AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearkey Terms in Title
Maria Fernanda Parra-Chico An Up-close Perspective: the Enforcement of Federal Immigration Laws by State and Local Police 7 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 321 (Fall/Winter 2008) The attacks of September 11, 2001, evoked a debate over whether, and to what extent, the federal government should employ the resources and efforts of local law enforcement agencies to carry out U.S. immigration law mandates. Today, state and local governments--working closely with federal authorities-- are enacting laws and ordinances seeking to... 2008 Yes
Joseph O. Oluwole , Preston C. Green, III Charter Schools: Racial-balancing Provisions and Parents Involved 61 Arkansas Law Review Rev. 1 (2008) For years, legal scholars have tried to determine the constitutionality of charter-school racial-balancing provisions. Since the United States Supreme Court had not ruled on the constitutionality of racial-balancing policies at the elementary- and secondary-education levels, however, scholars often had to rely on decisions of the federal district... 2008  
Dr. Julie Ringelheim Collecting Racial or Ethnic Data for Antidiscrimination Policies: a U.s.-europe Comparison 10 Rutgers Race & the Law Review 39 (Special Edition 2008) With the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam, a new Article 13 was inserted in the Treaty of Rome, conferring on the European Community the competence to take action to combat discrimination based not only on sex, but also on racial or ethnic origin, religious belief, disability, age, and sexual orientation. This marked a turning point for the European... 2008  
  Criminal Law -- Fourth Amendment -- Ninth Circuit Considers Community's Racial Tension with Police in Finding Illegal Seizure and Lack of Voluntary Consent. -- United States V. Washington, 490 F.3d 765 (9th Cir. 2007). 121 Harvard Law Review 1669 (April, 2008) The traditional story of Fourth Amendment search and seizure doctrine involves a complex compromise between public safety and the constitutional right to personal liberty. Although the choice of viewpoint is often left out of the story, much also depends on whose perspective--police officers' or civilians'--a judge employs for search and seizure... 2008 Yes
David E. Aaronson Cross-racial Identification of Defendants in Criminal Cases 23-SPG Criminal Justice Just. 4 (Spring, 2008) While testifying on the stand during a recent misdemeanor trial in Maryland, a Hispanic eyewitness pointed to the defense table and identified a young African American as the perpetrator. The eyewitness, however, got it wrong. The young man he identified as the perpetrator was actually a law student who was representing the defendant--also African... 2008  
Lee Demetrius Walker, Richard W. Waterman Elections as Focusing Events: Explaining Attitudes Toward the Police and the Government in Comparative Perspective 42 Law and Society Review 337 (June, 2008) Traditional views hold that citizens' attitudes toward the police are driven by local concerns. We contend that public attitudes toward the police are responsive to systematic and periodic national-level political factors. In particular, we show that national elections as a focusing event alter periodically the determinants of attitudes toward the... 2008 Yes
Bela August Walker Fractured Bonds: Policing Whiteness and Womanhood Through Race-based Marriage Annulments 58 DePaul Law Review Rev. 1 (Fall 2008) In 1924, Leonard Kip Rhinelander filed for an annulment from his wife of only five weeks, Alice Beatrice Jones. Leonard asked the court to annul his marriage on grounds of fraud, asserting that Alice was of colored blood and had concealed this fact. The story was splashed across newspapers throughout the nation. One academic of the period... 2008 Yes
Bela August Walker Fractured Bonds: Policing Whiteness and Womanhood Through Race-based Marriage Annulments 58 DePaul Law Review 1 (Fall 2008) In 1924, Leonard Kip Rhinelander filed for an annulment from his wife of only five weeks, Alice Beatrice Jones. Leonard asked the court to annul his marriage on grounds of fraud, asserting that Alice was of colored blood and had concealed this fact. The story was splashed across newspapers throughout the nation. One academic of the period; Search Snippet: ...LAW REVIEW DePaul Law Review Fall 2008 Articles FRACTURED BONDS: POLICING WHITENESS AND WOMANHOOD THROUGH RACE-BASED MARRIAGE ANNULMENTS Bela August Walker [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2008... 2008 Yes
