| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | key Terms in Title |
| Lenese Herbert |
Plantation Lullabies: How Fourth Amendment Policing Violates the Fourteenth Amendment Right of African Americans to Parent |
19 Saint John's Journal of Legal Commentary 197 (Winter/Spring 2005) |
A society that does not protect its adults cannot protect its children. Lullabies, dulcet melodies becalm and promise comfort, safety, and security midst their stanzas and refrain. Peaceful, restorative slumber is the goal; relaxation is a prerequisite. The child, recipient of such calming energy, is rendered impervious to her worldly woes,... |
2005 |
Yes |
| David Alan Sklansky |
Police and Democracy |
103 Michigan Law Review 1699 (June, 2005) |
What constraints does a commitment to democracy place on law enforcement? What implications, conversely, do modern police forces have for how we think about democracy? What is the relationship, in short, between democracy and policing? Everyone seems to agree that the relationship is important. References to democracy or to democratic values... |
2005 |
Yes |
| Robert J. Louden |
Policing Post-9/11 |
32 Fordham Urban Law Journal 757 (July, 2005) |
This essay was originally envisioned as a straightforward presentation and review of policing America in 2005. Life is seldom as uncomplicated as it may first appear. As my research progressed it became apparent that commenting on aspects of present-day policing would not be meaningful without a consideration of the formation of the police function... |
2005 |
Yes |
| Steven Zeidman |
Policing the Police: the Role of the Courts and the Prosecution |
32 Fordham Urban Law Journal 315 (March, 2005) |
The Conference on New York City's Criminal Courts asked, Are We Achieving Justice. Given that those courts contended with approximately 190,000 misdemeanor arrests in 2003, up from 130,000 in 1993, the question is increasingly relevant and important. This Essay focuses on how, and whether, the component parts of the courts-- judges, court... |
2005 |
Yes |
| William H. Buckman |
Racial Profiling: Truth and Consequences |
233-APR New Jersey Lawyer, the Magazine 16 (April, 2005) |
By the late 1980s, the issue of racial profiling was beginning to attract critical attention from the legal community. From beyond the ranks of the usual Jeremiahs, prominent judges were noticing its pernicious effects. Judge Nathaniel Jones of the Sixth Circuit expressed his concern over increased targeting of individuals for police investigation... |
2005 |
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| Rachel E. Brodin |
Remedying a Particularized Form of Discrimination: Why Disabled Plaintiffs Can and Should Bring Claims for Police Misconduct under the Americans with Disabilities Act |
154 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 157 (November 1, 2005) |
On November 18, 2000, Ryan K. Schorr, a twenty-five-year-old who suffered from bipolar disorder, was involuntarily committed to the Holy Spirit Hospital in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, after his family and roommate noticed that his condition was deteriorating. Though Schorr was placed in a high security room at the hospital, when a crisis intervention; Search Snippet: ...DISCRIMINATION: WHY DISABLED PLAINTIFFS CAN AND SHOULD BRING CLAIMS FOR POLICE MISCONDUCT UNDER THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT Rachel E. Brodin... |
2005 |
Yes |
| Christopher J. Roederer |
The Constitutionally Inspired Approaches to Police Accountability for Violence Against Women in the U.s. and South Africa: Conservation Versus Transformation |
13 Tulsa Journal of Comparative & International Law 91 (Fall 2005) |
In this last term, the highest courts in the U.S. and South Africa, respectively, the United States Supreme Court in Town of Castle Rock, Colorado v. Gonzales and the South African Constitutional Court in N.K. v. Minister of Safety and Security, overturned decisions from their appellate courts, the Tenth Circuit and the Supreme Court of Appeals; Search Snippet: ...International Law Fall 2005 Article THE CONSTITUTIONALLY INSPIRED APPROACHES TO POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY FOR VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN THE U.S. AND SOUTH... |
2005 |
Yes |
| Alan W. Clarke |
The Ku Klux Klan Act and the Civil Rights Revolution: How Civil Rights Litigation Came to Regulate Police and Correctional Officer Misconduct |
7 Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Minority Issues 151 (Spring 2005) |
I. Introduction. 152 II. Origins of the Ku Klux Klan Act. 154 III. Criminal Justice Revolution in the Twentieth Century: Federalizing Police and Correctional Officers' Liability. 157 IV. The Early Decisions: The Beginnings of Federal Liability for Official Misconduct in Law Enforcement. 164 V. Correctional Officers. 167 VI. Liability of Federal; Search Snippet: ...CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION: HOW CIVIL RIGHTS LITIGATION CAME TO REGULATE POLICE AND CORRECTIONAL OFFICER MISCONDUCT Alan W. Clarke [FNa1] Copyright ©... |
