| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | key Terms in Title or Summary |
| Rob Yale |
Searching for the Consequences of Police Brutality |
70 Southern California Law Review 1841 (September, 1997) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 1841 II. THE GRAVITY OF POLICE USE OF EXCESSIVE FORCE. 1843 A. Police/Community Relations Suffer. 1843 B. Financial Burden. 1844 C. Brutality and Other Police Misconduct. 1845 III. WHO CAN IMPOSE CONSEQUENCES FOR BRUTALITY?. 1846 A. Courts. 1846 B. Civilian Review Boards. 1851 C. Law Enforcement Organizations. 1852 IV. CURRENT... |
1997 |
Yes |
| Omar Saleem |
The Age of Unreason: the Impact of Reasonableness, Increased Police Force, and Colorblindness on Terry "Stop and Frisk" |
50 Oklahoma Law Review 451 (Winter, 1997) |
Current general public-police encounters are reminiscent of a dialogue in J.R.R. Tolkien's classic fantasy novel The Hobbit, in which a hobbit named Bilbo Baggins, who lived under the ground, was visited by the wizard Gandalf. It was a sunny and pleasantly peaceful day with plush green grass when Bilbo said, Good Morning to the wizard Gandalf,... |
1997 |
Yes |
| Kathryn R. Urbonya |
The Fishing Gets Easier |
83-JAN ABA Journal 46 (January, 1997) |
As many a criminal defendant is quick to argue, traffic stops can amount to fishing expeditions for police officers in search of drugs and other contraband. Fishing expeditions, as any angler knows, do not always produce a catch. In the case of traffic stops, however, legal difficulties arise when police do find something in the course of searching... |
1997 |
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| Mark M. Dobson |
The Police, Pretextual Investigatory Activity, and the Fourth Amendment: What Hath Whren Wrought? |
9 Saint Thomas Law Review 707 (Spring 1997) |
The Fourth Amendment is designed to protect an individual's reasonable expectation of privacy against unjustified governmental intrusion. The Amendment primarily does this by forbidding the government from engaging in unreasonable searches and seizures. Although there are some exceptions, one effect of this prohibition is to require that there; Search Snippet: ...Saint Thomas Law Review Spring 1997 Criminal Law Symposium THE POLICE, PRETEXTUAL INVESTIGATORY ACTIVITY, AND THE FOURTH AMENDMENT: WHAT HATH WHREN... |
1997 |
Yes |
| Gay J. McDougall |
Toward a Meaningful International Regime: the Domestic Relevance of International Efforts to Eliminate All Forms of Racial Discrimination |
40 Howard Law Journal 571 (Spring 1997) |
Racism has always been America's Achilles heel in international relations. African-Americans have a long history of appeals to the international community--and its judicial bodies--for redress of racist practices in the U.S. However, from the days of the slave trade to more modern instances of police brutality, including the assault against Rodney... |
1997 |
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| Angela J. Davis |
Benign Neglect of Racism in the Criminal Justice System |
94 Michigan Law Review 1660 (May, 1996) |
In October 1995, two black male teenagers were shopping in a clothing store in Prince George's County, Maryland. A white security guard, who was also an off-duty police officer, approached one of the teens and questioned him about the shirt that he was wearing. The youth explained that he had bought the shirt in that same store the previous week.... |
1996 |
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| Catherine Therese Clarke |
From Criminet to Cyber-perp: Toward an Inclusive Approach to Policing the Evolving Criminal Mens Rea on the Internet |
75 Oregon Law Review 191 (Spring 1996) |
THE Internet is a culture of unusual vitality. Until now, law enforcement officials have not criminally prosecuted misconduct on the Internet in a coordinated manner. However, with the recent passage of the controversial Communications Decency Act authorizing imprisonment for transmitting indecency on the Internet, as well as the growing commercial... |
1996 |
Yes |
| Cheryl Shaw |
Gates V. Superior Court--the Reginald Denny Case and Violation of Civil Rights by Misallocation of Police Resources: Does a Cause of Action for Damages Flow from the California Constitution's Equal Protection Clause? |
