AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYear
Hannah Honeycutt, Olivia S. Jones, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, SC ACCESS TO JUSTICE COMMISSION, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, SC BAR FOUNDATION I WILL ASSIST 36-MAY South Carolina Lawyer 24 (May, 2025) In 2021, the SC Access to Justice Commission, the SC Bar, and the NMRS Center on Professionalism at USC School of Law commissioned South Carolina's first-ever Statewide Civil Legal Needs Assessment. The resulting report is both comprehensive and granular, giving us a deeper understanding of the legal needs of low- and moderate-income South... 2025
Megan Niemitalo IMMIGRATION, FEDERALISM, AND THE INVASION CLAUSES: WHO HAS A SEAT AT THE TABLE IN DISPUTES OVER THE STATE POWER TO REPEL "IMMIGRANT INVADERS" 110 Minnesota Law Review 1015 (December, 2025) In Arizona v. United States, the Supreme Court famously invalidated an Arizona statute that criminalized immigration violations and empowered state officials to enforce immigration law. Arizona seemed to settle the issue of whether states can regulate immigration for the following decade. In the last year, however, questions around the division of... 2025
Jacob Schuman INDIAN COUNTRY SUPERVISION 100 New York University Law Review 1148 (October, 2025) In 2023, the Department of Justice published its first-ever report on demographic disparities in revocations of community supervision, a critical yet under-studied part of the federal criminal justice system. The report revealed extreme and systematic disparities affecting American Indian defendants. Compared to other groups, American Indians were... 2025
Aila Hoss INDIGENEITY, DATA GENOCIDE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH 110 Iowa Law Review 1139 (March, 2025) ABSTRACT: Public health datasets will often tell us nothing about Indigenous people. This type of data suppression has been described as data genocide and data terrorism, because it demonstrates the effort to erase Indigenous people. Even when data is available, Tribes and their partners are regularly denied access to public health data from other... 2025
Bill Piatt, Karagan Carson, Meghan Monahan, Makayla Perez INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES SUFFER MULTI-GENERATIONAL TRAUMA ("SUSTO") FROM THE TRAFFICKING AND SLAVERY OF NATIVE WOMEN AND CHILDREN 27 Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice 1 (2025) L1-2Introduction . R32. I. Native Trafficking and Slavery Preceded European Arrivals. 2 II. European Enslavement and the Participation of Natives. 8 III. Contemporary Examination of the Trauma Suffered by Child Victims. 13 A. Types of Trauma, Effects, and Repeat Victimization. 15 B. Prevalence of Child Trafficking in the United States and Globally.... 2025
Diane Francis, Wenona T. Singel, Wayne Garnons-Williams INDIGENOUS RECONCILIATION AND DEVELOPMENT 49 Canada-United States Law Journal 80 (2025) Mr. STEPHEN PETRAS: Alright, everyone. We're about to start our afternoon program with our first panel of the afternoon, which is Indigenous Reconciliation and Development. I'm going to introduce our moderator, Diane Francis, she'll introduce her panelists, and we'll begin the panel discussion. We're very happy to have Diane Francis with us. She's... 2025
Angela R. Riley INDIGENOUS RIGHTS TO CULTURE: WHAT'S NEXT? 77 Stanford Law Review Online 161 (June, 2025) For more than two centuries, the United States has maintained--in law and in practice--a colonial system designed to destroy Indigenous peoples' culture. My work has explored this phenomenon from a property lens, explaining how attacks on Indigenous cultures traverse and encompass all categories of property, including real, tangible, and... 2025
Shemia Dillard , Aubrey Edwards-Luce , Alejandra Gomez INSULT TO INJURY: HOW AGENCIES IGNORE THE RIGHTS OF YOUTH WHO AGE OUT OF FOSTER CARE 50 Human Rights 12 (March, 2025) Youth who age out of foster care have experienced a double marginalization that can best be described as a violation of their human rights. Each year, 20,000 youth exit foster care without a forever family--marking the concluding failing point of government agencies that continue America's centuries-old practice of separating families in the name... 2025
