| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | key Terms in Title |
| Debra Baker |
Backdraft |
86-APR ABA Journal 48 (April, 2000) |
When Robert Demmons first joined the San Francisco Fire Department, his command officer made no secret about his feelings toward Demmons and other minority recruits. The courts got you in, but they won't get you through training, Demmons recalls the officer saying. I was in the Marines, and I felt more pressure going through [fire department; Search Snippet: ...Old Federal Consent Decrees Requiring Affirmative Action in Fire and Police Departments. Now Some Fear State and Local Agencies May Put... |
2000 |
|
| Terry Carter |
Cops in the Crossfire |
86-OCT ABA Journal 58 (October, 2000) |
In the early morning hours of Oct. 1, 1998, 19-year-old Donta Dawson stopped his car in the middle of a street beneath an overpass in North Philadelphia. With the engine running and the lights on, he may have been in a zombie-like trance. An autopsy later would show traces of marijuana and the powerful hallucinogen PCP in his system. Within minutes; Search Snippet: ...58 ABA JOURNAL ABA Journal October, 2000 Feature Criminal Justice COPS IN THE CROSSFIRE A Little-Used Statute Puts White Police Officers Involved in Violent Incidents with Blacks Under the Gun... |
2000 |
|
| Sarah E. Waldeck |
Cops, Community Policing, and the Social Norms Approach to Crime Control: Should One Make Us More Comfortable with the Others? |
34 Georgia Law Review 1253 (Spring, 2000) |
As the everyday world hears more about community policing, which most cities claim to practice to some extent, the legal academy considers the relationship between social norms and crime control. Community policing and social norms theory are connected, at least insofar as both attempt to address concerns like those expressed by a citizen who... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Ana Joanes |
Does the New York City Police Department Deserve Credit for the Decline in New York City's Homicide Rates? A Cross-city Comparison of Policing Strategies and Homicide Rates |
33 Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 265 (Spring, 2000) |
When asked why crime rates fluctuate, one criminal law expert admits that [t]he honest answer is that no one knows. Despite the truth of this answer, one finds few reflections of its wisdom when reviewing media coverage of the decline in New York City's crime rate during the mid-1990s. The story seems almost too good to be true. As New York City... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Adero S. Jernigan |
Driving While Black: Racial Profiling in America |
24 Law & Psychology Review 127 (Spring, 2000) |
A Carmel, Indiana police officer stopped Sergeant David Smith of the Indiana State Police while Smith was driving an unmarked vehicle. Smith said the Carmel police officer stopped him simply because he was black. The officer stated he stopped Smith because Smith made an illegal turn. Similarly, a San Diego Sheriff's Deputy handcuffed and detained... |
2000 |
|
| Lisa Walter |
Eradicating Racial Stereotyping from Terry Stops: the Case for an Equal Protection Exclusionary Rule |
71 University of Colorado Law Review 255 (Winter 2000) |
Late one night on a lonely stretch of highway in Texas's Panola County, a state trooper passed a minivan with four African-American occupants and out-of-state license plates. The trooper sped ahead of the van, pulled over on the shoulder beyond the crest of a hill, and turned off his lights. When the van suddenly came upon the police car, the... |
2000 |
|
| Jenny Rivera |
Extra! Extra! Read All about It: What a Plaintiff "Knows or Should Know" Based on Officials' Statements and Media Coverage of Police Misconduct for Notice of a § 1983 Municipal Liability Claim |
28 Fordham Urban Law Journal 505 (December, 2000) |
Although the plaintiff's § 1983 claim is a strong one . . . [the plaintiff's] failure to file within the limitations period cannot be excused. The [plaintiff's] cause of action is therefore dismissed as to the municipal defendants. * * * *[W]hen commencing a [police misconduct suit] neither the plaintiff nor [the plaintiff's] attorney is likely to... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Elizabeth Rogers |
Fear of Driving |
86-JUL ABA Journal 94 (July, 2000) |
Congress is considering legislation supported by the aba to require data collection to determine the extent of racial profiling by police officers during routine traffic stops. Race-based traffic stops turn driving, one of our most ordinary and fundamentally American activities, into an experience fraught with danger and risk for people of color,... |
2000 |
|
| Lawrence Rosenthal |
Gang Loitering and Race |
91 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 99 (Fall 2000) |