18 Whittier Law Review 175 (1996) |
On April 29, 1992, Los Angeles exploded in riots which later became known as the nation's worst urban violence. The riots erupted after four white Los Angeles Police Department (the Department) officers were acquitted on criminal charges of excessive force arising from the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King. One now-famous victim of... |
1996 |
Yes |
| Adina Schwartz |
Just Take Away Their Guns: the Hidden Racism of Terry V. Ohio |
23 Fordham Urban Law Journal 317 (Winter 1996) |
Noted social scientist James Q. Wilson recently argued that the best way to deal with illegal gun-carrying in the United States is to increase police use of stops and frisks, i.e. detaining individuals forcibly and patting down the outer surfaces of their clothing for weapons. Wilson conceded that if his proposal were instituted, [i]nnocent people... |
1996 |
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| Elizabeth A. Boyd, Richard A. Berk, Karl M. Hamner |
Motivated by Hatred or Prejudice: Categorization of Hate-motivated Crimes in Two Police Divisions |
30 Law and Society Review 819 (1996) |
Recent legislative responses to a perceived increase in hate crimes have resulted in efforts to quantify the rates of occurrence of such crimes. However, there remains little understanding of the processes by which statutory requirements are implemented at the level of front-line personnel like the police. This article examines the situated... |
1996 |
Yes |
| David S. Cohen |
Official Oppression: a Historical Analysis of Low-level Police Abuse and a Modern Attempt at Reform |
28 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 165 (Fall 1996) |
If people complained about us every time we kicked somebody's ass, I'd be in big trouble. I can't think of a single day when I didn't put my hands on somebody. --Anonymous Police Officer (R)esidents in this neighborhood tended to regard police officers as corrupt, abusive and violent. After the attendant publicity surrounding (these problems), had... |
1996 |
Yes |
| Paul G. Cassell , Bret S. Hayman |
Police Interrogation in the 1990s: an Empirical Study of the Effects of Miranda |
43 UCLA Law Review 839 (February, 1996) |
Introduction. 840 I. Previous Empirical Research on Police Questioning. 843 II. Sources of Data and Methodology. 850 III. The Interrogation Process and its Outcomes. 854 A. The Frequency of Questioning, Waivers, and Confessions. 854 1. Questioning and Nonquestioning. 854 2. Invocations of Miranda Rights. 858 3. Confessions, Incriminating; Search Snippet: ...LAW REVIEW UCLA Law Review February, 1996 Dialogue on Miranda POLICE INTERROGATION IN THE 1990S: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS... |
1996 |
Yes |
| Richard A. Leo |
Police Scholarship for the Future: Resisting the Pull of the Policy Audience |
30 Law and Society Review 865 (1996) |
David Bayley, Police for the Future. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pp vii +187. $27.00. Paul Chevigny, Edge of the Knife: Police Violence in the Americas. New York: New Press, 1995. Pp ix + 319. $23.00. The academic literature on policing is in a paradoxical state. On the one hand, there has never been more of it. Sociologists,... |
1996 |
Yes |
| Donald A. Dripps |
Police, plus Perjury, Equals Polygraphy |
86 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 693 (Spring, 1996) |
Criminal procedure scholars devote themselves to debating the proper scope of the Constitution's limits on police methods. The application of constitutional rules, however, depends entirely on how facts are found on motions to suppress or at trials of civil rights actions. Police perjury, if accepted, can defeat any constitutional rule. Thus, the... |
1996 |
Yes |
| Paul Knepper, Ph.D. |
Race, Racism and Crime Statistics |
24 Southern University Law Review 71 (Fall, 1996) |
Canada's public debate about the collection of race-coded crime statistics has entered its seventh year. In 1992, the Justice Information Council issued a moratorium on the release of national race-crime statistics. The announcement followed the furor that erupted two years earlier when the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics announced that it... |
