AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Term in Title or Summary
Carole E. Goldberg Individual Rights and Tribal Revitalization 35 Arizona State Law Journal 889 (Fall, 2003) Most contemporary scholars concerned with what may be called tribal revitalization--the strengthening of political and cultural sovereignty for Native nations--treat individual rights as an impediment to achieving that objective, not a positive tool. For example, Professor Robert Porter has written that introduction of individual rights into tribal; Search Snippet: ...conflicts between competing individual rights. As an example, she cites Indian child welfare cases when individual children's rights are put up against... 2003  
Sara Dillon Making Legal Regimes for Intercountry Adoption Reflect Human Rights Principles: Transforming the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child with the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption 21 Boston University International Law Journal 179 (Fall 2003) I. Introduction: The Ideological Morass at the Heart of International and National Adoption Law. 180 A. Who will articulate a child's right not to be institutionalized? How to articulate a child's right to a family of his or her own?. 187 B. Identifying Acceptable and Unacceptable Forms of Care. 191 II. The International Human Rights Picture: The; Search Snippet: ...masterful detail the tragic history of the placement of American Indian children in non- Indian settings, including in boarding schools and with non- Indian families, clearly demonstrating that this practice had its roots in... 2003  
Kari E. Hong Parens Patri[archy]: Adoption, Eugenics, and Same-sex Couples 40 California Western Law Review Rev. 1 (Fall 2003) Introduction. 2 I. Historical Overview of Adoption Placement Practices in the United States. 11 A. Early History of Adoption in the United States: From Private Bills to Orphan Trains. 12 B. The Fall and Rise of Adoption: Eugenics to the Cold War. 19 C. Historical Examination of Contemporary Justifications for Adoption Bans. 31 1. Indian Child; Search Snippet: ...Historical Examination of Contemporary Justifications for Adoption Bans 31 1. Indian Child Welfare Act: Superiority of Nuclear Family and Proper Gender Role... 2003  
  Privatization of Federal Indian Schools: a Legal Uncertainty 116 Harvard Law Review 1455 (March, 2003) Throughout the world of education, a debate has raged over the desirability of private school management corporations (PMCs) operating the public education system. Private corporations are greatly attracted to managing public schools. Education, in theory, is a lucrative business. Primary and secondary education, the largest segment of the; Search Snippet: ...Historically, the federal government has assumed the responsibility of educating Indian children. Initially, its Indian education strategy consisted of assimilation and civilization. [FN3] The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), created under the War Department in 1824 [FN4... 2003  
Kelly D. Lynn Seeking Environmental Justice for Cultural Minorities: the South Lawrence Trafficway of Lawrence, Kansas 12 Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 221 (Winter, 2003) There is a compact between humans and their surroundings which must be considered when humans make governmental decisions about themselves and their neighbors. In 1882, Congress established a non-reservation Native American boarding school named Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas, with the pronounced purpose to civilize Native American; Search Snippet: ...FN1] I. BACKGROUND In 1882, Congress established a non-reservation Native American boarding school named Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas, with the pronounced purpose to civilize Native American children. [FN2] Approximately 700 students were enrolled there at... 2003  
Hector E. Campoy Symposium Introductory Speech 45 Arizona Law Review 567 (Fall 2003) Good evening and welcome to Tucson, Arizona. I am pleased to be attending this provocative symposium and to address you this Friday evening. I want to extend my thanks to the law school and more specifically, to Dean Massaro and Professors Atwood and Bennett for promoting and organizing the symposium. Our thanks should also be extended to the law; Search Snippet: ...lives. This paternalistic posture motivated the federal government's policy for Indian children and boarding schools. [FN9] As a result of this policy, native children... 2003  