When the United States Supreme Court held in City of Chicago v. Morales that Chicago's anti-gang loitering ordinance--authorizing the police to disperse groups of loiterers containing criminal street gang members -was unconstitutionally vague, Harvey Grossman, the attorney who had argued the case for the winning side, called the decision a victory... |
2000 |
|
| Angela P. Harris |
Gender, Violence, Race, and Criminal Justice |
52 Stanford Law Review 777 (April, 2000) |
This essay examines the connection between violence and masculinity that leads men to appoint themselves the protectors of racialized communities and that constitutes its own interracial brotherhood linking lawbreakers and law enforcers. Feminists are familiar with the concept of gender violence, but this term is usually used to denote violence... |
2000 |
|
| Benjamin B. Tucker |
How Do We Reduce Crime and Preserve Human Decency? The Role of Leadership in Policing for a Democratic Society |
28 Fordham Urban Law Journal 601 (December, 2000) |
The issue of crime reduction and prevention has been on the social, political, and economic agenda of modern America for more than a century. During the final quarter of the twentieth century, a new cadre of well-educated and forward-thinking police leaders implemented innovative approaches to crime and other problems affecting the quality of life... |
2000 |
Yes |
| |
Law and Disorder: Is Effective Law Enforcement Inconsistent with Good Police-community Relations? |
28 Fordham Urban Law Journal 363 (December, 2000) |
William J. Bratton Johnnie L. Cochran Jr. former Commissioner Partner New York City Police Department Cochran, Cherry, Givens, Smith & Sistrunk, P. C. Andrew G. Celli Jr. Loretta E. Lynch Chief, Civil Rights Bureau United States Attorney for the Office of the New York State Eastern District of New York Attorney General Paul Chevigny Michael Meyers... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Judith Berkan |
Mano Dura - Official Police Department Bias Takes a Hit |
69 Revista Juridica Universidad de Puerto Rico 1267 (2000) |
We can't have hybrids on the Police Force; we need real men and women. So stated the head of the Frente Unido de Policías Organizados, one of the principal associations grouping police officers in Puerto Rico. We can't have mano dura against crime if we have officers with limp hands. Such was the expression of the Superintendent of Police, as; Search Snippet: ...Puerto Rico 2000 Discrimen Por Orientación Sexual MANO DURA OFFICIAL POLICE DEPARTMENT BIAS TAKES A HIT Judith Berkan [FNa1] Copyright ©... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Samuel Walker ;, Carol Archbold |
Mediating Citizen Complaints Against the Police: an Exploratory Study |
2000 Journal of Dispute Resolution 231 (2000) |
Conspicuously absent from the alternative dispute resolution movement is the mediation of citizen complaints against the police. While mediation has become a significant factor in the areas of divorce, employee grievances, intergroup disputes, small commercial claims, and other areas of the law including criminal law, it is very insignificant with... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Mark D. Rosenbaum ; Daniel P. Tokaji |
No Equal Justice: Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System. By David Cole. New York: the New Press. 1999. Pp. Ix, 218. $25. |
98 Michigan Law Review 1941 (May, 2000) |
That justice is a blind goddess Is a thing to which we black are wise. Her bandage hides two festering sores That once perhaps were eyes. It ain't no secret, Ain't no secret my friend, You can get killed just for living In your American skin. Once again, issues of race, ethnicity, and class within our criminal justice system have been thrust into... |
2000 |
|
| Abraham Abramovsky , Jonathan I. Edelstein |
Pretext Stops and Racial Profiling after Whren V. United States: the New York and New Jersey Responses Compared |
63 Albany Law Review 725 (2000) |
In the last two years of the twentieth century, the practice of racial profiling--targeting individuals for police investigation based on their race alone--came to the forefront of public consciousness in New York and New Jersey. In New Jersey, the foundations of law enforcement were shaken in 1999 after state police commanders admitted to using... |
2000 |
|
| Leigh Drake and Richard Simper , Department of Economics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, England |
Productivity Estimation and the Size-efficiency Relationship in English and Welsh Police Forces an Application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Multiple Discriminant Analysis |
20 International Review of Law & Economics 53 (March, 2000) |
