| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | key Terms in Title or Summary |
| Catherine London |
Racial Impact Statements: a Proactive Approach to Addressing Racial Disparities in Prison Populations |
29 Law & Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice 211 (Winter 2011) |
When Congress passed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 (ADAA), it ushered in an era of aggressive sentencing policies that fueled racial disparity in prisons throughout the country. Without considering the effect of mandatory minimum drug penalties on racial minorities, lawmakers enacted a crack cocaine policy with profound racial implications: in... |
2011 |
|
| April Walker |
Racial Profiling-separate and Unequal Keeping the Minorities in Line-the Role of Law Enforcement in America |
23 Saint Thomas Law Review 576 (Summer 2011) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 576 II. THE HISTORY OF POLICING AND THE MODERN TREND. 579 III. DOES RACE, RELIGION, OR ETHNICITY INCREASE A PERSON'S CHANCE OF BECOMING A VICTIM OF POLICE BRUTALITY?. 585 A. Race/Ethnicity as a Factor. 585 B. Commission report findings. 587 C. Excessive force. 589 D. Racial Profiling. 591 E. Pre-Textual Stops. 594 F. Religion as a... |
2011 |
|
| Nirej S. Sekhon |
Redistributive Policing |
101 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1171 (Fall 2011) |
Police departments have broad policymaking discretion to arrest some offenders and permit others to engage in criminal misconduct. The way police departments exercise this discretion has harmful distributive consequences. Yet, courts do virtually nothing to constrain departmental discretion. This is because constitutional criminal procedure is... |
2011 |
Yes |
| Stephen Rushin |
The Judicial Response to Mass Police Surveillance |
2011 University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology and Policy 281 (Fall 2011) |
I. Introduction. 282 II. The Digitally Efficient Investigative State. 284 A. Examples of Emerging Technologies in the Digitally Efficient Investigative State. 285 1. Automatic License Plate Recognition. 285 2. Surveillance Cameras and Facial Recognition Software. 287 3. Law Enforcement Use of Third-Party Databases. 289 B. The Declining Cost of Data... |
2011 |
Yes |
| Mary D. Fan |
The Police Gamesmanship Dilemma in Criminal Procedure |
44 U.C. Davis Law Review 1407 (June, 2011) |
Police gamesmanship poses a recurring regulatory challenge for constitutional criminal procedure, leading to zigzags and murky zones in the law such as the recent rule shifts regarding searches incident to arrest and interrogation. Police gamesmanship in the competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime involves tactics that press on blind spots,... |
2011 |
Yes |
| Lee S. Brenner, Hajir Ardebili |
To Protect and to Serve: Police Defamation Suits Against California Citizens Who Report Officer Misconduct |
28-JUN Communications Lawyer Law. 8 (June, 2011) |
Police officers occupy a unique position of trust in our society. They are responsible for enforcing the law and protecting society from criminal acts. They are given the authority to detain and to arrest and, when necessary, use deadly force. This authority ultimately rests upon the community's confidence in the integrity of its police force. The... |
2011 |
Yes |
| Lee S. Brenner, Hajir Ardebili |
To Protect and to Serve: Police Defamation Suits Against California Citizens Who Report Officer Misconduct |
28-JUN Communications Lawyer 8 (June, 2011) |
Police officers occupy a unique position of trust in our society. They are responsible for enforcing the law and protecting society from criminal acts. They are given the authority to detain and to arrest and, when necessary, use deadly force. This authority ultimately rests upon the community's confidence in the integrity of its police force. The; Search Snippet: ...LAWYER Communications Lawyer June, 2011 TO PROTECT AND TO SERVE: POLICE DEFAMATION SUITS AGAINST CALIFORNIA CITIZENS WHO REPORT OFFICER MISCONDUCT Lee... |
2011 |
Yes |
| Terrence Rogers |
Using International Human Rights Law to Combat Racial Discrimination in the U. S. Criminal Justice System |
14 Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Minority Issues 375 (Winter 2011) |
I. Introduction. 376 II. Racial Discrimination in General. 380 A. Racial Discrimination in the United States. 381 B. International Human Rights Law in the Battle Against Racial Discrimination. 382 III. Examples of Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Criminal Justice System. 385 A. Wrongful Accusations. 385 B. Racial Discrimination in the Jury... |
2011 |
|
| M. Chris Fabricant |
War Crimes and Misdemeanors: Understanding "Zero-tolerance" Policing as a Form of Collective Punishment and Human Rights Violation |
3 Drexel Law Review 373 (Spring 2011) |