Kim Hai Pearson INTERDICTIONS AGAINST CHILDREN'S HUMANITY 54 Southwestern Law Review 265 (2025) In its traditional usage, oppression means the exercise of tyranny by a ruling group. Yet, oppression creates injustice in other circumstances as well. People are not always oppressed by cruel tyrants with bad intentions. In many cases, a well-intentioned liberal society can place system-wide constraints on groups and limit their freedom.... 2025
Mario L. Barnes , Osagie K. Obasogie INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON EMPIRICAL METHODS AND CRITICAL RACE THEORY 59 Law and Society Review 231 (June, 2025) (Received 31 March 2025; accepted 31 March 2025) Keywords: empirical; methods; critical; race; theory Critical Race Theory (CRT) can be understood as an attempt to examine how race and racism are central rather than peripheral to law and legal thinking. Rather than viewing the long and ongoing story of race in American law as a series of... 2025
Gregory D. Smith IS SAYING "I'M SORRY" ENOUGH? A PRIMER ON HOW ATTORNEYS & JUDGES CAN ACT JUSTLY IN TRIBAL DISPUTES 30 Texas Journal on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights 196 (Spring, 2025) Introduction. 196 I. Honor Over Politics. 198 II. Culture, Not Caricature. 201 III. Listen, Don't Lecture. 205 IV. Use the Right Tools. 209 Conclusion. 212 2025
Adam Crepelle JUDICIAL IMPERIALISM: THE SUPREME COURT'S ASSAULT ON TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY AND THE RULE OF LAW 102 Washington University Law Review 1331 (2025) The rule of law requires predictability, and the rules governing Indian country create uncertainty. For example, determining whether a person can be arrested on a reservation depends upon a combination of whether the victim and perpetrators are Indians, the type of crime, and the status of the land where the incident occurred. The same goes for... 2025
Matthew Burnett, Rebecca L. Sandefur JUSTICE WORK AS DEMOCRACY WORK: REIMAGINING ACCESS TO JUSTICE AS DEMOCRATIZATION 76 South Carolina Law Review 833 (Summer, 2025) In democracy, justice is supposed to be everyone's: everyday people are meant to participate meaningfully in shaping law's content, using its protections, and fulfilling the obligations it creates. Research demonstrates very clearly, however, that justice is not available to everyone. Global estimates suggest that over 5 billion people, nearly... 2025
Patrice Kunesh KEYNOTE SPEECH FROM THE 2025 INDIAN NATIONS GAMING & GOVERNANCE PROGRAM'S SYMPOSIUM: TRENDS & TRIUMPHS 15 UNLV Gaming Law Journal 337 (Spring, 2025) Patrice H. Kunesh, of Standing Rock Lakota descent, has committed her career to public service, including several positions at the tribal, state, and federal levels. Kunesh began her legal career at the Native American Rights Fund, where her work centered on jurisdiction and natural resources, nation building, and Indian child welfare matters. She... 2025
Brenda L. Wahler KINSHIP PLACEMENTS IN CHILD PROTECTION CASES 47-SPG Family Advocate 31 (Spring, 2025) When children are removed from their birth parents by child protection services (CPS), the factor most important to the children themselves is where they are placed. Kinship placements are given priority in most state and federal law. However, placement with outside third parties is still common, sometimes for defensible reasons, but other times as... 2025
Kyra Easton LEGAL OBSTACLES TO SEATING A CHEROKEE DELEGATE IN CONGRESS 65 South Texas Law Review 23 (Fall, 2025) I. Introduction. 23 II. The Treaty of New Echota. 25 A. History. 25 B. Treaty Rights of Other Tribes. 26 III. Legal Challenges. 28 A. Abrogation. 28 B. Execution. 31 C. Equal Protection. 34 1. Non-Tribal Voters. 34 2. Non-Cherokee Tribe Members. 40 3. Justiciability. 43 4. Liability. 45 IV. Effects. 46 A. The Ratcheting Problem. 46 B. Impact on... 2025
Herb Yazzie, Raymond Deal, Josephine Foo, Michael Hamersky, Roman Bitsuie, Gloria Dennison, Thomas Bourgeois, Therese Tuttle, Samantha Blend, Lauren Palmer, Elena Bonetti LIVE, WORK, GOVERN USING DINÉ FUNDAMENTAL LAW 53 Urban Lawyer 17 (January, 2025) This article is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) via an award from the National Cooperative Business Association CLUSA International (NCBA CLUSA) to Indian Country Grassroots Support in collaboration with the Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University. The... 2025