This article utilizes data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate the productivity of the English and Welsh police forces and to determine whether there are categorical scale effects in policing using multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). The article demonstrates that by using DEA efficiency results it is possible to make inferences about the; Search Snippet: ...ESTIMATION AND THE SIZE-EFFICIENCY RELATIONSHIP IN ENGLISH AND WELSH POLICE FORCES AN APPLICATION OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS AND MULTIPLE DISCRIMINANT... |
2000 |
Yes |
| John V. Jacobi |
Prosecuting Police Misconduct |
2000 Wisconsin Law Review 789 (2000) |
The police and the people of some American communities are at war. Although the majority of officers perform their difficult duties without brutalizing the people they serve, police too frequently attack, beat and kill civilians. The phenomena of police misconduct and civilian distrust can be traced in large part to a cycle of impunity, by which... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Tovah Renee Calderón |
Race-based Policing from Terry to Wardlow: Steps down the Totalitarian Path |
44 Howard Law Journal 73 (Fall 2000) |
[I]f the individual is no longer to be sovereign, if the police can pick him up whenever they do not like the cut of his jib, if they can seize and search him in their discretion, we enter a new regime. The decision to enter it should be made only after a full debate by the people of this country. Over a twenty year period beginning in 1972,... |
2000 |
Yes |
| |
Race–based Transfers of Police Officers |
6 CITYLAW 137 (November/December, 2000) |
Transfers of police personnel following Louima incident. After the brutal beating and sexual torture of Haitian national Abner Louima at the 70th Precinct in Brooklyn, the precinct endured numerous large and angry protests. To allay community hostility, NYPD conspicuously transferred 38 Black and Hispanic officers and supervisors to the 70th; Search Snippet: ...November/December, 2000 Public Employees Personnel Transfers RACE BASED TRANSFERS OF POLICE OFFICERS Copyright (c) 2000 by Center for New York City... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Rhoda J. Yen |
Racial Stereotyping of Asians and Asian Americans and its Effect on Criminal Justice: a Reflection on the Wayne Lo Case |
7 Asian Law Journal L.J. 1 (December, 2000) |
On December 14, 1992, 19-year-old Wayne Lo stormed the campus of Simon's Rock College of Bard, an elite private institution for gifted students, and began a twenty-minute shooting spree that left two people dead and four wounded. In the past seven years, I have followed the news coverage of the Wayne Lo case with increasing interest, not only... |
2000 |
|
| Ronald Weitzer |
Racialized Policing: Residents' Perceptions in Three Neighborhoods |
34 Law and Society Review 129 (2000) |
One of the most controversial issues in policing concerns allegations of racial bias. This article examines citizens' perceptions of racialized policing in three neighborhoods in Washington, D.C., that vary by racial composition and class position: a middle-class white community, a middle-class black community, and a lower-class black community.... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Jessica A. Rose |
Rebellious or Regnant: Police Brutality Lawyering in New York City |
28 Fordham Urban Law Journal 619 (December, 2000) |
C'mon it's no great news: Means do prefigure ends. What might a rebellious law office look like? Turn loose your imagination for just a moment. This Comment presents this challenge to lawyers confronting the problem of police brutality in New York City. This Comment suggests that in order to challenge police brutality on a systemic level, while... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Delores D. Jones-Brown |
Should Racial Profiling Be a Crime? |
203-JUN New Jersey Lawyer, the Magazine 51 (June, 2000) |
The use of racial/ethnic profiles by governmental agents is a violation of the 14th amendment to the United States Constitution and Article 1, paragraphs 1 and 5 of the current constitution for the state of New Jersey. Given this fact, the question Should racial profiling be a crime? is somewhat redundant, since such practices clearly deny... |
2000 |
|
| Jeffrey Fagan and Garth Davies |
Street Stops and Broken Windows: Terry, Race, and Disorder in New York City |
28 Fordham Urban Law Journal 457 (December, 2000) |
Patterns of stop and frisk activity by police across New York City neighborhoods reflect competing theories of aggressive policing. Broken Windows theory suggest that neighborhoods with greater concentration of physical and social disorder should evidence higher stop and frisk activity, especially for quality of life crimes. However, although... |
2000 |
|
| Kevin Brown |
