AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearkey Terms in Title
Blanche Bong Cook SOMETHING ROTS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND IT'S THE SEARCH WARRANT: THE BREONNA TAYLOR CASE 102 Boston University Law Review 1 (February, 2022) When police rammed the door of Breonna Taylor's home and shot her five times in a hail of thirty-two bullets, they lacked legal justification for being there. The affidavit supporting the warrant was perjurious, stale, vague, and lacking in particularity. The killing of Breonna Taylor, however, is not just a story about the illegality of the... 2022  
Emily Behzadi STATUES OF FRAUD: CONFEDERATE MONUMENTS AS PUBLIC NUISANCES 18 Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties 1 (February, 2022) The deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and countless other African Americans have ignited a new wave of social activism throughout the United States. Notwithstanding the existence of one of the most infectious diseases of the twenty-first century, racist and unrestrained police violence continues to plague American society. The unprecedented... 2022  
Carly Margolis TARGETING POLICE UNIONS, RETHINKING REFORM 46 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 224 (2022) Police unions are a powerful obstacle to reform and abolition movements alike. This article tracks the (re)emergence of a political strategy targeting police unions as a site of police reform and abolition amid the summer 2020 uprising. It takes Washington, D.C.'s Defund MPD (Metropolitan Police Department) movement as a case study on the... 2022 Yes
Andrew Scherer THE CASE AGAINST SUMMARY EVICTION PROCEEDINGS: PROCESS AS RACISM AND OPPRESSION 53 Seton Hall Law Review 1 (2022) The Right to counsel in evictions helps level the playing field, but it's time to revise the rules of the game. Civil government, so far as it is instituted for the security of property, is in reality instituted for the defense of the rich against the poor, or of those who have some property against those who have none at all. --Adam Smith... 2022  
Shannon Malone Gonzalez , Samantha J. Simon , Katie Kaufman Rogers THE DIVERSITY OFFICER: POLICE OFFICERS' AND BLACK WOMEN CIVILIANS' EPISTEMOLOGIES OF RACE AND RACISM IN POLICING 56 Law and Society Review 477 (September, 2022) Diversifying police forces has been suggested to improve police-minority relations amidst national uprisings against police violence. Yet, little research investigates how police and black civilians--two groups invoked in discourse on police-minority relations--understand the function of diversity interventions. We draw on 100 in-depth... 2022 Yes
Robert J. Sampson , Brian L. Levy THE ENDURING NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECT, EVERYDAY URBAN MOBILITY, AND VIOLENCE IN CHICAGO 89 University of Chicago Law Review 323 (March, 2022) A longstanding tradition of research linking neighborhood disadvantage to higher rates of violence is based on the characteristics of where people reside. This Essay argues that we need to look beyond residential neighborhoods to consider flows of movement throughout the wider metropolis. Our basic premise is that a neighborhood's well-being... 2022  
Valentina Azarova , Amanda Danson Brown , Itamar Mann THE ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCE OF MIGRANTS 40 Boston University International Law Journal 133 (Spring, 2022) The international legal prohibition of enforced disappearances first developed in the context of authoritarianism. In particular, throughout the second half of the 20th century, several Latin American governments used state agents and non-state actors to disappear political opponents and other identity groups. Today, advocates and scholars are... 2022  
Nadia Marzouki, Tenured Research Fellow, CNRS-CERI/Sciences Po, Paris THE GREAT, GRAY CITY OF LIGHT 37 Journal of Law and Religion 252 (May, 2022) This essay analyzes one of James Baldwin's least commented-upon essays, Equal in Paris, through the lens of current debates about transatlantic differences regarding race, equality, and citizenship. In his essay, Baldwin narrates how he was imprisoned in Paris for several days a year after his arrival in France. Baldwin constructs his essay not... 2022  
