AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Term in Title or Summary
Matthew L.M. Fletcher The Legal Fiction of the Lake Matchimanitou Indian School 13 American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 597 (2005) Historians, political scientists, sociologists and lawyers, in their respective academic languages, have documented the history of the conquest of the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere, especially those of North America. The histories end with the final dispossession of lands from Indians and their tribes. Despite more than five; Search Snippet: ...Sales, had spoken up in their sociology class about the Indian boarding school [FN25] in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, which had housed his... 2005  
Laughlin McDonald The Voting Rights Act in Indian Country: South Dakota, a Case Study 29 American Indian Law Review 43 (2004-2005) The problems that Indians continue to experience in South Dakota in securing an equal right to vote strongly support the extension of the special provisions of the Voting Rights Act scheduled to expire in 2007. They also demonstrate the ultimate wisdom of Congress in making permanent and nationwide the basic guarantee of equal political; Search Snippet: ...when she went to high school in Todd County. The Indian students lived in a segregated dorm at the Rosebud boarding school, and were bussed to the high school, then bussed... 2005  
Carla D. Pratt Tribes and Tribulations: Beyond Sovereign Immunity and Toward Reparation and Reconciliation for the Estelusti 11 Washington and Lee Race and Ethnic Ancestry Law Journal 61 (Winter, 2005) This Article advocates a form of micro-reparations for a limited class of African Americans--the Estelusti (black Indians). The Article seeks reparations in the form of racial healing not only from the United States Government, but also from one particular participant in African American slavery--Native American Indian Tribes. The Article begins by; Search Snippet: ...in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. David Wallace Adams, Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience 1875-1928 51-53 (1995). Many of Pratt's... 2005  
Sarah Krakoff A Narrative of Sovereignty: Illuminating the Paradox of the Domestic Dependent Nation 83 Oregon Law Review 1109 (Winter 2004) In my view, the tribes either are or are not separate sovereigns, and our federal Indian law cases untenably hold both positions simultaneously. The [U.S.] Constitution never took away Indian self-governance; that governance flows from the people. The Courts are trying to do what the [executive and legislative] branch[es] have learned they; Search Snippet: ...the Diné homeland. Yet the history of education of American Indian children pushes strongly against this goal. The assimilation era forced boarding... 2004  
Juan F. Perea Buscando América: Why Integration and Equal Protection Fail to Protect Latinos 117 Harvard Law Review 1420 (March, 2004) So you see it is up to the white population to keep the Mexican on his knees in an onion patch or in new ground. This does not mix well with education. The lessons of subordination formed the most vital part of the curriculum. The schools renewed the conquest every semester. During the 1940s, Gonzalo and Felícitas Méndez moved to Westminster,; Search Snippet: ...note 16, at 663-69; id. at 862 (discussing American Indian boarding schools). . See Carter Godwin Woodson, The Mis-Education of... 2004  
Steven J. Gunn Compacts, Confederacies, and Comity: Intertribal Enforcement of Tribal Court Orders 34 New Mexico Law Review 297 (Spring, 2004) Indian tribes and their reservations have been described as America's internal colonies. Since the arrival of Europeans on this continent, Indian people have seen their tribes divided, their lands taken, and their sovereignty diminished. For well over a century, the U.S. Congress has exercised so-called plenary power over Indian affairs, enacting; Search Snippet: ...of tribal governments. In its darkest moments, Congress has abrogated Indian treaties, divided reservations into farm-sized allotments for individual Indians, sold surplus Indian lands to homesteaders, acculturated Indian children in off-reservation boarding schools, suppressed Indian cultural and religious practices, imposed federal and, in some cases... 2004  