2005 |
Yes |
| Ryken Grattet, Valerie Jenness |
The Reconstitution of Law in Local Settings: Agency Discretion, Ambiguity, and a Surplus of Law in the Policing of Hate Crime |
39 Law and Society Review 893 (December, 2005) |
An important yet poorly understood function of law enforcement organizations is the role they play in distilling and transmitting the meaning of legal rules to frontline law enforcement officers and their local communities. In this study, we examine how police and sheriff's agencies in California collectively make sense of state hate crime laws. To... |
2005 |
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| Steven Wu |
The Secret Ambition of Racial Profiling |
115 Yale Law Journal 491 (November, 2005) |
In 2000, a year after the shooting of Amadou Diallo, a select committee of the New York City Council held a series of meetings in the Bronx to address police-community relations. The committee intended the meetings to open a dialogue between police officers and city residents, perhaps even repair relations, but the first meeting degenerated into... |
2005 |
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| Christopher Tomlins |
To Improve the State and Condition of Man: the Power to Police and the History of American Governance |
53 Buffalo Law Review 1215 (Fall 2005) |
. . . in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare . . . . Preamble, United States Constitution (1788) The universal Law of Right may then be expressed, thus: Act externally in such a manner that the free exercise of thy Will may be able to; Search Snippet: ...IMPROVE THE STATE AND CONDITION OF MAN: THE POWER TO POLICE AND THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN GOVERNANCE The Police Power: Patriarchy and the the Foundations of American Government. By... |
2005 |
Yes |
| Mary Romero, Marwah Serag |
Violation of Latino Civil Rights Resulting from Ins and Local Police's Use of Race, Culture and Class Profiling: the Case of the Chandler Roundup in Arizona |
52 Cleveland State Law Review 75 (2005) |
I. Overview of the Chandler Roundup. 81 II. Urban Policing Practices and Constructing Citizenship. 83 III. Micro and Macroaggressions and Immigration Law Enforcement. 85 IV. Citizenship Socialization and Immigration Control. 91 V. Conclusion. 95 |
2005 |
Yes |
| Larry L. Rowe |
West Virginia Race Relations at the Turn of the 21st Century: a New Historical Perspective and Legislative Study of Racial Disparities in Education, Health, Civil Rights, Criminal Justice, Economic Development and Employment |
107 West Virginia Law Review 637 (Spring 2005) |
I. Introduction: Self Evaluation with a Historical Perspective. 638 II. After the Horror of Slavery: Segregation Days in Old Malden. 639 III. A Romantic Life in Segregation Days with No Bitterness Over Race Discrimination. 643 IV. A White Kid Growing Up In Rural Southern West Virginia. 644 V. Celebrating Brown v. Board of Education: Reflection and... |
2005 |
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| Roberta Ann Johnson |
Whistleblowing and the Police |
3 Rutgers Journal of Law & Urban Policy 74 (Fall, 2005) |
Most Americans are familiar with whistleblowers, people who go public with information about corruption, fraud and abuse in their own organizations. Whistleblowers are often seen on the nightly news and discussed in the morning newspapers. In December 2002, three whistleblowers were named Time magazine's Persons of the Year. Whistleblowers have; Search Snippet: ...Affordable Housing, and the War on Drugs WHISTLEBLOWING AND THE POLICE Roberta Ann Johnson [FN1] Copyright © 2005 by Rutgers Journal of... |
2005 |
Yes |
| Muneer I. Ahmad |
A Rage Shared by Law: Post-september 11 Racial Violence as Crimes of Passion |
92 California Law Review 1259 (October, 2004) |
Introduction. 1261 I. Private and Public Racial Violence in the Aftermath of September 11. 1265 A. Private Racial Violence. 1265 B. Public Racial Violence. 1267 II. The Construction of Muslim-looking People and the Logic of Fungibility. 1278 III. Understanding the Origins of Post-September 11 Hate Violence. 1282 A. The Perpetrators'... |
2004 |
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| Robert A. Sedler |
Affirmative Action, Race, and the Constitution: from Bakke to Grutter |
92 Kentucky Law Journal 219 (2003-2004) |
When law schools and medical schools first adopted race-conscious admission policies in the middle-1960s, their primary purpose for doing so was not to obtain a racially diverse student body. Rather, the primary purpose was to increase the representation of African-Americans and other racial minorities such as Hispanics and Native-Americans in the... |
2004 |
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| Cynthia Lee |
But I Thought He Had a Gun |
