AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Terms
Matthew R. Nola CIVIL RIGHTS, CRIMINAL PUNISHMENTS: 18 U.S.C. § 242 AND THE FAILURE OF FEDERAL RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT 58 Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 731 (2025) While 42 U.S.C. § 1983 is one of the most commonly utilized statutes in federal civil litigation, federal prosecutors hardly afford the statute's criminal counterpart, 18 U.S.C. § 242, the same attention. Since the volume of federal rights-vindicating cases under Section 1983 far outstrips that under Section 242, the people are largely left to... 2025  
Abby Husselbee, Cara R. Lynch, Gabriel Pacyniak CLEAN FUEL STANDARD DIRECTED BENEFIT MECHANISMS TO PROMOTE EQUITY 55 Texas Environmental Law Journal 2 (Spring, 2025) I. Introduction. 3 II. Background. 6 III. Mechanisms for Directing Public Health, Mobility, and Economic Benefits in a CFS Program. 13 A. Directed Credit Spending Approaches. 14 1. Electricity Supplier Directed Credit Spending Programs. 17 2. Aggregator Directed Spending Approaches. 22 3. Potential for Directed Credit Spending for EV Manufacturers... 2025  
Carrie Rosenbaum COLORBLIND IMMIGRATION RACISM 72 UCLA Law Review Discourse 554 (2025) The Fifth Amendment equal protection doctrine has never been effective at curtailing racialized harm in immigration law. While not expressly drafted to address racially differential impact, the administrative law doctrine known as arbitrary and capricious review has the potential to enable courts to set aside discretionary immigration enforcement... 2025  
Todd Aagaard COMPENSATING REGULATORY LOSERS 2025 University of Illinois Law Review 555 (2025) Every change in government regulation creates benefits and burdens that fall unequally on the population. This unequal distribution raises the question of whether fairness requires compensating those who bear regulatory costs--what is known as the compensation problem. The extensive body of scholarship addressing the compensation problem tends to... 2025  
Daniel S. Harawa COMPLICATING RACIAL JUSTICE NARRATIVES: THE PEREMPTORY ELIMINATION DEBATE 105 Boston University Law Review 1731 (October, 2025) Studies consistently show that prosecutors disproportionately use peremptory challenges to strike people of color from juries. Several states have endeavored to address this well-documented problem by fortifying the Batson framework. Arizona, however, recently took the radical step of eliminating peremptory challenges altogether. This... 2025  
Courtney W Hess , Julia K Campbell , Holly Hackman , Laura Hayden , Jonathan Howland CONCUSSION MANAGEMENT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN HIGH SCHOOLS: EXAMINING POLICY THROUGH A DISPROPORTIONALITY LENS 53 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 281 (Summer, 2025) Background and Objectives: Evidence-based concussion practices have been codified into legislation, yet implementation has been narrowly evaluated. We examined implementation of concussion practices in Massachusetts high schools and adopted a disproportionality lens to assess the relationship between school sociodemographic and policy... 2025  
Francisco Valdes CONSTITUTIONAL "LAW" IN A LAWLESS COURT: RESTORING THE SOURCES AND METHODS OF PRINCIPLED INTERPRETATION 72 UCLA Law Review Discourse 624 (2025) The Fourteenth Amendment's equality and liberty clauses have been subjected to more judicial review, and opining, than most others. In this still-ongoing interpretative process, successive generations of (mostly) white male federal judges have exploited the unenumerated review power based chiefly on their personal ideological predilections to... 2025  
Jennifer Eno Louden , Theodore R. Curry , Betel Hernandez , Elena Vaudreuil , Osvaldo F. Morera CRIMINOGENIC RISK FACTORS AMONG IMMIGRANTS IN THE U.S.-MÉXICO BORDER REGION 31 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 315 (November, 2025) Despite media portrayals to the contrary, immigrants to the United States tend to commit less crime than U.S.-born citizens. However, the factors underlying this at the individual level are not fully understood. To examine this, we conducted two complementary studies among individuals in the U.S.-México border region who were recently booked into... 2025  