Lynne Henderson Foreword: Pursuing Equal Justice in the West 5 Nevada Law Journal L.J. 1 (Fall 2004) On February 20 and 21 of 2004, the William S. Boyd School of Law hosted a conference on Pursuing Equal Justice in the West, inspired by the fiftieth anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education (I) and the fortieth anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. We were privileged to have outstanding scholars in both history and law deliver wonderful; Search Snippet: ...the vote. Another set of laws and practices that injured Indians was federal law placing Indian children in boarding schools and allowing adoptions of Indian children by white parents without scrutiny. Congress finally responded to these abuses by enacting the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA). [FN11] Uneasy Tensions Between Children's... 2004  
Sherry Hutt If Geronimo Was Jewish: Equal Protection and the Cultural Property Rights of Native Americans 24 Northern Illinois University Law Review 527 (Summer 2004) C1-3Table of Contents I. Application of the Equal Protection Clause to Native Americans. 528 II. A Short History of Indian Law: Special is Not Equal. 532 III. Geronimo: From Arizona to Florida. 536 IV. If Geronimo Was Jewish. 539 V. If Geronimo Was a Rap Star: Intellectual Property Law Versus Intangibles in Natural Law. 551 VI. If Geronimo Was an; Search Snippet: ...rights advances were being fought and won for African Americans, Native Americans saw their families divided and their children sent to boarding schools, their medical needs, housing and other services tightly controlled... 2004  
Richard Delgado Locating Latinos in the Field of Civil Rights: Assessing the Neoliberal Case for Radical Exclusion 83 Texas Law Review 489 (December, 2004) Poor Latinos! Nobody loves them. Think-tank conservatives like Peter Brimelow, joined by a few liberals and a host of white supremacist websites, have been warning against the Latino threat: Because our dark-haired friends from south of the border insist on preserving their peculiar language and ways, they endanger the integrity of our Anglocentric; Search Snippet: ...United States. [FN160] In the early years of this century, boarding schools for Indian children ruthlessly suppressed Indian culture, [FN161] while California schools segregated black and Chinese schoolchildren... 2004  
Lawrence R. Baca Meyers V. Board of Education: the Brown V. Board of Indian Country 2004 University of Illinois Law Review 1155 (2004) The U.S. Supreme Court announced the constitutional promise of an equal, unified education for African American students by deciding Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, but it would take another forty years before a federal court even addressed the basic question of whether American Indians share a similar right to equal educational opportunities; Search Snippet: ...Live Heroically , Deloris J. Huff writes: To the generations of Indian children--who endured history classes extolling the heroism of Christopher Columbus... 2004  
Scott C. Idleman Multiculturalism and the Future of Tribal Sovereignty 35 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 589 (Summer 2004) One of the most important things to understand about American Indian tribes is the simple fact that tribes are governments--not non-profit organizations, not interest groups, not an ethnic minority. The history of American culture is rich with social and ideological movements of every sort, from the temperance and abolitionist efforts at the outset; Search Snippet: ...Indian legislation. [FN118] Paradigmatic in this respect is the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), [FN119] which governs the placement of children... 2004  
Kevin Noble Maillard Parental Ratification: Legal Manifestations of Cultural Authenticity in Cross-racial Adoption 28 American Indian Law Review 107 (2003/2004) The question Who is Indian? marks a standard subject of academic inquiry, but to ask who decides and how is much more interesting. In Indian country, state and tribal standards for determining Indian may belie personal and private definitions of identity. While I believe that identity should be self-defined, the unavoidable truth persists; Search Snippet: ...Following the standards established by the federal government in the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), [FN1] state courts have held that being... 2004  
Matthew L. M. Fletcher Stick Houses in Peshawbestown 2 Cardozo Public Law, Policy and Ethics Journal 189 (May, 2004) There are many stories here. And, there is much to learn for the future. For all the pain and heartache we have felt, there has been and will be an equal amount of joy. That is how everything works. There is always a struggle to maintain the balance. --Winona LaDuke It is undoubtedly true that Indians may be easily led to make bad bargains, and,; Search Snippet: ...be in a good mood. Wilson handled criminal defense and Indian child welfare cases at New Pascua, the reservation of the Pascua... 2004  