Rebecca Tsosie The Challenge of "Differentiated Citizenship": Can State Constitutions Protect Tribal Rights? 64 Montana Law Review 199 (Winter 2003) One of the most vexing problems in contemporary states with large Native populations is whether the continuing inequities between Native and non-Native peoples are best addressed through the standard framework of Federal Indian Law, in which the federal government mediates tribal-state relations, or through newly articulated legal relationships; Search Snippet: ...traditionally fallen solely within state police powers. However, the Federal Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), 25 U.S.C. §§ 1901 1963 , limits state jurisdiction over Indian children who are members of federally recognized tribes, or are eligible... 2003  
Matthew L.M. Fletcher The Drug War on Tribal Government Employees: Adopting the Ways of the Conqueror 35 Columbia Human Rights Law Review Rev. 1 (Fall 2003) For three months Gus and the Indian female counselor met weekly. They would smudge before each session with sweet grass. Gus would explore his reality while carrying a stone in his hand. We were learning, listening and talking, speaking freely, not judged. It was the nonjudgmental approach that attracted him --there is a stigma on a non-Indian; Search Snippet: ...out of the criminal justice system, [FN58] through education of Indian children at home and at school, and through increased funding for... 2003  
Rebecca Tsosie Tribalism, Constitutionalism, and Cultural Pluralism: Where Do Indigenous Peoples Fit Within Civil Society? 5 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 357 (January, 2003) The effort of modern political theory to understand multiculturalism has engendered a variety of responses, depending upon the theoretical tradition (e.g., liberalism, communitarianism) and the nature of the group (e.g., immigrant groups, descendants of slaves, indigenous peoples). Contemporary political philosophers struggle with two primary; Search Snippet: ...efforts to manage differences. [FN46] The history of relations between Native people and the United States government is replete with examples of the former: the United States military campaigns against Indian nations, the forced relocation of Native groups from their traditional homelands, and the forcible assimilation of Native people through boarding school policies and Christianization. However, the United States has also... 2003  
William Bradford With a Very Great Blame on Our Hearts: Reparations, Reconciliation, and an American Indian Plea for Peace with Justice 27 American Indian Law Review Rev. 1 (2002-2003) In a post-September 11th era riven by ethno-nationalism, territorial revanchism, and religious terror, the United States has assumed the mantle of leadership in articulating the moral, political, and legal norms that will inform reconstruction of global security architecture. Defense of human rights, whether motivated by its contribution to the; Search Snippet: ...in its stead. [FN204] Beginning in the late nineteenth century, Indian children were taken, often without parental or tribal consent, to boarding schools where their hair was cut, their tribal clothing exchanged... 2003  
Carole Goldberg American Indians and "Preferential" Treatment 49 UCLA Law Review 943 (April, 2002) Preferences and benefits for American Indians predate the American policy of affirmative action and flow from different rationales. Nonetheless, Indian preferences are the latest targets in the battle against affirmative action. Opponents of Indian preferences and benefits have long deployed the rhetoric of equal rights to attack treaty rights and; Search Snippet: ...outsider. For other tribes, however, the provisions for non-member Indians reflect a realistic acceptance of past federal policies that have promoted intermarriage among tribes, such as the federal boarding school policy of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. [FN104] In... 2002  
Natsu Taylor Saito Asserting Plenary Power over the "Other": Indians, Immigrants, Colonial Subjects, and Why U.s. Jurisprudence Needs to Incorporate International Law 20 Yale Law and Policy Review 427 (2002) I. Human Rights and the Contradictions Within U.S. Law. 427 II. Origins of the Plenary Power Doctrine: The 19th Century Cases. 433 A. Immigrants. 434 B. Indian Nations. 437 C. External Colonies. 443 III. Plenary Power Today: The Doctrine and the Destruction. 447 A. Immigrants. 447 B. Indian Nations. 451 C. External Colonies. 455 IV. The Inadequacy; Search Snippet: ...genocidal and ecocidal policies of almost unimaginable proportions. Generations of Indian children have been forcibly removed from their families and imprisoned in boarding schools where they were stripped of their culture, traumatized, and... 2002  