1996 |
|
| Linda S. Gottfredson , University of Delaware |
Racially Gerrymandering the Content of Police Test to Satisfy the U.s. Justice Department: a Case Study |
2 Psychology, Public Policy, And Law 418 (September/December, 1996) |
Discrimination law and its aggressive enforcement by the U.S. Department of Justice both falsely assume that all racial-ethnic groups would pass job-related, unbiased employment tests at the same rate. Unreasonable law and enforcement create pressure for personnel psychologists to violate professional principles and lower the merit relatedness of... |
1996 |
Yes |
| Andrew D. Leipold |
The Dangers of Race-based Jury Nullification: a Response to Professor Butler |
44 UCLA Law Review 109 (October, 1996) |
Introduction. 109 I. A Building with No Foundation. 112 A. Misreading the Evidence. 112 B. Misreading History. 120 II. The Wrong Incentives. 128 A. Jurors, Defendants, and Communities. 128 B. Police, Prosecutors, and Legislatures. 132 III. The Wrong Messages. 135 Conclusion. 140 |
1996 |
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| David H. Bayley, Clifford D. Shearing |
The Future of Policing |
30 Law and Society Review 585 (1996) |
This essay examines the restructuring of policing currently taking place in developed democratic societies. It argues that restructuring is occurring under private as well as government auspices and will have profound effects on public safety, equity, human rights, and accountability. These effects are discussed, along with the trade-offs they... |
1996 |
Yes |
| Katheryn K. Russell |
The Racial Hoax as Crime: the Law as Affirmation |
71 Indiana Law Journal 593 (Summer, 1996) |
INTRODUCTION. 594 I. THE PHENOMENON OF THE RACIAL HOAX. 596 A. Cases in Point. 596 B. The Sociology of the Racial Hoax. 599 II. RACISM AS CRIME. 601 A. Views of Commentators. 601 B. The Paradigm and the Racial Hoax. 604 III. THE LAW AS AFFIRMATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CRIMINAL OFFENDING. 605 A. Affirmative Race Law. 605 B. Absence of Affirmative... |
1996 |
|
| Paul Finkelman |
The Rise of the New Racism |
15 Yale Law and Policy Review 245 (1996) |
On December 7, 1995 two white soldiers from Fort Bragg went into nearby Fayetteville, North Carolina with semi-automatic weapons, hunting for blacks. The two soldiers succeeded in their intended goal. They shot Michael James, age 36, and Jackie Burden, age 27, in the head at close range, killing them. In the soldiers' rooms the police found a... |
1996 |
|
| Patricia Leary , Stephanie Rae Williams |
Toward a State Constitutional Check on Police Discretion to Patrol the Fourth Amendment's Outer Frontier: a Subjective Test for Pretextual Seizures |
69 Temple Law Review 1007 (Fall 1996) |
In December 1995, Chief Judge Seymour of the Tenth Circuit noted that law enforcement officers, through pretextual motives, have an increasing propensity for patrolling the [F]ourth [A]mendment's outer frontier, and have frequently patrolled far outside the outer boundaries of the Fourth Amendment. The federal courts' interpretation of the... |
1996 |
Yes |
| By Alexa P. Freeman |
Unscheduled Departures: the Circumvention of Just Sentencing for Police Brutality |
47 Hastings Law Journal 677 (March, 1996) |
I. Why Police Brutality is a Problem. 684 A. Definitions. 684 B. Incidence. 688 C. Causes. 690 (1) Police Brutality is a Societal Problem. 690 (2) Racism. 693 (3) Above the Law. 698 D. The Harms of Police Brutality. 701 (1) Rule of Law is Violated. 701 (a) Police brutality exceeds positive law. 701 (b) Police brutality perverts the law. 702 (c)... |
1996 |
Yes |
| Jason Lazarus |
Vision Impossible? Imaging Devices-the New Police Technology and the Fourth Amendment |
48 Florida Law Review 299 (April, 1996) |
I. Introduction. 299 II. Katz, Dogs, and the Fourth Amendment. 304 A. When Is Police Action a Search?. 304 B. When Is Police Action Not a Search?. 307 C. Is Police Use of an Imaging Device a Search?. 309 III. Imaging Devices and Stop and Frisks. 312 A. The Seminal Case: Terry v. Ohio. 312 B. Is Police Use of Imaging Devices a Frisk?. 313 IV; Search Snippet: ...Review April, 1996 Note VISION IMPOSSIBLE? IMAGING DEVICESTHE NEW POLICE TECHNOLOGY AND THE FOURTH AMENDMENT Jason Lazarus [FNa1] Copyright ©... |