David C. Scott MAKING SPACE FOR SACRED LANDS: FROM THE HARSH GLARE OF LYNG TO APACHE STRONGHOLD 21 Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties 194 (August, 2025) Federal courts have routinely held--under the Free Exercise Clause and Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA)--that government actors operating on government-owned land may desecrate, destroy, modify, or restrict access to landmarks that are sacred to Native American tribes, even if doing so would virtually destroy the tribes' ability to... 2025
Riley T. Keenan MINIMAL JUSTICIABILITY 109 Minnesota Law Review 1653 (April, 2025) Federal courts adjudicate only justiciable disputes. But justiciable as to whom? The Supreme Court has hinted at an answer, holding that at least one plaintiff must show standing for each remedy sought in a federal case. But it has never explained this one-plaintiff rule, and recently some scholars have criticized it, arguing that Article III... 2025
James G. Dwyer MIRED IN MEYER'S MISCHIEF A CENTURY AFTER FABRICATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL PARENTS' RIGHTS 26 Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 107 (2025) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 107 I. Extreme Judicial Activism in Meyer and Pierce. 108 II. Right Result?. 116 III. Right Framework?. 123 A. Transforming Parents' Status. 126 B. Transforming the State's Role. 139 IV. What Meyer Should Have Said. 143 2025
Matthew L.M. Fletcher NANABOOZHOO DIED FOR YOUR SINS 123 Michigan Law Review 1273 (April, 2025) Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto. By Vine Deloria, Jr. New York: The Macmillan Company. 1969. Pp. 279. $5.95. For Floyd Westerman, whom we met that one time in Albuquerque and whose album hung from the wall at Victor Kishigo's old place. Two decades after Vine Deloria Jr.'s death, Nanaboozhoo read Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian... 2025
Kristine Huskey, Hillary Wandler, in Collaboration with Jacquelyn Francisco, Lindsey Kirchhoff NATIVE AMERICAN VETERANS: ACKNOWLEDGING THEIR SERVICE, RECOGNIZING THEIR NEEDS, AND LEARNING FROM THEIR TRIBAL RESTORATIVE TRADITION 21 University of Saint Thomas Law Journal 108 (Winter, 2025) Native Americans have a long tradition of service in the US military, dating back to the war fought to gain independence. Their service has been characterized by extraordinarily higher numbers proportionate to other minorities as well as a Warrior Tradition, embodied in their experiences, cultures, and religions for generations. This tradition... 2025
Lauren van Schilfgaarde NATIVE REPRODUCTIVE SELF-DETERMINATION 71 UCLA Law Review 1844 (July, 2025) Like the overall well-being of Indigenous peoples, Native reproductive health has been deeply impacted by the direct and collateral consequences of settler colonialism. Today, Natives experience some of the most dire reproductive health disparities. Unlike other health care systems, however, Native health care is sui generis. The federal government... 2025
Family Law Quarterly 2024-25 Editors, New York Law School NEW FAMILY LAW STATUTES IN 2024: SELECTED STATE LEGISLATION 58 Family Law Quarterly 246 (2024-2025) This article provides summaries and context for 35 changes to family law that were enacted in 2024 by legislatures in 25 states and the District of Columbia. The topics include (1) Equal Protection, (2) Child Custody and Visitation, (3) Nonparent Custody and Visitation, (4) Child Welfare, (5) Domestic Violence, (6) Juvenile Justice, (7) Parentage,... 2025
Jeffrey A. Parness NONADOPTIVE SECOND PARENT CHOICES AFTER BIRTH 72 Drake Law Review 509 (2025) Increasingly state laws, often driven by one of the three Uniform Parentage Acts, recognize a second childcare parent can be solely determined by a single legal parent. Some chosen second parents need not undertake formal adoption processes, including devices seeking to assure the making of informed parental choices and the promotion of the health... 2025