Robert McCarthy The Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Federal Trust Obligation to American Indians 19 BYU Journal of Public Law L. 1 (2004) I. Introduction A. BIA: Bossing Indians Around 4 B. Bashing the BIA 5 C. Defending the BIA 8 D. Reforming the BIA 10 E. Understanding the BIA 14 II. The BIA and the Federal Trust Obligation to American Indians A. The BIA and the Department of the Interior 15 B. Statutory and Regulatory Authorities 18 C. Enforcement of the Federal Trust; Search Snippet: ...with, and resulting responsibilities to, American Indian people [FN114] the Indian Child Welfare Act ( the special relationship between the United States and... 2004  
Judith Resnik Tribes, Wars, and the Federal Courts: Applying the Myths and the Methods of Marbury V. Madison to Tribal Courts' Criminal Jurisdiction 36 Arizona State Law Journal 77 (Spring, 2004) C1-3Table of Contents I. Constitutionalism as Reasoning About Constraint. 78 II. Federal Indian Law and the Problems of Authority. 93 III. Difference, Assimilation, and Sovereignty. 96 IV. Jurisdiction by Distrust of the Other Court System. 102 V. Jurisdiction by Political Affiliation. 111 VI. Sources of Sovereignty, Double Jeopardy, and; Search Snippet: ...or discovery. Id . at 85-86. See, e.g. , the Indian Child Welfare Act, Pub. L. No. 95-608, 92 Stat. 3069... 2004  
Annette Ruth Appell Uneasy Tensions Between Children's Rights and Civil Rights 5 Nevada Law Journal 141 (Fall 2004) This essay begins an exploration of the opposition between, and intersection of, children's rights and civil rights. Children's rights, a phrase I will define and explore more fully below, are sometimes placed under the umbrella of the civil rights movement. Children's rights to equal protection in education, protections against arbitrary state; Search Snippet: ...various faces of children's rights in the context of the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA). [FN2] This Symposium's occasion and location in... 2004  
Amanda B. Westphal An Argument in Favor of Abrogating the Use of the Best Interests of the Child Standard to Circumvent the Jurisdictional Provisions of the Indian Child Welfare Act in South Dakota. 49 South Dakota Law Review 107 (2003) The South Dakota Supreme Court has always recognized the needs of the children are paramount and that their best interests must prevail. However, in cases dealing with the Indian Child Welfare Act the South Dakota Supreme Court has the right answer but to the wrong question. Under ICWA, the question state court judges should be asking is not what; Search Snippet: ...THE CHILD STANDARD TO CIRCUMVENT THE JURISDICTIONAL PROVISIONS OF THE INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT IN SOUTH DAKOTA. Amanda B. Westphal Copyright ©... 2003 Yes
Kurt Mundorff Children as Chattel: Invoking the Thirteenth Amendment to Reform Child Welfare 1 Cardozo Public Law, Policy and Ethics Journal 131 (May, 2003) During my fourteen months as a Child Protective Specialist for the New York City Administration for Children's Services I generally investigated two or three cases a week. I also accompanied co-workers on their home visits. Through my job, I became involved in the lives of dozens of families and hundreds of children. The Community District for; Search Snippet: ...remain the most impacted ethnic/racial group. [FN248] Interference in Native American families dates back to the colonial period, when Indian children were removed from their homes and educated in white boarding schools. [FN249] The strategy of removing Native American children from... 2003 Yes
Barry Sautman Cultural Genocide and Tibet 38 Texas International Law Journal 173 (Spring 2003) I. Introduction. 174 II. Cultural Genocide in International Law and Politics. 177 A. Unquestioned Cultural Genocide. 177 B. The Convention and Cultural Genocide. 181 C. Indigenous Peoples, Cultural Genocide, and Ethnocide. 187 III. The Claim of Cultural Genocide in Tibet. 196 A. The Émigré Conception of Cultural Genocide. 196 IV. The Empirical; Search Snippet: ...favored destruction by civilization rather than by killing. [FN156] Ninety boarding schools for Native American children were established between 1878 and 1902. [FN157] Richard... 2003  