1996 |
Yes |
| Randall Kennedy |
A Response to Professor Cole's "Paradox of Race and Crime" |
83 Georgetown Law Journal 2573 (September, 1995) |
I appreciate the spirit in which Professor David Cole criticizes my comment, The State, Criminal Law, and Racial Discrimination and would like to thank The Georgetown Law Journal for publishing it and my rebuttal. His remarks have prompted me to modify certain aspects of my argument. They have not, however, persuaded me with respect to the main... |
1995 |
|
| Kathryn R. Urbonya |
Dangerous Misperceptions: Protecting Police Officers, Society, and the Fourth Amendment Right to Personal Security |
22 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 623 (Spring 1995) |
I. Introduction. 625 II. The Use of Physical Force to Seize Suspects: Aggressive Actions. 630 III. Frisking Suspects for Weapons: Preventive Actions. 635 A. Danger as the Justification for a Terry Frisk. 635 B. The Progeny of Terry. 639 IV. Limiting Danger: Inherent Danger During Emergencies and Arrests. 644 A. Emergencies: Community Caretaking... |
1995 |
Yes |
| Marcy Rasmussen Podkopacz , Barry C. Feld |
Judicial Waiver Policy and Practice: Persistence, Seriousness and Race |
14 Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice 73 (December, 1995) |
L1-3Table of Contents Introduction. 74 I. Juvenile Courts, Judicial Waiver, and Individualized Sentencing Decisions. 81 A. Judicial Waiver. 81 B. The Evolution of Judicial Waiver in Minnesota: The Law on the Books' and the Law in Action'. 90 1. Prima Facie Case or Rebuttable Presumption for Certification. 92 2. 1994 Legislative Changes in... |
1995 |
|
| Marco Caffuzzi |
Private Police and Personal Privacy: Who's Guarding the Guards? |
40 New York Law School Law Review 225 (1995) |
Popular perceptions are that the rate of crime in America has increased over the past several years. As a result, crime has become a popular issue in contemporary politics. As a further result, communities have enacted innovative programs in order to ensure the safety of their residents. One method that both urban and suburban communities alike; Search Snippet: ...REVIEW New York Law School Law Review 1995 Note PRIVATE POLICE AND PERSONAL PRIVACY: WHO'S GUARDING THE GUARDS? Marco Caffuzzi Copyright... |
1995 |
Yes |
| By Lucy A. Williams |
Race, Rat Bites and Unfit Mothers: How Media Discourse Informs Welfare Legislation Debate |
22 Fordham Urban Law Journal 1159 (Summer 1995) |
A Boston mother was yesterday charged with abusing her four-year old son by plunging his hands into boiling water and then locking him in his room for weeks without treatment. Police found Ernesto Ventura at the weekend lying on a mattress soaked with his own blood and urine, his hands virtually burned to the bone by scalding water. . . . Clarabel... |
1995 |
|
| David Cole |
The Paradox of Race and Crime: a Comment on Randall Kennedy's "Politics of Distinction" |
83 Georgetown Law Journal 2547 (September, 1995) |
Practicing what he calls the politics of distinction, Professor Randall Kennedy argues that critics who claim the criminal justice system is racially discriminatory because it has incarcerated a disproportionate number of African-Americans are misguided. While liberal criticism of the criminal justice system has traditionally focused on the... |
1995 |
|
| Scott Campbell |
United States V. Ferguson: the Sixth Circuit Adds a Third Test for Pretextual Police Conduct |
56 Ohio State Law Journal 277 (1995) |
For more than two centuries, the Fourth Amendment has stood as a critical bulwark against the ability of the state to interfere in the lives and the property rights of ordinary citizens. At its most basic level, it protects the people from searches or seizures that are born out of hunch, harassment, hatred, and other improper bases. Instead, before... |
1995 |
Yes |
| Henry J. Reske |
Verdict on Simpson Trial |
81-NOV ABA Journal 48 (November, 1995) |