2 Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal J. 1 (Fall, 2004) |
In the old days, the cops simply shot their black victims and [planted] a weapon the officers carried for such emergencies. Nowadays, weapons need exist only in the mind of the policeman in firing position. -Les Payne, Journalist for Newsday February 4, 1999. About midnight. Amadou Diallo, a 22-year-old immigrant from West Africa, had just come... |
2004 |
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| Cynthia Lee |
But I Thought He Had a Gun |
2 Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal 1 (Fall, 2004) |
In the old days, the cops simply shot their black victims and [planted] a weapon the officers carried for such emergencies. Nowadays, weapons need exist only in the mind of the policeman in firing position. -Les Payne, Journalist for Newsday February 4, 1999. About midnight. Amadou Diallo, a 22-year-old immigrant from West Africa, had just come; Search Snippet: ...Fall, 2004 Article BUT I THOUGHT HE HAD A GUN Race and Police Use of Deadly Force Cynthia Lee [FNa1] Copyright © 2004 by... |
2004 |
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| James Forman, Jr. |
Community Policing and Youth as Assets |
95 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Criminology 1 (Fall 2004) |
Over a decade after it was first introduced, community policing remains the most important innovation in American policing today. Called the most significant era in police organizational change since the introduction of the telephone, automobile, and two way radio, community policing has been supported by the past three Presidents, Congress,... |
2004 |
Yes |
| James Forman, Jr. |
Community Policing and Youth as Assets |
95 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1 (Fall 2004) |
Over a decade after it was first introduced, community policing remains the most important innovation in American policing today. Called the most significant era in police organizational change since the introduction of the telephone, automobile, and two way radio, community policing has been supported by the past three Presidents, Congress,; Search Snippet: ...of Criminal Law and Criminology Fall 2004 Criminal Law COMMUNITY POLICING AND YOUTH AS ASSETS James Forman, Jr. [FNa1] Copyright ©... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Peter M. Tiersma , Lawrence M. Solan |
Cops and Robbers: Selective Literalism in American Criminal Law |
38 Law and Society Review 229 (June, 2004) |
Police often ask people to consent to a search of their person or possessions. Many people agree to allow such searches because they interpret the officers' ostensible requests as indirect commands. Yet courts routinely interpret police utterances in this situation as requests. A similar issue arises in the context of custodial interrogation; Search Snippet: ...Law and Society Review June, 2004 Article of General Interest COPS AND ROBBERS: SELECTIVE LITERALISM IN AMERICAN CRIMINAL LAW Peter M... |
2004 |
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| Richard J. Lundman |
Driver Race, Ethnicity, and Gender and Citizen Reports of Vehicle Searches by Police and Vehicle Search Hits: Toward a Triangulated Scholarly Understanding |
94 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 309 (Winter 2004) |
The debate over race and ethnically targeted vehicle searches by police is currently dominated by two loosely organized and very different coalitions. The first consists of civil rights and social movement organizations, such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP),... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Dru Stevenson |
Entrapment and the Problem of Deterring Police Misconduct |
37 Connecticut Law Review 67 (Fall, 2004) |
Many of the states currently use a version of the entrapment defense known as the objective test, which focuses solely on the extent of police overreaching in the case, and seeks to deter police misconduct by acquitting the defendant. Acquitting defendants as a means of deterring undercover police misconduct, however, is a public policy fraught... |
2004 |
Yes |
| James M. Byrne, Don Hummer, The University of Massachusetts, Lowell |
Examining the Role of the Police in Reentry Partnership Initiatives |
68-SEP Federal Probation 62 (September, 2004) |
The development of partnerships in law enforcement is not a new idea, but it does appear that today's police are much more likely to enter into partnerships than their predecessors, especially at the local level. One reason for this new collaborative mindset on the part of the nation's 21,143 police agencies (Maguire, et al., 1998) is the adoption... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Jill Keblawi |
Immigration Arrests by Local Police: Inherent Authority or Inherently Preempted? |
53 Catholic University Law Review 817 (Spring, 2004) |