David E. Bernstein Defending the First Amendment from Antidiscrimination Laws 82 North Carolina Law Review 223 (December, 2003) Of late, leading legal scholars have argued that the First Amendment should not stand in the way of restrictions on freedom of expression intended to alleviate discrimination. A powerful, normative defense of the First Amendment from the competing claims of the antidiscrimination agenda is therefore greatly needed. This Essay seeks to provide the; Search Snippet: ...everywhere else, Japanese Americans were incarcerated in concentration camps, American Indian children were removed from their parents and forcibly assimilated in boarding schools, and male homosexuals were generally thought to be pedophilic... 2003  
Carole E. Goldberg Individual Rights and Tribal Revitalization 35 Arizona State Law Journal 889 (Fall, 2003) Most contemporary scholars concerned with what may be called tribal revitalization--the strengthening of political and cultural sovereignty for Native nations--treat individual rights as an impediment to achieving that objective, not a positive tool. For example, Professor Robert Porter has written that introduction of individual rights into tribal; Search Snippet: ...conflicts between competing individual rights. As an example, she cites Indian child welfare cases when individual children's rights are put up against... 2003  
Sara Dillon Making Legal Regimes for Intercountry Adoption Reflect Human Rights Principles: Transforming the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child with the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption 21 Boston University International Law Journal 179 (Fall 2003) I. Introduction: The Ideological Morass at the Heart of International and National Adoption Law. 180 A. Who will articulate a child's right not to be institutionalized? How to articulate a child's right to a family of his or her own?. 187 B. Identifying Acceptable and Unacceptable Forms of Care. 191 II. The International Human Rights Picture: The; Search Snippet: ...masterful detail the tragic history of the placement of American Indian children in non- Indian settings, including in boarding schools and with non- Indian families, clearly demonstrating that this practice had its roots in... 2003  
Kari E. Hong Parens Patri[archy]: Adoption, Eugenics, and Same-sex Couples 40 California Western Law Review Rev. 1 (Fall 2003) Introduction. 2 I. Historical Overview of Adoption Placement Practices in the United States. 11 A. Early History of Adoption in the United States: From Private Bills to Orphan Trains. 12 B. The Fall and Rise of Adoption: Eugenics to the Cold War. 19 C. Historical Examination of Contemporary Justifications for Adoption Bans. 31 1. Indian Child; Search Snippet: ...Historical Examination of Contemporary Justifications for Adoption Bans 31 1. Indian Child Welfare Act: Superiority of Nuclear Family and Proper Gender Role... 2003  
  Privatization of Federal Indian Schools: a Legal Uncertainty 116 Harvard Law Review 1455 (March, 2003) Throughout the world of education, a debate has raged over the desirability of private school management corporations (PMCs) operating the public education system. Private corporations are greatly attracted to managing public schools. Education, in theory, is a lucrative business. Primary and secondary education, the largest segment of the; Search Snippet: ...Historically, the federal government has assumed the responsibility of educating Indian children. Initially, its Indian education strategy consisted of assimilation and civilization. [FN3] The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), created under the War Department in 1824 [FN4... 2003  
Kelly D. Lynn Seeking Environmental Justice for Cultural Minorities: the South Lawrence Trafficway of Lawrence, Kansas 12 Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 221 (Winter, 2003) There is a compact between humans and their surroundings which must be considered when humans make governmental decisions about themselves and their neighbors. In 1882, Congress established a non-reservation Native American boarding school named Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas, with the pronounced purpose to civilize Native American; Search Snippet: ...FN1] I. BACKGROUND In 1882, Congress established a non-reservation Native American boarding school named Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas, with the pronounced purpose to civilize Native American children. [FN2] Approximately 700 students were enrolled there at... 2003  
Hector E. Campoy Symposium Introductory Speech 45 Arizona Law Review 567 (Fall 2003) Good evening and welcome to Tucson, Arizona. I am pleased to be attending this provocative symposium and to address you this Friday evening. I want to extend my thanks to the law school and more specifically, to Dean Massaro and Professors Atwood and Bennett for promoting and organizing the symposium. Our thanks should also be extended to the law; Search Snippet: ...lives. This paternalistic posture motivated the federal government's policy for Indian children and boarding schools. [FN9] As a result of this policy, native children... 2003  