The acquittal of O.J. Simpson validated the Dream Team label of his lawyers, who exploited key weaknesses in the prosecution's case but raised jury doubts in places where many observers believed no doubt could exist. The jury's decision, reached in less than four hours, confounded many trial-watchers and experts who had long predicted a hung jury; Search Snippet: ...OBSERVERS SAY PROSECUTION LOST THE CASE OVER A BLOODY GLOVE, RACIST COP Henry J. Reske Copyright (c) 1995 by the American Bar... |
1995 |
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| Miriam H. Ruttenberg |
A Feminist Critique of Mandatory Arrest: an Anallysis of Race and Gender in Domestic Violence Policy |
2 American University Journal of Gender & the Law 171 (Spring, 1994) |
Men have beaten their wives and partners for centuries with no retribution from the criminal justice system. Only recently has domestic violence been targeted by the government as a problem warranting criminal sanctions. For example, in the past two decades many states have enacted mandatory arrest statutes. These statutes are designed to send the... |
1994 |
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| Debra Ann Livingston |
Brutality in Blue: Community, Authority, and the Elusive Promise of Police Reform |
92 Michigan Law Review 1556 (May, 1994) |
In January 1994, President Clinton invited Kevin Jett, a thirty- one-year-old New York City police officer who walks a beat in the northwest Bronx, to attend the State of the Union Address. Jett stood for Congress's applause as the President called for the addition of 100,000 new community police officers to walk beats across the nation. The crime... |
1994 |
Yes |
| W. Brian Stack |
Criminal Procedure -- Confessions -- Waiver of Privilege Against Self-incrimination Held Invalid Due to Police Failure to Inform Suspect of Attorney's Attempt to Contact Him -- State V. Reed, 133 N.j. 237, 627 A.2d 630 (1993). |
25 Seton Hall Law Review 353 (1994) |
Arguably the most fundamental purpose of the American judicial system is to determine the guilt or innocence of a person accused of committing a crime. One would expect that a full confession from the accused would be irrefutable proof of that person's guilt. This is not always true, however, because some confessions are inaccurate or made; Search Snippet: ...wAIveR of privilege against seLF-INCRIMINATION HELD INVALID DUE TO POLICE FAILURE TO INFORM SUSPECT OF ATTORNEY'S ATTEMPT TO CONTACT HIM... |
1994 |
Yes |
| Bryan A. Stevenson , Ruth E. Friedman |
Deliberate Indifference: Judicial Tolerance of Racial Bias in Criminal Justice |
51 Washington and Lee Law Review 509 (Spring, 1994) |
On April 22, 1987, a majority of the United States Supreme Court announced a startling and deeply disturbing opinion about race and the administration of criminal justice in the United States. Presented with overwhelming statistical evidence of racial bias in Georgia's use of the death penalty, the Court ruled in McCleskey v. Kemp that race-based... |
1994 |
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| Stephen D. Mastrofski, R. Richard Ritti, Jeffrey B. Snipes |
Expectancy Theory and Police Productivity in Dui Enforcement |
28 Law and Society Review 113 (1994) |
This article drew on expectancy theory in industrial/organizational psychology to explain arrest productivity for driving under the influence (DUI) in a sample of Pennsylvania police officers. Expectancy theory is a cognitive model of motivation and performance based on workers' perceptions of their situation. Its major elements are estimated in a; Search Snippet: ...Review 1994 Organizational Theory and Police Arrests EXPECTANCY THEORY AND POLICE PRODUCTIVITY IN DUI ENFORCEMENT Stephen D. Mastrofski R. Richard Ritti... |
1994 |
Yes |
| Tanya E. Coke |
Lady Justice May Be Blind, but Is She a Soul Sister? Race-neutrality and the Ideal of Representative Juries |
69 New York University Law Review 327 (May, 1994) |
Conventional wisdom has it that Los Angeles burned in the spring of 1992 because of a damning videotape and a verdict of not guilty. The more precise source of public rage, however, was that the jury which acquitted four white police officers of beating black motorist Rodney King included no African Americans. Public protest following that and... |
