control over policymaking comes a cost: limited deliberative processes to develop proposals. I call this cost the... |
2023 |
| Bill Ong Hing |
ADDRESSING THE INTERSECTION OF RACIAL JUSTICE AND IMMIGRANT RIGHTS |
9 Belmont Law Review 357 (Spring, 2022) |
Introduction. 358 I. The Intersection of Racial Justice and Immigrant Rights. 359 A. Anti-Blackness as Manifested in Immigration Laws and Enforcement. 359 1. Racial Justice and Immigration Law Enforcement. 361 a. Criminal Convictions. 361 b. Detention. 361 2. Police Brutality Against Black Immigrants. 363 3. Relevant Cases. 364 4. Legislation. 366... |
2022 |
| Greta Byrum |
Addressing the Social Cost of Digital Transition: a New Decennial Census for 2020 |
47 Fordham Urban Law Journal 883 (June, 2020) |
Introduction. 884 I. Anticipating an Undercount: Center for Popular Democracy Action v. Bureau of the Census. 888 II. The Mechanics of Digital Transition. 890 A. Internet Self-Response (ISR) Portal. 891 B. Non-Response Follow Up (NRFU) Platform. 893 C. Imputation, Not Sampling. 893 III. Digital Equity Risks. 896 A. Digital Equity Risk Analysis. 899... |
2020 |
| Alina Das |
Administrative Constitutionalism in Immigration Law |
98 Boston University Law Review 485 (March, 2018) |
Introduction. 486 I. Constitutional Enforcement in Immigration Law: Limitations on Judicial Intervention. 494 II. The Executive's Role in the Enforcement of Constitutional Norms in Immigration Law. 502 A. Immigration Adjudication. 504 1. Constitutional Challenges in Substantive Immigration Law. 506 2. Constitutional Avoidance in Statutory... |
2018 |
| Ashley Albert , Amy Mulzer |
ADOPTION CANNOT BE REFORMED |
12 Columbia Journal of Race and Law 1 (July, 2022) |
I. Introduction. 2 II. Adoption as Family Regulation. 8 A. Child-Saving and the Creating of Legal Adoption. 10 B. Georgia Tann and the Development of Sealed Records. 14 C. The Baby Scoop Era. 16 D. The Rise of Transracial Adoption, the Modern Family Regulation System, and the Permanency Ideal. 18 1. The Indian Adoption Project. 18 2. The... |
2022 |
| Juliet Stumpf, Bruce Friedman |
Advancing Civil Rights Through Immigration Law: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? |
6 NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 131 (2002-2003) |
The migration of the labor pool across international borders forces nations to face conflicting pressures to maintain the cultural and economic status of the current population, while at the same time responding to the demand for more labor. In the United States, the response to this problem is immigration law-- the primary tool that the... |
2003 |
| Marcela Mendoza , Edward M. Olivos |
Advocating for Control with Compassion: the Impacts of Raids and Deportations on Children and Families |
11 Oregon Review of International Law 111 (2009) |
I. Growth and Expansion of Immigration Enforcement Operations. 113 II. Impacts of Raids and Deportations on Children, Families, and Communities. 116 L1-2Conclusion . L3121 |
2009 |
| |
AFFIRMATIVE DUTIES IN IMMIGRATION DETENTION |
134 Harvard Law Review 2486 (May, 2021) |
Detention has become an undeniably central part of immigration enforcement today. In principle, the constitutional right to be free from deprivation of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law extends to all persons within U.S. territory, regardless of citizenship. In practice, due process for noncitizen detainees tends to be far... |
2021 |
| Jeena Shah |
Affirming Affirmative Action by Affirming White Privilege: Sffa V. Harvard |
108 Georgetown Law Journal Online 134 (2020) |
Harvard College's race-based affirmative action measures for student admissions survived trial in a federal district court. Harvard's victory has since been characterized as [t]hrilling, yet [p]yrrhic. Although the court's reasoning should be lauded for its thorough assessment of Harvard's race-based affirmative action, the roads not taken by... |
2020 |
| Collins C. Ajibo , Miriam C. Anozie, Timothy O. Umahi, Samuel I. Nwatu |
Africa-china Investment Partnership for Development: the Downside, the Promises and a Roadmap for the Future |
15 Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law & Policy 285 (March, 2020) |
The emergence of China as a major capital exporting country, bolstered by its policy of the Belt and Road initiative (BRI), has resulted in an unprecedented influx of Chinese investment, loan financing and infrastructure development ever recorded by a single investor in Africa. The Chinese investment straddles virtually all sectors, ranging from... |