The Constitutionality of Racial Classifications in Public School Admissions |
29 Hofstra Law Review Rev. 1 (Fall 2000) |
Driven by federal court decrees, political beliefs that an integrated society was a better one, and educational policy decisions fostering multiculturalism, many public elementary and secondary schools instituted voluntary measures to produce integrated student bodies. State or local school officials take account of race and ethnicity in order to... |
2000 |
|
| Glenn H. Reynolds , David B. Kopel |
The Evolving Police Power: Some Observations for a New Century |
27 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 511 (Spring 2000) |
The conventional wisdom about the scope of state police powers goes like this: in the early days of the Republic, state regulation was limited by the common law principle of sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas (you should use what is yours so as not to harm what is others'), implying that legitimate regulation existed only to prevent concrete harm; Search Snippet: ...QUARTERLY Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly Spring 2000 Article THE EVOLVING POLICE POWER: SOME OBSERVATIONS FOR A NEW CENTURY Glenn H. Reynolds... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Jennifer E. Koepke |
The Failure to Breach the Blue Wall of Silence: the Circling of the Wagons to Protect Police Perjury |
39 Washburn Law Journal 211 (Winter 2000) |
I. Introduction. 211 II. Historical Background. 219 A. Police Brutality........ 219 B. Police Perjury. 221 III. Federal Statutes. 223 A. 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 224 B. 42 U.S.C. § 14141. 226 IV. Factors Affecting the Officer-Civilian Relationship. 228 A. Trust. 228 B. The Police Officer's Perspective. 232 V. Recommendations. 235 A. The Admissibility of... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Philip B. Heymann |
The New Policing |
28 Fordham Urban Law Journal 407 (December, 2000) |
The purpose of this article is to examine a remarkable development in law enforcement: the exploration of new forms of policing by combinations of police leaders and academics. This examination focuses on three major cities--New York, Chicago, and Boston--that have developed three different combinations of problem-solving and new forms of... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Stanley Z. Fisher |
The Prosecutor's Ethical Duty to Seek Exculpatory Evidence in Police Hands: Lessons from England |
68 Fordham Law Review 1379 (April, 2000) |
In Kyles v. Whitley, a divided Supreme Court reversed defendant's capital murder conviction because prosecutors, who had responded to a pretrial defense motion for disclosure by saying that there was no exculpatory evidence of any nature, had in fact failed to disclose numerous pieces of exculpatory evidence to the defense. The Court found that; Search Snippet: ...Article THE PROSECUTOR'S ETHICAL DUTY TO SEEK EXCULPATORY EVIDENCE IN POLICE HANDS: LESSONS FROM ENGLAND Stanley Z. Fisher [FNa1] Copyright ©... |
2000 |
Yes |
| MaryAnn Fenicato , For The Lawyers Journal |
Third Circuit Affirms Reverse Racial Discrimination |
2 No. 2 Lawyers Journal J. 1 (January 28, 2000) |
On October 14, 1999 the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed a jury verdict entered by District Judge Cohill which granted redress to nine white male police officers who suffered reverse racial discrimination pursuant to the prior Pittsburgh police hiring policies. Hopp v. City of Pgh., et al., Nos. 98-3411, 98-3427, 1999... |
2000 |
|
| MaryAnn Fenicato , For The Lawyers Journal |
Third Circuit Affirms Reverse Racial Discrimination |
2 No. 2 Lawyers Journal 1 (January 28, 2000) |
On October 14, 1999 the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed a jury verdict entered by District Judge Cohill which granted redress to nine white male police officers who suffered reverse racial discrimination pursuant to the prior Pittsburgh police hiring policies. Hopp v. City of Pgh., et al., Nos. 98-3411, 98-3427, 1999; Search Snippet: ...28, 2000 THIRD CIRCUIT AFFIRMS REVERSE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION Prior Pittsburgh Police Hiring Policies Unfair MaryAnn Fenicato [FNa1] For The Lawyers Journal... |
2000 |
|
| Susan T. Peterson |
Torts--official Immunity Survives for Iied Police Misconduct: but Should It? Kelly V. City of Minneapolis, 598 N.w.2d 657 (Minn. 1999) |
27 William Mitchell Law Review 1433 (2000) |
I. Introduction. 1433 II. History. 1434 A. Police Misconduct. 1434 B. Official Immunity. 1438 C. Intentional Infliction Of Emotional Distress (IIED). 1441 III. The Kelly Decision. 1443 A. The Facts. 1443 B. The Court's Analysis. 1445 IV. Analysis. 1446 A. The Majority Opinion. 1446 B. The Dissenting Opinion. 1449 V. Conclusion. 1454 |