Cynthia Godsoe THE PLACE OF THE PROSECUTOR IN ABOLITIONIST PRAXIS 69 UCLA Law Review 164 (March, 2022) Progressive prosecutors have been widely hailed as the solution to mass incarceration. This Article argues, to the contrary, that the legal arm of law enforcement can never be the full answer to its problems. While scholars critique police and call to defund and dismantle them, they overlook prosecutors. Building on the work of abolitionist... 2022  
John Whitlow THE REAL ESTATE STATE AND GROUP-DIFFERENTIATED VULNERABILITY TO PREMATURE DEATH: EXPLORING THE POLITICAL-ECONOMIC ROOTS OF COVID-19'S RACIALLY DISPARATE DEADLINESS IN NEW YORK CITY IN THE SPRING OF 2020 35 Journal of Civil Rights & Economic Development 245 (Spring, 2022) Tell me how you die and I will tell you who you are. [I]n our time all politics is about real estate; and this from the loftiest statecraft to the most petty maneuvering around local advantage. In May 2020, after several bleak months in which Covid-19 took the lives of thousands of New York City's most vulnerable residents, a vigil was held in... 2022  
Todd J. Clark , Caleb Gregory Conrad , André Douglas Pond Cummings , Amy Dunn Johnson TRAUMA: COMMUNITY OF COLOR EXPOSURE TO THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AS AN ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE 90 University of Cincinnati Law Review 857 (2022) The reality that traumatic childhood experiences are directly linked to negative health outcomes has been known and widely recognized in public health and clinical literature for more than two decades. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) represent the single greatest unaddressed public health threat facing our nation today according to Dr.... 2022  
Teri Dobbins Baxter TRAUMATIC JUSTICE 56 University of Richmond Law Review 331 (Winter, 2022) In the recent past, allegations of police misconduct have periodically led to widespread community protests, but usually only when the incident is sufficiently high-profile and the harm is severe, such as when a police officer beats or kills an unarmed Black person. More often the spotlight and outrage have faded quickly, as victims were... 2022  
Ann E. Tweedy TRIBES, FIREARM REGULATION, AND THE PUBLIC SQUARE 55 U.C. Davis Law Review 2625 (June, 2022) We stand at a crossroads with the United States Supreme Court seemingly poised, in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen, to expand the right of individualized self-defense first recognized in District of Columbia v. Heller, and shortly thereafter extended to states in McDonald v. City of Chicago. The Court's decision in Heller has... 2022  
Dana Khabbaz UNMANNED STAKEOUTS: POLE-CAMERA SURVEILLANCE AND PRIVACY AFTER THE TUGGLE CERT DENIAL 132 Yale Law Journal Forum 105 (10/10/2022) abstract. This Essay analyzes the implications of the Supreme Court's denial of certiorari in Tuggle v. United States, a Seventh Circuit opinion upholding law enforcement's warrantless, eighteen-month pole-camera surveillance of a criminal suspect's home. By declining to take up the case, the Supreme Court missed an opportunity to update its... 2022  
L. Joe Dunman WARRANT NULLIFICATION 124 West Virginia Law Review 479 (Winter, 2022) Police officers execute thousands of search warrants in the United States every year, often looking for drugs in people's homes. Many search warrants are executed by militarized dynamic entry teams who violently conduct raids late at night with little or no warning, guns drawn. These raids have killed and injured hundreds of people... 2022  
Alexandra L. Raleigh WE CAN'T BREATHE: REIMAGINING EQUAL PROTECTION AS A COLLECTIVE RIGHT 72 Case Western Reserve Law Review 785 (Spring, 2022) George Floyd couldn't breathe. We can't either. We live in fear. Fear of walking outside. Wearing a hoodie. Going for a jog. Sleeping in our own home. Existing. Every day, a new hashtag. Every hour, a new injustice. Every second, more pain. We don't deserve to live like this--and we continue to fight until white supremacy no longer permeates every... 2022  
Aziz Z. Huq WHAT WE ASK OF LAW 132 Yale Law Journal 487 (November, 2022) A minimal, reasonably uncontroversial demand of any legal system is that it should stabilize a polity against both the chance hazards of ordinary violence and sudden blows of extraordinary, destabilizing misfortune. Law in the contemporary United States, though, has not so far abated the lethal toll of violent crime, the serial mass shootings of... 2022  