As a result of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush's Administration has used immigration policy as its primary weapon in terrorist prevention. Because there are only two thousand federal immigration agents and an estimated eight million undocumented immigrants, this Administration has encouraged the nation's... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Carroll Seron, Joseph Pereira, Jean Kovath |
Judging Police Misconduct: "Street-level" Versus Professional Policing |
38 Law and Society Review 665 (December, 2004) |
In their interactions with citizens, police officers are prohibited from (1) using unnecessary Force, (2) Abusing their authority, (3) speaking Discourteously, or (4) using Offensive language, all captured by the acronym FADO. However, acts of police misconduct are complex social phenomena that involve both following legal guidelines and responding... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Christian Halliburton |
Neither Separate Nor Equal: How Race-sensitive Enforcement of Criminal Laws Threatens to Undo Brown V. Board of Education |
3 Seattle Journal for Social Justice 45 (Fall/Winter, 2004) |
This year has given our country an opportunity to revisit and to reconsider the Supreme Court's landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education and to ask questions about how the legacy of Brown has thus far been realized. Reflecting on Brown, and considering the various ways in which this single decision reshaped our society, by altering in some... |
2004 |
|
| Barbara E. Armacost |
Organizational Culture and Police Misconduct |
72 George Washington Law Review 453 (March, 2004) |
Introduction. 453 I. Police Brutality: Rotten Apples or Rotten Barrel?. 457 A. Bad Attitudes and Bad Behavior. 459 B. Individual-Specific Remedies and Systemic Harms. 464 C. A Real-World Example. 478 D. The Unavailability of Injunctive Relief. 490 II. Police Brutality as an Organizational Problem. 493 A. Organizational Culture in Policing.... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Theresa A. Martinez |
Perceptions of Racial Profiling: Rap Music, Utah, and Police in American Culture |
2004 Utah Law Review 945 (2004) |
I would like to quote a participant in a public hearing held at the University of Utah by the Utah Task Force on Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Legal System. The task force was entrusted with compiling data on the issue of unequal treatment of people of color in the Utah legal system; the participant was an African American male. The transcript... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Harvey Gee |
Police Brutality and Citizen Complaints (Jill Nelson Ed., 2000) |
4 Connecticut Public Interest Law Journal 49 (Fall, 2004) |
The Rodney King beating of March of 1991 has become one of the most infamous cases of contemporary police brutality to date. On February 4, 1999, Amadou Diallo, a twenty-two-year-old immigrant from Guinea, was shot nineteen times and killed by members of the New York Police Department's Street Crime Unit. Haitian immigrant, Abner Louima, was... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Dick Broom |
Prejudice & Punishment |
19 Maine Bar Journal 102 (Spring, 2004) |
In a democracy, public policy is supposed to reflect public opinion or, at the very least, to take it into account. But what if public opinion is based on attitudes that run counter to the notion that all people are created equal? What if, on some issues, public opinion is shaped by racial prejudice? For nearly twenty years, two University of Maine... |
2004 |
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| Kevin R. Johnson |
Racial Profiling after September 11: the Department of Justice's 2003 Guidelines |
50 Loyola Law Review 67 (Spring 2004) |
Before September 11, 2001, a grim turning point in the history of the United States, the highest levels of government had condemned racial profiling by law enforcement. The nation had increasingly embraced the idea that impermissible reliance on race by police in traffic stops and other law enforcement activities was a serious problem, in addition... |
2004 |
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| Jason Sheffield |
Racial Profiling: Amend the Official Code of Georgia So as to Require Policies That Prohibit Law Enforcement Officers from Impermissibly Using Race or Ethnicity in Determining Whether to Stop a Motorist; Require Annual Training of Law Enforcement Officers |
21 Georgia State University Law Review 210 (Fall, 2004) |
Bill Number: HB 1327 Summary: In 2004, the Georgia General Assembly considered a bill to amend the portion of the Georgia Code dealing with motor vehicles and traffic. HB 1327 would have prohibited the use of race or ethnicity in forming probable cause or reasonable suspicion to stop a vehicle and would have mandated data collection for all traffic... |
2004 |
|
| Bernard E. Harcourt |
Rethinking Racial Profiling: a Critique of the Economics, Civil Liberties, and Constitutional Literature, and of Criminal Profiling More Generally |
