| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | key Terms in Title or Summary |
| Donald A. Dripps |
Race and Crime Sixty Years after Brown V. Board of Education |
52 San Diego Law Review 899 (November 1, 2015) |
I. Disparate Rates of Offending. 902 II. Proactive vs. Reactive Policing. 904 III. New Directions. 908 IV. Conclusion. 911 Sixty years after the Supreme Court declared that the doctrine of separate but equal has no place in American public life, 549,100 African-Americans are serving time in state or federal penitentiaries. They comprise 36% of... |
2015 |
|
| Graham Cronogue |
Race and the Fourth Amendment: Why the Reasonable Person Analysis Should Include Race as a Factor |
20 Texas Journal on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights 55 (Fall-Spring, 2014-2015) |
I. Introduction to the Problem. 56 II. State of the Law on the Reasonable Person and Seizures. 59 III. Police and Race Relations. 61 A. Race Affects How Individuals Are Viewed and Treated by Law Enforcement. 62 B. Race Affects How Individuals View Law Enforcement. 64 IV. Social Science Data on How This Legacy Affects Seizures. 66 A. Analysis of the... |
2015 |
|
| Cassia Spohn |
Race, Crime, and Punishment in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries |
44 Crime and Justice 49 (2015) |
Flagrant and widespread racism that characterized the criminal justice system during the early part of the twentieth century has largely been eliminated, but racial disparities persist. Whether because of overt racism, implicit bias, or laws and practices that have racially disparate effects, black (and Hispanic) men and women make up a... |
2015 |
|
| Matthew R. Segal , Carol Rose |
Race, Technology, and Policing |
59-SUM Boston Bar Journal 27 (Summer, 2015) |
Police departments in Massachusetts and around the nation face heightened scrutiny about racial bias in their stop-and-frisk and use-of-force procedures. Years of abusive practices, combined with videos of police killing unarmed Black men, have sparked protests and eroded trust between communities and the police. These protests, in turn, have... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Robert J. Smith |
Reducing Racially Disparate Policing Outcomes: Is Implicit Bias Training the Answer? |
37 University of Hawaii Law Review 295 (Spring, 2015) |
While public defenders, civil rights organizations, and academics have long championed the reduction of racially disparate policing outcomes, their chorus has added some transformational actors recently. Attorney General Eric Holder, for instance, has called for rigorous new standards to help end racial profiling. The police chief of Richmond,... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Amanda Merkwae |
Schooling the Police: Race, Disability, and the Conduct of School Resource Officers |
21 Michigan Journal of Race and Law 147 (Fall, 2015) |
INTRODUCTION. 147 I. Race, Disability, and the School to Prison Pipeline. 151 A. The Overrepresentation of Youth of Color and Youth with Disabilities in the Juvenile Justice System. 151 B. The Criminalization of Students of Color and Students with Disabilities. 153 II. School Resource Officers. 157 A. The Influx of Police in Schools. 158 B.... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Laura Rose Matteis |
Stay Away from the Neck: Why Police Chokeholds and Other Neck Restraints Violate International Human Rights |
38 Thomas Jefferson Law Review 101 (Fall, 2015) |
On July 17, 2014, 43-year-old Eric Garner was killed in Staten Island, New York, after a New York City police officer restrained him. Leading up to this tragedy, Garner was standing on a sidewalk when officers accused him of selling loose cigarettes, which he denied. One officer reached forward to grab Garner's hands and Garner threw them in the... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Cynthia J. Najdowski , Bette L. Bottoms , Phillip Atiba Goff , University at Albany, State University of New York, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of California, Los Angeles |
Stereotype Threat and Racial Differences in Citizens' Experiences of Police Encounters |
39 Law and Human Behavior 463 (October, 2015) |
We conducted 2 studies to investigate how cultural stereotypes that depict Blacks as criminals affect the way Blacks experience encounters with police officers, expecting that such encounters induce Blacks to feel stereotype threat (i.e., concern about being judged and treated unfairly by police because of the stereotype). In Study 1, we asked... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Stephen Rushin |
Structural Reform Litigation in American Police Departments |
99 Minnesota Law Review 1343 (April, 2015) |
Introduction. 1344 I. Emergence of Structural Reform Litigation in Police Departments. 1351 A. Historical Attempts To Regulate Police Misconduct. 1353 B. Rodney King and the Need for an Equitable Remedy. 1356 C. Previous Research. 1358 II. Methodology. 1364 III. The Structural Reform Litigation Process in Police Departments. 1366 A. Case Selection,... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Clay Calvert |