Brandon Dodds OLD HABITS DIE HARD: HOW THE MAINE INDIAN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT PERPETUATES SETTLER COLONIALISM AND DENIES INDIGENOUS SOVEREIGNTY 74 Emory Law Journal Online 67 (7-Apr-25) Around the time it was passed, the Maine Indian Claims Settlement Act of 1980 was considered by many to be a great victory for the Wabanaki Nations in Maine. But in the decades since, the Act has substantially hindered the Wabanaki Nations' self-determination efforts. Frequent litigation between the Nations and the state of Maine, narrow... 2025
Spencer Overton OVERCOMING RACIAL HARMS TO DEMOCRACY FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 110 Iowa Law Review 805 (January, 2025) ABSTRACT: While the United States is becoming more racially diverse, generative artificial intelligence and related technologies threaten to undermine truly representative democracy. Left unchecked, AI will exacerbate already substantial existing challenges, such as racial polarization, cultural anxiety, antidemocratic attitudes, racial vote... 2025
James Thomas Tucker, Jacqueline De León, Daniel Craig McCool OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS THAT NATIVE AMERICANS FACE IN THE VOTING PROCESS 53 Urban Lawyer 243 (Spring, 2025) Since 1970, the Native American Rights Fund (NARF) has provided legal assistance to Indian tribes, organizations, and individuals nationwide who might otherwise have gone without adequate representation. NARF has successfully asserted and defended the most important rights of Indians and tribes in hundreds of major cases, achieving significant... 2025
Alexander Chen , Christina Mulligan PARAFAMILY 105 Boston University Law Review 385 (March, 2025) The nuclear family ideal is failing to deliver on its promises. Not only are Americans choosing to delay and avoid marriage, but those who do marry and have children increasingly find the nuclear family structure isolating, fragile, and insufficient for caring for children and other dependents. One reason the marriage and nuclear family ideal may... 2025
Cynthia Godsoe, Shanta Trivedi PARENTING AS A CRIME 15 California Law Review Online 13 (February, 2025) Gun violence is the leading cause of death for children in this country. This stunning and horrifying fact angers us. The United States also has the highest number of school shootings of any developed nation. This is particularly upsetting since school is supposed to be a safe haven for children: a place to learn, play, and discover who they are... 2025
Joanne Gottesman, Randi Mandelbaum PERMANENCY MEANS IMMIGRATION PERMANENCY: WHY CHILD WELFARE AGENCIES MUST PROVIDE IMMIGRATION ATTORNEYS TO NONCITIZEN CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE 59 U.C. Davis Law Review 365 (November, 2025) Most noncitizen children in foster care have viable claims for immigration relief that will place them on a path toward lawful permanent resident status and U.S. Citizenship. However, without help from an attorney knowledgeable in immigration law, time will cause many of their claims to expire. The foundational principles of the child welfare... 2025
Lisa Davis POST-CONFLICT REPARATIONS: METHODS FOR ADDRESSING DISCRIMINATION 46 University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law 947 (Summer, 2025) C1-3Table of Contents I. Introduction. 949 II. A Brief Overview of Reparations under International Law. 953 a. International Humanitarian and Criminal Law. 953 b. The U.N. Principles on Reparations. 956 III. Uprooting Discrimination through Post-Conflict Measures. 958 a. Discrimination as a Fixture in Contemporary Conflicts. 958 b. Recognizing... 2025
Alison Brochu PRECEDENTIAL TRAUMA: INTEGRATING TRAUMA-INFORMED JUDGING IN FEDERAL COURTS OF APPEALS THROUGH OPINION WRITING 30 Roger Williams University Law Review 419 (Spring, 2025) Every year, the United States Courts of Appeals hear more than 50,000 cases. On appeal, the Supreme Court of the United States will hear less than 100 of those cases at oral argument, rendering final an overwhelming majority of federal appellate decisions. This finality creates a significant precedential value to the language used in such... 2025