Ariela Gross History, Race, and Prediction: Comments on Harcourt's Against Prediction 33 Law and Social Inquiry 235 (Winter, 2008) Harcourt, Bernard E. 2007. Against Prediction: Profiling, Policing, and Punishing in an Actuarial Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pp. viii + 336. $25.00 paper. This article reviews Bernard Harcourt's Against Prediction: Profiling, Policing, and Punishing in an Actuarial Age (2007). It places the rise of actuarialism in criminal law in... 2008  
Andrea J. Ritchie, Esq., Joey L. Mogul, Esq. In the Shadows of the War on Terror: Persistent Police Brutality and Abuse of People of Color in the United States 1 DePaul Journal for Social Justice 175 (Spring 2008) A report prepared for the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on the occasion of its review of the The United States of America's Second and Third Periodic Report to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination December 2007 I. Introduction. 177 II. Use of Excessive Force (Articles 1, 2 and 5). 180 A.... 2008 Yes
  Judge Orders Police Database Produced 14 CITYLAW 78 (July/August, 2008) The N.Y. Civil Liberties Union sought database with information on stops and searches. When a police officer forcibly stops or searches civilians, it must record the information on a UF-250 form that identifies the race and gender of the individual, the reason for the stop, as well as identifying information about the officer making the stop. In; Search Snippet: ...2008 DECISIONS OF INTEREST TORTS NYPD / FOIL JUDGE ORDERS POLICE DATABASE PRODUCED Copyright (c) 2008 by Center for New York... 2008 Yes
Tom R. Tyler , Jeffrey Fagan Legitimacy and Cooperation: Why Do People Help the Police Fight Crime in Their Communities? 6 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 231 (Fall, 2008) Past research indicates that legitimacy encourages compliance with the law. This study extends consideration of the influence of legitimacy by exploring its impact on cooperation with the police and with neighbors to combat crime in one's community. It uses a panel study design and focuses upon the residents of New York City. The study finds that... 2008 Yes
Anthony A. Braga, David Hureau, Christopher Winship Losing Faith? Police, Black Churches, and the Resurgence of Youth Violence in Boston 6 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 141 (Fall, 2008) Boston received national acclaim for its innovative approach to preventing youth violence in the 1990s. The well-known Operation Ceasefire initiative was an interagency violence prevention intervention that focused enforcement and social service resources on a small number of gang-involved offenders at the heart of the city's youth violence; Search Snippet: ...Law Fall, 2008 Symposium Legitimacy and Criminal Justice LOSING FAITH? POLICE, BLACK CHURCHES, AND THE RESURGENCE OF YOUTH VIOLENCE IN BOSTON... 2008 Yes
Tomer Blumkin, Yoram Margalioth , Ben-Gurion University, Department of Economics, Buchmann Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel On Terror, Drugs and Racial Profiling 28 International Review of Law & Economics 194 (September, 2008) JEL classification: K14 K42 Keywords: Racial profiling Statistical discrimination Terror Equity-efficiency trade-off We show that for racial profiling (defined as policy rules that employ statistical discrimination based on racial attributes) to be efficient in fighting ordinary crime, it needs to focus on the racial composition of marginal... 2008  
David Alan Sklansky, University of California, Berkeley Police and Community in Chicago: a Tale of Three Cities. By Wesley G. Skogan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Pp. 360. $35.00 Cloth 42 Law and Society Review 233 (March, 2008) Few efforts at police reform can ever have been evaluated as intensively, over as many years, as community policing in Chicago. Skogan and his team of researchers began studying Chicago's community policing initiative in 1992, before it was even launched. Over the next 12 years they monitored more than one thousand neighborhood meetings, surveyed... 2008 Yes
Badi Hasisi Police, Politics, and Culture in a Deeply Divided Society 98 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1119 (Spring 2008) This Article deals with minorities' perceptions of the police in deeply divided societies. These societies are generally characterized by political disagreements, and the literature shows that most researchers emphasize the centrality of the political variable in order to understand police-minority interactions. This Article acknowledges the... 2008 Yes
Theodore P. Gerber, Sarah E. Mendelson Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: a Case of Predatory Policing? 42 Law and Society Review Rev. 1 (March, 2008) Predatory policing occurs where police officers mainly use their authority to advance their own material interests rather than to fight crime or protect the interests of elites. These practices have the potential to seriously compromise the public's trust in the police and other legal institutions, such as courts. Using data from six surveys and... 2008 Yes