Ruthann Robson Assimilation, Marriage, and Lesbian Liberation 75 Temple Law Review 709 (Winter 2002) I. Introduction. 710 II. Assimilation and Legal Culture. 712 A. The Dominant and Idealized Group. 715 B. The Coercive Nature of Assimilation. 717 C. The Constitutional Interests of Equality. 719 D. Both Assimilation and Anti-Assimilation Can Be Repressive. 722 E. Segregation and Separatism. 725 F. The Disagreement Within Communities. 727 III; Search Snippet: ...first occurred through explicit policies administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, which forced Native children to attend boarding schools for eight years, during which time the children were not permitted to speak their native language, wear native clothes or keep their hair long. [FN64] State welfare agencies... 2002  
Larry EchoHawk Child Sexual Abuse in Indian Country: Is the Guardian Keeping in Mind the Seventh Generation? 5 NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 83 (2001-2002) When European settlers first came to the northeastern shore of America, they encountered the great Iroquois Confederacy. Through this contact, white men were intrigued and influenced by several principles of governance used by the Iroquois. One of these principles is reflected in a phrase that captures the spirit of the Iroquois's view toward; Search Snippet: ...Native American children and to bring those who sexually molest Indian children to justice. I Child Sexual Abuse in America A. Statistics... 2002  
Danelle J. Daugherty Children Are Sacred: Looking Beyond Best Interests of the Child to Establish Effective Tribal-state Cooperative Child Support Advocacy Agreements in South Dakota 47 South Dakota Law Review 282 (2002) Interstate child support advocacy has been streamlined to deal with the problems relating to parties residing in different jurisdictions. Although these laws recognize and call for cross-jurisdictional recognition of tribal child support orders, in practice, that mandate is not always followed. In addition, tribal courts are often on the defensive; Search Snippet: ...their languages; second, a widespread education effort utilized military-style boarding schools including punishments for behavior of a cultural nature; [FN17... 2002  
Carole Goldberg Descent into Race 49 UCLA Law Review 1373 (June, 2002) Unlike Indian nations themselves, some federal and state courts are conceptualizing Indian identity as a racial identity. Courts, in turn, are using this racialized understanding of Indian identity as the basis for invalidating federal laws, such as the Reindeer Act and the Indian Child Welfare Act, that Congress passed to address tribal needs; Search Snippet: ...invalidating federal laws, such as the Reindeer Act and the Indian Child Welfare Act, that Congress passed to address tribal needs. Some... 2002  
Barbara Ann Atwood Flashpoints under the Indian Child Welfare Act: Toward a New Understanding of State Court Resistance 51 Emory Law Journal 587 (Spring 2002) The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA or the Act), a unique statute in the American legal landscape, was an effort by Congress to reverse the wholesale separation of Indian children from their families and to restore tribal authority over the welfare of Indian children. By some accounts the Act has been the victim of entrenched state court; Search Snippet: ...JOURNAL Emory Law Journal Spring 2002 Article FLASHPOINTS UNDER THE INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT: TOWARD A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF STATE COURT RESISTANCE... 2002 Yes
Louis Fisher Indian Religious Freedom: to Litigate or Legislate? 26 American Indian Law Review Rev. 1 (2001-2002) For most of U.S. history, little was done at the national or state level to protect the religious practices of Indians. Initially they were to be civilized, assimilated, and acculturated into American society. Later stages led to exclusion of most Indians from the east coast, the creation of additional reservations, and termination of federal; Search Snippet: ...missionaries and religious societies brought in to establish schools for Indian children. [FN14] President John Quincy Adams told Congress in 1828 that... 2002  
John D. Barton , Candace M. Barton Jurisdiction of Ute Reservation Lands 26 American Indian Law Review 133 (2001-2002) In 1994, after years of litigation involving several court cases, the Supreme Court of the United States handed down a landmark decision that ruled on jurisdiction over former Ute reservation lands. This case has since become the final word in jurisdiction of reservation lands throughout the United States. As with most policy setting decisions, the; Search Snippet: ...the government's third objective was to further assimilation by removing Indian children from their families and placing them in Indian boarding schools. In these boarding schools the Indian children were not allowed to speak their native language or practice their religious ceremonies. Some of the Indian... 2002  