A fundamental principle of criminal law is that individuals may only be punished for offenses which they have personally committed; any punishment must be personal and individual. To that end, international law proscribes as collective punishment any sanction imposed on a population without regard to individual culpability for the offense that... |
2011 |
Yes |
| Rahi Azizi |
When Individuals Seek Death at the Hands of the Police: the Legal and Policy Implications of Suicide by Cop and Why Police Officers Should Use Nonlethal Force in Dealing with Suicidal Suspects |
41 Golden Gate University Law Review 183 (Winter 2011) |
Occasionally, Joel Schumacher's 1993 film Falling Down, starring Michael Douglas and Robert Duvall, serves as a topic of discussion in academic papers. In Falling Down, Douglas plays Bill Foster, a psychotic engineer fired from his position at a missile defense company. A traffic jam on a scorching day in Los Angeles serves as the triggering event... |
2011 |
Yes |
| Aziz Z. Huq , Tom R. Tyler, Stephen J. Schulhofer , University of Chicago, New York University |
Why Does the Public Cooperate with Law Enforcement? |
17 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 419 (August, 2011) |
This study addresses the extension of the procedural justice model for understanding public cooperation with law enforcement to new policing contexts and new minority populations. The study draws on four recent surveys of public reactions to policing against crime or against terrorism across different populations to examine whether the changing... |
2011 |
|
| Luke Ryan, Molly Ryan Strehorn |
Adjutant and Internal Affairs: Making the Case for Access to Evidence of a Police Officer's Propensity for Violence |
32 Western New England Law Review 73 (2010) |
When it comes down to whose story to believe--the criminal suspect or the police officer--in situations unlikely to involve other witnesses, the officer has a distinct advantage. This advantage is particularly pronounced in cases where the criminal defendant contends that the officer was the first (or only) aggressor and the officer maintains... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Melanie D. Wilson |
An Exclusionary Rule for Police Lies |
47 American Criminal Law Review 1 (Winter, 2010) |
In July 2008, two officers of the Los Angeles Police Department took an oath in a criminal jury trial and testified that the defendant, who was charged with possessing cocaine, had run from them before throwing a black box that concealed both powder and crack cocaine. Normally, the officers' testimony would have been sufficient to convict the; Search Snippet: ...Criminal Law Review Winter, 2010 Article AN EXCLUSIONARY RULE FOR POLICE LIES Melanie D. Wilson [FNa1] Copyright © 2010 by American Criminal... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Jan P. Mensz |
Citizen Police: Using the Qui Tam Provision of the False Claims Act to Promote Racial and Economic Integration in Housing |
43 University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 1137 (Summer 2010) |
Economic and racial integration in housing remains elusive more than forty years after the passage of the Fair Housing Act. Recalcitrant municipal governments and exclusionary zoning ordinances have played a large role in maintaining and exacerbating segregated housing patterns. After discussing some of the persistent causes of segregated housing... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Michael L. Rich |
Coerced Informants and Thirteenth Amendment Limitations on the Police-informant Relationship |
50 Santa Clara Law Review 681 (2010) |
On May 7, 2008, Rachel Morningstar Hoffman, a twenty-three-year-old Tallahassee resident and recent graduate of Florida State University, disappeared while trying to purchase 1500 pills of ecstasy, two-and-a-half ounces of cocaine, and a handgun for $13,000 from two suspected drug dealers. Two days later, the Tallahassee Police Department (TPD); Search Snippet: ...2010 Article COERCED INFORMANTS AND THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT LIMITATIONS ON THE POLICE-INFORMANT RELATIONSHIP Michael L. Rich [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2010 School... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Michael Pinard |
Collateral Consequences of Criminal Convictions: Confronting Issues of Race and Dignity |
85 New York University Law Review 457 (May, 2010) |
This Article adds to the burgeoning literature that explores the various collateral consequences that attach to criminal convictions in the United States. These consequences include ineligibility for public and government-assisted housing, public benefits, and various forms of employment, as well as civic exclusions such as ineligibility for jury... |
2010 |
|
| Michael D. Reisig |
Community and Problem-oriented Policing |
39 Crime and Justice Just. 1 (2010) |
Community and problem-oriented policing have shaped the debate over the role of the American police for three decades. In the 1990s, the federal government provided billions of dollars via the COPS program to promote police reform. During this time, community and problem-solving practices became more common. Research focusing specifically on... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Michael D. Reisig |