Bethany R. Berger PREEMPTING COLONIALISM: THE CONSTITUTIONAL & STRUCTURAL DIMENSIONS OF FEDERAL INDIAN LAW PREEMPTION 58 U.C. Davis Law Review 2045 (April, 2025) In federal Indian law, preemption is about preempting colonialism. This may seem strange; preemption classically blocks the authority of non-federal sovereigns. In Indian affairs, however, preempting state law creates room for Indigenous sovereignty, allowing tribal governments to shape the social, economic, and cultural conditions for their... 2025
Caleb Macdonald PRESERVING IDENTITY: COMPARISON OF MINORITIES' RIGHTS TO EDUCATE CHILDREN IN FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES 42 Wisconsin International Law Journal 627 (Summer, 2025) To what extent parents should control their child's education is a hotly debated issue. Some view campaigns for parental rights as a detraction from the quality of public school education. Others worry that children will be harmed by a parent's failure to meet educational standards, or by a desire to indoctrinate children with perspectives many... 2025
Anna Arons PROSECUTING FAMILIES 173 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1029 (March, 2025) Hundreds of thousands of parents are prosecuted in the family regulation system each year. Their cases are investigated by family regulation agencies and prosecuted by lawyers employed by the government--family regulation prosecutors. Like police and prosecutors in the criminal legal system, this family regulation prosecutorial team wields immense... 2025
Ren Ramos PROTECTED OR POLICED?: INVOKING CHILDREN'S FOURTH AMENDMENT RIGHTS AGAINST UNNECESSARY CPS INTERVENTION 77 Rutgers University Law Review 515 (Winter, 2025) Of all tyrannies a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. . [T]hose who torment us for our own good will torment us without end for they do so with the approval of their own conscience. -- C.S. Lewis Critiques of the child welfare system have become increasingly common within the past decade. Legal... 2025
Andrew Jensen Kerr RECKLESS SPEECH IN THE SHADOW OF THE CONSTITUTION 55 Seton Hall Law Review 743 (2025) In this Article, I explore the question of whether and to what extent a seeming threat may be justified by its potential social utility. In Counterman v. Colorado, the U.S. Supreme Court held for the first time that the First Amendment requires a threats statute to include at minimum a recklessness mental state. This clarification was long... 2025
Zachary R. Evans RECKONING WITH THE VIOLENT LEGACY OF RACIALIZED U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IN CHILE 28 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Law and Social Change 95 (2025) Critical Race Theory scholars have shone a spotlight on the legal underpinnings of imperial power and violence in numerous topics, including foreign policy. Absent from this critical scholarship is an analysis of United States interference in South American affairs. In centering the violent histories of dispossession and enslavement, I propose a... 2025
Ariana Kravetz RECTIFYING HISTORICAL WRONGS: THE CASE FOR THE INDIGENOUS' INHERENT RIGHT TO SELF--GOVERN CHILD WELFARE IN CANADA 56 University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 289 (Spring, 2025) I. Introduction. 289 II. Historical Context Leading to the Passage of an Act Respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis Children, Youth, and Families. 291 A. Creation of the Indian Act. 291 B. Residential Schools and Sixties Scoop. 295 C. Birth Alerts. 298 D. Resistance Reports. 299 E. Indigenous Children in the Foster Care System. 300 III.... 2025
Affie Ellis REFLECTIONS OF A WYOMING-NAVAJO LAWMAKER 39-WTR Natural Resources & Environment 3 (Winter, 2025) Serving in the Wyoming legislature has been the honor of a lifetime. I ran for office in 2016. At the time, I had taken my eight-year-old daughter to watch the Senate debate, and she innocently asked if women were allowed to be senators. When she looked into the chamber, she saw that 29 of the 30 senators were men. I pointed out the one female... 2025
Bruce A. Green , M. Ellen Murphy REPLACING THIS OLD HOUSE: CERTIFYING AND REGULATING NEW LEGAL SERVICES PROVIDERS 76 Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 45 (2025) This Article comprehensively examines the decisions that state courts must make, and have made to date, when they certify and regulate new categories of legal services providers: those individuals other than lawyers who are authorized to provide discrete legal services that the laws governing the unauthorized practice of law (UPL) generally reserve... 2025
