| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | key Terms in Title or Summary |
| Rhoda J. Yen |
Racial Stereotyping of Asians and Asian Americans and its Effect on Criminal Justice: a Reflection on the Wayne Lo Case |
7 Asian Law Journal L.J. 1 (December, 2000) |
On December 14, 1992, 19-year-old Wayne Lo stormed the campus of Simon's Rock College of Bard, an elite private institution for gifted students, and began a twenty-minute shooting spree that left two people dead and four wounded. In the past seven years, I have followed the news coverage of the Wayne Lo case with increasing interest, not only... |
2000 |
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| Ronald Weitzer |
Racialized Policing: Residents' Perceptions in Three Neighborhoods |
34 Law and Society Review 129 (2000) |
One of the most controversial issues in policing concerns allegations of racial bias. This article examines citizens' perceptions of racialized policing in three neighborhoods in Washington, D.C., that vary by racial composition and class position: a middle-class white community, a middle-class black community, and a lower-class black community.... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Jessica A. Rose |
Rebellious or Regnant: Police Brutality Lawyering in New York City |
28 Fordham Urban Law Journal 619 (December, 2000) |
C'mon it's no great news: Means do prefigure ends. What might a rebellious law office look like? Turn loose your imagination for just a moment. This Comment presents this challenge to lawyers confronting the problem of police brutality in New York City. This Comment suggests that in order to challenge police brutality on a systemic level, while... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Delores D. Jones-Brown |
Should Racial Profiling Be a Crime? |
203-JUN New Jersey Lawyer, the Magazine 51 (June, 2000) |
The use of racial/ethnic profiles by governmental agents is a violation of the 14th amendment to the United States Constitution and Article 1, paragraphs 1 and 5 of the current constitution for the state of New Jersey. Given this fact, the question Should racial profiling be a crime? is somewhat redundant, since such practices clearly deny... |
2000 |
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| Jeffrey Fagan and Garth Davies |
Street Stops and Broken Windows: Terry, Race, and Disorder in New York City |
28 Fordham Urban Law Journal 457 (December, 2000) |
Patterns of stop and frisk activity by police across New York City neighborhoods reflect competing theories of aggressive policing. Broken Windows theory suggest that neighborhoods with greater concentration of physical and social disorder should evidence higher stop and frisk activity, especially for quality of life crimes. However, although... |
2000 |
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| Kevin Brown |
The Constitutionality of Racial Classifications in Public School Admissions |
29 Hofstra Law Review Rev. 1 (Fall 2000) |
Driven by federal court decrees, political beliefs that an integrated society was a better one, and educational policy decisions fostering multiculturalism, many public elementary and secondary schools instituted voluntary measures to produce integrated student bodies. State or local school officials take account of race and ethnicity in order to... |
2000 |
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| Glenn H. Reynolds , David B. Kopel |
The Evolving Police Power: Some Observations for a New Century |
27 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 511 (Spring 2000) |
The conventional wisdom about the scope of state police powers goes like this: in the early days of the Republic, state regulation was limited by the common law principle of sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas (you should use what is yours so as not to harm what is others'), implying that legitimate regulation existed only to prevent concrete harm; Search Snippet: ...QUARTERLY Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly Spring 2000 Article THE EVOLVING POLICE POWER: SOME OBSERVATIONS FOR A NEW CENTURY Glenn H. Reynolds... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Jennifer E. Koepke |
The Failure to Breach the Blue Wall of Silence: the Circling of the Wagons to Protect Police Perjury |
39 Washburn Law Journal 211 (Winter 2000) |
I. Introduction. 211 II. Historical Background. 219 A. Police Brutality........ 219 B. Police Perjury. 221 III. Federal Statutes. 223 A. 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 224 B. 42 U.S.C. § 14141. 226 IV. Factors Affecting the Officer-Civilian Relationship. 228 A. Trust. 228 B. The Police Officer's Perspective. 232 V. Recommendations. 235 A. The Admissibility of... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Philip B. Heymann |
The New Policing |
28 Fordham Urban Law Journal 407 (December, 2000) |