Community and Problem-oriented Policing |
39 Crime and Justice 1 (2010) |
Community and problem-oriented policing have shaped the debate over the role of the American police for three decades. In the 1990s, the federal government provided billions of dollars via the COPS program to promote police reform. During this time, community and problem-solving practices became more common. Research focusing specifically on; Search Snippet: ...AND JUSTICE Crime and Justice 2010 COMMUNITY AND PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING Michael D. Reisig [FNa1] Copyright © 2010 by The University of... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Thomas M. Lockney , Mark A. Friese |
Constitutional Roadkill in the Courts: Looking to the Legislature to Protect North Dakota Motorists Against Almost Unlimited Police Power to Stop and Investigate Crime |
86 North Dakota Law Review 1 (2010) |
Police vehicle stops theoretically require a good reason. Because of the vast number of traffic regulations and the low standard of certainty required, the police may in effect legally stop any driver at will. Once stopped, the police may treat even non-criminal traffic violators as criminal suspects by subjecting them to extensive questioning; Search Snippet: ...THE LEGISLATURE TO PROTECT NORTH DAKOTA MOTORISTS AGAINST ALMOST UNLIMITED POLICE POWER TO STOP AND INVESTIGATE CRIME Thomas M. Lockney [FNa1... |
2010 |
Yes |
| |
Criminal Law Commentary Moral Injury and the Police |
56 Criminal Law Bulletin 4 (2010) |
Associate Professor of Law, Georgia State University College of Law. I am grateful to Nirej Sekhon and Russ Covey for their thoughtful comments on earlier drafts, and to Brad Schrade at the Atlanta Journal-Constitution for first bringing the Caroline Small case to my attention. This commentary is dedicated to four people I never met but have; Search Snippet: ...Criminal Law Bulletin Criminal Law Commentary Moral Injury and the Police Caren Myers Morrison * Introduction In 2010, Robert Cory... |
2010 |
Yes |
| K. Babe Howell |
From Page to Practice and Back Again: Broken Windows Policing and the Real Costs to Law-abiding New Yorkers of Color |
34 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 439 (2010) |
I am glad to be here as a member of this panel celebrating the fortieth anniversary of the N.Y.U. Review of Law & Social Change and talking about how our work on Social Change has informed our practice. Social Change was my home during my time in law school--a place where students who actually cared about social justice and the deepening injustices... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Emily C. Rutledge |
Healing Jurisprudential "Bruises": a Critique of the Failure of Due Process to Account for the Intersection of Race, Class, and Gender in the Post-castle Rock Era |
53 Howard Law Journal 421 (Winter 2010) |
Interaction of the justice system, especially police [and the courts], with communities of color is a major factor contributing to a dynamic that cannot be ignored in understanding the broad picture of domestic violence as it pertains to women of color. The United States Supreme Court in Town of Castle Rock v. Gonzales delivered a troubling, yet... |
2010 |
|
| Julia Hornberger |
Human Rights and Policing: Exigency or Incongruence? |
6 Annual Review of Law and Social Science 259 (2010) |
violence, consensus, legitimacy, translation, disorder The juncture of human rights and policing is a relatively recent field of scholarship. It tends to explain the relationship between policing and human rights as one of exigency and necessity, culminating in the idea of police as human rights defenders. An ethnographically rich scholarship on... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Mark Soler |
Missed Opportunity: Waiver, Race, Data, and Policy Reform |
71 Louisiana Law Review 17 (Fall, 2010) |
The decision to prosecute a juvenile in adult criminal court-to transfer jurisdiction from juvenile to adult court, or to waive the jurisdiction of the juvenile court -is a key decision point in the juvenile justice system. For decades, researchers have documented racial disparities at key decision points in the system, including at waiver. The... |
2010 |
|
| Kami Chavis Simmons |
New Governance and the "New Paradigm" of Police Accountability: a Democratic Approach to Police Reform |
59 Catholic University Law Review 373 (Winter, 2010) |
I. Introduction. 374 II. The Necessity of Systemically Reforming Local Law-Enforcement Agencies: A Paradgimatic Shift. 380 A. Police Organizational Culture Defined. 381 1. The Blue Wall of Silence. 382 2. Hard-Nosed Tactics and Violence as Part of the Job. 386 3. Ineffective Supervision and Discipline of Police Officers. 388 B. Traditional Remedies... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Paul Butler |
One Hundred Years of Race and Crime |