Rebecca Tsosie The Challenge of "Differentiated Citizenship": Can State Constitutions Protect Tribal Rights? 64 Montana Law Review 199 (Winter 2003) One of the most vexing problems in contemporary states with large Native populations is whether the continuing inequities between Native and non-Native peoples are best addressed through the standard framework of Federal Indian Law, in which the federal government mediates tribal-state relations, or through newly articulated legal relationships; Search Snippet: ...traditionally fallen solely within state police powers. However, the Federal Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), 25 U.S.C. §§ 1901 1963 , limits state jurisdiction over Indian children who are members of federally recognized tribes, or are eligible... 2003  
Matthew L.M. Fletcher The Drug War on Tribal Government Employees: Adopting the Ways of the Conqueror 35 Columbia Human Rights Law Review Rev. 1 (Fall 2003) For three months Gus and the Indian female counselor met weekly. They would smudge before each session with sweet grass. Gus would explore his reality while carrying a stone in his hand. We were learning, listening and talking, speaking freely, not judged. It was the nonjudgmental approach that attracted him --there is a stigma on a non-Indian; Search Snippet: ...out of the criminal justice system, [FN58] through education of Indian children at home and at school, and through increased funding for... 2003  
Rebecca Tsosie Tribalism, Constitutionalism, and Cultural Pluralism: Where Do Indigenous Peoples Fit Within Civil Society? 5 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 357 (January, 2003) The effort of modern political theory to understand multiculturalism has engendered a variety of responses, depending upon the theoretical tradition (e.g., liberalism, communitarianism) and the nature of the group (e.g., immigrant groups, descendants of slaves, indigenous peoples). Contemporary political philosophers struggle with two primary; Search Snippet: ...efforts to manage differences. [FN46] The history of relations between Native people and the United States government is replete with examples of the former: the United States military campaigns against Indian nations, the forced relocation of Native groups from their traditional homelands, and the forcible assimilation of Native people through boarding school policies and Christianization. However, the United States has also... 2003  
William Bradford With a Very Great Blame on Our Hearts: Reparations, Reconciliation, and an American Indian Plea for Peace with Justice 27 American Indian Law Review Rev. 1 (2002-2003) In a post-September 11th era riven by ethno-nationalism, territorial revanchism, and religious terror, the United States has assumed the mantle of leadership in articulating the moral, political, and legal norms that will inform reconstruction of global security architecture. Defense of human rights, whether motivated by its contribution to the; Search Snippet: ...in its stead. [FN204] Beginning in the late nineteenth century, Indian children were taken, often without parental or tribal consent, to boarding schools where their hair was cut, their tribal clothing exchanged... 2003  
Carole Goldberg American Indians and "Preferential" Treatment 49 UCLA Law Review 943 (April, 2002) Preferences and benefits for American Indians predate the American policy of affirmative action and flow from different rationales. Nonetheless, Indian preferences are the latest targets in the battle against affirmative action. Opponents of Indian preferences and benefits have long deployed the rhetoric of equal rights to attack treaty rights and; Search Snippet: ...outsider. For other tribes, however, the provisions for non-member Indians reflect a realistic acceptance of past federal policies that have promoted intermarriage among tribes, such as the federal boarding school policy of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. [FN104] In... 2002  