The First Amendment Right to Record Images of Police in Public Places: the Unreasonable Slipperiness of Reasonableness & Possible Paths Forward |
3 Texas A&M Law Review 131 (Fall, 2015) |
Analyzing federal cases through May 2015, this Article examines the current, contested terrain of the emerging, yet qualified, First Amendment right to record police performing duties in public venues. The Article argues that multiple First Amendment interests, ranging from the watchdog role of the press to discovery of truth under the marketplace... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Elizabeth N. Jones |
The Good and (Breaking) Bad of Deceptive Police Practices |
45 New Mexico Law Review 523 (Spring, 2015) |
Strategic police deception is common in criminal investigations, encouraged by law enforcement and routinely permitted by courts. But while various tactics and ruses may technically comport with existing criminal law jurisprudence, they raise deep social and ethical problems that provoke concern about the acceptable role of police behavior within; Search Snippet: ...2015 Professional Article THE GOOD AND (BREAKING) BAD OF DECEPTIVE POLICE PRACTICES Elizabeth N. Jones [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2015 New Mexico... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Karena Rahall |
The Green to Blue Pipeline: Defense Contractors and the Police Industrial Complex |
36 Cardozo Law Review 1785 (June, 2015) |
Images of police in tactical gear, pointing automatic weapons at unarmed demonstrators in Ferguson, Missouri, represented a flashpoint in public awareness that American police are rapidly militarizing. Federal grants have been quietly arming police with tanks, drones, and uniforms more suited to waging war than patrolling the streets. As police; Search Snippet: ...Article THE GREEN TO BLUE PIPELINE: DEFENSE CONTRACTORS AND THE POLICE INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX Karena Rahall [FNd1] Copyright (c) 2015 Yeshiva University... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Richard H. McAdams , Dhammika Dharmapala , Nuno Garoupa |
The Law of Police |
82 University of Chicago Law Review 135 (Winter, 2015) |
Some Fourth Amendment doctrines distinguish between searches executed by police and others, being more demanding of the former. We explore these distinctions by offering a simple theory for how police are different, focusing on self-selection. Those most attracted to the job of policing include those who feel the most intrinsic satisfaction from; Search Snippet: ...2015 Symposium: Criminal Procedure in the Spotlight THE LAW OF POLICE Richard H. McAdams [FNd1] Dhammika Dharmapala [FNdd1] Nuno Garoupa [FNddd1... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Marielle A. Moore |
The next Stage of Police Accountability: Launching a Police Body-worn Camera Program in Washington, D.c. |
14 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 145 (Summer, 2015) |
We are not just out here because we want police reform. We are not just out here because we want police to wear cameras, and though we think that will help, we are not out here just because we think the police department is the problem. We're out here because there is a systematic and consistent effort to dehumanize and criminalize people of color... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Betsy Graef, Consultant to the Seattle Community Police Commission |
The Seattle Community Police Commission: Lessons Learned and Considerations for Effective Community Involvement |
14 Seattle Journal for Social Justice Just. 1 (Summer, 2015) |
The 2010 lethal shooting of John T. Williams, a First Nations woodcarver, by a Seattle police officer, and a series of other serious incidents involving police and people of color, reignited longstanding public concerns about bias and the use of excessive force in the Seattle Police Department (SPD). The American Civil Liberties Union of... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Betsy Graef, Consultant to the Seattle Community Police Commission |
The Seattle Community Police Commission: Lessons Learned and Considerations for Effective Community Involvement |
14 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 1 (Summer, 2015) |
The 2010 lethal shooting of John T. Williams, a First Nations woodcarver, by a Seattle police officer, and a series of other serious incidents involving police and people of color, reignited longstanding public concerns about bias and the use of excessive force in the Seattle Police Department (SPD). The American Civil Liberties Union of; Search Snippet: ...Summer, 2015 Seattle Journal for Social Justice THE SEATTLE COMMUNITY POLICE COMMISSION: LESSONS LEARNED AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Betsy... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Brian Liebman |
The Watchman Blinded: Does the North Carolina Public Records Law Frustrate the Purpose of Police Body Cameras? |