100 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1043 (Summer 2010) |
This Article considers the evolution of thinking about criminal justice and racial justice over the last one hundred years. If I were writing about race and crime in 1910, the year the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology was founded, the problem that I would have focused on would be lynchings, which were sometimes an extra-legal response to... |
2010 |
|
| Andrew E. Taslitz |
Police Are People Too: Cognitive Obstacles To, and Opportunities For, Police Getting the Individualized Suspicion Judgment Right |
8 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law L. 7 (Fall, 2010) |
This article addresses the cognitive obstacles to, and opportunities for, police getting the individualized suspicion judgment right. This article makes a simple assumption: people suffer and benefit from certain common ways of thinking, and police are people too. Granted, police have the benefit of certain experience, training, and resulting... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Andrew E. Taslitz |
Police Are People Too: Cognitive Obstacles To, and Opportunities For, Police Getting the Individualized Suspicion Judgment Right |
8 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 7 (Fall, 2010) |
This article addresses the cognitive obstacles to, and opportunities for, police getting the individualized suspicion judgment right. This article makes a simple assumption: people suffer and benefit from certain common ways of thinking, and police are people too. Granted, police have the benefit of certain experience, training, and resulting; Search Snippet: ...2010 Symposium Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, and the Criminal Justice System POLICE ARE PEOPLE TOO: COGNITIVE OBSTACLES TO, AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR, POLICE GETTING THE INDIVIDUALIZED SUSPICION JUDGMENT RIGHT Andrew E. Taslitz [FNa1... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Jason Fiebig |
Police Checkpoints: Lack of Guidance from the Supreme Court Contributes to Disregard of Civil Liberties in the District of Columbia |
100 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 599 (Spring 2010) |
Without drawing the line at roadblocks designed primarily to serve the general interest in crime control, the Fourth Amendment would do little to prevent such intrusions from becoming a routine part of American life. During the summer of 2008, crime in the Trinidad neighborhood of the District of Columbia was at an all time high and, in the eyes of; Search Snippet: ...CRIMINOLOGY Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Spring 2010 Comment POLICE CHECKPOINTS: LACK OF GUIDANCE FROM THE SUPREME COURT CONTRIBUTES TO... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Stephen D. Mastrofski, James J. Willis |
Police Organization Continuity and Change: into the Twenty-first Century |
39 Crime and Justice 55 (2010) |
American policing demonstrates both continuity and change. A high degree of decentralization persists, as do bureaucratic structures of larger police agencies. The structures and practices of the nation's numerous small agencies remain underexamined. The potential growth of professional structures inside and outside the police organization is... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Mark Finnane, Fiona Paisley |
Police Violence and the Limits of Law on a Late Colonial Frontier: the "Borroloola Case" in 1930s Australia |
28 Law and History Review 141 (February, 2010) |
The dependence of colonization on police was a core feature both of settler colonies and of colonial dependencies, from the middle of the nineteenth century to the post-World War I decline of the British Empire. During this long century the functions and structures of colonial police were many and varied. We now know a good deal of their history... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Brian J. Foley |
Policing from the Gut: Anti-intellectualism in American Criminal Procedure |
69 Maryland Law Review 261 (2010) |
Over the last thirty years, the Supreme Court of the United States has given police increased power to search and seize practically anyone they wish. In many of the Supreme Court decisions that have helped create this sweeping power, the Court built its reasoning on premises and rhetoric that can be described as anti-intellectual, revealing an... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Lawrence Rosenthal |
Pragmatism, Originalism, Race, and the Case Against Terry V. Ohio |
43 Texas Tech Law Review 299 (Fall, 2010) |
Perhaps no decision of the United States Supreme Court concerning the Fourth Amendment's prohibition on unreasonable search and seizure, has received more criticism than Terry v. Ohio. Rejecting an argument that the authority of the police must be strictly circumscribed by the law of arrest and search as it has developed to date in the... |
2010 |
|
| Elizabeth Brown |