2020 |
| Bolatito Kolawole |
African Immigrants, Intersectionality, and the Increasing Need for Visibility in the Current Immigration Debate |
7 Columbia Journal of Race and Law 373 (2017) |
Africans are one of the fastest growing immigrant groups in the United States, yet their presence receives very little attention in public discourse about immigration. In an era where America's immigration policies have grown increasingly insular, African immigrants are particularly at risk of having measures that historically facilitated their... |
2017 |
| Judy Scales-Trent |
African Women in France: Immigration, Family, and Work |
24 Brooklyn Journal of International Law 705 (1999) |
In the Fall of 1997, much of the news in France seemed to lead back to Africa-- back to reminders of French colonization on that continent, back to the painful memories of those years. Most of this news centered on Algeria. It was a time when waves of terrorism were sweeping Algeria. As residents of entire villages were being slaughtered at random,... |
1999 |
| Peter L. Markowitz |
After Ice: a New Humane & Effective Immigration Enforcement Paradigm |
55 Wake Forest Law Review 89 (Spring, 2020) |
In recent years, as the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency's (ICE) brutal tactics have devasted communities across the nation, a growing chorus of activists and policymakers have begun calling for the agency to be abolished. Abolish ICE advocates have made a compelling case for the irredeemable deficiencies of ICE; they have exposed... |
2020 |
| Stephen Macedo |
After the Backlash: Populism and the Politics and Ethics of Migration |
14 Law & Ethics of Human Rights 153 (November, 2020) |
Abstract: In the U.S., and elsewhere, populism has been democracy's way of shaking elites up. We can view populism in part as a revolt of the losers, or perceived losers, of globalization. Yet elites have often paid too little heed to the domestic distributive impact of high immigration and globalized trade. Immigration and globalization are also... |
2020 |
| Alexander A. Boni-Saenz |
AGE DIVERSITY |
94 Southern California Law Review 303 (January, 2021) |
This Article is the first to examine age diversity in the legal literature, mapping out its descriptive, normative, and legal dimensions. Age diversity is a plural concept, as heterogeneity of age can take many forms in various human institutions. Likewise, the normative rationales for these assorted age diversities are rooted in distinct... |
2021 |
| Annette C. Escobar |
Aggravating the Immigration Paradox: the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act's Effect on U.s. Immigration Policy |
11 Saint Thomas Law Review 445 (Spring, 1999) |
C1-3TABLE OF CONTENTS L1-2Introduction R3446. I. Immigration Law Before NACARA. 448 II. The Supreme Court and Immigration. 453 III. NACARA's Inception and Resulting Configuration: Exacerbating Havoc in Immigration Law. 457 A. Government Submission to Interest Group Uproar Over the Restrictive 1996 Legislation. 458 B. Virtually Automatic Asylum for... |
1999 |
| Margaret Hu |
Algorithmic Jim Crow |
86 Fordham Law Review 633 (November, 2017) |
This Article contends that current immigration- and security-related vetting protocols risk promulgating an algorithmically driven form of Jim Crow. Under the separate but equal discrimination of a historic Jim Crow regime, state laws required mandatory separation and discrimination on the front end, while purportedly establishing equality on the... |
2017 |
| Keith Cunningham-Parmeter |
Alien Language: Immigration Metaphors and the Jurisprudence of Otherness |
79 Fordham Law Review 1545 (March, 2011) |
Metaphors tell the story of immigration law. Throughout its immigration jurisprudence, the U.S. Supreme Court has employed rich metaphoric language to describe immigrants attacking nations and aliens flooding communities. This Article applies research in cognitive linguistics to critically evaluate the metaphoric construction of immigrants in the... |
2011 |
| Peter Brimelow. New York: Harperperennial Library. 1996., Lawrence P. Donnelly |
Alien Nation: Common Sense about America's Immigration Disaster |
22 Suffolk Transnational Law Review 311 (Winter, 1998) |
A few years ago now, Peter Brimelow, a well-known advocate for a more restrictive United States immigration policy, wrote a book, which codified his views with a plethora of statistical support, that revolutionized the immigration debate. As an immigrant to the United States himself, Brimelow brings a unique perspective to this debate which he... |
