AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearkey Terms in Title or Summary
Pat K. Chew Freeing Racial Harassment from the Sexual Harassment Model 85 Oregon Law Review 615 (2006) Judges, academics, and lawyers alike base their legal analyses of workplace racial harassment on the sexual harassment model. Legal principles derived from sexual harassment jurisprudence are presumed to be equally appropriate for racial harassment cases. The implicit assumption is that the social harms and public policy goals of racial harassment... 2006  
Peter Zablotsky From Undermining Child Protection Statutes to Creating Exceptions to Prohibitions Against Racial Discrimination in Public Accommodations: the Unsettling Consequences of Mischaracterizing the Police Reporting Privilege 32 Ohio Northern University Law Review 317 (2006) Historically, an absolute immunity from tort liability was extended to participants in judicial and quasi-judicial proceedings for statements made relevant to those proceedings; a qualified immunity, lost if malice were present, was extended to individuals for statements made in the public interest, such as reports to the police. These immunity... 2006 Yes
Jon Loevy How to Convince the Court That the Cops Are Lying 32 No. 2 Litigation 33 (Winter, 2006) Imagine that you represent a victim of genuine police brutality in a civil suit. The problem is, your client is a tough-looking young man with no job history and several criminal convictions. The police claim they did nothing more than subdue him after he threatened them and resisted arrest, and all of the uniformed witnesses are lining up to; Search Snippet: ...Winter, 2006 Freedom HOW TO CONVINCE THE COURT THAT THE COPS ARE LYING Jon Loevy [FNa1] Copyright © 2006 by American Bar... 2006  
Jay Rothman, Ph.D. , The ARIA Group, Inc. Identity and Conflict: Collaboratively Addressing Police-community Conflict in Cincinnati, Ohio 22 Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution 105 (2006) History was made on April 12, 2002, when a collaborative agreement to try to transform policing and police-community relations was signed in Cincinnati, Ohio. Signatories included the Mayor of Cincinnati, the president of the local police union, the head of the Ohio chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), and the president of the... 2006 Yes
Jay Stewart Naacp V. the Attorney General: Black Community Struggle Against Police Violence, 1959-68 9 Howard Scroll: The Social Justice Law Review 29 (Fall, 2006) On March 30, 1959, the U.S. Supreme Court issued two decisions which set the stage for a new era in police-community relations. In Abbate v. United States. and Bartkus v. Illinois, the Court gave the U.S. Justice Department the power to prosecute police officers under federal civil rights laws for acts of racist violence - even when they were... 2006 Yes
David Alan Sklansky Not Your Father's Police Department: Making Sense of the New Demographics of Law Enforcement 96 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1209 (Spring 2006) Several decades ago, when social scientists were discovering the police, and the Supreme Court was beginning to construct the modern law of criminal procedure, American law enforcement was structured roughly the same way it is today. Policing was largely a local responsibility. Departments were organized hierarchically and quasi-militarily. Line... 2006 Yes
Barry C. Feld Police Interrogation of Juveniles: an Empirical Study of Policy and Practice 97 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 219 (Fall 2006) The Supreme Court does not require any special procedural safeguards when police interrogate youths and use the adult standard--knowing, intelligent, and voluntary under the totality of the circumstances--to gauge the validity of juveniles' waivers of Miranda rights. Developmental psychologists have studied adolescents' capacity to exercise... 2006 Yes
Priyamvada Sinha Police Use of Race in Suspect Descriptions: Constitutional Considerations 31 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 131 (2006) Introduction. 132 I. Police Use of Race in Suspect Descriptions: Background. 134 A. Common Problems. 135 B. Police Powers After September 11, 2001. 138 C. Case Study: Brown v. City of Oneonta. 140 II. Suspect Descriptions and the Role of Race. 142 A. Background: Suspect Descriptions. 143 1. The crime and the witness. 144 2. The police. 145 a.... 2006 Yes
Mark R. Brown Policing Ballot Access: Lessons from Nader's 2004 Run for President 35 Capital University Law Review 163 (Fall, 2006) Running on, running on empty Running on, running blind Running on, running into the sun, But I'm running behind. --Jackson Browne Ralph Nader was this country's third presidential candidate in 2000. He won more than six times the number of votes polled by any other minor contender. Nader's anticipated electoral draw--he won approximately 3%; Search Snippet: ...UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Capital University Law Review Fall, 2006 Article POLICING BALLOT ACCESS: LESSONS FROM NADER'S 2004 RUN FOR PRESIDENT Mark... 2006 Yes