Cynthia D. Bond REPRESENTATIONS OF LAW AND RACE REVISITED: AN UPDATED SURVEY OF RECENT AMERICAN FILM 30 University of Denver Sports and Entertainment Law Journal 51 (Spring, 2025) This article revisits the author's Laws of Race/Laws of Representation: The Construction of Race and Law in Contemporary American Film, 11 Univ. Tex. Rev. of Sports and Ent. L. 219 (2010), surveying recent developments in mainstream films' depiction of the interrelated narratives of law and race. This article applies to current film the 2010... 2025
Caprice L. Roberts RETHINKING JUDICIAL POWER & REMEDIAL RESTRAINT 75 Catholic University Law Review 93 (Fall, 2025) This Article maintains that groundbreaking Supreme Court cases reshaping judicial power and restraint are frequently remedies centric. The muchanticipated ruling in Trump v. CASA illustrates this correlation. Interpreting traditional equity, the Supreme Court circumscribed federal judicial power to issue universal relief. The Court relied on... 2025
Robert J. W. Clift , James F. Hemphill , Samara Wessel , Lauren N. Currie RISK ASSESSMENT AND RECIDIVISM AMONG INDIGENOUS AND NON-INDIGENOUS PERSONS: A META-ANALYSIS 46 Law and Human Behavior 491 (December, 2025) Objective: Risk assessment measures are commonly used in forensic and criminal justice settings to evaluate risk of future recidivism. The use of these measures among Indigenous persons has been the subject of clinical, professional, and legal interest. We sought to add to the literature by examining three frequently studied and clinically used... 2025
Adam Crepelle ROBOTS AND (INDIAN) RESERVATIONS: A JURISDICTIONAL NIGHTMARE WAITING TO HAPPEN 22 Northwestern Journal of Technology & Intellectual Property 313 (Spring, 2025) Abstract--Advances in artificial intelligence are expanding the possibilities of robots. Indeed, robots are now engaging in numerous activities previously thought to require human cognition, such as driving cars and diagnosing diseases. Scholars have published numerous articles examining the intersection of law and robots across myriad fields.... 2025
Bethany Berger ROSALIND'S REFUND: THE WOMAN, THE LAWYERS, AND THE TIME THAT CREATED MCCLANAHAN v. ARIZONA 73 University of Kansas Law Review 755 (April, 2025) Rosalind McClanahan was just twenty-two when she set one of the most important cases in federal Indian law into motion. On April 1, 1968, she filed her Arizona tax return, along with a protest that all the money withheld from her pay--$16.29--should be refunded because she was a Navajo citizen whose income was earned entirely on the Navajo... 2025
Salihah R. Denman SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN FROM STATE INTERVENTION 39 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy Online Supplement 631 (2025) This is the first article to explore a child's right to counsel during the investigatory stage of child welfare proceedings. The right to family integrity and a parent's right to raise their child how they see fit are two fundamental rights in constitutional law decisions in family law. In the context of child welfare investigations, there is... 2025
Adriaan Lanni SEEING IS BELIEVING: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AT HARVARD LAW SCHOOL 73 Journal of Legal Education 961 (Summer, 2025) When I started teaching at Harvard Law School in 2005, only a small number of students came to law school interested in criminal justice, and the average student knew relatively little about the criminal legal system. These days, many students arrive as committed prison abolitionists, and most students have at least a basic familiarity with terms... 2025
Thomas P. Schlosser SEPTEMBER 2023 -- AUGUST 2024 13 American Indian Law Journal 43 (May, 2025) I. INTRODUCTION. 3 II. UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT. 3 III. OTHER COURTS. 4 A. Administrative Law. 4 B. Child Welfare Law And ICWA. 19 C. Contracting. 29 D. Employment. 38 E. Environmental Regulations. 41 F. Fisheries, Water, FERC, BOR. 48 G. Gaming. 72 H. Jurisdiction, Federal. 79 I. Religious Freedom. 99 J. Sovereign Immunity. 108 K. Sovereignty,... 2025
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