Theodore P. Gerber, Sarah E. Mendelson Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: a Case of Predatory Policing? 42 Law and Society Review 1 (March, 2008) Predatory policing occurs where police officers mainly use their authority to advance their own material interests rather than to fight crime or protect the interests of elites. These practices have the potential to seriously compromise the public's trust in the police and other legal institutions, such as courts. Using data from six surveys and; Search Snippet: ...Review March, 2008 Article of General Interest PUBLIC EXPERIENCES OF POLICE VIOLENCE AND CORRUPTION IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA: A CASE OF PREDATORY POLICING? Theodore P. Gerber Sarah E. Mendelson [FNa1] Copyright © 2008 by... 2008 Yes
Harvey Gee Race and the American Criminal Justice System: Three Arguments about Criminal Law, Social Science, and Criminal Procedure 85 University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 115 (Winter 2008) The last two years have witnessed a two-year rise in the rate of violent crime in large United States metropolitan cities. Simultaneously, the rate of incarceration in the United States is continuing to rise at unprecedented rates. The Sentencing Project notes that the number of people in prisons and jails increase[ed] from 330,000 in 1972 to 2.1... 2008  
Robert M. Entman , Kimberly A. Gross Race to Judgment: Stereotyping Media and Criminal Defendants 71-FALL Law and Contemporary Problems 93 (Autumn 2008) The media's coverage of the Duke lacrosse story generated controversy from the very beginning. Early on, criticism came from those who felt that the media mistreated the accuser; later, critics wondered why coverage failed to direct more attention to the weakness of the prosecution's case. And throughout, critics suggested that the media mistreated... 2008  
Jeremy R. Lacks The Lone American Dictatorship: How Court Doctrine and Police Culture Limit Judicial Oversight of the Police Use of Deadly Force 64 New York University Annual Survey of American Law 391 (2008) At approximately 8:00 p.m. on October 3, 1997, as plainclothes Philadelphia police officers Thomas Hood and Anthony Swinton patrolled the city in an unmarked police car, they were passed by a Mercury Mystique driving at a high speed in a nontraffic lane. Both officers were relatively new to the job, and it was the first time either officer had been... 2008 Yes
Kami Chavis Simmons The Politics of Policing: Ensuring Stakeholder Collaboration in the Federal Reform of Local Law Enforcement Agencies 98 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 489 (Winter 2008) The principle of the sovereignty of the people, which to some extent always underlies nearly all human institutions, is ordinarily wrapped in obscurity. People obey it without recognizing it; if light should chance briefly to fall on it, they are quick to relegate it to the darkness of the sanctuary. Title 42 U.S.C. § 14141 authorizes the United... 2008 Yes
Craig B. Futterman, H. Melissa Mather, Melanie Miles The Use of Statistical Evidence to Address Police Supervisory and Disciplinary Practices: the Chicago Police Department's Broken System 1 DePaul Journal for Social Justice 251 (Spring 2008) In 2003 and 2004, Diane, a 50-year-old African American school janitor and mother of three, was subjected to multiple acts of abuse by a group of Chicago police officers. These officers were members of an elite tactical team that patrolled public housing on Chicago's South Side. Known to local residents as the Skullcap Crew, they had a reputation; Search Snippet: ...Police Misconduct Series THE USE OF STATISTICAL EVIDENCE TO ADDRESS POLICE SUPERVISORY AND DISCIPLINARY PRACTICES: THE CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT'S BROKEN SYSTEM Craig B. Futterman H. Melissa Mather Melanie... 2008 Yes
Noah Kupferberg Transparency: a New Role for Police Consent Decrees 42 Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 129 (Fall, 2008) In the late 1990s and early 2000s, strong, bilateral public sentiment against racial profiling by police led to numerous judicial consent decrees designed to prevent profiling. This Note examines three such consent decrees, of varying effectiveness and provenance, governing three major metropolitan police departments over roughly the same time... 2008 Yes
Stefanie T. Scott Trying to Touch the Untouchables: the Challenges Faced by Texas Plaintiffs Asserting Failure-to-protect Suits Against Police Departments 27 Review of Litigation 539 (Spring 2008) I. Introduction. 540 II. Sovereign Immunity Protects Police Departments Unless the State Has Waived Immunity. 541 A. Sovereign Immunity in Texas: Texas Tort Claims Act. 543 1. The TTCA Guarantees Very Limited Liability. 544 2. Good Faith and Reasonableness Standard. 546 3. Intentional Torts: Exceptions to the Texas Tort Claims Act. 547 B. Accepting... 2008 Yes