David Alan Sklansky Private Police and Democracy 43 American Criminal Law Review 89 (Winter, 2006) For most people, the police are government incarnate: the street-level embodiment of the state's monopolization of legitimate force. That is why it seemed so natural, in the middle decades of the twentieth century, for Pinkerton guards, private eyes, and the whole, old-fashioned apparatus of private peacekeeping and criminal apprehension to be; Search Snippet: ...LAW REVIEW American Criminal Law Review Winter, 2006 Essay PRIVATE POLICE AND DEMOCRACY David Alan Sklansky [FNa1] Copyright © 2006 by American... 2006 Yes
Eric J. Miller Role-based Policing: Restraining Police Conduct "Outside the Legitimate Investigative Sphere" 94 California Law Review 617 (May, 2006) Nothing we say today is to be taken as indicating approval of police conduct outside the legitimate investigative sphere. Under our decision, courts still retain their traditional responsibility to guard against police conduct which is over-bearing or harassing, or which trenches upon personal security without the objective evidentiary... 2006 Yes
Yoram Margalioth , Tomer Blumkin Targeting the Majority: Redesigning Racial Profiling 24 Yale Law and Policy Review 317 (Spring 2006) Imagine that you are a police officer stopping cars for a drug search and that you have reliable statistical information that African Americans are more likely to engage in drug trafficking. Most people believe that in such a case it would be efficient to search more African Americans compared to the rest of the population. Some object to targeting... 2006  
Elizabeth E. Joh The Forgotten Threat: Private Policing and the State 13 Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 357 (Summer, 2006) What do Disneyland, the Abu Ghraib U.S. military prison, the Mall of America, and the Y-12 nuclear security complex in Oak Ridge, Tennessee have in common? They have wildly different purposes, but they share a common characteristic as employers of private police. This answer--indicative of the prevalence and numbers of private police today--would; Search Snippet: ...Global Legal Studies Summer, 2006 Article THE FORGOTTEN THREAT: PRIVATE POLICING AND THE STATE Elizabeth E. Joh [FNa1] Copyright © 2006 by... 2006 Yes
Audrey G. McFarlane The New Inner City: Class Transformation, Concentrated Affluence and the Obligations of the Police Power 8 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law L. 1 (January, 2006) Introduction. 3 I. Understanding the Dynamics of Urban Spatial Restructuring. 8 A. The Quest for the Upper-Middle Class Resident. 8 B. Professional Attraction to the City. 12 C. Creating the Affluent Neighborhood: The Public/Private Interplay of Redevelopment. 15 1. Locating Suitable Land: The Spillover Benefits of Racial and Economic Segregation.... 2006 Yes
Audrey G. McFarlane The New Inner City: Class Transformation, Concentrated Affluence and the Obligations of the Police Power 8 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 1 (January, 2006) Introduction. 3 I. Understanding the Dynamics of Urban Spatial Restructuring. 8 A. The Quest for the Upper-Middle Class Resident. 8 B. Professional Attraction to the City. 12 C. Creating the Affluent Neighborhood: The Public/Private Interplay of Redevelopment. 15 1. Locating Suitable Land: The Spillover Benefits of Racial and Economic Segregation; Search Snippet: ...CITY: CLASS TRANSFORMATION, CONCENTRATED AFFLUENCE AND THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE POLICE POWER Audrey G. McFarlane [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2006 The University... 2006 Yes
Jeffrey Fagan , Garth Davies , Jan Holland The Paradox of the Drug Elimination Program in New York City Public Housing 13 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 415 (Fall, 2006) In recent years, violence and public housing have been closely linked in political and popular cultures; to many, public housing symbolizes the dangers of inner city urban life. Built mainly in the 1950s and 1960s to assist the poor and working poor to escape slum conditions, most housing projects are clusters of high-rise towers that were placed; Search Snippet: ...control policing was developed or sustained under this program. [FN144] Police tactics in this era were controversial and racialized, and the racial imbalances in policing often were flashpoints for social tension between minority citizens and police since 1994. [FN145] The concentration of African-Americans and Hispanics... 2006  