2000 |
Yes |
| Jeffrey Ghannam |
Trafficking in Color |
86-MAY ABA Journal 18 (May, 2000) |
Some defendants claim state troopers stopped them on the New Jersey Turnpike because they are African-American. Others say they were pulled over for being Hispanic. It is a familiar refrain that is striking an unusual legal chord in New Jersey following an admission last year by the state attorney general that state police sometimes use racial... |
2000 |
|
| Erik Luna |
Transparent Policing |
85 Iowa Law Review 1107 (May, 2000) |
Introduction. 1108 I. Democracy and Criminal Justice. 1121 A. Majoritarianism, Countermajoritarianism, and Constitutional Theory. 1122 B. Populism and Progressivism in Criminal Justice. 1126 C. Common Ground: Criminal Justice Information. 1130 II. Discretion and Secret Law. 1131 A. Defining Discretion. 1132 B. Criminal Justice Discretion in the... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Bennett L. Gershman |
Use of Race in "Stop-and-frisk": Stereotypical Beliefs Linger, but How Far Can the Police Go? |
72-APR New York State Bar Journal 42 (March/April, 2000) |
The power of police to detain persons for a brief period to investigate suspected criminal activity--commonly known as stop-and-frisk--has always been one of the most contentious issues in law enforcement. Although there is general consensus that street stops are an important weapon in crime prevention, the belief has always existed that... |
2000 |
Yes |
| Wesley MacNeil Oliver |
With an Evil Eye and an Unequal Hand: Pretextual Stops and Doctrinal Remedies to Racial Profiling |
74 Tulane Law Review 1409 (March, 2000) |
The United States Department of Justice recently entered into a consent decree with the New Jersey State Police to bring an end to racial profiling. The decree requires the state police to develop a race-neutral protocol to determine how traffic offenders are to be selected from the universe of petty perpetrators and to warn motorists of their... |
2000 |
|
| Dawn V. Martin |
911: How Will Police and Fire Departments Respond to Public Safety Needs and the Americans with Disabilities Act? |
2 NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 37 (1998-1999) |
I. Introduction. 39 A. The ADA Dilemma. 39 B. Rehabilitation Act Coverage of Police and Fire Departments. 44 C. Survey of Police and Fire Department Cases Involving Disabilities. 46 1. ADA Cases. 46 2. Rehabilitation Act Cases. 50 3. State Equal Employment Law Cases. 51 4. How Can the Cases Be Reconciled?. 53 II. Overview of the Americans with... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Steve Russell , University of Texas |
A Black and White Issue: the Invisibility of American Indians in Racial Policy Discourse |
4 Georgetown Public Policy Review 129 (Spring, 1999) |
The President's Initiative on Race concluded little about American Indians, except that they are in dire circumstances. This article describes those circumstances and the difficulties that face policymakers in addressing Indian problems. Indians grappling with issues of economic development, education and internal democracy find themselves in a... |
1999 |
|
| Reginald T. Shuford |
Any Way You Slice It: Why Racial Profiling Is Wrong |
18 Saint Louis University Public Law Review 371 (1999) |
It has been said that in life but two things are certain: death and taxes. If you are a young African-American or Latino male, however, there is an additional certainty: At some point during your lifetime, you will be harassed by the police. Racially motivated police harassment, vis-a-vis racial profiling, is as American as baseball and apple pie.... |
1999 |
|
| William D. McColl II |
Blue Vs. Black: Let's End the Conflict Between Cops and Minorities |
9 Boston University Public Interest Law Journal 161 (Fall, 1999) |
Blue vs. Black is John Burris's personal, although not quite autobiographical, account of law practiced between the police and the Black community. It is not, however, the story of litigation so much as it is a from-the-trenches report about relations between Black people and police in California and around the nation. Burris, a civil rights lawyer; Search Snippet: ...Book Review BLUE VS. BLACK: LET'S END THE CONFLICT BETWEEN COPS AND MINORITIES John L. Burris with Catherine Whitney St. Martin's... |
1999 |
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| Abbe Smith |
Burdening the Least of Us: "Race-conscious" Ethics in Criminal Defense |
77 Texas Law Review 1585 (May, 1999) |
At the risk of sounding like an advocate who is engaged in a practical vocation of limited jurisprudential respectability, is hostile to theory, cares more about outcomes than anything else, and otherwise has a crabbed notion of criminal defense lawyering, when I read Anthony Alfieri's recent work on race-conscious ethics in criminal law... |