Dina Mishra Undermining Excessive Privacy for Police: Citizen Tape Recording to Check Police Officers' Power 117 Yale Law Journal 1549 (May, 2008) In Jean v. Massachusetts State Police, police officers conducted a warrantless search of Paul Pechonis's home. Unbeknownst to them, the search was audiotaped and videotaped by a nanny-cam. Pechonis later gave the recording to Mary Jean, who posted it on her Web site with commentary criticizing the local District Attorney. The officers claimed; Search Snippet: ...Yale Law Journal May, 2008 Comment UNDERMINING EXCESSIVE PRIVACY FOR POLICE: CITIZEN TAPE RECORDING TO CHECK POLICE OFFICERS' POWER Dina Mishra Copyright (c) 2008 Yale Law Journal... 2008 Yes
Kristin Connor Updating Brignoni-ponce: a Critical Analysis of Race-based Immigration Enforcement 11 NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 567 (2008) Introduction. 568 I. Current Law on the Permissible Use of Race in Immigration Enforcement. 570 A. Search and Seizure Standard for Police Stops. 570 B. Brignoni-Ponce: Reasonable Suspicion and Permissibility of Race as One of Many Factors. 572 C. Martinez-Fuerte: Rejecting Stigmatization Concerns and Allowing Secondary Checkpoint Stops without... 2008  
Marc McAllister What the High Court Giveth the Lower Courts Taketh Away: How to Prevent Undue Scrutiny of Police Officer Motivations Without Eroding Randolph's Heightened Fourth Amendment Protections 56 Cleveland State Law Review 663 (2008) I. Introduction. 664 II. Randolph's Express Limitations of Its Rule. 669 III. The Defendant's Difficult Burden Under Randolph. 671 A. Post-Randolph Courts Require Defendant to Present Evidence that Police Intentionally Removed Him from the Scene. 672 B. Post-Randolph Courts Are Reluctant To Infer Ill Motive. 674 IV. Lawfully Avoiding Objections... 2008 Yes
Rachel A. Harmon When Is Police Violence Justified? 102 Northwestern University Law Review 1119 (Summer 2008) Introduction. 1119 I. Inadequacy and Indeterminacy in Police Use of Force Law. 1125 A. Garner, Graham, and Scott. 1128 B. The Consequences of an Impoverished Use of Force Doctrine. 1140 II. Justification Defenses and the Purposes of Police Coercion. 1146 A. Police Use of Force and Justification Defenses. 1146 B. Legitimate Law Enforcement; Search Snippet: ...REVIEW Northwestern University Law Review Summer 2008 Article WHEN IS POLICE VIOLENCE JUSTIFIED? Rachel A. Harmon [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2008 Northwestern... 2008 Yes
Craig S. Lerner An Introduction to Police Hunches 4 Journal of Law, Economics & Policy Pol'y 1 (Fall, 2007) In the years immediately preceding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, hunches, and the police officers who dared to act upon them, were regularly abused in the popular press, courts, and legislatures of America. What was a hunch, after all, but a prejudice, a stereotype, a relic of a benighted past laden with intolerance and bigotry? Then... 2007 Yes
Craig S. Lerner An Introduction to Police Hunches 4 Journal of Law, Economics & Policy 1 (Fall, 2007) In the years immediately preceding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, hunches, and the police officers who dared to act upon them, were regularly abused in the popular press, courts, and legislatures of America. What was a hunch, after all, but a prejudice, a stereotype, a relic of a benighted past laden with intolerance and bigotry? Then; Search Snippet: ...Policy Fall, 2007 Rational Hunches and Policing AN INTRODUCTION TO POLICE HUNCHES Craig S. Lerner [FNa1] Copyright © 2007 Journal of Law... 2007 Yes
Russell L. Jones Bernard E. Harcourt's Against Prediction: Profiling, Policing, and Punishing in an Actuarial Age (2006) 4 Journal of Law, Economics & Policy 219 (Fall, 2007) Criminal profilingthe use of selected data to predict criminalityis a staple in the administration of criminal justice. Scholars who support criminal profiles suggest that more streamlined suspect pools permit law enforcement officers to better target limited resources to protect the non-offending population. In the administration of criminal; Search Snippet: ...Fall, 2007 Book Review BERNARD E. HARCOURT'S AGAINST PREDICTION: PROFILING, POLICING, AND PUNISHING IN AN ACTUARIAL AGE (2006) Russell L. Jones... 2007 Yes
Tom I. Romero, II Bound Between & Beyond the Borderlands: Region, Race, Scale and a Subnational Legal History 9 Oregon Review of International Law 301 (2007) In 1941, police charged and subsequently convicted a Black man and White woman in Denver, Colorado for violating the municipality's vagrancy code. According to the Police Judge who processed the case, the inter-racial relationship indicated that the couple clearly led an idle, immoral, and profligate course of life. Nearly a year later, a divided... 2007  
