AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearkey Terms in Title
Theresa Nolan Breslin Fleeing Time below the Poverty Line--is it a Crime? C.e.l. V. State and its Impact on Indigent Defense and Police-citizen Relations 66 University of Miami Law Review 783 (Spring 2012) I. Introduction. 784 II. Background. 788 A. Fourth Amendment Progeny: Terry v. Ohio and Illinois v. Wardlow. 790 1. Terry v. Ohio. 790 2. Illinois v. Wardlow. 792 3. Wardlow's Effect on Florida Case Law. 794 B. Florida Case Law Post-Wardlow, Leading up to C.E.L. II. 795 1. D.T.B.. 796 2. J.D.H.. 797 3. C.E.L. I. 797 III. Analysis. 799 A. The; Search Snippet: ...C.E.L. V. STATE AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIGENT DEFENSE AND POLICE-CITIZEN RELATIONS Theresa Nolan Breslin [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2012 University... 2012 Yes
Donald F. Tibbs From Black Power to Hip Hop: Discussing Race, Policing, and the Fourth Amendment Through the "War On" Paradigm 15 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 47 (Winter 2012) Checks out the message in its rough stylee, the real criminals are the C-O-P. KRS-One I'm not the other color so police think, they have the authority to kill a minority. N.W.A. Son do you know what I'm stopping you for? Cause I'm young and I'm black and my hats real low, do I look like a mind reader sir, I don't know? Jay-Z Despite the... 2012 Yes
Sean Douglass From the Blue Lights of "Police" to the Red Lights of "First Responders": the Changing Rhetoric of Law Enforcement in Michigan V. Bryant 100 Georgetown Law Journal 1311 (April, 2012) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 1312 I. Confronting the Confrontation Clause: The Doctrinal Background. 1314 A. BEFORE MICHIGAN V. BRYANT. 1315 1. Moving to Crawford: The Modern Test for Testimonial Hearsay. 1315 2. The Primary Purpose Test for Law Enforcement in Emergency Situations. 1318 B. MICHIGAN V. BRYANT: FIRST RESPONDERS, NOT... 2012 Yes
Brett G. Stoudt, Michelle Fine, Madeline Fox Growing up Policed in the Age of Aggressive Policing Policies 56 New York Law School Law Review 1331 (2011/2012) Spray-painted atop an old tenement building in the East Village of Manhattan is a large fossilized graffiti image of a tyrannosaurus rex that reads: NYC EATS ITS YOUNG. With its ribs exposed and mouth open, this image represents symbolically what many young people in the neighborhood already know intimately and have experienced: New York City... 2012 Yes
Robert J. Smith, Bidish J. Sarma How and Why Race Continues to Influence the Administration of Criminal Justice in Louisiana 72 Louisiana Law Review 361 (Winter, 2012) In the final analysis, though, I am bound to enforce the laws of Louisiana as they exist today, not as they might in someone's vision of a perfect world. That is what I have done. And that is what I must continue to do. Reed Walters, district attorney in LaSalle Parish responsible for prosecuting the Jena Six (Justice in Jena, N.Y. Times, Sept. 26,... 2012  
Bill Ong Hing Immigration Sanctuary Policies: Constitutional and Representative of Good Policing and Good Public Policy 2 UC Irvine Law Review 247 (February, 2012) I. Introduction. 247 II. Background. 252 III. Constitutionality. 260 A. City of New York v. United States. 263 B. Sturgeon v. Bratton. 267 C. The Tenth Amendment and Preemption. 272 1. Tenth Amendment. 272 2. Preemption of State and Local Laws. 280 a. Field Preemption. 282 b. Conflict Preemption. 286 c. Impeding Federal Objective. 288 3. Martinez... 2012 Yes
Samuel Walker Institutionalizing Police Accountability Reforms: the Problem of Making Police Reforms Endure 32 Saint Louis University Public Law Review 57 (2012) The history of police reform in America, in the sense of modern day notions of police professionalization, is more than a century old. Over that time period there have been successive waves of reform movements, with a changing set of objectives and programs. Much has been accomplished to improve policing over this long period. Whether the benchmark... 2012 Yes
Caleb Mason Jay-z's 99 Problems, Verse 2: a Close Reading with Fourth Amendment Guidance for Cops and Perps 56 Saint Louis University Law Journal 567 (Winter 2012) This is a line-by-line analysis of the second verse of 99 Problems by Jay-Z, from the perspective of a criminal procedure professor. It's intended as a resource for law students and teachers, and for anyone who's interested in what pop culture gets right about criminal justice, and what it gets wrong. 99 Problems is a song by Jay-Z. It's a good; Search Snippet: ...VERSE 2: A CLOSE READING WITH FOURTH AMENDMENT GUIDANCE FOR COPS AND PERPS Caleb Mason [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2012 Saint Louis... 2012  