The purpose of this article is to examine a remarkable development in law enforcement: the exploration of new forms of policing by combinations of police leaders and academics. This examination focuses on three major cities--New York, Chicago, and Boston--that have developed three different combinations of problem-solving and new forms of... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Stanley Z. Fisher |
The Prosecutor's Ethical Duty to Seek Exculpatory Evidence in Police Hands: Lessons from England |
68 Fordham Law Review 1379 (April, 2000) |
In Kyles v. Whitley, a divided Supreme Court reversed defendant's capital murder conviction because prosecutors, who had responded to a pretrial defense motion for disclosure by saying that there was no exculpatory evidence of any nature, had in fact failed to disclose numerous pieces of exculpatory evidence to the defense. The Court found that; Search Snippet: ...Article THE PROSECUTOR'S ETHICAL DUTY TO SEEK EXCULPATORY EVIDENCE IN POLICE HANDS: LESSONS FROM ENGLAND Stanley Z. Fisher [FNa1] Copyright ©... |
2000 |
Yes |
| MaryAnn Fenicato , For The Lawyers Journal |
Third Circuit Affirms Reverse Racial Discrimination |
2 No. 2 Lawyers Journal J. 1 (January 28, 2000) |
On October 14, 1999 the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed a jury verdict entered by District Judge Cohill which granted redress to nine white male police officers who suffered reverse racial discrimination pursuant to the prior Pittsburgh police hiring policies. Hopp v. City of Pgh., et al., Nos. 98-3411, 98-3427, 1999... |
2000 |
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| MaryAnn Fenicato , For The Lawyers Journal |
Third Circuit Affirms Reverse Racial Discrimination |
2 No. 2 Lawyers Journal 1 (January 28, 2000) |
On October 14, 1999 the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed a jury verdict entered by District Judge Cohill which granted redress to nine white male police officers who suffered reverse racial discrimination pursuant to the prior Pittsburgh police hiring policies. Hopp v. City of Pgh., et al., Nos. 98-3411, 98-3427, 1999; Search Snippet: ...28, 2000 THIRD CIRCUIT AFFIRMS REVERSE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION Prior Pittsburgh Police Hiring Policies Unfair MaryAnn Fenicato [FNa1] For The Lawyers Journal... |
2000 |
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| Susan T. Peterson |
Torts--official Immunity Survives for Iied Police Misconduct: but Should It? Kelly V. City of Minneapolis, 598 N.w.2d 657 (Minn. 1999) |
27 William Mitchell Law Review 1433 (2000) |
I. Introduction. 1433 II. History. 1434 A. Police Misconduct. 1434 B. Official Immunity. 1438 C. Intentional Infliction Of Emotional Distress (IIED). 1441 III. The Kelly Decision. 1443 A. The Facts. 1443 B. The Court's Analysis. 1445 IV. Analysis. 1446 A. The Majority Opinion. 1446 B. The Dissenting Opinion. 1449 V. Conclusion. 1454 |
2000 |
Yes |
| Jeffrey Ghannam |
Trafficking in Color |
86-MAY ABA Journal 18 (May, 2000) |
Some defendants claim state troopers stopped them on the New Jersey Turnpike because they are African-American. Others say they were pulled over for being Hispanic. It is a familiar refrain that is striking an unusual legal chord in New Jersey following an admission last year by the state attorney general that state police sometimes use racial... |
2000 |
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| Erik Luna |
Transparent Policing |
85 Iowa Law Review 1107 (May, 2000) |
Introduction. 1108 I. Democracy and Criminal Justice. 1121 A. Majoritarianism, Countermajoritarianism, and Constitutional Theory. 1122 B. Populism and Progressivism in Criminal Justice. 1126 C. Common Ground: Criminal Justice Information. 1130 II. Discretion and Secret Law. 1131 A. Defining Discretion. 1132 B. Criminal Justice Discretion in the... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Bennett L. Gershman |
Use of Race in "Stop-and-frisk": Stereotypical Beliefs Linger, but How Far Can the Police Go? |
72-APR New York State Bar Journal 42 (March/April, 2000) |
The power of police to detain persons for a brief period to investigate suspected criminal activity--commonly known as stop-and-frisk--has always been one of the most contentious issues in law enforcement. Although there is general consensus that street stops are an important weapon in crime prevention, the belief has always existed that... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Wesley MacNeil Oliver |
With an Evil Eye and an Unequal Hand: Pretextual Stops and Doctrinal Remedies to Racial Profiling |
74 Tulane Law Review 1409 (March, 2000) |
The United States Department of Justice recently entered into a consent decree with the New Jersey State Police to bring an end to racial profiling. The decree requires the state police to develop a race-neutral protocol to determine how traffic offenders are to be selected from the universe of petty perpetrators and to warn motorists of their... |
2000 |