Robert B. Porter Pursuing the Path of Indigenization in the Era of Emergent International Law Governing the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 5 Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal 123 (2002) This Article argues that the meaningful revitalization of Indigenous nations depends upon engaging in a process of indigenization, the active pursuit of a distinct developmental path, culture, and identity. Significant barriers to indigenization include not only political, economic, and social obstacles, but also psychological reliance upon the; Search Snippet: ...had generated considerable success in the twentieth century. From the boarding and missionary schools that were established, a new class of civilized Indians emerged to help carry out America's Indian assimilation agenda. These people and their like-minded descendants are... 2002  
Katherine O'Donovan Real Mothers for Abandoned Children 36 Law and Society Review 347 (2002) Drawing on the laws and practices of three countries--England, France, and Germany--this article examines the constructions of narratives of abandoned children. Although the three countries share the values of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, having ratified it, their laws and practices with regard to the child's identity; Search Snippet: ...for adoption without their mothers' consents (Milotte 1997), and of native peoples whose children were forced into boarding schools provide ample evidence of the need for protection (Australian... 2002  
Sheri L. Hazeltine Speedy Termination of Alaska Native Parental Rights: the 1998 Changes to Alaska's Child in Need of Aid Statutes and Their Inherent Conflict with the Mandates of the Federal Indian Child Welfare Act 19 Alaska Law Review 57 (June, 2002) This Article examines the problems with the new Child in Need of Aid (CINA) statutes and how these problems have affected Alaska Native families. The Article discusses how the new CINA statutes have failed to incorporate the special protections found under the federal Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) for cases involving Alaska Native children; Search Snippet: ...AND THEIR INHERENT CONFLICT WITH THE MANDATES OF THE FEDERAL INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT Sheri L. Hazeltine [FNa1] Copyright © 2002 Sheri L... 2002 Yes
Sandra B. Zellmer Sustaining Geographies of Hope: Cultural Resources on Public Lands 73 University of Colorado Law Review 413 (Spring 2002) Then I was standing on the highest mountain of them all, and round about beneath me was the whole hoop of the world. . . . [T]he sacred hoop of my people was one of many hoops that made one circle, wide as daylight and as starlight, and in the center grew one mighty flowering tree to shelter all the children of one mother and one father. And I saw; Search Snippet: ...culture and become assimilated into Anglo society. Relocation programs placed Indians in jobs in urban centers away from their reservations and tribal communities and took Indian children away from their families to be educated at distant boarding schools. [FN90] Many of these schools, and many schools on... 2002  
Richard B. Maltby The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 and the Missed Opportunity to Apply the Act in Guardianships 46 Saint Louis University Law Journal 213 (Winter 2002) State courts have had over two decades to mold the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA or the Act) into a mechanism for protecting Indian heritage while simultaneously providing the ideal nurturing conditions for Indian children who are the subjects of custodial proceedings involving a non-parent. Although there are no typical ICWA cases,; Search Snippet: ...JOURNAL Saint Louis University Law Journal Winter 2002 Note THE INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT OF 1978 AND THE MISSED OPPORTUNITY TO APPLY... 2002 Yes
Lindsay Glauner The Need for Accountability and Reparation: 1830-1976 the United States Government's Role in the Promotion, Implementation, and Execution of the Crime of Genocide Against Native Americans 51 DePaul Law Review 911 (Spring 2002) The opposite of love is not hate; it's indifference. The opposite of art is not ugliness; it's indifference. The opposite of faith is not heresy; it's indifference. The opposite of life is not death; it's indifference. Because of indifference, one dies before one actually dies. Elie Wiesel. On September 8, 2000, the head of the Bureau of Indian; Search Snippet: ...the forced sterilization programs, [FN103] and the forced transfer of Native American children to boarding schools [FN104] would be perceived as having had the intent... 2002  