Sarah Medina Camiscoli CRISIS CONVERGENCE 120 Northwestern University Law Review 5 (2025) Abstract--Progressive jurists and legal scholars have called the Supreme Court's doctrine of colorblind constitutionalism that dismantled affirmative action in Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard (SFFA) a crisis for constitutional democracy. However, scholars have not yet tended to students, particularly students... 2025  
Steven L. Nelson, J.D., Ph.D. , Aaren N. Cassidy, Ed.D. , Sheron T. Davenport, Ed.D. CRITICAL RACE CARE, THE MISSING LINK IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE TAKEOVER LEGISLATION: A CRITICAL RACE SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION 25 Journal of Law in Society 86 (Winter, 2025) C1-2CONTENTS Abstract. 87 Introduction. 88 I. State Takeovers: Then and Now. 91 A. Efforts at Education Reform and Accountability. 91 B. State Takeovers: Different Strokes Aimed at the Same Folks. 95 C. State Takeovers as an Entry Point for Market-Based Reforms. 97 II. Race, Urbanicity, and Histories of Takeover. 98 A. Seizures of Urban Areas. 99... 2025  
Joseph J. Fischel , Kate Brennan DECOMMISSIONING RAPE LAW 48 Harvard Journal of Law & Gender 149 (Spring, 2025) What if rape law should not exist? For over half a century, lawmakers, legal theorists, and activists have worked to reform modern criminal rape law so it might better remedy sexual violence and better meet the needs of sexual violence survivors. And yet, enacted reforms have failed to deliver on the promise of a safer sexual world. This Article... 2025  
T.J. Braxton DECONSTRUCTING THE GANG MENACE: GANG POLICING AND POLICE "EXPERT" TESTIMONY IN NEW YORK CITY 15 Columbia Journal of Race and Law 1337 (May, 2025) In New York City, the gang member is feared, vilified, and romanticized. The New York City Police Department (NYPD), the media, elected officials, and courts have all played a part in casting street gang members as some of the most dangerous people in society. But who exactly are these so-called gangsters? The answer is highly racialized: An... 2025  
Ivana Wijedasa DEFENDING RACE-BASED AFFINITY ORGANIZATIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN A POST-SFFA SOCIETY 105 Boston University Law Review 2037 (October, 2025) Since the Supreme Court's characterization of race-conscious admissions policies as unconstitutional in Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College (SFFA), the role of race in higher education has been under attack. States have passed bans on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) efforts leading to the closure... 2025  
Anja Bossow DEPORTATION AS TORTURE 57 New York University Journal of International Law & Politics 323 (Spring, 2025) Deportation, as a practice, is currently only lightly regulated under international human rights law. The only conditional defenses that an individual possesses against deportation are the threat of torture or cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment by the receiving state or a breach of procedural norms in the making of the deportation decision.... 2025  
Ekow N. Yankah DEPUTIZATION AND PRIVILEGED WHITE VIOLENCE 77 Stanford Law Review 703 (March, 2025) Abstract. A number of high-profile and racially charged killings, such as Trayvon Martin's, Kenneth Herring's, Ahmaud Arbery's, and Jordan Neely's, have been at the hands of civilians declaring themselves the law. These deaths stemmed from a phenomenon best described as deputization. Deputization describes a latent legal power that has empowered... 2025  
Glykeria Teji , Shira Wisotsky DIGNITY IN DETENTION: ADDRESSING GYNECOLOGICAL HEALTHCARE NEEDS OF PEOPLE DETAINED BY U.S. IMMIGRATION AUTHORITIES 34 Annals of Health Law and Life Sciences 177 (Spring, 2025) People who require gynecological and obstetric care and who are detained by U.S. federal immigration authorities face unique challenges. This article examines how the current legal and administrative landscape fails to hold those responsible for providing healthcare accountable, effectively blocking access to gynecological care, and, assuming no... 2025  