Elena Baylis WHITE SUPREMACY, POLICE BRUTALITY, AND FAMILY SEPARATION: PREVENTING CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY WITHIN THE UNITED STATES 2022 University of Illinois Law Review 1475 (2022) The United States tends to treat crimes against humanity as a danger that exists only in authoritarian or war-torn states, but in fact, there is a real risk of crimes against humanity occurring within the United States. This risk is illustrated by well-known events such as systemic police brutality against Black Americans, the federal family... 2022 Yes
Vida B. Johnson WHITE SUPREMACY'S POLICE SIEGE ON THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL 87 Brooklyn Law Review 557 (Winter, 2022) The attack that took place at the nation's Capitol on January 6, 2021, has proven that white supremacy and far-right extremism in policing are some of our country's most dangerous problems. I have previously written about the crisis of white supremacists in law enforcement, and I am not alone. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has issued... 2022 Yes
Tiffany Yang "SEND FREEDOM HOUSE!": A STUDY IN POLICE ABOLITION 96 Washington Law Review 1067 (October, 2021) Sparked by the police killings of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, the 2020 uprisings accelerated a momentum of abolitionist organizing that demands the defunding and dismantling of policing infrastructures. Although a growing body of legal scholarship recognizes abolitionist frameworks when examining conventional proposals for reform,... 2021 Yes
Portia Pedro A PRELUDE TO A CRITICAL RACE THEORETICAL ACCOUNT OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 107 Virginia Law Review Online 143 (June, 2021) In this Essay, I examine the lack of scholarly attention given to the role of civil procedure in racial subordination. I posit that a dearth of critical thought interrogating the connections between procedure and the subjugation of marginalized peoples might be due to the limited experiences of procedural scholars; a misconception that procedural... 2021  
Alexis Hoag ABOLITION AS THE SOLUTION: REDRESS FOR VICTIMS OF EXCESSIVE POLICE FORCE 48 Fordham Urban Law Journal 721 (March, 2021) Introduction. 721 I. An Attempt at Redress: The Civil Rights Act of 1866. 726 II. Reconstruction Redux: 18 U.S.C. § 242. 730 III. Abolitionist Framework. 735 IV. Abolitionist Solutions. 738 A. Reparations. 739 B. Divest and Reinvest. 741 Conclusion. 742 2021 Yes
Lisa Kelly ABOLITION OR REFORM: CONFRONTING THE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN "CHILD WELFARE" AND THE CARCERAL STATE 17 Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties 255 (June, 2021) The child welfare system and the carceral state are engaged in a symbiotic relationship that shares many of the same hallmarks of surveillance, violence, and control of Black people. Just as police have been shown to inflict violence on Black people in the name of community safety, so too child welfare inflicts deep and lasting harms,... 2021  
Rachel Foran, Mariame Kaba, Katy Naples-Mitchell ABOLITIONIST PRINCIPLES FOR PROSECUTOR ORGANIZING: ORIGINS AND NEXT STEPS 16 Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties 496 (2021) L1-2Introduction . L3496 I. History & Recent Roots Of Progressive Prosecution. 506 II. Abolition, Not Reform. 517 III. What Do We Believe?. 518 A. Abolitionist Principles for Prosecutor Organizing. 519 IV. Abolitionist Organizing Strategies Focused on the Prosecuting Office. 520 A. Baseline tactics. 521 B. Strategies focused on the prosecuting... 2021  
Dr. Mary L. Milano , Kenya A. Jenkins-Wright ADDRESSING RACIAL INEQUALITY 109 Illinois Bar Journal 40 (February, 2021) An Illinois State Bar Association initiative; a nationwide imperative. ON MAY 25, 2020, GEORGE FLOYD, a black man, was killed by members of the Minneapolis Police Department. America watched in collective disbelief and outrage as video footage showed Floyd trying to breathe and crying for help for eight minutes and 46 seconds. His crime, if any,... 2021  