1998 |
| John Gibeaut |
Alien Resurrection: Justices Open the Door for States to Control Immigration Status |
97-AUG ABA Journal 22 (August, 2011) |
In one respect, the U.S. Supreme Court issued an opinion so narrow it squeaked when it upheld an Arizona state law that can harshly punish employers who hire illegal immigrants. Indeed, Arizona business leaders say they expect little change in their state as a result of the May 26 decision in Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting. But in another respect,... |
2011 |
| Amy F. Kimpel |
ALIENATING CRIMINAL PROCEDURE |
37 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 237 (Winter, 2023) |
The paradigmatic federal criminal case is not the prosecution of Elizabeth Holmes or John Gotti, but rather that of a poor immigrant of color for a low-level border offense. There persists a perception that federal criminal court is reserved for complex crimes that require robust resources to prosecute and defend. These resources are said to fund... |
2023 |
| Sarah E. Mullen-DomÃnguez |
Alienating the Unalienable: Equal Protection and Valley Park, Missouri's Illegal Immigration Ordinance |
52 Saint Louis University Law Journal 1317 (Summer 2008) |
Mayor Jeffrey Whitteaker turned up his radio as he cruised down Highway 30 in his American-made pick-up. A radio report caught his ear. It described a rousing controversy over a municipal ordinance recently passed in the small town of Hazelton, Pennsylvania. Hazelton's City Council had enacted an ordinance that cracked down on the illegal... |
2008 |
| Kevin R. Johnson |
Aliens and the U.s. Immigration Laws: the Social and Legal Construction of Nonpersons |
28 University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 263 (1997) |
L1-3,T3I. Introduction 264 L1-4 L1-3,T3II. Citizens and Aliens' 270 L1-4 A. Deportable and Excludable Aliens'. 274 L1-4 B. Good (Legal) and Bad (Illegal) Aliens'. 276 L1-4 C. Implications of the Alien Terminology. 279 L1-4 L1-3,T3III. The Influence of Race 281 L1-4 A. Some Examples: Mexicans, Haitians, Cubans. 282 L1-4 B. The Absence of... |
1997 |
| Raquel Aldana , Sylvia R. Lazos Vargas |
Aliens in Our midst Post-9/11: Legislating Outsiderness Within the Borders |
38 U.C. Davis Law Review 1683 (June, 2005) |
Defining America Through Immigration Policy (Mapping Racisms Series). By Bill Ong Hing. Temple University Press, 2003. Pp. 336. The Huddled Masses Myth: Immigration and Civil Rights. By Kevin R. Johnson. Temple University Press, 2003. Pp. 264. Alienated: Immigrant Rights, the Constitution, and Equality in America. By Victor C. Romero. New York... |
2005 |
| Martin H. Malin |
Alt Labor? Why We Still Need Traditional Labor |
95 Chicago-Kent Law Review 157 (2020) |
The United States' workplace is characterized by income inequality, and there is strong evidence that the decline of collective bargaining has played a significant role in that phenomenon. There is also strong evidence that U.S. workers are experiencing a significant voice gap, i.e., a significant difference between the level of influence they... |
2020 |
| Rev. Craig Kyle Hemphill, Esq. |
Am I My Brother's Keeper?: Immigration Law Reform and the Liberty That Is America (A Legal, Theological and Ethical Observation on the Debate of Allowing Immigrant Amnesty). |
15 Texas Hispanic Journal of Law and Policy 51 (Spring 2009) |
I. Immigration. 53 II. History. 54 A. 1986 Act. 54 B. Section 245(i). 55 III. Immigrant Amnesty. 56 A. An Ex-Post Status Determination is Okay. 56 1. Migration and Contribution. 57 B. Immigration through Ethics and Theology. 58 1. The Human Being as Worth. 58 a. comparative theology and ethics regarding human rights--world religions' perspectives... |
2009 |
| M. Akram Faizer |
America First: Improving a Recalcitrant Immigration and Refugee Policy |
84 Tennessee Law Review 933 (Summer, 2017) |
Introduction. 934 I. An Argument for Changing the Current Recalcitrant Immigration Policy to Provide Temporary Residency for International Migrants. 936 II. The Migration Crisis and its Causes. 938 III. Rich World Recalcitrance and its Causes. 940 A. U.S. Migration. 941 B. U.K. Migration. 949 C. French Migration. 950 D. Canadian Migration. 951 IV.... |
2017 |
| Kenzo S. Kawanabe |
American Anti-immigrant Rhetoric Against Asian Pacific Immigrants: the Present Repeats the past |