71 University of Chicago Law Review 1275 (Fall 2004) |
New reporting requirements and data collection efforts by over four hundred law enforcement agencies across the country--including entire states such as Maryland, Missouri, and Washington --are producing a continuous flow of new evidence on highway police searches. For the most part, the data consistently show disproportionate searches of... |
2004 |
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| Marc L. Miller, Ronald F. Wright |
Secret Police and the Mysterious Case of the Missing Tort Claims |
52 Buffalo Law Review 757 (Summer 2004) |
Sometimes police officers get it wrong. They got it wrong in a Chicago neighborhood in 1997, when officers obtained a search warrant for a single-family residence where they believed that Troy, a 30-year-old man, was selling large amounts of cocaine base. When they arrived at the address on the warrant they discovered that it was split into three... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Nicholas L. Georgakopoulos , Indiana University, 530 West New York St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA |
Self-fulfilling Impressions of Criminality: Unintentional Race Profiling |
24 International Review of Law & Economics 169 (June, 2004) |
A society divides into a majority and a minority; each group may erroneously believe the other to be more crime prone. An investigating authority that is proportionately composed will tend to investigate the minority disproportionately. Despite unbiased courts, the minority will be overrepresented in the group of the convicted, fostering the false... |
2004 |
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| Michael J. Wishnie |
State and Local Police Enforcement of Immigration Laws |
6 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 1084 (May, 2004) |
Federal law enforcement agencies responded to the attacks of September 11, 2001, with forceful initiatives directed at noncitizens and their communities. Several of these measures raise grave civil rights concerns. Quite apart from investigations prompted by individualized leads, officials have singled out Arab, Muslim, and South Asian immigrants... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Keith S. Hampton |
Stranded in the Wasteland of Unregulated Roadway Police Powers: Can "Reasonable Officers" Ever Rescue Us? |
35 Saint Mary's Law Journal 499 (2004) |
I. Introduction. 500 II. The Expanding Superhighway of PolicePowers. 500 III. The Uniqueness of Automobile Stops. 513 IV. The Rise of the Pretext Doctrine. 514 V. State and Federal Courts Grapple with the Pretext Problem. 518 VI. Commentators' Analyses: Subjective Approach, the Reasonable Officer Test, and Hard Choices. 527 VII. The Supreme... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Steven D. Zansberg, Pamela Campos |
Sunshine on the Thin Blue Line: Public Access to Police Internal Affairs Files |
22-FALL Communications Lawyer 34 (Fall, 2004) |
Across the nation, cities are beset by angry allegations that police officers are abusive and out of control. Communities are torn apart by allegations of racial profiling or driving while black traffic stops. The video images of Rodney King being beaten by Los Angeles Police Department officers are recycled and rebroadcast each time a police... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Kathryn R.L. Rand, Steven Andrew Light |
Teaching Race Without a Critical Mass: Reflections on Affirmative Action and the Diversity Rationale |
54 Journal of Legal Education 316 (September, 2004) |
Here at the University of North Dakota, as across the country, affirmative action is a contentious and controversial issue, even after the U.S. Supreme Court's recent decision upholding the use of race-conscious university admissions policies in Grutter v. Bollinger. Teaching topics related to race at a school like UND presents particular... |
2004 |
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| Michael M. Hethmon |
The Chimera and the Cop: Local Enforcement of Federal Immigration Law |
8 University of the District of Columbia Law Review 83 (Fall 2004) |
Iobates sent Bellerophon away with orders to kill the Chimera that none might approach; a thing of immortal make, not human, lion-fronted and snake behind, a goat in the middle, and snorting out the breath of the terrible flame of bright fire. -- Homer, Iliad 6.179-182. The questions of if, when, and how local police can enforce federal immigration; Search Snippet: ...Nation's Capital The Treatment of Immigrants: THE CHIMERA AND THE COP: LOCAL ENFORCEMENT OF FEDERAL IMMIGRATION LAW Michael M. Hethmon [FNa1... |
2004 |
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| Jay Rothman, Randi Land |
The Cincinnati Police-community Relations Collaborative |
18-WTR Criminal Justice 35 (Winter, 2004) |