94 North Carolina Law Review 344 (December, 2015) |
A man lies dead in the middle of the street, shot by a police officer. Before the body is even taken away, two distinct accounts of the shooting emerge. The officer claims that the shooting was legitimate, done in self-defense after the man reached for the officer's gun, started to run away, and then turned and charged the officer through a hail of... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Hugh M. Mundy |
Thinking Globally, Policing Locally: a Model for Decentralized Law Enforcement in Côte D'ivoire |
15 Journal of International Business and Law 15 (Winter 2015) |
During a 2009 speech in Ghana, President Barack Obama said, Africa doesn't need strongmen. It needs strong institutions. Obama credited Ghana's impressive rates of growth to the country's repeated peaceful transfers of power even in the wake of closely contested elections. Free elections and non-violent power transfers, he said, may lack the; Search Snippet: ...Winter 2015 December 2015 Legal and Business Article THINKING GLOBALLY, POLICING LOCALLY: A MODEL FOR DECENTRALIZED LAW ENFORCEMENT IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Carol M. Bast |
Tipping the Scales in Favor of Civilian Taping of Encounters with Police Officers |
5 University of Denver Criminal Law Review 61 (Summer, 2015) |
The original purposes of eavesdropping statutes were to protect the citizen against government intrusion into the citizen's privacy and to authorize law enforcement interception to fight organized crime. Yet, in certain instances, the statutes have been used offensively by the government to avoid citizen oversight of policing and even to intimidate; Search Snippet: ...THE SCALES IN FAVOR OF CIVILIAN TAPING OF ENCOUNTERS WITH POLICE OFFICERS Carol M. Bast [FNa1] Copyright © 2015 by the University... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Geoffrey Wills |
To Protect and Serve, but Not Drive: Police Use of Autonomous Vehicles |
31 Syracuse Journal of Science & Technology Law 158 (Spring, 2015) |
This paper will discuss the rapidly developing technology of autonomous vehicles and the legal ramifications of police departments across the country using them. This note will discuss that when autonomous vehicles become commercially viable and available, law enforcement could use these autonomous vehicles, allowing their officers to use their... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Franklin E. Zimring , Brittany Arsiniega |
Trends in Killings of and by Police: a Preliminary Analysis |
13 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 247 (Fall, 2015) |
This comment reports a preliminary examination of variations over time in reported killings of and by the police. Most of the data we examine was collected from police departments by the Uniform Crime Reporting Program as part of a statistical compilation of lethal violence that has reported yearly since 1976. The data on killings of police; Search Snippet: ...Law Fall, 2015 Commentarie TRENDS IN KILLINGS OF AND BY POLICE: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS [FNa1] Franklin E. Zimring [FNaa1] Brittany Arsiniega... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Mary D. Fan |
Violence and Police Diversity: a Call for Research |
2015 Brigham Young University Law Review 875 (2015) |
Deaths and protests in places where predominantly-white police forces patrol majority-black communities have focused the national spotlight on concerns over unrepresentative police forces. Responding to the controversy, mayors and police chiefs in cities across the nation are announcing goals to hire more minority officers. But does police... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Nicole Smith Futrell |
Vulnerable, Not Voiceless: Outsider Narrative in Advocacy Against Discriminatory Policing |
93 North Carolina Law Review 1597 (June, 2015) |
L1-2Introduction . L31598 I. The Promise of Outsider Narrative in Combating Marginalization. 1605 A. Narratives Reveal and Counter Assumptions. 1607 B. Narratives Enrich and Connect Advocacy Efforts. 1609 1. Outsider Narratives in Legal Advocacy. 1610 2. Connections Between Legal and Nonlegal Advocacy. 1613 II. Using Outsider Narratives: The... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Kelly Freund |
When Cameras Are Rolling: Privacy Implications of Body-mounted Cameras on Police |
49 Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 91 (Fall, 2015) |
This Note analyzes the potential privacy implications of the use of body-mounted cameras by police. Specifically, this Note considers how policy concerns and legal limitations should shape when and where cameras may record and what may be done with the footage once it has been collected. Currently, there are few clearly established legal limits on... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Georgina C. Yeomans |
When Cops Are Robbers: Reconciling the Whren Doctrine and 18 U.s.c. § 242 |
115 Columbia Law Review 701 (April, 2015) |