10 Georgtown Immigration Law Journal 681 (Summer, 1996) |
These words signify the ideal on which America, the nation of immigrants, was built. Whether in 1820 or 1996, through Ellis Island or Angel Island, the American immigrant, inspired by the hopes and dreams of a better life, has brought human capital to this nation. With the exception of Native Americans and indigenous Hawaiian Americans, most... |
1996 |
| Antonia Hernandez |
American Citizenship Post 9-11 |
1 Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties 289 (April, 2005) |
As an immigrant, the child of a United States-citizen father whose family was deported to Mexico during the Depression, as an attorney who has for over twenty-five years sought to change our immigration laws, and as the former President and General Counsel of MALDEF, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, I believe that I have... |
2005 |
| Gabriela Vasquez |
AMERICAN EXCLUSION DOCTRINE: A RESPONSE TO LIBERAL DEFENSES OF STARE DECISIS |
28 National Black Law Journal 1 (2022) |
Stare decisis has long been considered a conservative doctrine. Yet, in recent years, liberals have taken up a defense of the legal principle in efforts to preserve key liberal precedents. Despite the existing critiques of stare decisis as oppressive, political, and inconsistent, advocates along the entire political spectrum continue to claim its... |
2022 |
| Julie Wilensky |
American Gulag: Inside U.s. Immigration Prisons, by Mark Dow |
8 Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal 228 (2005) |
In the wake of stringent 1996 federal immigration laws and post-9/11 terrorism concerns, the number of immigrants held in administrative detention in the U.S. has increased at an alarming rate. The Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (formerly the Immigration and Naturalization Service) currently detains around 200,000 noncitizens each... |
2005 |
| Kayleigh Scalzo |
American Idol: the Domestic and International Implications of Preferencing the Highly Educated and Highly Skilled in U.s. Immigration Law |
79 George Washington Law Review 926 (April, 2011) |
Anna and Peter both live in Poland. Anna is a waitress, and none of her family members has ever been to the United States. Peter is a highly acclaimed ballet dancer, having performed with the best companies worldwide. Like Anna, none of his family members has ever been to the United States. Both Anna and Peter would like to immigrate to the United... |
2011 |
| Charles P. Schwartz, Jr. |
American Immigration Policy |
55 Columbia Law Review 311 (March, 1955) |
Like all newcomers to a community, immigrants invariably create problems. They often face severe personal and economic difficulties in adjusting to an unfamiliar environment. The community finds it difficult to define the standards and methods for admission and integration of the new members since this involves a fresh appraisal of basic... |
1955 |
| Mehwish Shaukat |
American Muslim Women: Who We Are and What We Demand from Feminist Jurisprudence |
31 Hastings Women's Law Journal 155 (Summer, 2020) |
It is time for feminist jurisprudence to recognize American Muslim women (AMW) as a distinct and agentic group. For too long, feminist discourse has victimized and objectified Muslim women. Our identities are constructed, deconstructed, and weaponized to suit third party needs; yet, our voices are rarely heard. When feminist legal theories... |
2020 |
| Nicole Jacoby |
America's De Facto Guest Workers: Lessons from Germany's Gastarbeiter for U.s. Immigration Reform |
27 Fordham International Law Journal 1569 (April, 2004) |
In the summer of 2001, U.S.-Mexican talks on immigration reform reached a pinnacle. In an address to a joint session of Congress in September 2001, Mexican President Vicente Fox pressed for the legalization of undocumented Mexican workers in the United States and bilateral talks between the Mexican leader and his U.S. counterpart yielded promising... |
2004 |
| Karla M. McKanders |
America's Disposable Youth: Undocumented Delinquent Juveniles |
59 Howard Law Journal 197 (Fall, 2015) |
INTRODUCTION. 198 I. CONSTRUCTING THE LEGAL SUBJECT: UNDOCUMENTED DELINQUENT YOUTH AND MULTIPLE LAYERS OF ILLEGALITY. 201 A. Layer One: The Undocumented Child and the Immigration System. 202 1. Rhetoric and the Othering of Immigrants. 204 2. Immigrant Children and Vulnerability. 207 B. Layer Two: State and Local Juvenile Delinquency Systems. 211... |
2015 |