1999 |
|
| Tara L. Senkel |
Civilians Often Need Protection from the Police: Let's Handcuff Police Brutality |
15 New York Law School Journal of Human Rights 385 (Winter, 1999) |
The most effective way to deter police brutality, like the alleged assault on Haitian immigrant Abner Louima, is for city officials to repeatedly remind its 38,000 police officers that unnecessary violence will not be tolerated Delivering a message is very important What you try to do is set the proper tone and to make it clear that actions... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Robert V. Ward Jr. |
Consensual Searches, the Fairytale That Became a Nightmare: Fargo Lessons Concerning Police Initiated Encounters |
15 Touro Law Review 451 (Winter, 1999) |
Chief Gunderson: Mr. Londegaard, sorry to bother you again. Can I come in? Mr. Londegaard: Yeah, no, I'm kind of, I'm kind of busy. Gunderson: I understand, I will keep it real short then. I am on my way out of town, but I was wondering, do you mind if I sit down? I am carrying a bit of a load here. Londegaard: No. I. Gunderson: Yeah,; Search Snippet: ...SEARCHES, THE FAIRYTALE THAT BECAME A NIGHTMARE: FARGO LESSONS CONCERNING POLICE INITIATED ENCOUNTERS Robert V. Ward Jr. [FNbbb1] [FNbb1] Copyright ©... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Carolyn Wolpert |
Considering Race and Crime: Distilling Non-partisan Policy from Opposing Theories |
36 American Criminal Law Review 265 (Spring 1999) |
I. Introduction. 265 II. Opposing Theoretical Arguments. 268 A. Critical Race Theory. 268 B. Neo-Conservative Theorists on Race and Crime. 271 C. Traditional Liberal and Conservative Arguments. 274 III. Criminology and Sociology. 276 IV. The Distillation of Policy. 280 A. De-emphasizing Race. 281 B. Recognizing the Non-Mutually Exclusive Nature of... |
1999 |
|
| AndrÉ G. Travieso |
Employee Free Speech Rights in the Workplace: Balancing the First Amendment Against Racist Speech by Police Officers |
51 Rutgers Law Review 1377 (Summer, 1999) |
Debates have long raged on the extent to which state governments as employers are entitled to limit the constitutional rights to the freedom of speech and expression of their public employees. Although the issue had been considered by the courts, it was not the subject of much debate until a recent incident in New York City involving a police... |
1999 |
Yes |
| DOROTHY E. ROBERTS |
Foreword: Race, Vagueness, and the Social Meaning of Order-maintenance Policing |
89 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 775 (Spring 1999) |
In June, 1992, the Chicago City Council passed a loitering ordinance that gave police officers exceptionally broad power to disperse any group of two or more people standing in public if the police suspect that the group includes a gang member. Any person who does not promptly obey an order to disperse is subject to arrest and six months in prison.... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Debra Livingston |
Gang Loitering, the Court, and Some Realism about Police Patrol |
1999 Supreme Court Review 141 (1999) |
When the Supreme Court voted to review the decision of the Illinois Supreme Court holding Chicago's gang loitering ordinance invalid on federal constitutional grounds, it seemed plausible that City of Chicago v Morales would be the occasion for a major statement from the Court on a set of complex issuesissues including not only the nature of the... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Andrew J. McClurg |
Good Cop, Bad Cop: Using Cognitive Dissonance Theory to Reduce Police Lying |
32 U.C. Davis Law Review 389 (Winter, 1999) |
Introduction. 391 I. The Disheartening Truth About Police Lying. 396 A. The Violated Fourth Amendment. 398 B. The Tainted Judiciary. 403 1. Why Judges Choose to Believe Cops. 403 2. Find the Cost of Freedom: United States v. Bayless. 406 II. Why Honorable, Moral Police Officers Lie: The End Justifies the Means. 411 A. The Temptation of Ends-Means... |
1999 |
Yes |
| Satoru Morizane |
Initial Encounters Between Police and Citizens: a Comparative Study of the United States and Japan |
13 Emory International Law Review 561 (Fall 1999) |
A police officer, while on his beat, observes a person who is nervously looking inside one parked car after another. Based on his experience as a police officer, he naturally suspects that the person is looking for a chance to steal a car or something inside one. What should the officer do in this situation? Of course, he should make some inquiries; Search Snippet: ...Emory International Law Review Fall 1999 Article INITIAL ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN POLICE AND CITIZENS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE UNITED STATES AND... |
1999 |
Yes |