Race, Urban Governance, and Crime Control: Creating Model Cities |
44 Law and Society Review 769 (September/December, 2010) |
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the city of Seattle received federal Department of Housing and Urban Development Model cities funds to address issues of racial disenfranchisement in the city. Premised under the Great Society ethos, Model cities sought to remedy the strained relationship between local governments and disenfranchised urban... |
2010 |
|
| Robert D. Crutchfield, April Fernandes, Jorge Martinez |
Racial and Ethnic Disparity and Criminal Justice: How Much Is Too Much? |
100 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 903 (Summer 2010) |
Race differences in criminal involvement and racial patterns in the criminal justice system have been important topics since the beginning of American criminology. The question of whether there are meaningful racial disparities in the justice system has been important since the 1960s. In recent decades, a considerable literature focused on racial... |
2010 |
|
| Brooks Holland |
Racial Profiling and a Punitive Exclusionary Rule |
20 Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review 29 (Fall 2010) |
Racial profiling has become a familiar and ubiquitous expression for racially-motivated police conduct--a traffic stop, a stop-and-frisk, a line of questioning, or any other police action targeting an individual for investigation because of his or her race. The law of constitutional criminal procedure, however, offers criminal defendants little... |
2010 |
|
| Camille A. Nelson |
Racializing Disability, Disabling Race: Policing Race and Mental Status |
15 Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law L. 1 (Spring 2010) |
A police officer is privileged to use the amount of force that the officer reasonably believes is necessary to overcome resistance to his lawful authority, but no more. That school officials and/or police officers working with school officials would use pepper-spray and handcuffs to restrain a thirteen year old mentally disabled child is... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Camille A. Nelson |
Racializing Disability, Disabling Race: Policing Race and Mental Status |
15 Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law 1 (Spring 2010) |
A police officer is privileged to use the amount of force that the officer reasonably believes is necessary to overcome resistance to his lawful authority, but no more. That school officials and/or police officers working with school officials would use pepper-spray and handcuffs to restrain a thirteen year old mentally disabled child is; Search Snippet: ...Journal of Criminal Law Spring 2010 Article RACIALIZING DISABILITY, DISABLING RACE: POLICING RACE AND MENTAL STATUS Camille A. Nelson [FNd1] Copyright (c) 2010... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Valerie Prochazka |
Reaction To: Structural Racism and the Wire |
2 Georgetown Journal of Law & Modern Critical Race Perspectives 183 (Fall, 2010) |
Katherine B. Woliver Insogna's Structural Racism and The Wire provides a thoughtful look at how structural racism is apparent in HBO's The Wire. Insogna's three illustrations of structural racism are accurate and clear, but one additional point could have been included--the use of statistics in city politics, not just the police department,... |
2010 |
|
| Bridgette Baldwin |
Stratification of the Welfare Poor: Intersections of Gender, Race, & "Worthiness" in Poverty Discourse and Policy |
6 Modern American Am. 4 (Spring, 2010) |
On average, we black women have bigger, better problems than any other women alive. We bear the burden of being seen as pretenders to the thrones of both femininity and masculinity, endlessly mocked by the ambiguously gendered crown-of-thorns imagery of queen Madame Queen, snap queen, welfare queen, quota queen, Queenie Queen, Queen Queen Queen.... |
2010 |
|
| Deborah Fowler |
Student Discipline Goes to Court: the Advent of Campus Policing and Class C Ticketing in Texas Public Schools |
48-DEC Houston Lawyer 18 (November/December, 2010) |
In a little over two decades, a paradigm shift has occurred in the Lone Star State. The misdeeds of children--acts that in the near recent past resulted in trips to the principal's office, corporal punishment, or extra laps under the supervision of a middle school or high school coach, now result in criminal prosecution, criminal records and untold; Search Snippet: ...Feature STUDENT DISCIPLINE GOES TO COURT: THE ADVENT OF CAMPUS POLICING AND CLASS C TICKETING IN TEXAS PUBLIC SCHOOLS Deborah Fowler... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Robert H. Chaires , Emmanuel Barthe , Susan A. Lentz |
Talking the Talk and Walking the Walk of Racial Profiling: a Study of Automobile Checkpoint Law in Three Nations |
16 Texas Hispanic Journal of Law and Policy 87 (Spring 2010) |