Sandra Guerra Thompson Judicial Gatekeeping of Police-generated Witness Testimony 102 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 329 (Spring 2012) This Article urges a fundamental change in the administration of criminal justice. The Article focuses on what I call police-generated witness testimony, by which I mean confessions, police informants, and eyewitness identifications. These types of testimony are leading causes of wrongful convictions. The Article shows that heavy-handed tactics... 2012 Yes
Carly Humphrey Keep Recording: Why On-duty Police Officers Do Not Have a Protected Expectation of Privacy under Maryland's State Wiretap Act 19 George Mason Law Review 775 (Spring, 2012) While riding his motorcycle on Interstate 95 near Baltimore, Anthony Graber popped a few wheelies and drove well above the speed limit. An unmarked vehicle cut off Mr. Graber when he slowed down at an exit, and a man wearing jeans and a fleece jacket hopped out of the vehicle with his gun drawn. The armed man shouted for Mr. Graber to get off his... 2012 Yes
Jesse Kropf Keeping "Them" Out: Criminal Record Screening, Public Housing, and the Fight Against Racial Caste 4 Georgetown Journal of Law & Modern Critical Race Perspectives 75 (Spring, 2012) What has changed since the collapse of Jim Crow has less to do with the basic structure of our society than with the language we use to justify it. --Michele Alexander What does a person living in public housing look like? Most people in public housing make less than ten thousand dollars a year. Over half are on a fixed income, such as social... 2012  
Jamesa J. Drake Kentucky V. King: a New Approach to Consent-based Police Encounters? 65 Maine Law Review 57 (2012) Introduction I. The Facts and Procedural History II. King's Practical Application is Far from Certain A. Knock-and-Talk 1. Bumper v. North Carolina and Police Conduct that Threatens to Violate the Fourth Amendment. 2. Schneckloth v. Bustamonte and the King Court's (Un)willingness to Consider the Totality of the Circumstances B. Asserting; Search Snippet: ...Article KENTUCKY V. KING: A NEW APPROACH TO CONSENT-BASED POLICE ENCOUNTERS? Jamesa J. Drake [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2012 University of... 2012 Yes
Aaron Sussman Learning in Lockdown: School Police, Race, and the Limits of Law 59 UCLA Law Review 788 (February, 2012) Nationally, K-12 schools are increasingly relying on police officers and criminalized security measures like metal detectors and random searches in an attempt to make schools safer. In New York City, officers patrolling prison-like schools have acutely harmful effects, leading the New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) to file a class action... 2012 Yes
Robert T. Carter, Ph.D. , Thomas D. Scheuermann, M.A., J.D. Legal and Policy Standards for Addressing Workplace Racism: Employer Liability and Shared Responsibility for Race-based Traumatic Stress 12 University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class Class 1 (Spring 2012) With the celebrated election of the first African-American President, the United States has come a long way from the ugly days of Jim Crow, but there is a paucity of evidence that we are living in anything approaching a post-racial America. While overt bigotry may have receded in recent decades, rumors of its demise as an ongoing social problem... 2012  
Rachel Harmon Limited Leverage: Federal Remedies and Policing Reform 32 Saint Louis University Public Law Review 33 (2012) Remedies for police misconduct have multiple purposes, including punishing perpetrators, making victims whole, and forcing departments to comply with constitutional rules. For those interested in reducing police misconduct, the primary measure of federal legal remedies for police misconduct is whether they deter future bad acts. Other speakers at... 2012 Yes
Jessica A. Solyom , Bryan McKinley Jones Brayboy Memento Mori : Policing the Minds and Bodies of Indigenous Latinas/os in Arizona 42 California Western International Law Journal 473 (Spring 2012) The state of Arizona is home to a large number of American Indian communities. The majority of the state, and its current boundaries, arose as a result of the Mexican American War and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. Today, Arizona houses the largest number of American Indian tribal reservations in the United States (currently twenty-two),... 2012 Yes