Henry F. Fradella , Weston J. Morrow , Michael D. White AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RACIAL/ETHNIC AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN NYPD STOP-AND-FRISK PRACTICES 21 Nevada Law Journal 1151 (Spring, 2021) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 1152 I. Stop-and-Frisk Authority. 1155 II. Stop-and-Frisk and the Undercurrent of Racial Injustice. 1160 A. Racial Issues in Terry v. Ohio. 1160 B. Racial Issues Throughout American Policing. 1161 III. Stop-and-Frisk and the NYPD. 1165 A. Crime, Disorder, and Broken Windows. 1165 B. Crime Control Benefits. 1169... 2021  
Stephen Rushin, Griffin Edwards AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRETEXTUAL STOPS AND RACIAL PROFILING 73 Stanford Law Review 637 (March, 2021) This Article empirically illustrates that legal doctrines permitting police officers to engage in pretextual traffic stops may contribute to an increase in racial profiling. In 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court held in Whren v. United States that pretextual traffic stops do not violate the Fourth Amendment. As long as police officers identify... 2021  
Christine Cimini, Doug Smith AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO MOVEMENT LAWYERING: AN IMMIGRANT RIGHTS CASE STUDY 35 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 431 (Winter, 2021) C1-3Table of Contents L1-2Introduction . L3432 I. Literature on Lawyering and Social Change. 442 A. The Critique of Lawyers as Agents for Social Change. 442 B. Newer Models of Social Change Lawyering. 447 II. The Rise and Fall of S-Comm as an Effective Case Study. 454 III. The Immigrant Rights Landscape Prior to S-Comm. 456 A. The Local/National... 2021  
Fred O. Smith Jr. BEYOND QUALIFIED IMMUNITY 119 Michigan Law Review Online 121 (May, 2021) I never watched the video. The descriptions themselves have always felt like enough. Traumatizing enough. Invasive enough. George Floyd, father of two, laying on the ground, as an unfazed officer kneeled on his neck for at least eight minutes and forty-six seconds. He pleaded for his life and cried out to his deceased mother until he met his... 2021  
Zamir Ben-Dan, Rigodis Appling BREAKING THE BACKBONE OF UNLIMITED POWER: THE CASE FOR ABOLISHING ABSOLUTE IMMUNITY FOR PROSECUTORS IN CIVIL RIGHTS LAWSUITS 73 Rutgers University Law Review 1373 (Summer, 2021) There is an abundance of literature on prosecutorial misconduct: the power prosecutors have in the courtroom, the racially discriminatory ways that prosecutors yield that power, the plethora of instances in which they have abused such power, and the gross inadequacies of existing checks on said power. A major reason why prosecutorial misconduct is... 2021  
Jordan Martin BREONNA TAYLOR: TRANSFORMING A HASHTAG INTO DEFUNDING THE POLICE 111 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 995 (Fall, 2021) How can modern policing be reformed to address police violence against Black women when it can occur at no fault of their own and end with a shower of bullets in the middle of the night while within the sanctity of their own home? What is accomplished when her name is said but justice is never achieved? What good does it do when her story is... 2021 Yes
Monika Zalnieriute BURNING BRIDGES: THE AUTOMATED FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC SPACE SURVEILLANCE IN THE MODERN STATE 22 Columbia Science and Technology Law Review 284 (2021) Live automated facial recognition technology, rolled out in public spaces and cities across the world, is transforming the nature of modern policing. R (on the application of Bridges) v Chief Constable of South Wales Police, decided in August 2020, is the first successful legal challenge to automated facial recognition technology in the world. In... 2021  
Sawyer Like BURNING IN THE MELTING POT: AMERICAN POLICING AND THE INTERNAL COLONIZATION OF AFRICAN AMERICANS 22 Rutgers Race & the Law Review 333 (2021) We inherit the belief that the past does not matter - we can start over, we can go beyond the racial thinking that, deep down, nearly every American has known is not a wise way of thinking - the funny and often tragic part being that this anti-historical belief is itself an inheritance from our past. On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46-year-old... 2021 Yes