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| Dawn V. Martin |
911: How Will Police and Fire Departments Respond to Public Safety Needs and the Americans with Disabilities Act? |
2 NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 37 (1998-1999) |
I. Introduction. 39 A. The ADA Dilemma. 39 B. Rehabilitation Act Coverage of Police and Fire Departments. 44 C. Survey of Police and Fire Department Cases Involving Disabilities. 46 1. ADA Cases. 46 2. Rehabilitation Act Cases. 50 3. State Equal Employment Law Cases. 51 4. How Can the Cases Be Reconciled?. 53 II. Overview of the Americans with... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Steve Russell , University of Texas |
A Black and White Issue: the Invisibility of American Indians in Racial Policy Discourse |
4 Georgetown Public Policy Review 129 (Spring, 1999) |
The President's Initiative on Race concluded little about American Indians, except that they are in dire circumstances. This article describes those circumstances and the difficulties that face policymakers in addressing Indian problems. Indians grappling with issues of economic development, education and internal democracy find themselves in a... |
1999 |
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| Reginald T. Shuford |
Any Way You Slice It: Why Racial Profiling Is Wrong |
18 Saint Louis University Public Law Review 371 (1999) |
It has been said that in life but two things are certain: death and taxes. If you are a young African-American or Latino male, however, there is an additional certainty: At some point during your lifetime, you will be harassed by the police. Racially motivated police harassment, vis-a-vis racial profiling, is as American as baseball and apple pie.... |
1999 |
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| William D. McColl II |
Blue Vs. Black: Let's End the Conflict Between Cops and Minorities |
9 Boston University Public Interest Law Journal 161 (Fall, 1999) |
Blue vs. Black is John Burris's personal, although not quite autobiographical, account of law practiced between the police and the Black community. It is not, however, the story of litigation so much as it is a from-the-trenches report about relations between Black people and police in California and around the nation. Burris, a civil rights lawyer; Search Snippet: ...Book Review BLUE VS. BLACK: LET'S END THE CONFLICT BETWEEN COPS AND MINORITIES John L. Burris with Catherine Whitney St. Martin's... |
1999 |
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| Abbe Smith |
Burdening the Least of Us: "Race-conscious" Ethics in Criminal Defense |
77 Texas Law Review 1585 (May, 1999) |
At the risk of sounding like an advocate who is engaged in a practical vocation of limited jurisprudential respectability, is hostile to theory, cares more about outcomes than anything else, and otherwise has a crabbed notion of criminal defense lawyering, when I read Anthony Alfieri's recent work on race-conscious ethics in criminal law... |
1999 |
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| Tara L. Senkel |
Civilians Often Need Protection from the Police: Let's Handcuff Police Brutality |
15 New York Law School Journal of Human Rights 385 (Winter, 1999) |
The most effective way to deter police brutality, like the alleged assault on Haitian immigrant Abner Louima, is for city officials to repeatedly remind its 38,000 police officers that unnecessary violence will not be tolerated Delivering a message is very important What you try to do is set the proper tone and to make it clear that actions... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Robert V. Ward Jr. |
Consensual Searches, the Fairytale That Became a Nightmare: Fargo Lessons Concerning Police Initiated Encounters |
15 Touro Law Review 451 (Winter, 1999) |
Chief Gunderson: Mr. Londegaard, sorry to bother you again. Can I come in? Mr. Londegaard: Yeah, no, I'm kind of, I'm kind of busy. Gunderson: I understand, I will keep it real short then. I am on my way out of town, but I was wondering, do you mind if I sit down? I am carrying a bit of a load here. Londegaard: No. I. Gunderson: Yeah,; Search Snippet: ...SEARCHES, THE FAIRYTALE THAT BECAME A NIGHTMARE: FARGO LESSONS CONCERNING POLICE INITIATED ENCOUNTERS Robert V. Ward Jr. [FNbbb1] [FNbb1] Copyright ©... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Carolyn Wolpert |
Considering Race and Crime: Distilling Non-partisan Policy from Opposing Theories |
36 American Criminal Law Review 265 (Spring 1999) |
I. Introduction. 265 II. Opposing Theoretical Arguments. 268 A. Critical Race Theory. 268 B. Neo-Conservative Theorists on Race and Crime. 271 C. Traditional Liberal and Conservative Arguments. 274 III. Criminology and Sociology. 276 IV. The Distillation of Policy. 280 A. De-emphasizing Race. 281 B. Recognizing the Non-Mutually Exclusive Nature of... |
1999 |
|
| AndrÉ G. Travieso |
Employee Free Speech Rights in the Workplace: Balancing the First Amendment Against Racist Speech by Police Officers |