In 1996, the Supreme Court handed down Whren v. United States, which prohibits inquiry into police officers' subjective motivations in conducting a search or seizure when there is reasonable suspicion or probable cause on which to base the search. The Whren doctrine has largely restricted the availability of the exclusionary rule and 42 U.S.C. §; Search Snippet: ...COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW Columbia Law Review April, 2015 Note WHEN COPS ARE ROBBERS: RECONCILING THE WHREN DOCTRINE AND 18 U.S.C. §... |
2015 |
|
| Stephanie Groff |
Where to Draw the Line: the Egregiousness Standard in the Application of the Fourth Amendment in Immigration Proceedings and the Racial Profiling Exception |
26 George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal 87 (Fall 2015) |
In the early morning of September 19, 2006, a large group of men gathered in Kennedy Park, Danbury, Connecticut, seeking work as day laborers. Unbeknownst to these individuals, the Danbury Police Department (DPD) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents began arriving at the park with the intention of carrying out a sting operation. The... |
2015 |
|
| Erin M. Kerrison, Ph.D. |
White Claims to Illness and the Race-based Medicalization of Addiction for Drug-involved Former Prisoners |
31 Harvard Journal on Racial & Ethnic Justice 105 (Spring 2015) |
Critical Race Theory scholars have long argued that the War on Drugs is a war waged against low-income, black urban citizens. However, as the spotlight has shifted somewhat from policing street drug use and trafficking among poor, inner-city blacks, to concerns about the chronic pharmaceutical substance abuse of middle- and upper-class white... |
2015 |
|
| Larry Redmond |
Why We Need Community Control of the Police |
21 Public Interest Law Reporter 226 (Symposium, 2015) |
Police in the United States of America in the twenty-first century are out of control. The news of a police officer killing a Black man is so common today, it is causing many of us to become more and more enraged. We all know the names Walter Scott, Eric Garner, Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Rekia Boyd and Laquan McDonald. These names have been... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Angela Irvine, Ph.D. |
You Can't Run from the Police!: Developing a Feminist Criminology That Incorporates Black Transgender Women |
44 Southwestern Law Review 553 (2015) |
BreakOUT! Members and Staff BreakOUT! is a community-based organization in New Orleans that fights the criminalization of queer and transgender youth of color. Here is an excerpt from their report, We Deserve Better: Lee-Lee is a young Black transgender woman who moved here for college and is a Sophomore at a local university. She is also a; Search Snippet: ...Professor Myrna S. Raeder Article YOU CAN'T RUN FROM THE POLICE!: DEVELOPING A FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY THAT INCORPORATES BLACK TRANSGENDER WOMEN Angela... |
2015 |
Yes |
| Martina Kitzmueller |
Are You Recording This?: Enforcement of Police Videotaping |
47 Connecticut Law Review 167 (November, 2014) |
Increasing numbers of police departments equip officers with dashboard or body cameras. Advances in technology have made it easy for police to create and preserve videos of their citizen encounters. Videos can be important pieces of evidence; they may also serve to document police misconduct or protect officers from false allegations. Yet too... |
2014 |
Yes |
| John Tyler Clemons |
Blind Injustice: the Supreme Court, Implicit Racial Bias, and the Racial Disparity in the Criminal Justice System |
51 American Criminal Law Review 689 (Summer, 2014) |
The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race. This statement by Chief Justice John Roberts in 2007 is alluring in both its grammatical symmetry and its logical simplicity. Yet it encapsulates the naiveté of the view of racial discrimination currently held by the majority of the justices of the... |
2014 |
|
| Andrew Ingram |
Breaking Laws to Fix Broken Windows: a Revisionist Take on Order Maintenance Policing |
19 Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law 112 (Fall 2014) |
Today, there is a family of celebrated police strategies that teach the importance of cracking down on petty crime and urban nuisance as the key to effective crime control. Under the broken windows appellation, this strategy is linked in the public mind with New York City and the alleged successes of its police department in reducing the rate of... |
2014 |
Yes |
| William A. Margeson |
Bringing the Gavel down on Stops and Frisks: the Equitable Regulation of Police Power |
51 American Criminal Law Review 739 (Summer, 2014) |
There are times when the old bunk about an independent and fearless judiciary means a good deal. --Judge Learned Hand On August 12, 2013, Judge Shira Scheindlin of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York handed down a pair of rulings holding New York City liable for violating the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment rights... |