Natsu Taylor Saito The Plenary Power Doctrine: Subverting Human Rights in the Name of Sovereignty 51 Catholic University Law Review 1115 (Summer, 2002) To deny any person their human rights is to challenge their very humanity. Nelson Mandela Human rights law is a subset of the system of international law that evolved in Europe over the several centuries during which European states were consolidated and reached out to lay claim to the rest of the world. Because it is a system created by states,; Search Snippet: ...genocidal and ecocidal policies of almost unimaginable proportions. Generations of Indian children were forcibly removed from their families and imprisoned in boarding schools where they were stripped of their culture, traumatized, and... 2002  
Dean B. Suagee The Supreme Court's "Whack-a-mole" Game Theory in Federal Indian Law, a Theory That Has No Place in the Realm of Environmental Law 7 Great Plains Natural Resources Journal 90 (Fall 2002) I. A Short Explanation of the Court's Whack-a-Mole Game Theory. 97 A. The General Proposition of Montana v. United States. 97 B. The Whack-a-Mole Line of Cases. 99 C. The 2001 Decisions. 102 1. Atkinson Trading Company, Inc. v. Shirley. 102 2. Nevada v. Hicks. 104 D. The Importance of the Sweeping Premise. 105 II. The Court's Disregard for; Search Snippet: ...the land-ownership prong of its assimilationist strategy by taking Indian children away from their homes and sending them to boarding schools. The overall consequence was a great deal of cultural... 2002  
Robert B. Porter - Odawi Two Kinds of Indians, Two Kinds of Indian Nation Sovereignty: a Surreply to Professor Lavelle 11 Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 629 (Spring, 2002) If you can free your mind, the body will follow. - Morpheus I. INTRODUCTION John LaVelle, my colleague at the University of South Dakota, graciously took up the task of commenting on my article arguing against the increasing practice of American Indians to self-identify as, and to exercise the political rights of, American citizens. Professor; Search Snippet: ...fails to acknowledge that the fundamental purpose of making the Indians Christians, like sending them to the boarding schools, was to completely destroy traditional Indian culture and identity. That is why today it is not... 2002  
John Rockwell Snowden , Wayne Tyndall , David Smith American Indian Sovereignty and Naturalization: It's a Race Thing 80 Nebraska Law Review 171 (2001) I. A Sketch of Naturalization in the United States. 176 A. The Historical Background of Naturalization in the United States. 176 1. English Roots: The Theory of Natural Allegiance. 176 2. The Colonial Experience: The Theory of Volitional Allegiance Emerges. 179 3. Defining the Qualifications for Naturalization After Independence. 181 B. Current; Search Snippet: ...established by the BIA to qualify for Federal benefits. Many Indian children whose parents met and married at off-reservation inter-tribal boarding schools got left out of tribal per capita payments and... 2001  
Robert J. Miller Economic Development in Indian Country: Will Capitalism or Socialism Succeed? 80 Oregon Law Review 757 (Fall 2001) I. Traditional American Indian Economies and Private Property Concepts. 764 A. Indian Private Property Rights. 767 1. Land. 767 2. Private Property Rights Other Than Land. 773 3. Wealth Accumulation. 776 B. Tribal Economies. 780 1. Tribal Economic Management. 781 2. Tribal and Individual Indian Trading. 785 a. Native Trading Networks. 786 b. Tribal; Search Snippet: ...and state schools on or near reservations that serve many Indian children have numerous needs and are below the U.S. school averages... 2001  
Robert J. Miller Exercising Cultural Self-determination: the Makah Indian Tribe Goes Whaling 25 American Indian Law Review 165 (2000-2001) Save a Whale, Harpoon a Makah American Indian tribes and Alaskan and Hawaiian natives have long suffered under the cultural oppression of European and American societies. As a result many tribal traditions, cultures, and languages have disappeared from the North American continent and Hawaiian Islands. Today, American Indian tribes and native; Search Snippet: ...be ashamed of their own families, culture, and language. [FN209] Boarding schools were used at Makah from roughly 1870-1940 the same as in the rest of Indian country to teach Indian children civilized ways and to eradicate Indian culture. [FN210] Makah families were forced to send their children... 2001  