I. Introduction. 89 II. Part I. What is Racial Profiling?. 90 A. An Incidental Placement of Checkpoints?. 91 B. An Economic Argument to Racial Profiling. 92 C. Racial Profiling and Freedom. 94 III. Part II. United States - Talking the Talk, But Not Walking the Walk. 96 A. Checkpoints as the Ultimate Win for American Police Opportunists. 97 B. Come... |
2010 |
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| Erin Sheley |
The "Constable's Blunder" and Other Stories: Narrative Representations of the Police and the Criminal in the Development of the Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule |
2010 Michigan State Law Review 121 (Spring, 2010) |
121 Introduction. 122 I. The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule: A Doctrinal Summary. 129 A. The Boyd Rule. 130 B. Wolf v. Colorado and the Federal Limitation. 132 C. The Rule Extended to the States. 133 D. Doctrinal Developments in the Wake of Mapp. 134 E. The Exclusionary Rule in the States. 137 II. The Scholarly Debate. 138 IV. The... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Barbara A. Schwabauer |
The Emmett till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act: the Cold Case of Racism in the Criminal Justice System |
71 Ohio State Law Journal 653 (2010) |
A recent episode of the popular television show Cold Case depicted the 1964 murder of a northern, white, middle-class housewife by a Klansman-in-training, who wanted to stop her work with the Freedom Schools of Mississippi during the civil rights movement. True to the underlying premise of the show, the case went unsolved until more than forty... |
2010 |
|
| Lisa L. Miller |
The Invisible Black Victim: How American Federalism Perpetuates Racial Inequality in Criminal Justice |
44 Law and Society Review 805 (September/December, 2010) |
The promise of civil rights is the promise of inclusion; yet the vast disparity in incarceration rates between blacks, Latinos, and whites stands as an ugly reminder of the nation's long history of race-based exclusionary practices. In this article, I argue that an important aspect of understanding race and the law in the twenty-first century is an... |
2010 |
|
| Naomi Murakawa, Katherine Beckett |
The Penology of Racial Innocence: the Erasure of Racism in the Study and Practice of Punishment |
44 Law and Society Review 695 (September/December, 2010) |
In post--civil rights America, the ascendance of law-and-order politics and postracial ideology have given rise to what we call the penology of racial innocence. The penology of racial innocence is a framework for assessing the role of race in penal policies and institutions, one that begins with the presumption that criminal justice is... |
2010 |
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| Alex Brazier |
The People on the Bus Get Searched and Seized: Why Police Conduct in Suspicionless Bus Sweeps Should Be Circumscribed |
78 George Washington Law Review 908 (June, 2010) |
During a scheduled bus stop in Tallahassee, Florida, two African-American men found themselves in an unexpected and unpleasant situation. After reboarding the Greyhound bus on which they came and surrendering their tickets to the bus driver, the two men reoccupied their adjacent seats, unaware of what would happen next and unable to do anything... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Michael Tonry |
The Social, Psychological, and Political Causes of Racial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System |
39 Crime and Justice 273 (2010) |
Imprisonment rates for black Americans have long been five to seven times higher than those for whites. The immediate causes are well known: high levels of black imprisonment resulting in part from higher black than white arrest rates for violent crime and vastly higher black drug arrest rates. Drug arrest disparities result from police decisions... |
2010 |
|
| Jon Loevy |
Truth or Consequences: Police "Testilying" |
36 No. 3 Litigation 13 (Spring, 2010) |
More lawyers are bringing more lawsuits against police officers than ever before. And more plaintiffs, it seems, are winning bigger verdicts--often far bigger. The result is driving the growth of a police misconduct civil rights bar, and this article examines the changes in public perceptions of police officers that have made that growth possible; Search Snippet: ...LITIGATION Litigation Spring, 2010 Truth or Consequences TRUTH OR CONSEQUENCES: POLICE TESTILYING Jon Loevy [FNa1] Copyright © 2010 by the American Bar... |
2010 |
Yes |
| Jonathan S. Carter |
You're Only as "Free to Leave" as You Feel: Police Encounters with Juveniles and the Trouble with Differential Standards for Investigatory Stops under in re I.r.t. |
88 North Carolina Law Review 1389 (May, 2010) |
In a classic scene from the musical West Side Story, a gang of pugnacious teenagers called the Jets are clearly up to no good as they linger on the moonlit streets of New York City. While the gang plans the night's mischief, a police officer unexpectedly approaches, blowing his whistle and calling out for the boys to stop. One young gangster... |
2010 |
Yes |