51 Rutgers Law Review 1377 (Summer, 1999) |
Debates have long raged on the extent to which state governments as employers are entitled to limit the constitutional rights to the freedom of speech and expression of their public employees. Although the issue had been considered by the courts, it was not the subject of much debate until a recent incident in New York City involving a police... |
1999 |
Yes |
| DOROTHY E. ROBERTS |
Foreword: Race, Vagueness, and the Social Meaning of Order-maintenance Policing |
89 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 775 (Spring 1999) |
In June, 1992, the Chicago City Council passed a loitering ordinance that gave police officers exceptionally broad power to disperse any group of two or more people standing in public if the police suspect that the group includes a gang member. Any person who does not promptly obey an order to disperse is subject to arrest and six months in prison.... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Debra Livingston |
Gang Loitering, the Court, and Some Realism about Police Patrol |
1999 Supreme Court Review 141 (1999) |
When the Supreme Court voted to review the decision of the Illinois Supreme Court holding Chicago's gang loitering ordinance invalid on federal constitutional grounds, it seemed plausible that City of Chicago v Morales would be the occasion for a major statement from the Court on a set of complex issuesissues including not only the nature of the... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Andrew J. McClurg |
Good Cop, Bad Cop: Using Cognitive Dissonance Theory to Reduce Police Lying |
32 U.C. Davis Law Review 389 (Winter, 1999) |
Introduction. 391 I. The Disheartening Truth About Police Lying. 396 A. The Violated Fourth Amendment. 398 B. The Tainted Judiciary. 403 1. Why Judges Choose to Believe Cops. 403 2. Find the Cost of Freedom: United States v. Bayless. 406 II. Why Honorable, Moral Police Officers Lie: The End Justifies the Means. 411 A. The Temptation of Ends-Means... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Satoru Morizane |
Initial Encounters Between Police and Citizens: a Comparative Study of the United States and Japan |
13 Emory International Law Review 561 (Fall 1999) |
A police officer, while on his beat, observes a person who is nervously looking inside one parked car after another. Based on his experience as a police officer, he naturally suspects that the person is looking for a chance to steal a car or something inside one. What should the officer do in this situation? Of course, he should make some inquiries; Search Snippet: ...Emory International Law Review Fall 1999 Article INITIAL ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN POLICE AND CITIZENS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE UNITED STATES AND... |
1999 |
Yes |
| |
Interview with Former Governor Thomas H. Kean (R-nj), Member of President Clinton's Initiative on Race |
4 Georgetown Public Policy Review 115 (Spring, 1999) |
The spring issue of The Georgetown Public Policy Review is focusing on the question of race relations, both in this country and abroad. Given your personal and professional history, what do the words race relations mean to you? Well, because of the generation I am from, race means to me the relationship between black and white in the United... |
1999 |
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| James L. Fennessy |
New Jersey Law and Police Response to the Exclusion of Minority Patrons from Retail Stores Based on the Mere Suspicion of Shoplifting |
9 Seton Hall Constitutional Law Journal 549 (Spring, 1999) |
Imagine yourself shopping in a retail store. You are approached by a store clerk and told that you are no longer allowed in the store because you are suspected of shoplifting. The store employee maintains that the store is private property and that proof of criminal activity is not required in order to exclude you from the premises. The employee... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Susan Bandes |
Patterns of Injustice: Police Brutality in the Courts |
47 Buffalo Law Review 1275 (Fall 1999) |
Legal consequences often hinge on whether events or incidents are categorized as isolated or connected, individual or systemic, anecdotal or part of a larger pattern. Courts tend to portray incidents of police brutality as anecdotal, fragmented, and isolated rather than as part of a systemic, institutional pattern. Though numerous... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Debra Livingston |
Police Reform and the Department of Justice: an Essay on Accountability |
2 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 815 (1999) |
In 1994, Congress promulgated a significant piece of legislation that may prove to have an extremely important impact on the operation of local police departments. Section 14141 of Title 42, enacted as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, prohibits governmental authorities or those acting on their behalf from engaging... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Trish Oberweis, Michael Musheno |