Rose Weston Facing the Past, Facing the Future: Applying the Truth Commission Model to the Historic Treatment of Native Americans in the United States 18 Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law 1017 (2001) We have to face the unpleasant as well as the affirmative side of the human story, including our own story as a nation, our own stories of our peoples. We have got to have the ugly facts in order to protect us from the official view of reality. Bill Moyers, Journalist The history of the United States is rife with allegations of the most serious; Search Snippet: ...with its whole range of exclusionary practices. [FN197] Generations of Native American children were abducted from their families and confined in isolated boarding schools whose purpose, often openly stated, was to assimilate native tribes by destroying the connection between the children and their native cultures. [FN198] These historical examples of violence and mistreatment constitute... 2001  
David H. Getches Indian Reserved Water Rights: the Winters Doctrine in its Social and Legal Context, 1880s-1930s. By John Shurts. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 2000. Pp. Xv, 333. $39.95. 99 Michigan Law Review 1473 (May, 2001) A single, century-old court decision affects the water rights of nearly everyone in the West. The Supreme Court's two-page opinion in Winters v. United States sent out shock waves that reverberate today. By formulating the doctrine of reserved water rights, the Court put Indian tribes first in line for water in an arid region. Priority is; Search Snippet: ...thought, depended on destruction of Indian culture and reservations. And Indian children were to be civilized by removing them from their families and putting them in boarding schools, where they were forced to give up their dress... 2001  
Allison M. Dussias Let No Native American Child Be Left Behind: Re-envisioning Native American Education for the Twenty-first Century 43 Arizona Law Review 819 (WINTER, 2001) The work of the government directed toward the education and advancement of the Indian...is largely ineffective.... [T]he government has not appropriated enough funds to permit the Indian Service to employ an adequate personnel properly qualified for the task before it. -- Meriam Report, 1928 [O]ur national policies for educating American Indians; Search Snippet: ...are a failure of major proportions. They have not offered Indian children--either in years past or today--an educational opportunity anywhere... 2001  
Margaret F. Brinig Moving Toward a First-best World: Minnesota's Position on Multiethnic Adoptions 28 William Mitchell Law Review 553 (2001) I. Introduction. 553 II. A Brief Historical Review of Multicultural Adoption. 555 III. Demography, or A Political Win with Very Little Cost. 568 IV. The Substitute--Kinship Foster Care. 577 V. The Transracial Adoption Debate. 583 VI. Some Empirical Observations. 587 VII. Conclusions. 589 VIII. Appendix. 596; Search Snippet: ...biological family and heritage. At the outset, Minnesota promulgated the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), [FN27] adopted the ALI/ABA rules protecting... 2001  
Ruthann Robson Our Children: Kids of Queer Parents & Kids Who Are Queer: Looking at Sexual Minority Rights from a Different Perspective 64 Albany Law Review 915 (2001) Much of the conservative right's rhetoric in the realm of minority sexualities has focused on children. Drawing on themes of disease and seduction, Christian fundamentalists have portrayed gay men and lesbians as predators who target children, hoping to seduce them into a life of depravity and disease. As Jeffrey Weeks noted many years ago, it; Search Snippet: ...American children was finally addressed by Congress, resulting in the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978. [FN49] Meanwhile, the persecution of sexual... 2001  
John P. La Velle Rescuing Paha Sapa: Achieving Environmental Justice by Restoring the Great Grasslands and Returning the Sacred Black Hills to the Great Sioux Nation 5 Great Plains Natural Resources Journal 40 (Spring/Summer, 2001) History, despite its wrenching pain, Cannot be unlived, but if faced With courage, need not be lived again. I. The Proposal for Establishing the Greater Black Hills Wildlife Protected Area. 41 II. A Harvest of Sorrow and Blood: The Dispossession of Paha Sapa. 43 III. The Vital Need for Returning Paha Sapa to the Great Sioux Nation. 63 IV. The; Search Snippet: ...from their families and communities to be raised by non- Indians in far-off boarding schools. Congress passed a number of statutes aimed at destroying... 2001  