2014 |
Yes |
| Kimberly McCullough |
Changing the Culture of Unconstitutional Interference: a Proposal for Nationwide Implementation of a Model Policy and Training Procedures Protecting the Right to Photograph and Record On-duty Police |
18 Lewis & Clark Law Review 543 (2014) |
In a world filled with cell phones and digital recording devices, documenting the activities of on-duty police has become increasingly common. Videos and photographs of police interactions have great value. They increase officer and public safety, provide evidence in judicial proceedings, expose police misconduct, and often provide a solid and... |
2014 |
Yes |
| Evan M. McGuire |
Consensual Police-citizen Encounters: Human Factors of a Reasonable Person and Individual Bias |
16 Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice 693 (2014) |
I. Introduction. 694 II. The Fourth Amendment: Levels of Police-Citizen Interactions. 696 A. Traditional Arrest. 696 B. Exigent Circumstances. 699 C. Terry stops and the Creation of the Police-Citizen Encounter. 700 III. Foundations of the Consensual Police-Citizen Encounter. 705 A. Conceptual Discrepancies. 706 IV. Societal and Cultural Biases... |
2014 |
Yes |
| Darren Lenard Hutchinson |
Continually Reminded of Their Inferior Position: Social Dominance, Implicit Bias, Criminality, and Race |
46 Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 23 (2014) |
The intersection of race and criminal law and enforcement has recently received considerable attention in US media, academic, and public policy discussions. Media outlets, for example, have extensively covered a series of incidents involving the killing of unarmed black males by law enforcement and private citizens. These cases include the killing... |
2014 |
|
| I. Bennett Capers |
Critical Race Theory and Criminal Justice |
12 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law L. 1 (Fall, 2014) |
When the Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law invited me to guest edit a symposium issue, the answer was an easy one. For so many of us, this journal feels like home. Choosing a topic was an easy call as well. As it happened, I had recently been asked to write an encyclopedia entry on Critical Race Theory [[CRT] and criminal justice for the Oxford... |
2014 |
|
| Bryce Clayton Newell |
Crossing Lenses: Policing's New Visibility and the Role of "Smartphone Journalism" as a Form of Freedom-preserving Reciprocal Surveillance |
2014 University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology and Policy 59 (Spring, 2014) |
Citizens recording police, a form of action that has been termed sousveillance (surveillance from underneath) or the participatory panopticon, has become increasingly common in recent years. Citizen media can have a substantial impact on policing and police image management--and thus affect public perceptions of police legitimacy. On the other; Search Snippet: ...of Law, Technology and Policy Spring, 2014 Article CROSSING LENSES: POLICING'S NEW VISIBILITY AND THE ROLE OF SMARTPHONE JOURNALISM AS A... |
2014 |
Yes |
| John MacDonald, Jeremy Arkes, Nancy Nicosia, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula |
Decomposing Racial Disparities in Prison and Drug Treatment Commitments for Criminal Offenders in California |
43 Journal of Legal Studies 155 (January, 2014) |
We assess whether black-white disparities in commitments to prison or diversions to treatment for drug offenders in California can be explained by differences in the characteristics of criminal cases and whether case characteristics are weighed differently by race. We also examine whether the influence of case characteristics changed after... |
2014 |
|
| Nejat Anbarci , Jungmin Lee |
Detecting Racial Bias in Speed Discounting: Evidence from Speeding Tickets in Boston |
38 International Review of Law & Economics 11 (June, 2014) |
Article history: Received 17 September 2013 Received in revised form 28 January 2014 Accepted 3 February 2014 Available online 12 February 2014 JEL classification: J70 K42 Keywords: Police discretion Racial bias Speeding tickets Speed discounting We focus on a particular kind of discretionary behavior on the part of traffic officers when issuing... |
2014 |
|
| Zane A. Umsted |
Deterring Racial Bias in Criminal Justice Through Sentencing |
100 Iowa Law Review 431 (November, 2014) |
In 2013, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) published a report revealing stark racial disparities in the national enforcement of marijuana laws. The report suggested that police officers often use their law enforcement discretion to selectively patrol predominantly African American communities. This Note examines this and other... |
2014 |
|
| Daniela Giordano |
Disparity in Police Procedures for Non-english Speaking Dwi Suspects: Constitutional Protections for Non-english Speaking Criminal Defendants Falling Second to Governmental Interests Supreme Court of New York New York County People V. Salazar (Decided Oct |
30 Touro Law Review 1243 (2014) |