Natsu Taylor Saito Asserting Plenary Power over the "Other": Indians, Immigrants, Colonial Subjects, and Why U.s. Jurisprudence Needs to Incorporate International Law 20 Yale Law and Policy Review 427 (2002) I. Human Rights and the Contradictions Within U.S. Law. 427 II. Origins of the Plenary Power Doctrine: The 19th Century Cases. 433 A. Immigrants. 434 B. Indian Nations. 437 C. External Colonies. 443 III. Plenary Power Today: The Doctrine and the Destruction. 447 A. Immigrants. 447 B. Indian Nations. 451 C. External Colonies. 455 IV. The Inadequacy; Search Snippet: ...genocidal and ecocidal policies of almost unimaginable proportions. Generations of Indian children have been forcibly removed from their families and imprisoned in boarding schools where they were stripped of their culture, traumatized, and... 2002  
Ruthann Robson Assimilation, Marriage, and Lesbian Liberation 75 Temple Law Review 709 (Winter 2002) I. Introduction. 710 II. Assimilation and Legal Culture. 712 A. The Dominant and Idealized Group. 715 B. The Coercive Nature of Assimilation. 717 C. The Constitutional Interests of Equality. 719 D. Both Assimilation and Anti-Assimilation Can Be Repressive. 722 E. Segregation and Separatism. 725 F. The Disagreement Within Communities. 727 III; Search Snippet: ...first occurred through explicit policies administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, which forced Native children to attend boarding schools for eight years, during which time the children were not permitted to speak their native language, wear native clothes or keep their hair long. [FN64] State welfare agencies... 2002  
Larry EchoHawk Child Sexual Abuse in Indian Country: Is the Guardian Keeping in Mind the Seventh Generation? 5 NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 83 (2001-2002) When European settlers first came to the northeastern shore of America, they encountered the great Iroquois Confederacy. Through this contact, white men were intrigued and influenced by several principles of governance used by the Iroquois. One of these principles is reflected in a phrase that captures the spirit of the Iroquois's view toward; Search Snippet: ...Native American children and to bring those who sexually molest Indian children to justice. I Child Sexual Abuse in America A. Statistics... 2002  
Danelle J. Daugherty Children Are Sacred: Looking Beyond Best Interests of the Child to Establish Effective Tribal-state Cooperative Child Support Advocacy Agreements in South Dakota 47 South Dakota Law Review 282 (2002) Interstate child support advocacy has been streamlined to deal with the problems relating to parties residing in different jurisdictions. Although these laws recognize and call for cross-jurisdictional recognition of tribal child support orders, in practice, that mandate is not always followed. In addition, tribal courts are often on the defensive; Search Snippet: ...their languages; second, a widespread education effort utilized military-style boarding schools including punishments for behavior of a cultural nature; [FN17... 2002  
Carole Goldberg Descent into Race 49 UCLA Law Review 1373 (June, 2002) Unlike Indian nations themselves, some federal and state courts are conceptualizing Indian identity as a racial identity. Courts, in turn, are using this racialized understanding of Indian identity as the basis for invalidating federal laws, such as the Reindeer Act and the Indian Child Welfare Act, that Congress passed to address tribal needs; Search Snippet: ...invalidating federal laws, such as the Reindeer Act and the Indian Child Welfare Act, that Congress passed to address tribal needs. Some... 2002  
Barbara Ann Atwood Flashpoints under the Indian Child Welfare Act: Toward a New Understanding of State Court Resistance 51 Emory Law Journal 587 (Spring 2002) The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA or the Act), a unique statute in the American legal landscape, was an effort by Congress to reverse the wholesale separation of Indian children from their families and to restore tribal authority over the welfare of Indian children. By some accounts the Act has been the victim of entrenched state court; Search Snippet: ...JOURNAL Emory Law Journal Spring 2002 Article FLASHPOINTS UNDER THE INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT: TOWARD A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF STATE COURT RESISTANCE... 2002 Yes
Louis Fisher Indian Religious Freedom: to Litigate or Legislate? 26 American Indian Law Review Rev. 1 (2001-2002) For most of U.S. history, little was done at the national or state level to protect the religious practices of Indians. Initially they were to be civilized, assimilated, and acculturated into American society. Later stages led to exclusion of most Indians from the east coast, the creation of additional reservations, and termination of federal; Search Snippet: ...missionaries and religious societies brought in to establish schools for Indian children. [FN14] President John Quincy Adams told Congress in 1828 that... 2002  