Anthony Paik , Swethaa Ballakrishnen , Carole Silver , Steven Boutcher , Tanya Rouleau Whitworth DIVERSE DISCONNECTEDNESS: HOMOPHILY, SOCIAL CAPITAL INEQUALITY, AND STUDENT EXPERIENCES IN LAW SCHOOL 50 Law and Social Inquiry 90 (February, 2025) (Received 01 June 2023; revised 21 December 2023; accepted 15 May 2024; first published online 10 October 2024) Law school students are encouraged frequently to network. However, depending on demographic categories, they may have access to differently resourced social networks in law school. In this article, we draw from our mixed-methods... 2025  
Caroline L. Ferguson DIVERSITY HIRING IN THE WORKPLACE: THE IMPLICATIONS OF STUDENTS FOR FAIR ADMISSIONS ON TITLE VII 57 Texas Tech Law Review 443 (Spring, 2025) C1-3Table of Contents I. Introduction. 445 II. Background. 447 A. Title VI. 449 B. Title VII. 449 C. Statutory Distinctions Between Title VI and Title VII. 451 III. The Students for Fair Admissions Decision. 453 A. The Cases. 454 B. Harvard and University of North Carolina's Affirmative Action Programs. 455 C. The Opinions. 456 1. Majority Opinion:... 2025  
Kelsey E. Tom , Savanna Allen , Allison R. Cross , Adam D. Fine DOES MEETING IN PERSON MATTER? EXAMINING YOUTHS' PERCEIVED SUPPORT ON JUVENILE PROBATION 49 Law and Human Behavior 298 (June, 2025) Objective: Beyond traditional in-person meetings, contemporary juvenile probation officers (JPOs) leverage modern technology to interact with youth via videoconferencing, phone calls, and text messaging. It is plausible that youth feel more--or less--supported by JPOs depending on the format of their interactions. Simultaneously, the procedural... 2025  
Paul H Robinson , Jeffrey Seaman DON'T BLACK LIVES MATTER? CONFRONTING THE PROBLEM OF DISPROPORTIONATE BLACK VICTIMIZATION 53 Fordham Urban Law Journal 449 (December, 2025) Introduction. 450 I. The Disproportionate Criminal Victimization of Black Americans. 452 A. The Facts. 452 1. Does NCVS Data Downplay Black Victimization?. 454 2. The Undeniable Reality: A Racial Disparity in Safety and Justice. 456 B. Ignoring the Facts. 457 II. Criminal Justice Policies Allowing or Increasing the Disproportionate Victimization of... 2025  
Caitlin Millat EDUCATION AS A DEMOCRATIC PRISM: WARNINGS AND WISDOM FROM AMERICA'S SCHOOLS 73 Cleveland State Law Review 353 (2025) Seventy years after the passage of Brown v. Board of Education, many believe that we remain far from achieving Brown's lofty promises of educational equity. In an increasingly polarized political environment rife with disinformation and discontent, we seem particularly far from Brown's belief that public education should work to shore up democratic... 2025  
Dipika Jain, Natasha Aggarwal, Kanmani Ray, Surbhi Karwa, Disha Chaudhari, Rishav Devrani EDUCATION EQUITY FOR TRANSGENDER AND GENDER-DIVERSE PERSONS IN INDIA: INSIGHTS INTO IMPLEMENTATION HURDLES 32 Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 1 (2025) Education is a fundamental right under Article 21A of the Constitution of India, which mandates free and compulsory education for children up to 14 years of age. Additional educational rights are enumerated in the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (hereinafter the Transgender Persons Act or the Act). This anti-discrimination... 2025  
Nicholas O. Stephanopoulos , Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA, United States ELECTION LAW FOR THE NEW ELECTORATE 17 Journal of Legal Analysis 42 (2025) The American electorate is transforming--undergoing its most sweeping changes in half a century. These shifts include the disappearance of income as a partisan cleavage, the emergence of education as a new partisan axis, a decline in racially polarized voting, and a more neutral political geography. This Article is the first to explore the... 2025  
Deepak Premkumar , Magnus Lofstrom , Joseph Hayes , Brandon Martin , Sean Cremin EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF RACIAL DISPARITIES IN POLICING 65 Santa Clara Law Review 267 (2024-2025) Racial disparities within the criminal justice system continue to be a pressing issue, especially after the recent passage of California's Racial Justice Act, which allows for a broader set of legal challenges based on racially disparate treatment. In this article, we analyze data for almost four million stops by California's fifteen largest law... 2025  