Clayton Mosher , J. Mitchell Pickerill Methodological Issues in Biased Policing Research with Applications to the Washington State Patrol 35 Seattle University Law Review 769 (Spring, 2012) In the mid-to-late 1990s, media attention intensified around the issue of racial profiling. The increased attention was partially due to concerns that law enforcement were biased and targeting members of minority groups, and that incarceration rates were racially disproportionate. Literally hundreds of articles appeared on the topic of racial... 2012 Yes
Wayne Heavener Montgomery County V. Shropshire: Trying to Shoehorn Police Intradepartmental Disciplinary Files into the Wrong Cabinet 71 Maryland Law Review 925 (2012) In Montgomery County v. Shropshire, the Maryland Court of Appeals considered whether two police officers' intradepartmental disciplinary files were exempt from disclosure to the Montgomery County Inspector General, pursuant to the Maryland Public Information Act (MPIA). The court held that the officers' Internal Affairs Division (IAD) files... 2012 Yes
Caleb Mason New Police Surveillance Technologies and the Good-faith Exception: Warrantless Gps Tracker Evidence after United States V. Jones 13 Nevada Law Journal 60 (Fall 2012) I. Introduction. 61 II. The Exclusionary Rule: Background. 61 III. United States v. Jones. 65 IV. The Good-Faith Reliance on Precedent Rule: Express Authorization?. 66 A. United States v. Davis. 66 B. Two Possible Good-Faith Rules. 67 V. Applying the Faith-in-Caselaw Test: A General Framework. 72 VI. Davis Applied to Jones. 79 A. Predictions. 79; Search Snippet: ...NEVADA LAW JOURNAL Nevada Law Journal Fall 2012 Article NEW POLICE SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGIES AND THE GOOD-FAITH EXCEPTION: WARRANTLESS GPS TRACKER... 2012 Yes
Eric Lane On Madison, Muslims, and the New York City Police Department 40 Hofstra Law Review 689 (Spring 2012) News signifies something which has just happened, and which is new just because it deviates from the old and regular. But its meaning depends upon relation to what it imports, to what its social consequences are. This import cannot be determined unless the new is placed in relation to the old, to what has happened and been integrated into the... 2012 Yes
Andrew Rosado Shaw Our Duty in Light of the Law's Irrelevance: Police Brutality and Civilian Recordings 20 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 161 (Fall, 2012) In the 1960s, the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense sent armed and uniformed citizen patrols through the ghettos of Oakland, California. These brazen young men, belts of bullets across their chests and shotguns in hand, marched to end the brutal abuse of the poor and minorities by the Oakland police. The same call to action was heard across the... 2012 Yes
Anthony J. Domanico , Michael D. Cicchini , Lawrence T. White Overcoming Miranda: a Content Analysis of the Miranda Portion of Police Interrogations 49 Idaho Law Review 1 (2012) C1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 2 II. THE MIRANDA WARNING 4 A. The Language 4 B. Origin and Purpose 5 C. Voluntary, Knowing, and Intelligent Waiver 6 III. THE POLICE AND MIRANDA 7 IV. EARLIER EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 8 V. THE STUDY 10 A. Research Questions 11 B. Study Design 11 C. Findings 13 1. How often do suspects in custody waive their Miranda; Search Snippet: ...OVERCOMING MIRANDA: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE MIRANDA PORTION OF POLICE INTERROGATIONS Anthony J. Domanico [FNa1] Michael D. Cicchini [FNaa1] Lawrence... 2012 Yes
Mary D. Fan Panopticism for Police: Structural Reform Bargaining and Police Regulation by Data-driven Surveillance 87 Washington Law Review 93 (March, 2012) Spurred by civil rights investigations, police departments across the nation, including in Washington State, are engaging in structural reform bargaining and collaborative design of institutional reforms. Often before any complaint is filed in court or a judge makes any findings of unconstitutionality, police--and the groups threatening... 2012 Yes
L. Song Richardson Police Efficiency and the Fourth Amendment 87 Indiana Law Journal 1143 (Summer, 2012) Much of our Fourth Amendment jurisprudence is premised upon a profound misunderstanding of the nature of suspicion. When determining whether law enforcement officers had the reasonable suspicion necessary to justify a stop and frisk, courts currently assume that, in any given case, the presence or absence of reasonable suspicion can objectively... 2012 Yes