Dorothy E. Roberts Constructing a Criminal Justice System Free of Racial Bias: an Abolitionist Framework 39 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 261 (Fall 2007) In her last speech before her death in 1965, playwright Lorraine Hansberry incisively described the nature of racial bias in America. She did not speak about a fairer way of punishing the crimes of black people; rather, she identified the paramount crime in the United States as the refusal of its ruling classes to admit or acknowledge in any way... 2007  
Lewis R. Katz , Aaron P. Golembiewski Curbing the Dog: Extending the Protection of the Fourth Amendment to Police Drug Dogs 85 Nebraska Law Review 735 (2007) I. Introduction. 736 II. The Law. 739 A. United States v. Place. 739 B. United States v. Jacobsen. 743 C. Illinois v. Caballes. 746 III. The Drug Dog. 750 A. A Dog Sniff is Not a Minor Intrusion. 752 B. A Trained Drug Dog Does Not Only Alert to Contraband. 754 C. A Well-Trained Dog is Not Extremely Accurate When Alerting to Illegal Drugs. 757 1; Search Snippet: ...THE DOG: EXTENDING THE PROTECTION OF THE FOURTH AMENDMENT TO POLICE DRUG DOGS Lewis R. Katz [FNa1] Aaron P. Golembiewski [FNaa1... 2007 Yes
Elizabeth E. Joh Discretionless Policing: Technology and the Fourth Amendment 95 California Law Review 199 (February, 2007) What if we could eliminate police discretion from traffic stops by using a computer to accomplish what police officers do without racial prejudice? The technology and a plan to automate law enforcement exist, yet neither has received serious attention. An automated enforcement program would eliminate stops based on nearly all the most frequently... 2007 Yes
David Hirschel, Eve Buzawa, April Pattavina, Don Faggiani Domestic Violence and Mandatory Arrest Laws: to What Extent Do They Influence Police Arrest Decisions? 98 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 255 (Fall 2007) Current research on domestic violence indicates that intimate partner violence arrest rates have risen as a direct result of the implementation of mandatory and preferred arrest domestic violence laws. However, this research also suggests that part of this increase can be attributed to an increase in the arrest rate of females in cases of domestic... 2007 Yes
Christine S. Scott-Hayward Explaining Juvenile False Confessions: Adolescent Development and Police Interrogation 31 EXPLAINING JUVENILE FALSE CONFESSIONS: ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT AND POLICE INTERROGATION 53 (Spring, 2007) In May 1998, sixteen-year-old Allen Chesnet cut his hand while working in his Maryland basement. A reporter noticed Allen's bleeding hand while researching a story on a murder victim who lived nearby. Suspecting Allen's involvement in the murder, the reporter called the police. Allen was questioned, released, and then brought in for additional; Search Snippet: ...2007 Contributed Articles EXPLAINING JUVENILE FALSE CONFESSIONS: ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT AND POLICE INTERROGATION Christine S. Scott-Hayward [FNa1] Copyright © 2007 Law and... 2007 Yes
The Honorable Harold Baer, Jr. Got a Bad Feeling? Is That Enough? The Irrationality of Police Hunches 4 Journal of Law, Economics & Policy 91 (Fall, 2007) Police officers stopped a sight-seeing bus in Times Square on Sunday morning, and not because they suddenly desired to see the South Street Seaport. Urgent word had come to them of suspicious men on board, acting suspiciously in these suspicious times. Within seconds, the tourists on the double-decker bus had their hands raised high, in pantomime... 2007 Yes
Mary O'Rawe Human Rights, Transitional Societies and Police Training: Legitimating Strategies and Delegitimating Legacies 22 Saint John's Journal of Legal Commentary 199 (Summer 2007) A practically universal feature of violently conflicted societies is the damage done to the Rule of Law by allowing legislation and legal process to become another theatre of conflict. In such societies law is manipulated to fit a State conception of order and is thereby rendered unfit to sufficiently restrain and legitimise that order. In terms of... 2007 Yes
L. Darnell Weeden Johnnie Cochran Challenged America's New Age Officially Unintentional Black Code; a Constitutionally Permissible Racial Profiling Policy 33 Thurgood Marshall Law Review 135 (Fall, 2007) The topic to be addressed is racial profiling in America and Johnnie Cochran's efforts to make more Americans aware that race profiling exists and the practice is wrong. Johnnie Cochran's recent involvement with the issue of racial profiling has highlighted the fact that in America many local law enforcement officers still equate driving while... 2007  