Policing Identities: Cop Decision Making and the Constitution of Citizens |
24 Law and Social Inquiry 897 (Fall, 1999) |
We examine police decision making by focusing on police stories and drawing together contemporary thought about identities and police subculture. Our inquiry suggests that police decision making is both improvisational and patterned. Cops are moral agents who tag people with identities as they project identities of their own. They do engage in raw; Search Snippet: ...LAW AND SOCIAL INQUIRY Law and Social Inquiry Fall, 1999 POLICING IDENTITIES: COP DECISION MAKING AND THE CONSTITUTION OF CITIZENS Trish Oberweis [FNa1... |
1999 |
Yes |
| AnnJanette Rosga, Ph.D. |
Policing the State |
1999 Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law 145 (Summer, 1999) |
It is a widespread but fatal trap--precisely, a trap of liberal opinion'-- to split analysis from action, and to assign the first to the instance of the long term, which never comes, and reserve only the second to what is practical and realistic in the short term. . Oscar Wilde once said that it is an outrage for reformers to spend time asking... |
1999 |
Yes |
| David G. Savage |
Privacy Rights Pulled over |
85-JUN ABA Journal 42 (June, 1999) |
The traditional police power to strictly enforce the traffic laws is fast becoming a license to freely search for drugs on the roadways. In recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court has given police officers greater leeway to stop cars, to detain drivers and their passengers, and to search the vehicles, all with the intent of finding illegal drugs. At; Search Snippet: ...1999 Substantive Law Supreme Court Report PRIVACY RIGHTS PULLED OVER Cops Get More Power to Search Personal Effects in Vehicles David... |
1999 |
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| David N. Dorfman |
Proving the Lie: Litigating Police Credibility |
26 American Journal of Criminal Law 455 (Summer 1999) |
Table of Contents I. Introduction. 456 II. The Judicial Weighing of Police Credibility. 466 A. The Diminished Seriousness of Weighing Witness Credibility. 466 B. The Further Diminished Seriousness of Weighing Police Witness Testimony. 469 III. Other Scholarly Approaches to Police Lying. 474 A. Professor Skolnick: Institutional Reform and the... |
1999 |
Yes |
| David Cole |
Race, Policing, and the Future of the Criminal Law |
26-SUM Human Rights Rts. 2 (Summer, 1999) |
The fact that New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and the Reverend Al Sharpton represent the opposing points of view in today's renewed debate over policing and race is a fitting reflection of the nationwide racial divide on this issue. It would be difficult to cast more extreme spokespersons for the competing viewpoints. It would also be... |
1999 |
Yes |
| David Cole |
Race, Policing, and the Future of the Criminal Law |
26-SUM Human Rights 2 (Summer, 1999) |
The fact that New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and the Reverend Al Sharpton represent the opposing points of view in today's renewed debate over policing and race is a fitting reflection of the nationwide racial divide on this issue. It would be difficult to cast more extreme spokespersons for the competing viewpoints. It would also be; Search Snippet: ...2 1999 WL 820693 HUMAN RIGHTS Human Rights Summer, 1999 RACE, POLICING, AND THE FUTURE OF THE CRIMINAL LAW [FNa1] David Cole... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Major Walter M. Hudson |
Racial Extremism in the Army |
159 Military Law Review Rev. 1 (March 1, 1999) |
In the early morning hours of 7 December 1995, Michael James and Jackie Burden walked down Hall Street in Fayetteville, North Carolina, a neighborhood they knew well. Two men approached them, one of whom had a gun. He pointed the gun close to their heads and fired at least five times. By the following afternoon, Fayetteville police arrested two 82d... |
1999 |
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| Robin H. Gise |
Rethinking Mcclesky V. Kemp: How U.s. Ratification of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Provides a Remedy for Claims of Racial Disparity in Death Penalty Cases |
22 Fordham International Law Journal 2270 (June, 1999) |
Warren McClesky, an African-American man, was convicted of murdering a white police officer and sentenced to death in the Superior Court of Fulton County in Georgia in 1978. After making several appeals to the Supreme Court of Georgia, McClesky filed a writ of habeas corpus in federal district court in the Northern District of Georgia. His petition... |
1999 |
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| David Dante Troutt |
Screws, Koon, and Routine Aberrations: the Use of Fictional Narratives in Federal Police Brutality Prosecutions |