Chris Cox EMPIRICALLY TESTING THE "UNBIASED FACTFINDER[S]" 49 Southern Illinois University Law Journal 237 (Winter, 2025) In the bustling confines of her workplace, Maria sought guidance from Shaun, a seasoned colleague she admired. Little did she know that her quest for mentorship would lead her down a path of darkness and despair. What began as a plea for assistance soon descended into a nightmare of unspeakable horror. In a cruel twist of fate, Shaun's response to... 2025  
Alberto R. Salazar V. ENVISIONING A DUTY OF DIRECTORS TO LINK EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: LESSONS FROM EUROPE 49 William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review 577 (Spring, 2025) The practice of tying executive compensation to climate change goals has gained some traction. However, designing a duty of directors to link executive pay to climate change objectives poses significant challenges. Some lessons can be drawn from countries attempting to establish such a duty. This Article examines Europe's Corporate Sustainability... 2025  
Yvette Butler EPISTEMIC APPROPRIATION, CRITICAL DEFANGING, AND LESSONS FOR A RESPONSIVE NEW RECONSTRUCTION 105 Boston University Law Review 1239 (May, 2025) C1-2Contents Introduction. 1240 A. What Fantasy Action RPGs Can Teach Us About Liberation, Epistemology, and Law. 1241 B. Wisdom, Purpose, and Liberation Guide Justice. 1244 I. The Cycle of Epistemic Oppression Undermines Cocreating Liberatory Futures. 1246 A. Epistemic Appropriation: Hair Braiders and Admissions. 1249 B. Applying the Concept of... 2025  
John B. Meixner Jr. EQUALITY IN SENTENCING MITIGATION 94 Fordham Law Review 891 (December, 2025) As guilty-plea rates have skyrocketed, sentencing has become an increasingly important part of criminal procedure. With judges often wielding significant discretion at sentencing, a key question is how judges interpret mitigation: evidence about the defendant's background or the case that supports a reduced sentence. Past empirical research--both... 2025  
Dewey G. Cornell , Jennifer Maeng , Sonja D. Winter , Francis Huang , Timothy R. Konold , Jordan Kerere , Kelvin Afolabi , Deanne Cowley EQUITY IN LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS FOLLOWING A SCHOOL THREAT ASSESSMENT 49 Law and Human Behavior 338 (August, 2025) Objective: Behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM) is a form of violence risk assessment that has been widely adopted in U.S. public schools. However, there are concerns that the involvement of law enforcement officers in schools on BTAM teams could lead to criminalization of student misbehavior and exacerbate disparities in arrests for... 2025  
Jaclyn E. Chambers , Jennifer L. Skeem , Luyi Jian , Karin D. Martin ESTIMATED EFFECT OF FEE REPEAL ON FAMILY FINANCIAL STRESS AND JUVENILE PROBATION OUTCOMES 31 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 31 (February, 2025) Juvenile justice agencies often impose fees on families to offset the cost of their child's legal representation, detention, and supervision. Increasingly, advocates are calling for fees to be repealed to mitigate the stress and harm of monetary sanctions. But little is known about the impact of fee repeal on (a) the financial burden that families... 2025  
Shastri Sandy , Joe Chance , Christine Polek , Daniel Wang EVALUATING DISCRIMINATION OF AI AND ALGORITHMIC LENDING DECISIONS WHEN RACE DATA ARE UNAVAILABLE 2025 University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology and 1 Policy(Spring, 2025) Algorithms, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI) models have become increasingly prevalent in lending practices and are recognized for their potential to reduce subjective bias and promote efficiency in credit risk assessment. However, they typically operate like black boxes and pose challenges for legal scrutiny and compliance. A key... 2025  
Cara McClellan EXISTING TOGETHER FROM THE BEGINNING: FREEDOM TO CONTRACT AND BLACK MUTUAL AID 120 Northwestern University Law Review 97 (2025) Abstract--In a new wave of litigation, conservative legal organizations are attempting to rely on Reconstruction-era civil rights legislation to prevent nonprofits, charities, foundations, and other privately organized groups from engaging in race-conscious work. Unlike the Supreme Court's recent rollback of affirmative action, which dealt with... 2025  