Kris W. Kobach The Quintessential Force Multiplier: the Inherent Authority of Local Police to Make Immigration Arrests 69 Albany Law Review 179 (2005-2006) The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 underscored for all Americans the link between immigration law enforcement and terrorism. Nineteen alien terrorists had been able to enter the country legally and undetected, overstay their visas or violate their immigration statuses with impunity, and move freely within the country without significant... 2006 Yes
Karen Rothenberg , Alice Wang The Scarlet Gene: Behavioral Genetics, Criminal Law, and Racial and Ethnic Stigma 69-SPG Law and Contemporary Problems 343 (Winter/Spring 2006) Imagine that a scientist from the state university asks you and your family to participate in a study on a particular gene variant associated with alcoholism. The project focuses on your ethnic group, the Tracy Islanders, who have a higher incidence of alcoholism, as well as a higher incidence of the gene variant, than the general population. You... 2006  
Christopher Slobogin Transnational Law and Regulation of the Police 56 Journal of Legal Education 451 (September, 2006) Transnational law is relevant to any law school course, for at least three closely related reasons. First, Americans tend to be ethnocentrically myopic. Exposure to transnational law opens students' eyes to the fact that the American way is not the only or the best way of doing things. Second, transnational law can provide interesting alternatives; Search Snippet: ...2006 Transnational Legal Education TRANSNATIONAL LAW AND REGULATION OF THE POLICE Christopher Slobogin [FNa1] Copyright © 2006 by the Association of American... 2006 Yes
Kevin M. Keenan, Samuel Walker An Impediment to Police Accountability? An Analysis of Statutory Law Enforcement Officers' Bills of Rights 14 Boston University Public Interest Law Journal 185 (Spring, 2005) American police officers, acting through their collective bargaining representatives, have succeeded in gaining a special layer of employee due process protections when faced with investigations for official misconduct. Commonly called Law Enforcement Officers Bills of Rights (LEOBORs), these protections are codified in the laws of fourteen... 2005 Yes
Heidi Boghosian Applying Restraints to Private Police 70 Missouri Law Review 177 (Winter 2005) Before he was convicted of bombing the federal building in Oklahoma City, Timothy James McVeigh worked as a security guard with Burns International Security in upstate New York. Even though he came to work one day brandishing a sawed-off shotgun, he retained his job at Burns guarding Calspan Corporation, a firm conducting classified research in... 2005 Yes
Mohar Ray Can I See Your Papers? Local Police Enforcement of Federal Immigration Law Post 9/11 and Asian American Permanent Foreignness 11 Washington and Lee Race and Ethnic Ancestry Law Journal 197 (Winter, 2005) If I see someone come in and he's got a diaper on his head and a fan belt around that diaper on his head, that guy needs to be pulled over and checked. U.S. Congressional Representative John Cooksey of Louisiana, Radio Announcement after September 11, 2001 In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks perpetuated by nineteen foreign... 2005 Yes
Jerome H. Skolnick Democratic Policing Confronts Terror and Protest 33 Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce 191 (Fall 2005) The idea of legal evolution to a rule of law necessarily implies restraints upon the coercive power of the state. Whatever we might mean by coercive state power, surely the institution of the police embodies the essence of such power. Democratic policing has long been a guiding concern in studies of American policing; and it is a major goal of... 2005 Yes
Michael R. Smith Depoliticizing Racial Profiling: Suggestions for the Limited Use and Management of Race in Police Decision-making 15 George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal 219 (Spring 2005) The last several years have seen a growing crescendo of voices concerned over racial discrimination by America's law enforcement agencies. As a result, racial profiling, a term virtually unheard of five years ago, is now part of the national lexicon. Intimately tied to notions of fairness and constitutional standards of equality, concerns over... 2005 Yes
Nicola Persico , David A. Castleman Detecting Bias: Using Statistical Evidence to Establish Intentional Discrimination in Racial Profiling Cases 2005 University of Chicago Legal Forum 217 (2005) In ordering an investigation into possible racial profiling, President Clinton condemned the practice as the opposite of good police work where actions are based on hard facts, not stereotypes. But precisely what police work should be considered lawful because based on hard facts, as opposed to unlawful because based on stereotypes? Some... 2005  