Trevor George Gardner BY ANY MEANS: A PHILOSOPHICAL FRAME FOR RULEMAKING REFORM IN CRIMINAL LAW 130 Yale Law Journal Forum 798 (March 8, 2021) Equitable crime policy and equity in the process of crime policymaking stand as the two goals most important to criminal-justice reform advocates. It would be a strategic mistake, however, to consider the two of equal importance. Crime-policy reform should be considered the first-order principle of the crime-policy reform movement.... 2021  
Christina Cullen, Olivia Alden, Diana Arroyo, Andy Froelich, Meghan Kasner, Conor Kinney, Anique Aburaad, Rebecca Jacobs, Alexandra Spognardi, Alexandra Kuenzli CHILDREN AND RACIAL INJUSTICE IN THE UNITED STATES: A SELECTIVE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND CALL TO ACTION 41 Children's Legal Rights Journal 1 (2021) For many reasons, 2020 became a year of reckoning for racial injustice. While a strong and deserved focus has been paid to criminal justice and police brutality, the systemic racism that underlies those institutions and many others affects more than just adults. Children are impacted by systemic racism in myriad ways that can be tragic, maddening,... 2021  
Rebecca Brown , Peter Neufeld CHIMES OF FREEDOM FLASHING: FOR EACH UNHARMFUL GENTLE SOUL MISPLACED INSIDE A JAIL 76 New York University Annual Survey of American Law 235 (2021) C1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction. 236 I. Scope of the Problem. 238 II. Foundational Reforms that Reveal Wrongful Convictions. 243 III. Reforms that Prevent Wrongful Convictions. 247 A. Eyewitness Misidentification. 248 1. Initial Reform Efforts. 250 2. Addressing Estimator Variables. 251 3. Where We Want To Go. 253 B. False Confessions. 255 1.... 2021  
Peter C. Douglas CITY OF LOS ANGELES v. LYONS: HOW SUPREME COURT JURISPRUDENCE OF THE PAST PUTS A CHOKEHOLD ON CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IN THE PRESENT 17 Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy 81 (Fall, 2021) The United States today has refocused its attention on its continuing struggles with civil rights and police violence--struggles that have always been present but which come to the forefront of the collective consciousness at inflection points like the current one. George Floyd--and uncounted others--die at the hands of the police, and there is,... 2021  
Shima Baradaran Baughman CRIME AND THE MYTHOLOGY OF POLICE 99 Washington University Law Review 65 (2021) The legal policing literature has espoused one theory of policing after another in an effort to address the frayed relationship between police and the communities they serve. All have aimed to diagnose chronic policing problems in working towards structural police reform. The core principle emanating from these theoretical critiques is that the... 2021 Yes
Marvel L. Faulkner DEAR COURTS: I, TOO, AM A REASONABLE MAN 48 Pepperdine Law Review 223 (January, 2021) There has been an ongoing debate regarding police-on-Black violence since the dawn of the United States police force. At every stage, the criminal justice system has had a monumental impact on the plight of the Black American community. The historical roots of racism within the criminal justice system have had adverse effects on the Black American... 2021  
Jordan Blair Woods DESTABILIZING POLICING'S MASCULINITY PROJECT 89 George Washington Law Review 1527 (December, 2021) In the wake of national calls for police reform and nationwide protests of police killings of unarmed people of color, and unarmed Black men in particular, there is a renewed focus on the relationship between masculinity and police violence. This Article, prepared for a symposium on Addressing the Crisis in Policing Today: Race, Masculinity, and... 2021 Yes
Anthony O'Rourke , Rick Su , Guyora Binder DISBANDING POLICE AGENCIES 121 Columbia Law Review 1327 (May, 2021) Since the killing of George Floyd, a national consensus has emerged that reforms are needed to prevent discriminatory and violent policing. Calls to defund and abolish the police have provoked pushback, but several cities are considering disbanding or reducing their police forces. This Essay assesses disbanding as a reform strategy from a... 2021 Yes
Bianca Velez DO THE POLICE PROTECT AND SERVE ALL PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES?: A SURVEY OF THE PROBLEMS WITHIN MODERN POLICING AND SOLUTIONS TO ENSURE THE POLICE PROTECT AND SERVE US ALL 55 University of San Francisco Law Review 421 (2021) ON MAY 25TH, 2020, MINNEAPOLIS POLICE responded to a call from a convenience store employee alleging that a Black man named George Floyd had made a purchase with a counterfeit twenty-dollar bill. Four police officers subsequently detained Mr. Floyd, and within seventeen minutes of the first squad car arriving at the scene, Mr. Floyd was handcuffed,... 2021 Yes