In early 2001, Cincinnati, Ohio, found itself confronted with accusations of racial profiling and increased tension between the African American community and the police, culminating in an outbreak of civil unrest. Thrust into an unwanted limelight, the city was challenged to look at alternative ways for resolving this conflict, which resulted in... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Elizabeth E. Joh |
The Paradox of Private Policing |
95 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 49 (Fall 2004) |
Most people think of security as some unarmed fat guy that can't speak English at the 7-Eleven. . . . That's not us at all. We're very policelike, even though we are security officers. -- Security guard employed by Intervention Agency, a security firm. Those who worry about the encroaching powers of the public police in the war against terrorism; Search Snippet: ...and Criminology Fall 2004 Criminal Law THE PARADOX OF PRIVATE POLICING Elizabeth E. Joh [FNa1] Copyright (c) 2004 Northwestern University, School... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Markus Dirk Dubber |
The Power to Govern Men and Things: Patriarchal Origins of the Police Power in American Law |
52 Buffalo Law Review 1277 (Fall 2004) |
This article explores the genealogy of the police power, the most expansive, least definite, and yet least scrutinized, of governmental powers. For centuries, it has been a commonplace that the power to police is, and must be from its very nature, incapable of any very exact definition or limitation. Upon the police power, the most essential,... |
2004 |
Yes |
| Paul Frymer, John D. Skrentny |
The Rise of Instrumental Affirmative Action: Law and the New Significance of Race in America |
36 Connecticut Law Review 677 (Spring, 2004) |
The Supreme Court's 5-4 decision in Grutter v. Bollinger makes clear that affirmative action policies in the United States are not going to disappear anytime soon. At the same time, the legal arguments defended in the case reflect a significant evolution in how the law understands affirmative action and, more broadly, the use of race in selection... |
2004 |
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| Carol Daugherty Rasnic |
The U.s. Supreme Court on Affirmative Action: Are Some of Us "More Equal" than Others? (With Some Comparisons to Post-good Friday Agreement Police Hiring in Northern Ireland) |
7 Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Minority Issues 23 (Fall 2004) |
I. Introduction. 23 II. Pre-Grutter Supreme Court Affirmative Action Decisions. 24 III. Grutter v. Bollinger. 42 IV. Some Comparisons with Policing in Post-Good Friday Agreement Northern Ireland. 62 V. Conclusion. 69 |
2004 |
Yes |
| Robert D. Crutchfield |
Warranted Disparity? Questioning the Justification of Racial Disparity in Criminal Justice Processing |
36 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 15 (Fall 2004) |
For more than twenty-five years, academic criminologists have engaged in a debate over whether there are substantial racial disparities in imprisonment in the United States, and, if so, the extent and nature of these disparities. For the most part, scholars have focused on how much disparity there is and have not really questioned the existence of... |
2004 |
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| Suzanne Meiners |
A Tale of Political Alienation of Our Youth: an Examination of the Potential Threats on Democracy Posed by Incomplete "Community Policing" Programs |
7 U.C. Davis Journal of Juvenile Law & Policy 161 (Winter, 2003) |
Lesean is a sixteen-year-old high school student in Brooklyn. Having grown up in one of the nation's toughest housing projects, he was delighted to find out that he was going to be spending most of his free time during the 2000-2001 school year talking about privacy rights and police-citizen interactions. I know Lesean because he was a member of... |
2003 |
Yes |
| Sarah Oliver |
Atwater V. City of Lago Vista: the Disappearing Fourth Amendment and its Impact on Racial Profiling |
5 Journal of Law & Social Challenges Challenges 1 (Summer 2003) |
Racial profiling--any police-initiated action that relies on race, ethnicity or national origin rather than behavior or other objective criteria--is generally viewed as repugnant in a democratic, law-based society. The United States Supreme Court, in the recently decided Atwater v. City of Lago Vista, eliminated, without discussion or... |
2003 |
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| Leslye E. Orloff, Mary Ann Dutton, Giselle Aguilar Hass, Nawal Ammar |
Battered Immigrant Women's Willingness to Call for Help and Police Response |
13 UCLA Women's Law Journal 43 (Fall/Winter 2003) |
This Article examines the barriers that battered immigrant women face when contacting the police for assistance in stopping or escaping intimate partner violence. It analyzes partial results from a large-scale research project undertaken by Ayuda, Inc. from 1992 to 1995 meant to assess the needs of immigrant Latinas in the Washington D.C.... |
2003 |
Yes |