John D. Barton , Candace M. Barton Jurisdiction of Ute Reservation Lands 26 American Indian Law Review 133 (2001-2002) In 1994, after years of litigation involving several court cases, the Supreme Court of the United States handed down a landmark decision that ruled on jurisdiction over former Ute reservation lands. This case has since become the final word in jurisdiction of reservation lands throughout the United States. As with most policy setting decisions, the; Search Snippet: ...the government's third objective was to further assimilation by removing Indian children from their families and placing them in Indian boarding schools. In these boarding schools the Indian children were not allowed to speak their native language or practice their religious ceremonies. Some of the Indian... 2002  
Robert B. Porter Pursuing the Path of Indigenization in the Era of Emergent International Law Governing the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 5 Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal 123 (2002) This Article argues that the meaningful revitalization of Indigenous nations depends upon engaging in a process of indigenization, the active pursuit of a distinct developmental path, culture, and identity. Significant barriers to indigenization include not only political, economic, and social obstacles, but also psychological reliance upon the; Search Snippet: ...had generated considerable success in the twentieth century. From the boarding and missionary schools that were established, a new class of civilized Indians emerged to help carry out America's Indian assimilation agenda. These people and their like-minded descendants are... 2002  
Katherine O'Donovan Real Mothers for Abandoned Children 36 Law and Society Review 347 (2002) Drawing on the laws and practices of three countries--England, France, and Germany--this article examines the constructions of narratives of abandoned children. Although the three countries share the values of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, having ratified it, their laws and practices with regard to the child's identity; Search Snippet: ...for adoption without their mothers' consents (Milotte 1997), and of native peoples whose children were forced into boarding schools provide ample evidence of the need for protection (Australian... 2002  
Sheri L. Hazeltine Speedy Termination of Alaska Native Parental Rights: the 1998 Changes to Alaska's Child in Need of Aid Statutes and Their Inherent Conflict with the Mandates of the Federal Indian Child Welfare Act 19 Alaska Law Review 57 (June, 2002) This Article examines the problems with the new Child in Need of Aid (CINA) statutes and how these problems have affected Alaska Native families. The Article discusses how the new CINA statutes have failed to incorporate the special protections found under the federal Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) for cases involving Alaska Native children; Search Snippet: ...AND THEIR INHERENT CONFLICT WITH THE MANDATES OF THE FEDERAL INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT Sheri L. Hazeltine [FNa1] Copyright © 2002 Sheri L... 2002 Yes
Sandra B. Zellmer Sustaining Geographies of Hope: Cultural Resources on Public Lands 73 University of Colorado Law Review 413 (Spring 2002) Then I was standing on the highest mountain of them all, and round about beneath me was the whole hoop of the world. . . . [T]he sacred hoop of my people was one of many hoops that made one circle, wide as daylight and as starlight, and in the center grew one mighty flowering tree to shelter all the children of one mother and one father. And I saw; Search Snippet: ...culture and become assimilated into Anglo society. Relocation programs placed Indians in jobs in urban centers away from their reservations and tribal communities and took Indian children away from their families to be educated at distant boarding schools. [FN90] Many of these schools, and many schools on... 2002  
Richard B. Maltby The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 and the Missed Opportunity to Apply the Act in Guardianships 46 Saint Louis University Law Journal 213 (Winter 2002) State courts have had over two decades to mold the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA or the Act) into a mechanism for protecting Indian heritage while simultaneously providing the ideal nurturing conditions for Indian children who are the subjects of custodial proceedings involving a non-parent. Although there are no typical ICWA cases,; Search Snippet: ...JOURNAL Saint Louis University Law Journal Winter 2002 Note THE INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT OF 1978 AND THE MISSED OPPORTUNITY TO APPLY... 2002 Yes