Deborah N. Archer , Daniel S. Harawa FALSE CRIMINALIZATION AND THE EROSION OF COMMUNITY EQUITY 103 North Carolina Law Review 1347 (June, 2025) The ever-expanding yet increasingly amorphous nature of criminal records is a driver of inequity in America. Criminal records are a significant barrier to community participation. They impact whether you can vote or serve on a jury, where you can live, and if you can work. And as criminal records become more easily accessible (yet less readily... 2025  
Trevor H. Fry FOR EVERTHING ELSE, THERE'S TAXES: WHY CREDIT CARD REWARDS SHOULD STOP BEING PRICELESS 66 Boston College Law Review 121 (January, 2025) Abstract: The simple swipe or tap of a credit card creates ripple effects that impact people and parties at every stage of the economic food chain. Throughout the last century, the credit card industry has been allowed to grow with practically no hindrance or foresight of its repercussions. Furthermore, the sector has been a well-documented engine... 2025  
Ifetayo Harvey FRAGILE GAINS, PERSISTENT SETBACKS: THE MUDDLED ARC OF AMERICAN DRUG-LAW REFORM 134 Yale Law Journal Forum 932 (2024-2025) March 28, 2025 This Collection, which analyzes the legal, social, and political dimensions of drug decriminalization in the context of current debates, comes at a pivotal moment for advocates of drug-policy reform. Two narratives of drug-policy reform have emerged in recent decades. One is a story of swift but fragile gains. Since 2012, twenty-four... 2025  
Joseph Kim FROM FREEDOM SCHOOLS TO FREEDOM: A NEW VISION OF DESEGREGATION 37 Journal of Civil Rights & Economic Development 181 (Summer, 2025) In 2021 in Traverse City, Michigan, 16-year-old Nevaeh Wharton and other Black students at her high school discovered that a group of her peers in high school had held a mock slave auction trading her and other Black students for money. Those same students simultaneously shared violently racist and anti-Black messages demonstrating a casual,... 2025  
Rachel F. Moran FROM RACE-CONSCIOUS TO RACE-NEUTRAL: THE NEXT GENERATION OF LITIGATION OVER SELECTIVE ADMISSIONS 64 Washburn Law Journal 163 (Winter, 2025) On this occasion, commemorating the seventieth anniversary of the United States Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, it is worth remembering that the Justices laid the foundation for that landmark decision in cases challenging de jure segregation in institutions of higher education. Decisions by the Supreme Court from the... 2025  
Robert G. Schwemm GILEAD: MUNICIPAL LIABILITY FOR PUNITIVE DAMAGES UNDER THE FAIR HOUSING ACT 57 Connecticut Law Review 1053 (May, 2025) The 1968 Fair Housing Act (FHA) has always been understood to apply to local governments, which have proved to be among the most frequent and significant violators of this law, especially in their opposition to housing of particular value to racial minorities and persons with disabilities. Yet not until the Second Circuit's decision last year in... 2025  
  GRAND JURY 54 Georgetown Law Journal Annual Review of Criminal Procedure 283 (2025) Grand Jury Procedures. The Fifth Amendment provides that [n]o person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury .. The grand jury determin[es] if there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed and protect[s] citizens against unfounded criminal... 2025  
Rita E. Kuckertz HIDDEN BARRIERS TO ENTRY: LANGUAGE INJUSTICE, NOTICE, AND THE IN ABSENTIA REMOVAL OF FAMILIES ON LA'S DEDICATED DOCKET 28 Harvard Latin American Law Review 193 (Spring, 2025) The Dedicated Docket is among the latest in a series of fast-tracked immigration adjudication systems. Enacted by President Biden in 2021, it was designed to process families' immigration cases within 300 days. Since its inception, advocates have repudiated the docket, reporting grave due process and transparency concerns. This Article supplements... 2025  
Catherine Powell HOW AI REINFORCES CASTE: CREATING AND AMPLIFYING SYSTEMIC INEQUALITY 85 Maryland Law Review 243 (2025) In arguing that artificial intelligence (AI) creates, reinscribes, and amplifies caste, this Article asserts that algorithmic discrimination is not just a bug, it is an essential feature of the system that powers the digital economy. Because this economy traffics in our information and is monetized through targeted advertising, it depends on... 2025  