Anthony E. Mucchetti Driving While Brown: a Proposal for Ending Racial Profiling in Emerging Latino Communities 8 Harvard Latino Law Review Rev. 1 (Spring, 2005) Bonnie Castro's Montana license plate read PUREMEX and was intended as an expression of pride in her family heritage. We didn't think it would make us a target, she later explained after having been detained for almost forty minutes in ninety-degree weather while holding her five-month-old son as police canines searched her car for illegal... 2005  
Marie-Amélie George Gendered Crime, Raced Justice: a Critical Race Feminist Approach to Forensic Dna Databank Expansion 19 National Black Law Journal 78 (2005) Between 1997 and 2002, Mark Wayne Rathburn raped fourteen women in Long Beach, California. One of his victims was an elderly widow who was recovering from surgery. In 1994, a serial rapist in the Bronx began a five-year crime spree, during which he sexually assaulted fifty-one women. Both of these perpetrators had previously been arrested, and... 2005  
Scott Optican Lessons from down Under: a Dialogue on Police Search and Seizure in New Zealand and the United States 3 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 257 (Fall, 2005) Professor Yankee: a distinguished professor of criminal law and procedure visiting New Zealand from a prestigious American law school. Professor Kiwi: a (more or less) distinguished professor of criminal procedure and evidence teaching at the Faculty of Law, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Professor Kiwi has invited Professor Yankee to... 2005 Yes
Robert J. Delahunty , Antonio F. Perez Moral Communities or a Market State: the Supreme Court's Vision of the Police Power in the Age of Globalization 42 Houston Law Review 637 (Summer 2005) Overview. 644 I. International Politics and Constitutional Law. 656 A. Globalization and Constitutional Law. 656 B. The Constitutional Premises of the Nation State. 658 C. The Constitutional Premises of the Market State. 662 D. Constitutional Law Transformation and the Jurisprudence of Legal Pragmatism. 664 E. Precedent for Constitutional Change in... 2005 Yes
Liyah Kaprice Brown Officer or Overseer?: Why Police Desegregation Fails as an Adequate Solution to Racist, Oppressive, and Violent Policing in Black Communities 29 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 757 (2005) On January 23, 2004, Timothy Stansbury, Jr., a nineteen-year-old Black man, earned his GED. He planned to attend community college and start a family with his girlfriend. Hours later, Timothy met two of his friends and together they traveled to another friend's party. The three young men took a shortcut across the rooftop of Timothy's building... 2005 Yes
Lenese Herbert Plantation Lullabies: How Fourth Amendment Policing Violates the Fourteenth Amendment Right of African Americans to Parent 19 Saint John's Journal of Legal Commentary 197 (Winter/Spring 2005) A society that does not protect its adults cannot protect its children. Lullabies, dulcet melodies becalm and promise comfort, safety, and security midst their stanzas and refrain. Peaceful, restorative slumber is the goal; relaxation is a prerequisite. The child, recipient of such calming energy, is rendered impervious to her worldly woes,... 2005 Yes
David Alan Sklansky Police and Democracy 103 Michigan Law Review 1699 (June, 2005) What constraints does a commitment to democracy place on law enforcement? What implications, conversely, do modern police forces have for how we think about democracy? What is the relationship, in short, between democracy and policing? Everyone seems to agree that the relationship is important. References to democracy or to democratic values... 2005 Yes
Robert J. Louden Policing Post-9/11 32 Fordham Urban Law Journal 757 (July, 2005) This essay was originally envisioned as a straightforward presentation and review of policing America in 2005. Life is seldom as uncomplicated as it may first appear. As my research progressed it became apparent that commenting on aspects of present-day policing would not be meaningful without a consideration of the formation of the police function... 2005 Yes
Steven Zeidman Policing the Police: the Role of the Courts and the Prosecution 32 Fordham Urban Law Journal 315 (March, 2005) The Conference on New York City's Criminal Courts asked, Are We Achieving Justice. Given that those courts contended with approximately 190,000 misdemeanor arrests in 2003, up from 130,000 in 1993, the question is increasingly relevant and important. This Essay focuses on how, and whether, the component parts of the courts-- judges, court... 2005 Yes