Lindsay Glauner The Need for Accountability and Reparation: 1830-1976 the United States Government's Role in the Promotion, Implementation, and Execution of the Crime of Genocide Against Native Americans 51 DePaul Law Review 911 (Spring 2002) The opposite of love is not hate; it's indifference. The opposite of art is not ugliness; it's indifference. The opposite of faith is not heresy; it's indifference. The opposite of life is not death; it's indifference. Because of indifference, one dies before one actually dies. Elie Wiesel. On September 8, 2000, the head of the Bureau of Indian; Search Snippet: ...the forced sterilization programs, [FN103] and the forced transfer of Native American children to boarding schools [FN104] would be perceived as having had the intent... 2002  
Natsu Taylor Saito The Plenary Power Doctrine: Subverting Human Rights in the Name of Sovereignty 51 Catholic University Law Review 1115 (Summer, 2002) To deny any person their human rights is to challenge their very humanity. Nelson Mandela Human rights law is a subset of the system of international law that evolved in Europe over the several centuries during which European states were consolidated and reached out to lay claim to the rest of the world. Because it is a system created by states,; Search Snippet: ...genocidal and ecocidal policies of almost unimaginable proportions. Generations of Indian children were forcibly removed from their families and imprisoned in boarding schools where they were stripped of their culture, traumatized, and... 2002  
Dean B. Suagee The Supreme Court's "Whack-a-mole" Game Theory in Federal Indian Law, a Theory That Has No Place in the Realm of Environmental Law 7 Great Plains Natural Resources Journal 90 (Fall 2002) I. A Short Explanation of the Court's Whack-a-Mole Game Theory. 97 A. The General Proposition of Montana v. United States. 97 B. The Whack-a-Mole Line of Cases. 99 C. The 2001 Decisions. 102 1. Atkinson Trading Company, Inc. v. Shirley. 102 2. Nevada v. Hicks. 104 D. The Importance of the Sweeping Premise. 105 II. The Court's Disregard for; Search Snippet: ...the land-ownership prong of its assimilationist strategy by taking Indian children away from their homes and sending them to boarding schools. The overall consequence was a great deal of cultural... 2002  
Robert B. Porter - Odawi Two Kinds of Indians, Two Kinds of Indian Nation Sovereignty: a Surreply to Professor Lavelle 11 Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 629 (Spring, 2002) If you can free your mind, the body will follow. - Morpheus I. INTRODUCTION John LaVelle, my colleague at the University of South Dakota, graciously took up the task of commenting on my article arguing against the increasing practice of American Indians to self-identify as, and to exercise the political rights of, American citizens. Professor; Search Snippet: ...fails to acknowledge that the fundamental purpose of making the Indians Christians, like sending them to the boarding schools, was to completely destroy traditional Indian culture and identity. That is why today it is not... 2002  
John Rockwell Snowden , Wayne Tyndall , David Smith American Indian Sovereignty and Naturalization: It's a Race Thing 80 Nebraska Law Review 171 (2001) I. A Sketch of Naturalization in the United States. 176 A. The Historical Background of Naturalization in the United States. 176 1. English Roots: The Theory of Natural Allegiance. 176 2. The Colonial Experience: The Theory of Volitional Allegiance Emerges. 179 3. Defining the Qualifications for Naturalization After Independence. 181 B. Current; Search Snippet: ...established by the BIA to qualify for Federal benefits. Many Indian children whose parents met and married at off-reservation inter-tribal boarding schools got left out of tribal per capita payments and... 2001  
Robert J. Miller Economic Development in Indian Country: Will Capitalism or Socialism Succeed? 80 Oregon Law Review 757 (Fall 2001) I. Traditional American Indian Economies and Private Property Concepts. 764 A. Indian Private Property Rights. 767 1. Land. 767 2. Private Property Rights Other Than Land. 773 3. Wealth Accumulation. 776 B. Tribal Economies. 780 1. Tribal Economic Management. 781 2. Tribal and Individual Indian Trading. 785 a. Native Trading Networks. 786 b. Tribal; Search Snippet: ...and state schools on or near reservations that serve many Indian children have numerous needs and are below the U.S. school averages... 2001  
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