1994 |
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| Linda Reyna Yanez , Alfonso Soto |
Local Police Involvement in the Enforcement of Immigration Law |
1 Hispanic Law Journal 9 (1994) |
C1-6TABLE OF CONTENTS L1-6 I. L2-5,T5Introduction 11 II. L2-5,T5Risk of Civil Rights Violations 12 A. L3-5,T5Reported Incidents 13 1. L4-5,T5United States v. Perez-Castro 14 2. L4-5,T5Cervantez v. Withfield 14 B. L3-5,T5Constitutional Standards at Issue 15 1. L4-5,T5Search and Seizure Law 16 2. L4-5,T5Equal Protection 20 III. L2-5,T5Defining the; Search Snippet: ...WL 1026032 HISPANIC LAW JOURNAL Hispanic Law Journal 1994 LOCAL POLICE INVOLVEMENT IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF IMMIGRATION LAW Linda Reyna Yanez... |
1994 |
Yes |
| Joan Zorza |
Must We Stop Arresting Batterers?: Analysis and Policy Implications of New Police Domestic Violence Studies |
28 New England Law Review 929 (Summer, 1994) |
From 1985 to 1990 experiments were conducted to determine the relative deterrent value of three different police responses to domestic violence: (1) arrest of the abuser, (2) mediation between the parties, and (3) physical separation of the parties. These experiments followed a 1983 report of the National Institute for Justice finding that arrest... |
1994 |
Yes |
| Kevin A. Fox, Nutan Christine Shah |
Natural Born Killers: the Assault Weapons Ban of the Crime Bill -- Legitimate Exercise of Congressional Authority to Control Violent Crime or Infringement of a Constitutional Guarantee? |
10 Saint John's Journal of Legal Commentary 123 (Fall, 1994) |
The United States has seen a sharp increase in violent crime rates. Particularly alarming is the rising tide of gun violence in American society. Assault weapons are some of the most dangerous and frequently used firearms in the commission of these crimes. In an attempt to curb the proliferation of these powerful weapons, Congress passed the; Search Snippet: ...features at least 52 on screen killings); Robert D. McFadden, Police Say Murder Suspect Thinks TV Spied On Him, N.Y. Times... |
1994 |
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| Judge Arthur L. Burnett, Sr. |
Permeation of Race, National Origin and Gender Issues from Initial Law Enforcement Contact Through Sentencing: the Need for Sensitivity, Equalitarianism and Vigilance in the Criminal Justice System |
31 American Criminal Law Review 1153 (Summer, 1994) |
This article takes a close look at the actual operation of the entire criminal justice system with reference to issues of racism, national origin and gender bias, from the initial police or law enforcement contact with the individual through the final process of sentencing the guilty offender. What is the remedy when, in the exercise of police... |
1994 |
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| Sa'id Wekili , Hyacinth E. Leus |
Police Brutality: Problems of Excessive Force Litigation |
25 Pacific Law Journal 171 (January, 1994) |
LET ME BEGIN BY stating what should be obvious: Nothing is more essential to the health of our city--indeed to the very fabric of a democratic society--than the integrity of our police officers. If our citizens believe that the police are dishonest, they will be dishonest. If officers flout the law, respect for the law will be diminished, and the... |
1994 |
Yes |
| Richard S. Jones |
Processing Civilian Complaints: a Study of the Milwaukee Fire and Police Commission |
77 Marquette Law Review 505 (Spring, 1994) |
Today our world is brimming with increased racial tensions and negative police-community encounters. This comes in the aftermath of highly publicized cases of police abuse and public questions concerning the extent of police authority and discretion. These questions have led to a renewed interest in civilian review boards. Cities throughout the... |
1994 |
Yes |
| Margalynne Armstrong |
Protecting Privilege: Race, Residence and Rodney King |
12 Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice 351 (June, 1994) |