William H. Buckman Racial Profiling: Truth and Consequences 233-APR New Jersey Lawyer, the Magazine 16 (April, 2005) By the late 1980s, the issue of racial profiling was beginning to attract critical attention from the legal community. From beyond the ranks of the usual Jeremiahs, prominent judges were noticing its pernicious effects. Judge Nathaniel Jones of the Sixth Circuit expressed his concern over increased targeting of individuals for police investigation... 2005  
Rachel E. Brodin Remedying a Particularized Form of Discrimination: Why Disabled Plaintiffs Can and Should Bring Claims for Police Misconduct under the Americans with Disabilities Act 154 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 157 (November 1, 2005) On November 18, 2000, Ryan K. Schorr, a twenty-five-year-old who suffered from bipolar disorder, was involuntarily committed to the Holy Spirit Hospital in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, after his family and roommate noticed that his condition was deteriorating. Though Schorr was placed in a high security room at the hospital, when a crisis intervention; Search Snippet: ...DISCRIMINATION: WHY DISABLED PLAINTIFFS CAN AND SHOULD BRING CLAIMS FOR POLICE MISCONDUCT UNDER THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT Rachel E. Brodin... 2005 Yes
Christopher J. Roederer The Constitutionally Inspired Approaches to Police Accountability for Violence Against Women in the U.s. and South Africa: Conservation Versus Transformation 13 Tulsa Journal of Comparative & International Law 91 (Fall 2005) In this last term, the highest courts in the U.S. and South Africa, respectively, the United States Supreme Court in Town of Castle Rock, Colorado v. Gonzales and the South African Constitutional Court in N.K. v. Minister of Safety and Security, overturned decisions from their appellate courts, the Tenth Circuit and the Supreme Court of Appeals; Search Snippet: ...International Law Fall 2005 Article THE CONSTITUTIONALLY INSPIRED APPROACHES TO POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY FOR VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN THE U.S. AND SOUTH... 2005 Yes
Alan W. Clarke The Ku Klux Klan Act and the Civil Rights Revolution: How Civil Rights Litigation Came to Regulate Police and Correctional Officer Misconduct 7 Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Minority Issues 151 (Spring 2005) I. Introduction. 152 II. Origins of the Ku Klux Klan Act. 154 III. Criminal Justice Revolution in the Twentieth Century: Federalizing Police and Correctional Officers' Liability. 157 IV. The Early Decisions: The Beginnings of Federal Liability for Official Misconduct in Law Enforcement. 164 V. Correctional Officers. 167 VI. Liability of Federal; Search Snippet: ...CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION: HOW CIVIL RIGHTS LITIGATION CAME TO REGULATE POLICE AND CORRECTIONAL OFFICER MISCONDUCT Alan W. Clarke [FNa1] Copyright ©... 2005 Yes
Ryken Grattet, Valerie Jenness The Reconstitution of Law in Local Settings: Agency Discretion, Ambiguity, and a Surplus of Law in the Policing of Hate Crime 39 Law and Society Review 893 (December, 2005) An important yet poorly understood function of law enforcement organizations is the role they play in distilling and transmitting the meaning of legal rules to frontline law enforcement officers and their local communities. In this study, we examine how police and sheriff's agencies in California collectively make sense of state hate crime laws. To... 2005  
Steven Wu The Secret Ambition of Racial Profiling 115 Yale Law Journal 491 (November, 2005) In 2000, a year after the shooting of Amadou Diallo, a select committee of the New York City Council held a series of meetings in the Bronx to address police-community relations. The committee intended the meetings to open a dialogue between police officers and city residents, perhaps even repair relations, but the first meeting degenerated into... 2005  
Christopher Tomlins To Improve the State and Condition of Man: the Power to Police and the History of American Governance 53 Buffalo Law Review 1215 (Fall 2005) . . . in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare . . . . Preamble, United States Constitution (1788) The universal Law of Right may then be expressed, thus: Act externally in such a manner that the free exercise of thy Will may be able to; Search Snippet: ...IMPROVE THE STATE AND CONDITION OF MAN: THE POWER TO POLICE AND THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN GOVERNANCE The Police Power: Patriarchy and the the Foundations of American Government. By... 2005 Yes