Jeff Weiner , Jeffrey S. Weiner, P.A., Two Datran Ctr., Ste. 1910, 9130 S. Dadeland Blvd., Miami, FL 33156, 305-670-9919, Fax 305-670-9299, E-mail lawfirm@jeffweiner.com Police K-9's and the Constitution: What Every Lawyer and Judge Should Know 36-APR Champion 22 (April, 2012) Positive K-9 alerts are treated as per se probable cause in most states and in the federal courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, when the K-9 is assumed to be trained and reliable. The terms trained, reliable, and certified appear repeatedly in judicial opinions handed down over the years relating to dog sniffs. Following United; Search Snippet: ...22 2012 WL 1668211 CHAMPION Champion April, 2012 Cover Story POLICE K-9'S AND THE CONSTITUTION: WHAT EVERY LAWYER AND JUDGE... 2012 Yes
David A. Klinger Police Training as an Instrument of Accountability 32 Saint Louis University Public Law Review 111 (2012) The matter of how to hold police officers and agencies accountable to the public they are sworn to serve has been a perennial issue since local police departments first formed in the United States in the middle of the nineteenth century. American law enforcement during the formative years was not particularly responsive to the needs and wishes of... 2012 Yes
Wayne A. Logan Policing Identity 92 Boston University Law Review 1561 (October, 2012) Introduction. 1562 I. Overcoming Anonymity. 1564 II. Policing Identity. 1566 A. Early Methods. 1567 1. Spotting, Photos, and Registries. 1567 2. Anthropometry. 1570 3. Fingerprinting. 1573 B. Modern Methods. 1575 1. Iris and Retina Recognition. 1576 2. Facial Recognition. 1577 3. DNA Sampling. 1577 III. Identity Evidence in the Courts. 1578 A.... 2012 Yes
Andrew Guthrie Ferguson Predictive Policing and Reasonable Suspicion 62 Emory Law Journal 259 (2012) Introduction. 261 I. Predictive Policing: An Introduction. 265 A. Predictive Policing: In Context. 270 1. Intelligence-Led Policing and Theories of Crime and Place. 271 2. Predictive Models of Crime. 276 a. Near Repeat Theory. 277 b. Risk Terrain Modeling. 281 B. Predictive Policing: Future Cases. 284 II. Prediction and the Fourth Amendment. 285 A; Search Snippet: ...7680951 EMORY LAW JOURNAL Emory Law Journal 2012 Article PREDICTIVE POLICING AND REASONABLE SUSPICION Andrew Guthrie Ferguson [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2012... 2012 Yes
Research Working Group , Task Force on Race, the Criminal Justice System Preliminary Report on Race and Washington's Criminal Justice System 35 Seattle University Law Review 623 (Spring, 2012) C1-2Table of Contents Message from the Task Force Co-Chairs. 626 Executive Summary. 627 Definitions. 630 I. Introduction. 632 II. Racial Disproportionality Within Washington State's Criminal Justice System. 639 III. Proffered Causes for Racial Disproportionality. 641 A. Crime Commission Rates. 641 B. Structural Racism: Facially Neutral Policies... 2012  
Research Working Group , Task Force on Race and the Criminal Justice System Preliminary Report on Race and Washington's Criminal Justice System 47 Gonzaga Law Review 251 (2011-2012) Message from the Task Force Co-Chairs. 253 Executive Summary. 254 Definitions. 257 I. Introduction. 260 II. Racial Disproportionality Within Washington State's Criminal Justice System. 266 III. Proffered Causes for Racial Disproportionality. 269 A. Crime Commission Rates. 269 B. Structural Racism: Facially Neutral Policies with Racially Disparate... 2012  
Research Working Group , Task Force on Race and the Criminal Justice System Preliminary Report on Race and Washington's Criminal Justice System 87 Washington Law Review Rev. 1 (March, 2012) MESSAGE FROM THE TASK FORCE CO-CHAIRS. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 4 DEFINITIONS. 7 I. INTRODUCTION. 10 II. RACIAL DISPROPORTIONALITY WITHIN WASHINGTON STATE'S CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. 16 III. PROFFERED CAUSES FOR RACIAL DISPROPORTIONALITY. 19 A. Crime Commission Rates. 19 B. Structural Racism: Facially Neutral Policies with Racially Disparate Effects.... 2012  
Matthew Radler Privacy Is the Problem: United States V. Maynard and a Case for a New Regulatory Model for Police Surveillance 80 George Washington Law Review 1209 (June 1, 2012) Inescapably, the debate in the United States about law enforcement's use of electronic surveillance is defined in terms of privacy. Whether discussed by courts, commentators, or legislators, the principal and often the only justification put forth for regulating the use of a given technology by the police is that it invades an interest somehow... 2012 Yes