Wallace Coffey, Rebecca Tsosie Rethinking the Tribal Sovereignty Doctrine: Cultural Sovereignty and the Collective Future of Indian Nations 12 Stanford Law and Policy Review 191 (Spring, 2001) Cultural sovereignty is the heart and soul that you have, and no one has jurisdiction over that but God. Wallace Coffey (Comanche) This article is the result of a dialogue between colleagues who live and work within a particular universe which Indian people know very well and non-Indians know very little: the cultural existence of an Indian nation; Search Snippet: ...for their own good. Thus, until rescinded by the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act, [FN125] multiple federal policies such as allotment, criminalization of Native religion, forcible removal of Native children to remote boarding schools (where they were forbidden to speak their languages and... 2001  
Kimberly A. Costello Rice V. Cayetano: Trouble in Paradise for Native Hawaiians Claiming Special Relationship Status 79 North Carolina Law Review 812 (March, 2001) The United States government has long claimed a special relationship with the once-sovereign peoples whose culture and autonomy were forever altered and in some cases destroyed by Western expansion. As distinguished from other minority groups, indigenous tribal Indians have a unique legal and political relationship with the federal government,; Search Snippet: ...groups are not considered tribes for the purposes of the Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 U.S.C. § 1903(8) (1994)); Reid Peyton... 2001  
John P. LaVelle Strengthening Tribal Sovereignty Through Indian Participation in American Politics: a Reply to Professor Porter 10-SPG Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 533 (Spring, 2001) I hope that we have had enough fighting amongst ourselves. The occasion for this essay came about in a peculiar way. I missed the first day of fall 2000 classes at the University of South Dakota School of Law because my wife and I were attending the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles. When I returned to my office at the law school, I; Search Snippet: ...of the Indian Apocalypse: convert the Indians to Christianity, force Indian children to obtain Western education, allot tribal common lands to individual... 2001  
Annette Ruth Appell Virtual Mothers and the Meaning of Parenthood 34 University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 683 (Summer 2001) Professor Appell supports the use of the traditional parental rights doctrine, which accords biological parents, particularly mothers, parental status alienable only voluntarily or upon proof of unfitness. She defends the doctrine against the criticisms that it is regressive and does not protect the interests of children or de facto parents. She; Search Snippet: ...tools used to define families. The government's coercive removal of Native American children from their families and tribes to foster homes and government boarding schools reveals the personal and cultural destructiveness of discretionary decisionmaking... 2001  
Vine Deloria, Jr. A Walk on the Inside 71 University of Colorado Law Review 397 (Spring 2000) We are taught that attorneys are officers of the court, and we like to think of ourselves as representatives of the law. But how do we represent the law? To what degree does it become part of ourselves, allowing us to look back on our lives and see that we have become an integral participant in the legal process in the most positive fashion? And; Search Snippet: ...broken that idea into pieces by enticing, and then kidnapping, Indian children to its off-reservation boarding schools, by depriving parents of rations due to them under... 2000  
David Wilkins An Inquiry into Indigenous Political Participation: Implications for Tribal Sovereignty 9-SUM Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 732 (Summer, 2000) When we set out to examine the various forms and patterns of indigenous political participation in the three polities they are connected to-tribal, state, and federal-we are stepping into a most complicated subject matter. It is complicated in large part because Indians are citizens of separate extra-constitutional nations whose members have only; Search Snippet: ...A number of issues were addressed including taxation, education, appropriations, Indian child welfare, senior citizens, environmental issues and especially Indian gaming. But... 2000  
Richard Delgado ; Jean Stefancic California's Racial History and Constitutional Rationales for Race-conscious Decision Making in Higher Education 47 UCLA Law Review 1521 (August, 2000) Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic examine the history of racial mistreatment of citizens of color in California. Beginning with incidents of racial brutality during the early Spanish colonial period and proceeding into the present, Delgado and Stefancic reveal that California has not been the egalitarian paradise many suppose. The authors write; Search Snippet: ...FN362] Indian schools, by contrast, seem to have done the Indian children sent there very little favor. As mentioned earlier, [FN363] Spanish... 2000  