Craig S. Lerner Judges Policing Hunches 4 Journal of Law, Economics & Policy 25 (Fall, 2007) In Terry v. Ohio, Chief Justice Earl Warren held that police officers could temporarily detain a suspect, provided they relied upon specific, reasonable inferences, and not simply upon an inchoate and unparticularized suspicion or hunch. Since Terry, courts have strained to distinguish reasonable suspicion, which is said to arise from the... 2007 Yes
Olatunde C.A. Johnson Legislating Racial Fairness in Criminal Justice 39 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 233 (Fall 2007) Twenty years ago, in McCleskey v. Kemp, the Supreme Court rejected a capital defendant's claim that statistical evidence of racial discrimination in the administration of Georgia's death penalty system constituted a violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. Yet, even as McCleskey effectively bars constitutional challenges to racial... 2007  
James J. Willis, Stephen D. Mastrofski, David Weisburd Making Sense of Compstat: a Theory-based Analysis of Organizational Change in Three Police Departments 41 Law and Society Review 147 (March, 2007) COMPSTAT, the latest innovation in American policing, has been widely heralded as a management and technological system whose elements work together to transform police organizations radically. Skeptical observers suggest that COMPSTAT merely reinforces existing structures and practices. However, in trying to assess how much COMPSTAT has altered... 2007 Yes
Jeffrey Fagan , Mukul Bakhshi New Frameworks for Racial Equality in the Criminal Law 39 Columbia Human Rights Law Review Rev. 1 (Fall 2007) This year marked the twentieth anniversary of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in McCleskey v. Kemp, a case whose ramifications for the pursuit of racial equality within criminal justice are still felt today. McCleskey set an impossibly high bar for constitutionally-based challenges seeking fundamental racial fairness in capital punishment. The... 2007  
Steve Herbert, University of Washington Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives. Edited by David Weisburd and Anthony A. Braga. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. Xx+367. $28.00 Paper 41 Law and Society Review 754 (September, 2007) The unrest that plagued American cities in the 1960s led to a crisis of confidence in several institutions, the police not least among them. Many urban riots were touched off by a police-citizen encounter, clear evidence of the symbolic position officers occupied in many communities. This crisis of confidence coincided with the rise of social... 2007 Yes
Eric Citron Police Pretext as a Democracy Problem 116 Yale Law Journal Pocket Part 364 (April 30, 2007) Democracy, at the very least, requires that the dangerous branches of government--like the executive and law enforcement--be accountable to the people or their representatives. Ignoring claims of police pretext, as our Fourth Amendment jurisprudence currently does, creates a barrier to that accountability because it shields bad police purposes from... 2007 Yes
Elizabeth Seals Police Use of Tasers: the Truth Is "Shocking" 38 Golden Gate University Law Review 109 (Fall 2007) Protect Life. Taser International's slogan may be catchy, but it may mislead the public into believing that the taser devices the company manufacturers are as safe as it claims. To the contrary, there have been over 250 deaths throughout the United States and Canada following police-delivered taser shocks, and that number keeps growing. Not all; Search Snippet: ...LAW REVIEW Golden Gate University Law Review Fall 2007 Comment POLICE USE OF TASERS: THE TRUTH IS SHOCKING Elizabeth Seals [FNa1... 2007 Yes
Amit Sen Policing the Border: Regulating Race, Gender, and Sexuality 8 Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law 67 (2007) I used to wonder About living and dying - I think the difference lies Between tears and crying. I used to wonder About here and there - I think the distance Is nowhere. --Langston Hughes, Border Lines This paper is born out of extremely personal experiences. It is born out of watching my Bengali mother shed tears of indignation in Britain at the... 2007 Yes
Andrew E. Taslitz Racial Blindsight: the Absurdity of Color-blind Criminal Justice 5 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law L. 1 (Fall, 2007) In this introductory essay to this symposium, Professor Taslitz argues that the modern criminal justice system is plagued by racial blindsight. Analogizing to the physical phenomenon of blindsight in which a blind person sees objects but does not know that he sees them, Taslitz maintains that criminal justice system actors often view the world... 2007  
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