Brooks Holland Race and Ambivalent Criminal Procedure Remedies 47 Gonzaga Law Review 341 (2011-2012) I. Introduction. 341 II. Race, Rights, and Remedies. 343 III. Ambivalent Judicial Remedies. 347 A. Police Investigations. 347 B. Trial and Sentence. 350 1. Preservation. 351 2. Harmless Error. 354 3. The Exception to Judicial Ambivalence: Jury Selection. 356 IV. Misguided Premises and a Better Approach. 358 A. Moral and Utilitarian Premises. 358 B.... 2012  
Andrea D. Lyon Race Bias and the Importance of Consciousness for Criminal Defense Attorneys 35 Seattle University Law Review 755 (Spring, 2012) When I worked at the public defender's office in Chicago, I found that stereotypes and prejudice are problems for everyone, not just the prosecution or the judiciary--although it was more acute there. I entered the office thinking that public defenders were liberal (which is, in my mind, a good thing) and thus good on race issues. Not so much.... 2012  
Christian M. Halliburton Race, Brain Science, and Critical Decision-making in the Context of Constitutional Criminal Procedure 47 Gonzaga Law Review 319 (2011-2012) Introduction. 319 I. Implications of the Race-Conscious Brain. 323 A. Amygdala Activation, Memory, and the Race/Emotion Complex. 323 B. Race and Trust. 327 C. Race Bias, Reflection, and Non-Awareness. 329 II. When and Where Does This Matter? Perception and Decision-Making in the Context of Race. 330 A. Eyewitness Identification. 331 B. Threat... 2012  
The Honorable Barbara Madsen, Chief Justice, Washington State Supreme Court Racial Bias in the Criminal Justice System 47 Gonzaga Law Review 243 (2011-2012) Keynote Address at the Conference on Race and Criminal Justice in the West Gonzaga University School of Law Saturday, September 24, 2011 In 2008, in his speech, A More Perfect Union, candidate Barak Obama called for a national conversation on race in America. In that speech, he reminded us in the words of William Faulkner: The past isn't dead... 2012  
M. Chris Fabricant Rethinking Criminal Defense Clinics in "Zero-tolerance" Policing Regimes 36 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 351 (2012) This article explores one defense clinic's evolution from an individual direct representation model to a combined advocacy approach in response to systemic civil rights violations associated with aggressive prosecution of zero-tolerance policing strategies in New York City. The pedagogical and ethical implications of engaging students in this; Search Snippet: ...Change 2012 Article RETHINKING CRIMINAL DEFENSE CLINICS IN ZERO-TOLERANCE POLICING REGIMES M. Chris Fabricant [FNd1] Copyright (c) 2012 New York... 2012 Yes
Aaron Sussman Shocking the Conscience: What Police Tasers and Weapon Technology Reveal about Excessive Force Law 59 UCLA Law Review 1342 (June, 2012) Since Graham v. Connor, the U.S. Supreme Court's 1989 opinion establishing the Fourth Amendment standard for assessing whether a police officer's use of force was unconstitutionally excessive, the law has slowly developed through a body of narrow and fact-specific precedents that guide judges' excessive force and qualified immunity analyses.... 2012 Yes
Michael McIntosh Solving the Mccleskey Dilemma: Embracing Racial Diversity in Schools 3 California Law Review Circuit 159 (August, 2012) Once more the Supreme Court is poised to add a modern gloss on Brown v. Board of Education, updating the decision's meaning in light of changing demographics and increasingly sophisticated school admissions policies. In its October Term 2012, the Court will hear arguments in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, in which it will grapple yet... 2012  
Kami Chavis Simmons Stakeholder Participation in the Selection and Recruitment of Police: Democracy in Action 32 Saint Louis University Public Law Review Rev. 7 (2012) It is now widely accepted that much police misconduct and corruption stems from the institutional culture of the police organization itself. The impact of this assertion is that remedial measures once thought to address police misconduct and corruption--such as, the exclusionary rule, tort or criminal suits against police officers, the possibility... 2012 Yes
Kami Chavis Simmons Stakeholder Participation in the Selection and Recruitment of Police: Democracy in Action 32 Saint Louis University Public Law Review 7 (2012) It is now widely accepted that much police misconduct and corruption stems from the institutional culture of the police organization itself. The impact of this assertion is that remedial measures once thought to address police misconduct and corruption--such as, the exclusionary rule, tort or criminal suits against police officers, the possibility; Search Snippet: ...2012 Article STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION IN THE SELECTION AND RECRUITMENT OF POLICE: DEMOCRACY IN ACTION Kami Chavis Simmons [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2012... 2012 Yes