Connor B. McDermott, Editor in Chief, 2020-2021 EDITOR'S NOTE 25 Lewis & Clark Law Review xi (2021) Modern writing at its worst does not consist in picking out words for the sake of their meaning and inventing images in order to make the meaning clearer. It consists in gumming together long strips of words which have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug. George Orwell Any transition brings... 2021  
Ann C. McGinley ENOUGH! ELIMINATING POLICE ABUSE OF INDIVIDUALS OF COLOR WITH DISABILITIES 21 Nevada Law Journal 1081 (Spring, 2021) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 1082 I. Dis/abled, of Color, and Vulnerable to Police Encounters: Data and Stories. 1084 A. Federal Database--The National Violent Death Reporting System. 1086 B. News Service Databases. 1087 C. Foundation and Advocacy Organization Reports. 1089 II. The Law as Remedy: Constitutional Failures and the ADA. 1093 A.... 2021 Yes
L. Darnell Weeden EXPLORING PROTEST RIGHTS, UNREASONABLE POLICE CONDUCT, AND QUALIFIED IMMUNITY 45 Thurgood Marshall Law Review 167 (Spring, 2021) The issue to be addressed in this Article is whether the right to challenge government authority by means of protesting unreasonable police conduct on public sidewalks, public streets, public parks, or in court litigation is unreasonably restricted by qualified immunity. For example, a person's First Amendment right to protest is violated when a... 2021 Yes
Andrew Guthrie Ferguson FACIAL RECOGNITION AND THE FOURTH AMENDMENT 105 Minnesota Law Review 1105 (February, 2021) Introduction. 1106 I. Facial Recognition Technology. 1109 A. The Technology. 1110 B. Police Use of Facial Recognition Technology. 1115 1. Face Surveillance. 1116 2. Face Identification. 1119 3. Face Tracking. 1122 4. Non-Law Enforcement Purposes. 1124 II. The Fourth Amendment and the Privacy Problem of Facial Recognition. 1126 A. Pre-Digital Face... 2021  
Kate Weisburd FALL 2020 SYMPOSIUM: ADDRESSING THE CRISIS IN POLICING TODAY: RACE, MASCULINITY, AND POLICE USE OF FORCE IN AMERICA 89 George Washington Law Review 1357 (December, 2021) The year 2020 was a year of reckoning. The COVID-19 pandemic, along with the protests in support of the Black Lives Matter movement and against police violence toward unarmed Black, Brown, and Indigenous peoples, revealed our collective, but also differing, vulnerability to violence, sickness, death, and economic harm. Meanwhile, the #metoo... 2021 Yes
G. Alex Sinha FALSE FLAGS AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT: LYING THROUGH SYMBOLIC SPEECH 89 George Washington Law Review Arguendo 133 (November, 2021) Ivan Hunter, a leader of the right-wing Boogaloo Bois, recently pleaded guilty to participating in a riot when he fired his AK-47 at the Minneapolis Police Third Precinct during a Black Lives Matter protest in May of 2020. Hunter's target--the home base of Derek Chauvin, the officer captured on video killing George Floyd--burned down at the hands... 2021  
Quintin Chatman FIGHTING FOR JUSTICE IN A DIVIDED WORLD 45-JUL Champion 42 (July, 2021) How do the racial problems in the criminal legal system impact the dynamics of the lawyer-client relationship? Three zealous advocates share their views. With feet planted firmly and with a line drawn in the sand, criminal defense lawyers stand between clients and the power of the government. While bar associations like NACDL have the luxury of... 2021  
Frank LoMonte , Ann Marie Tamburro FROM AFTER-SCHOOL DETENTION TO THE DETENTION CENTER: HOW UNCONSTITUTIONAL SCHOOL-DISRUPTION LAWS PLACE CHILDREN AT RISK OF PROSECUTION FOR "SPEECH CRIMES" 25 Lewis & Clark Law Review 1 (2021) As unrest erupts across the country over issues of police violence and race, how and when police use their authority inside schools is receiving renewed scrutiny. Students of color are uniquely at risk of being subject to overzealous arrest as a result of a confluence of dangerous factors: Young people are constantly surveilled throughout the... 2021  
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