Angela P. Harris Equality Trouble: Sameness and Difference in Twentieth-century Race Law 88 California Law Review 1923 (December, 2000) Introduction. 1925 I. The First Reconstruction: Prelude to the Twentieth Century. 1930 A. The Legal Structure of the First Reconstruction. 1931 B. Dismantling Reconstruction: The Southern Redemption. 1936 II. Race Law in the Age Of Difference. 1937 A. Civilization and Self-Determination: The Increasing Importance of Race. 1938 B. Race Law and; Search Snippet: ...low with respect to relations between the federal government and Indian tribes. Government policy in the assimilation period had entailed allotment of Indian lands, the removal of political power over their own affairs from the tribes, the coerced destruction of Indian cultures through Americanization programs such as boarding schools for Indian children, the suppression of Indian... 2000  
Pat Sekaquaptewa Evolving the Hopi Common Law 9-SUM Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 761 (Summer, 2000) But will you, friend, explain to me that which I cannot understand? Why do the white people want to stop our dances and our songs? Why do they trouble us? Why do they interfere with what can harm them not? What ill do we do any white man when we dance? Lololomai, white men do not understand your dances or your songs. They do not even know one word; Search Snippet: ...oldest and largest villages. [FN12] By 1934, the federal government's boarding schools, Indian agents, police, judge and jail were well established in Hopi... 2000  
Dena L. Silliman, Esq. Francis Browning Pipestem: a Great and Savage Warrior 24 American Indian Law Review IX (2000) On August 2, 1999, F. Browning Pipestem passed from this life and Indian country suffered the loss of its most zealous advocate. Browning Pipestem, award-winning attorney and scholar, spent thirty-one years in the pursuit of justice, the protection of tribal sovereignty, and judicial and legislative confirmation of the rights of tribes and Indian; Search Snippet: ...of eight, his early years were spent at the Chilocco Indian School a government boarding school for Indians located on the Oklahoma-Kansas border. Browning could entertain for... 2000  
Lanette P. Dalley Imprisoned Mothers and Their Children: Their Often Conflicting Legal Rights 22 Hamline Journal of Public Law and Policy Pol'y 1 (Fall 2000) Justice, it is said, is about acquitting the innocent and punishing the guilty, but when mothers are imprisoned their children become the silent victims and are penalized the most. Robert Shaw (1993) Inmates and their families have been brought to the forefront of not only the correctional system but also to society, largely because of the; Search Snippet: ...American imprisoned mothers throughout the parental termination proceedings since the Indian Child Welfare Act (1978) mandates legal representation for the parents relating... 2000  
Peter K. Wahl Little Power to Help Brenda? A Defense of the Indian Child Welfare Act and its Continued Implementation in Minnesota 26 William Mitchell Law Review 811 (2000) I. Introduction. 812 II. Background of the Indian Child Welfare Act. 815 A. The History of Indian Child Placement Programs. 816 B. The History of ICWA. 817 III. The Indian Child Welfare Act. 820 A. Provisions of the Indian Child Welfare Act. 820 1. Notice Provisions. 821 2. Jurisdiction Provisions. 821 a. Public Law 280. 822 b. Tribal Power in; Search Snippet: ...Article LITTLE POWER TO HELP BRENDA? A DEFENSE OF THE INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT AND ITS CONTINUED IMPLEMENTATION IN MINNESOTA Peter K... 2000 Yes
William C. Bradford Reclaiming Indigenous Legal Autonomy on the Path to Peaceful Coexistence: the Theory, Practice, and Limitations of Tribal Peacemaking in Indian Dispute Resolution 76 North Dakota Law Review 551 (2000) Nothing is gained by dwelling upon the unhappy conflicts that have prevailed . . . . The generation of Indians who suffered the privations, indignities, and brutalities of the westward march of the white man have gone to the Happy Hunting Ground, and nothing that we can do can square the account with them. Whatever survives is a moral obligation; Search Snippet: ...incorrigible girl remained abusive and required dispatch to a tribal boarding school for girls in Oklahoma; nevertheless, many non- Indian observers registered their shock at the barbarity of TPM-authorized... 2000  
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