74 New York University Law Review 18 (April 1, 1999) |
Depite periodic outcries in response to particular outrages, it remains notoriously difficult to prosecute police brutality. In this form-shattering Article, Professor Troutt attributes much of this difficulty to the overwhelming power of the stories mainstream American culture tells about the encounters leading to police violence. In this piece.... |
1999 |
Yes |
| The Honorable Phyllis W. Beck ; Patricia A. Daly, Esq. |
State Constitutional Analysis of Pretext Stops: Racial Profiling and Public Policy Concerns |
72 Temple Law Review 597 (Fall 1999) |
A unanimous United States Supreme Court made itself quite clear in Whren v. United States: motor vehicle stops based on pretext are not prohibited by the Fourth Amendment. The primary concern with pretext stops is that they facilitate racial profiling, the process of singling out drivers based on their race. Although the Supreme Court was careful... |
1999 |
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| Kevin C. Wille |
State V. Donis: the New Jersey Supreme Court Turns its Back While Police Conduct Random Mobile Data Terminal Searches |
17 John Marshall Journal of Computer & Information Law 1235 (Summer 1999) |
On the night of January 24, 1994, Sergeant Kenneth Hawthorne of the West Windsor Police Department in New Jersey was conducting a routine patrol on U.S. Route 1. While driving northbound on Route 1, Sergeant Hawthorne came upon a 1986 Subaru driven by Mr. Mauro Donis (Donis). Sergeant Hawthorne testified that, although he did not witness any; Search Snippet: ...DONIS: THE NEW JERSEY SUPREME COURT TURNS ITS BACK WHILE POLICE CONDUCT RANDOM MOBILE DATA TERMINAL SEARCHES Kevin C. Wille Copyright... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Anthony C. Thompson |
Stopping the Usual Suspects: Race and the Fourth Amendment |
74 New York University Law Review 956 (October, 1999) |
In this Article, Professor Thompson addresses the constitutional and policy implications of racially motivated searches and seizures. He begins by showing that the Supreme Court's most recent pronouncement on the subject, Whren v. United States, which has been treated by scholars as a new direction in the Court's Fourth Amendment jurisprudence, is... |
1999 |
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| Karen Y. Vicks |
Supreme Court Gives Cops Green Light to Make Fourth Amendment Seizures of Passengers Without Individualized Suspicion: Maryland V. Wilson |
9 Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review 211 (Fall 1999) |
Throughout most of America's history, we have adhered to the Fourth Amendment's general rule that before an official may conduct a legal search and seizure, a warrant must be issued upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Because the; Search Snippet: ...Civil Rights Law Review Fall 1999 Note SUPREME COURT GIVES COPS GREEN LIGHT TO MAKE FOURTH AMENDMENT SEIZURES OF PASSENGERS WITHOUT... |
1999 |
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| Deborah Brake |
The Cruelest of the Gender Police: Student-to-student Sexual Harassment and Anti-gay Peer Harassment under Title Ix |
1 Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law 37 (Fall, 1999) |
I. Title IX's Treatment of Peer Sexual Harassment: Why Does School Inaction Discriminate on the Basis of Sex?. 43 A. Before Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education: The Lower Courts' Approaches to Discrimination. 44 B. The Meaning of Discrimination in Davis: Did the School Cause the Discrimination?. 47 C. School Inaction Causes the... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Nancy Egan |
The Police Response to Spouse Abuse: a Selective, Annotated Bibliography |
91 Law Library Journal 499 (Summer, 1999) |
Background on the traditional governmental responses to spouse abuse and brief periods of reform, as well as the rationale for a bibliography annotating materials concerning the police response to spouse abuse, are provided. The bibliography is arranged in four sections: (1) empirical research, (2) criminal justice commentary, (3) feminist; Search Snippet: ...796755 LAW LIBRARY JOURNAL Law Library Journal Summer, 1999 THE POLICE RESPONSE TO SPOUSE ABUSE: A SELECTIVE, ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY [FNa1] Nancy... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Paul Butler |
(Color) Blind Faith: the Tragedy of Race, Crime, and the Law |
111 Harvard Law Review 1270 (March, 1998) |
When you don't know when you have been spit on, it does not matter too much what else you think you know. Ruth Shays Half of the young black men residing in Washington, D.C.--the capital of the freest nation in the world--are in prison or under the supervision of the criminal courts. This ugly fact was reported a few months after Randall Kennedy... |
1998 |
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