Jesse J. Norris, J.D., Ph.D. State Efforts to Reduce Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice: Empirical Analysis and Recommendations for Action 47 Gonzaga Law Review 493 (2011-2012) A number of states have begun high-level processes to analyze and reduce racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system. This article provides a preliminary empirical evaluation of these efforts, focusing on both the governance and substantive content of the anti-disparities processes. Results indicate that these efforts are not... 2012  
Steven A. Lautt Sunlight Is Still the Best Disinfectant: the Case for a First Amendment Right to Record the Police 51 Washburn Law Journal 349 (Spring 2012) Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants; electric light the most efficient policeman. It has been said that seeing is believing. To receive second-hand information, even from a trusted, reliable source, may still raise doubts about the authenticity of what has been reported. But to actually see something with our own eyes not only... 2012 Yes
Jordan Blair Woods Systemic Racial Bias and Rico's Application to Criminal Street and Prison Gangs 17 Michigan Journal of Race and Law 303 (Spring 2012) This Article presents an empirical study of race and the application of the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) to criminal street and prison gangs. A strong majority (approximately 86%) of the prosecutions in the study involved gangs that were affiliated with one or more racial minority groups. All but one of the... 2012  
Veena Dubal The Demise of Community Policing? The Impact of Post-9/11 Federal Surveillance Programs on Local Law Enforcement 19 Asian American Law Journal 35 (2012) Police reform over the past thirty years has been guided by the philosophy of community policing, or the theory that police departments overcome poor community relations by engaging in initiatives that build mutual trust. The advent of the War on Terror brought about the intermingling of federal policing initiatives with local law enforcement.... 2012 Yes
Jeffrey S. Adler The Killer Behind the Badge: Race and Police Homicide in New Orleans, 1925-1945 30 Law and History Review 495 (May, 2012) At 5:45 p.m. on Thursday, June 17, 1943, New Orleans police patrolman John Licali fatally shot 29-year-old Felton Robinson, an unemployed presser. A few minutes earlier, a neighbor had heard a disturbance in the backyard of Robinson's Loyola Street home and had alerted the Twelfth Precinct police station, which dispatched officers Licali and Emile... 2012 Yes
Dasha Kabakova The Lack of Accountability for the New York Police Department's Investigative Stops 10 Cardozo Public Law, Policy and Ethics Journal 539 (Summer 2012) Introduction. 539 I. Stop and Frisk in New York. 541 A. Passage of the New York Stop and Frisk Law. 541 B. Upholding the New York Stop and Frisk Law as Constitutional. 543 C. Clarifying the Stop and Frisk Law. 544 D. NYPD Officer Training in Stop and Frisks . 547 E. NYPD Documentation of Stop and Frisks . 547 II. Judicial Review of Stop... 2012 Yes
Priscilla A. Ocen The New Racially Restrictive Covenant: Race, Welfare, and the Policing of Black Women in Subsidized Housing 59 UCLA Law Review 1540 (August, 2012) This Article explores the race, gender, and class dynamics that render poor Black women vulnerable to racial surveillance and harassment in predominately white communities. In particular, this Article interrogates the recent phenomenon of police officers and public officials enforcing private citizens' discriminatory complaints, which ultimately... 2012 Yes
Rachel A. Harmon The Problem of Policing 110 Michigan Law Review 761 (March, 2012) The legal problem of policing is how to regulate police authority to permit officers to enforce law while also protecting individual liberty and minimizing the social costs the police impose. Courts and commentators have largely treated the problem of policing as limited to preventing violations of constitutional rights and its solution as the... 2012 Yes
Mario Cerame The Right to Record Police in Connecticut 30 Quinnipiac Law Review 385 (2012) The video begins with one officer, his head out of frame. The officer chides the recorder, You're welcome to join him! gesturing to the accused, held down by two officers, with more nearby. It's night. We hear crowded bar street chatter. The officer dismissively tells the recorder to watch the news. Now we see three or four officers holding down... 2012 Yes
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