The 1992 acquittal of the Los Angeles police officers who beat Rodney King, and the resulting devastation of an already ravaged community, is a parable that contains many different lessons about race in America. Although the verdict's most graphic illustrations are about the manner in which our criminal justice system abuses African Americans, the... |
1994 |
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| Michelle A. Travis |
Psychological Health Tests for Violence-prone Police Officers: Objectives, Shortcomings, and Alternatives |
46 Stanford Law Review 1717 (July, 1994) |
The beating of Rodney King in Los Angeles focused public attention on the issue of police brutality and sparked a debate about how police departments might avoid similar incidents in the future. In this note, Michelle A. Travis examines one response: psychological tests that purport to identify and screen out potentially violent individuals before... |
1994 |
Yes |
| Wendy Brown-Scott |
Race Consciousness in Higher Education: Does "Sound Educational Policy" Support the Continued Existence of Historically Black Colleges? |
43 Emory Law Journal L.J. 1 (Winter, 1994) |
C1-3TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction. 3 II. The Need for Historically Black Public Colleges and Universities: Building Trust Through Education. 10 A. The Need for Historically Black Colleges. 10 B. What Went Wrong?. 13 C. Rectifying Pluralistic Ignorance. 20 1. A Short Story. 20 2. A Longer Version. 26 III. Challenging Subordination, Gaining... |
1994 |
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| Peter L. Davis |
Rodney King and the Decriminalization of Police Brutality in America: Direct and Judicial Access to the Grand Jury as Remedies for Victims of Police Brutality When the Prosecutor Declines to Prosecute |
53 Maryland Law Review 271 (1994) |
This Article begins with the premise that, despite political rhetoric and occasional prosecutions to the contrary, police brutality has been effectively decriminalized in this country. The Article adopts the Rodney King case as the paradigm for examining this phenomenon. Scrutinizing the culture and semantics of police brutality, the author... |
1994 |
Yes |
| John M. Copacino |
Suspicionless Criminal Seizures after Michigan Department of State Police V. Sitz |
31 American Criminal Law Review 251 (Winter, 1994) |
I. Introduction. 215 II. Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz. 218 III. The Appropriate Fourth Amendment Analysis. 221 A. The Conventional Approach vs. Reasonableness Balancing. 221 B. The New Era of Reasonableness Balancing. 224 1. Camara v. Municipal Court and its Progeny: Reasonableness Balancing in Civil Cases. 224 2. A Critique of; Search Snippet: ...Winter, 1994 SUSPICIONLESS CRIMINAL SEIZURES AFTER MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF STATE POLICE v. SITZ John M. Copacino [FNa1] Copyright (c) 1994 by... |
1994 |
Yes |
| Jonathan Hangartner |
The Constitutionality of Large Scale Police Tactics: Implications for the Right of Intrastate Travel |
14 Pace Law Review 203 (Spring 1994) |
Feeling thirsty on a hot summer night, you head out to the corner store for a soda. On your way home you see an old friend on the street. You stop and shake hands. The police move in. The officers lay you out on the pavement and search you as the neighbors watch. A helicopter clatters overhead shining a spotlight on the ground below. Hundreds of; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Spring 1994 Comment THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF LARGE SCALE POLICE TACTICS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RIGHT OF INTRASTATE TRAVEL Jonathan Hangartner... |
1994 |
Yes |
| David Rudovsky |
The Impact of the War on Drugs on Procedural Fairness and Racial Equality |
1994 University of Chicago Legal Forum 237 (1994) |
Twelve years ago, President Reagan declared yet another War on Drugs. Today, after the expenditure of billions of dollars on a policy built primarily on the coercion and punishment of drug distributors and users, the War on Drugs has failed to reduce significantly, much less eliminate, drugs as a problem in our society. There have been scattered... |
1994 |
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