In People v. Salazar, the court found that the New York City Police Department's (NYPD) driving while intoxicated (DWI) procedures did not violate the defendant's state or federal constitutional right to due process or equal protection. The NYPD administered a breathalyzer test to the non-English speaking defendant but did not administer a; Search Snippet: ...Law Review 2014 Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Right DISPARITY IN POLICE PROCEDURES FOR NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING DWI SUSPECTS: CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTIONS FOR... |
2014 |
Yes |
| Andrew B. Talai |
Drones and Jones: the Fourth Amendment and Police Discretion in the Digital Age |
102 California Law Review 729 (June, 2014) |
Law enforcement agencies have begun deploying drones for routine domestic surveillance operations, unrestrained by constitutional scrutiny. Indeed, Congress has mandated a comprehensive integration of unmanned aerial systems into the national airspace no later than September 30, 2015. But does the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution... |
2014 |
Yes |
| Becky Fish |
Establishing Legitimacy Through Inclusive Re-formation: the Necessary Process for Re-forming the Seattle Police Department |
13 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 189 (Summer, 2014) |
People across Seattle expressed outrage a young White Seattle Police Officer, Ian Birk, shot and killed an elderly Native American woodcarver, John T. Williams, on August 30, 2010. Mr. Williams was partially deaf and had been standing alone on a street corner holding a piece of wood and a small carving knife. Almost six months later, King County... |
2014 |
Yes |
| David Simson |
Exclusion, Punishment, Racism and Our Schools: a Critical Race Theory Perspective on School Discipline |
61 UCLA Law Review 506 (January, 2014) |
Punitive school discipline procedures have increasingly taken hold in America's schools. While they are detrimental to the wellbeing and to the academic success of all students, they have proven to disproportionately punish minority students, especially African American youth. Such policies feed into wider social issues that, once more,... |
2014 |
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| Stephen Rushin |
Federal Enforcement of Police Reform |
82 Fordham Law Review 3189 (May, 2014) |
Congress passed 42 U.S.C. § 14141 in an effort to combat police misconduct and incentivize proactive reform in local law enforcement agencies. The statute gives the U.S. Attorney General the power to initiate structural reform litigation against local police departments engaged in a pattern or practice of unconstitutional behavior. While academics... |
2014 |
Yes |
| Natashia Tidwell |
Fragmenting the Community: Immigration Enforcement and the Unintended Consequences of Local Police Non-cooperation Policies |
88 Saint John's Law Review 105 (Spring 2014) |
The police seek and preserve public favor, not by catering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law, in complete independence of policy, and without regard to the justice or injustice of the substance of individual laws. -- Sir Robert Peel, the architect of modern policing Sir Robert Peel's idyllic... |
2014 |
Yes |
| Josephine Unger |
Frisky Business: Adapting New York City Policing Practices to Ameliorate Crime in Modern Day Chicago |
47 Suffolk University Law Review 659 (2014) |
We have clearly shown that police can take back streets that were given up as lost for decades. The continuing challenge for American police leaders is to take them back in a lawful and respectful manner so that the behavior of the police reflects the civil behavior society expects of all of its citizens. New York City currently maintains one of... |
2014 |
Yes |
| Mae C. Quinn |
From Turkey Trot to Twitter: Policing Puberty, Purity, and Sex-positivity |
38 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 51 (2014) |
I. Introduction. 52 II. Prosecuting Female Puberty in Early Urban America. 55 A. White Girls and the Construction of Innocence and Purity. 56 B. City Living as Deviancy. 60 1. Worries About Shared Sites. 60 2. Our Daughters Publically Performing Pleasure and Play. 63 3. Prohibition of the Actualized Adolescent Self. 65 C. Failed Efforts to Arrest; Search Snippet: ...and Social Change 2014 Article FROM TURKEY TROT TO TWITTER: POLICING PUBERTY, PURITY, AND SEX-POSITIVITY Mae C. Quinn [FNd1] Copyright... |
2014 |
Yes |
| Kami Chavis Simmons |
Future of the Fourth Amendment: the Problem with Privacy, Poverty and Policing |
14 University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class 240 (Fall 2014) |
For decades, the reasonable expectation of privacy has been the primary standard by which courts have determined whether a search has occurred within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. The Supreme Court's recent decision in U.S. v. Jones, however, has reinvigorated the physical trespass doctrine's importance when determining whether there has... |
2014 |
Yes |