Mary Romero, Marwah Serag Violation of Latino Civil Rights Resulting from Ins and Local Police's Use of Race, Culture and Class Profiling: the Case of the Chandler Roundup in Arizona 52 Cleveland State Law Review 75 (2005) I. Overview of the Chandler Roundup. 81 II. Urban Policing Practices and Constructing Citizenship. 83 III. Micro and Macroaggressions and Immigration Law Enforcement. 85 IV. Citizenship Socialization and Immigration Control. 91 V. Conclusion. 95 2005 Yes
Larry L. Rowe West Virginia Race Relations at the Turn of the 21st Century: a New Historical Perspective and Legislative Study of Racial Disparities in Education, Health, Civil Rights, Criminal Justice, Economic Development and Employment 107 West Virginia Law Review 637 (Spring 2005) I. Introduction: Self Evaluation with a Historical Perspective. 638 II. After the Horror of Slavery: Segregation Days in Old Malden. 639 III. A Romantic Life in Segregation Days with No Bitterness Over Race Discrimination. 643 IV. A White Kid Growing Up In Rural Southern West Virginia. 644 V. Celebrating Brown v. Board of Education: Reflection and... 2005  
Roberta Ann Johnson Whistleblowing and the Police 3 Rutgers Journal of Law & Urban Policy 74 (Fall, 2005) Most Americans are familiar with whistleblowers, people who go public with information about corruption, fraud and abuse in their own organizations. Whistleblowers are often seen on the nightly news and discussed in the morning newspapers. In December 2002, three whistleblowers were named Time magazine's Persons of the Year. Whistleblowers have; Search Snippet: ...Affordable Housing, and the War on Drugs WHISTLEBLOWING AND THE POLICE Roberta Ann Johnson [FN1] Copyright © 2005 by Rutgers Journal of... 2005 Yes
Muneer I. Ahmad A Rage Shared by Law: Post-september 11 Racial Violence as Crimes of Passion 92 California Law Review 1259 (October, 2004) Introduction. 1261 I. Private and Public Racial Violence in the Aftermath of September 11. 1265 A. Private Racial Violence. 1265 B. Public Racial Violence. 1267 II. The Construction of Muslim-looking People and the Logic of Fungibility. 1278 III. Understanding the Origins of Post-September 11 Hate Violence. 1282 A. The Perpetrators'... 2004  
Robert A. Sedler Affirmative Action, Race, and the Constitution: from Bakke to Grutter 92 Kentucky Law Journal 219 (2003-2004) When law schools and medical schools first adopted race-conscious admission policies in the middle-1960s, their primary purpose for doing so was not to obtain a racially diverse student body. Rather, the primary purpose was to increase the representation of African-Americans and other racial minorities such as Hispanics and Native-Americans in the... 2004  
Cynthia Lee But I Thought He Had a Gun 2 Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal J. 1 (Fall, 2004) In the old days, the cops simply shot their black victims and [planted] a weapon the officers carried for such emergencies. Nowadays, weapons need exist only in the mind of the policeman in firing position. -Les Payne, Journalist for Newsday February 4, 1999. About midnight. Amadou Diallo, a 22-year-old immigrant from West Africa, had just come... 2004  
Cynthia Lee But I Thought He Had a Gun 2 Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal 1 (Fall, 2004) In the old days, the cops simply shot their black victims and [planted] a weapon the officers carried for such emergencies. Nowadays, weapons need exist only in the mind of the policeman in firing position. -Les Payne, Journalist for Newsday February 4, 1999. About midnight. Amadou Diallo, a 22-year-old immigrant from West Africa, had just come; Search Snippet: ...Fall, 2004 Article BUT I THOUGHT HE HAD A GUN Race and Police Use of Deadly Force Cynthia Lee [FNa1] Copyright © 2004 by... 2004  
James Forman, Jr. Community Policing and Youth as Assets 95 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Criminology 1 (Fall 2004) Over a decade after it was first introduced, community policing remains the most important innovation in American policing today. Called the most significant era in police organizational change since the introduction of the telephone, automobile, and two way radio, community policing has been supported by the past three Presidents, Congress,... 2004 Yes
James Forman, Jr. Community Policing and Youth as Assets 95 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1 (Fall 2004) Over a decade after it was first introduced, community policing remains the most important innovation in American policing today. Called the most significant era in police organizational change since the introduction of the telephone, automobile, and two way radio, community policing has been supported by the past three Presidents, Congress,; Search Snippet: ...of Criminal Law and Criminology Fall 2004 Criminal Law COMMUNITY POLICING AND YOUTH AS ASSETS James Forman, Jr. [FNa1] Copyright ©... 2004 Yes
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45