April Shaw HOW STUDENTS FOR FAIR ADMISSIONS v. HARVARD COLLEGE FUELS STRUCTURAL RACISM AND UNDERCUTS EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE RACIAL HEALTH EQUITY 17 Northeastern University Law Review 75 (May, 2025) C1-2Table of Contents Abstract 79 Introduction 81 I. A Brief Overview of the Supreme Court's Affirmative Action Jurisprudence Prior to SFFA 88 II. SSFA: A Radical Departure from Precedent 94 A. Compelling Interest 94 B. The Zero-Sum Model 97 C. Denial of Structural Racism and its Impacts 100 III. SSFA's Health Impacts on Communities of Color 106 A.... 2025  
John Aloysius Cogan Jr. IMMORAL HAZARDS 55 Seton Hall Law Review 997 (2025) It is time we view high deductible health plans (HDHPs) as immoral hazards. While these policies can generate a pocketbook benefit for many Americans, they also impose substantial and morally reprehensible societal costs. Prior scholarship on HDHPs has focused mainly on the economic principle of moral hazard--the idea that large deductibles prevent... 2025  
Danielle Kie Hart IN THIS MOMENT 53 Southwestern Law Review 446 (2025) It is 2024, and the wealth gap in the United States of America is increasing. Women's reproductive rights and the LGBTQIA+ community are under attack. Affirmative action in higher education is no more. And books are being banned all across the country. It is very easy to be overwhelmed and consumed by all the problems that are confronting us and to... 2025  
Deja R. Graham, Esquire INEQUITY: HURDLES FOR THE MARGINALIZED 19 Southern Journal of Policy and Justice 172 (May, 2025) Black Americans are left to begin the race of life behind the starting line based on a factor outside of their control, race. Black children in the United States are taught that in order to obtain the same success as their white classmates they must be twice as smart, twice as productive, and resemble perfection. These unattainable standards for... 2025  
Danieli Evans INSTITUTIONALIZED OSTRACISM 29 Michigan Journal of Race and Law 155 (Winter, 2025) Belonging is a fundamental need, like food or water. Hundreds of social psychology studies find that people who are ostracized (excluded, rejected, or ignored) experience severe pain and suffering. Ostracism threatens basic needs, triggers the same neurocognitive processing system as physical pain, and impairs functioning. Furthermore, ostracized... 2025  
Xueying (Cathy) Zeng INVISIBLE LABOR, INVISIBLE RIGHTS: AN INTERSECTIONAL ANALYSIS ON THE UNITED STATES' AU PAIR PROGRAM 45 Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 340 (2025) Immigrant women of color have long formed the backbone of the American domestic workforce, and in the past few decades, they have been increasingly stepping in to fill the country's deepening childcare crisis. While scholars have examined the racialized, gendered, and classed dimensions of domestic labor and the transnational global nanny chain,... 2025  
Jeff Sovern IS DISCRIMINATION UNFAIR? 41 Georgia State University Law Review 631 (Spring, 2025) Though multiple federal laws explicitly bar discrimination in consumer transactions, many consumer transactions fall in the gaps between those laws. But recently, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) have attempted to plug those gaps on the theory that discrimination is unfair within the meaning of... 2025  
Anita L. Allen , Christopher Muhawe IS PRIVACY REALLY A CIVIL RIGHT? 40 Berkeley Technology Law Journal 1 (2025) Sixty years ago, President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Civil rights laws aimed at curbing discrimination and inequality in federal programs, public accommodations, housing, employment, education, voting and lending faced opposition before the Act and continue to do so today. Nevertheless, a swell of legal scholars, policy... 2025  
Katie Metzger IS STRICT SCRUTINY TOO STRICT? REMEDIATING RACIAL DISPARITIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD EXPOSURE 93 George Washington Law Review 189 (February, 2025) As environmental justice issues garner national attention, legislatures have considered ways to address unequal exposure to environmental hazards. Some have passed laws that prioritize brownfield remediation grants to minority communities with the goal of getting grant money to communities that need it most. These laws are subject to strict... 2025  
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