AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Terms in Title or Summary
India M. Whaley THE LONG VOYAGE HOME 19 South Carolina Journal of International Law & Business 211 (Spring, 2023) This research paper (Paper) examines the international, constitutional, legal history, and current rights to housing in the United States (U.S.), Jamaica, and South Africa. This Paper addresses the federal and sub-national systems regarding affordable housing initiatives that drive policies associated with poverty and homelessness. Moreover, the... 2023  
Vincent M. Southerland THE MASTER'S TOOLS AND A MISSION: USING COMMUNITY CONTROL AND OVERSIGHT LAWS TO RESIST AND ABOLISH POLICE SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGIES 70 UCLA Law Review 2 (June, 2023) The proliferation and use of technology by law enforcement is rooted in the hope that technological tools can improve policing. Improvement, however, is relative. Quantitative data and qualitative experience have proven the criminal legal system a site of racial injustice and rank brutality. Police are one of the principal instruments of those... 2023  
Josh Gupta-Kagan , Christopher Church , Melissa Carter , Vivek Sankaran , Andrew Barclay THE NEW ORLEANS TRANSFORMATION: FOSTER CARE AS A RARE, TIME-LIMITED INTERVENTION 27 Lewis & Clark Law Review 417 (2023) This Article offers an initial evaluation of one reformed child protection system--New Orleans, Louisiana--and describes how a system that dramatically reduces the number of children in foster care might look. This system shows how a major metropolitan area can shrink its daily population of children in foster care to the low double digits, which... 2023  
Gillian R. Chadwick THE NONCITIZEN PARENT TRAP: HOW ABUSE VICTIMS BECOME STUCK BETWEEN FAMILY COURT AND IMMIGRATION LAW 71 University of Kansas Law Review 621 (May, 2023) Sonia was a 23-year-old artist who was born and raised in Santo Domingo. She met a 27-year-old American named Brett while he was making a documentary in the Dominican Republic. Brett and Sonia began dating. Brett was immediately infatuated with Sonia and began going to great lengths to court her. Brett's parents were wealthy, and he was able to... 2023  
Aziz Z. Huq THE PRIVATE SUPPRESSION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 101 Texas Law Review 1259 (May, 2023) On September 1, 2021, Texas's abortion ban, S.B. 8, went into effect even as the constitutional right to an abortion was under siege at the Supreme Court. It not only prohibited almost all abortions after six weeks but also allowed any private party to sue those who, knowingly or unwittingly, aid or abet such procedures. Texas's law has been... 2023  
Nicole K. McConlogue THE ROAD TO AUTONOMY 75 Oklahoma Law Review 815 (Summer, 2023) Scholars, activists, and advocates have long identified the transportation gap as a significant factor contributing to race- and class-based economic and other disparities. Carlessness correlates closely with race and poverty; meanwhile, widespread disinvestment in public transit results in low-income Black and Brown people suffering a... 2023  
Fredrick E. Vars THE SLAYER RULE: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION 48 ACTEC Law Journal 201 (Spring, 2023) Elmer Palmer murdered his grandfather. The undisputed motive was money. The grandfather's will included a large gift to Elmer, which the grandfather was poised to eliminate. Elmer acted first. Under the law at the time, Elmer would inherit despite having intentionally killed his grandfather: the existing will controlled. Unfortunately for Elmer,... 2023  
Heather Swadley THE STRUCTURAL HARMS OF PROVIDING MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES THROUGH THE BIPARTISAN SAFER COMMUNITIES ACT 102 Nebraska Law Review 52 (2023) Many have proclaimed that the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act is the most sweeping gun control legislation to be passed in decades. However, the bill is not primarily a gun control bill--instead, much of the Act seeks to improve mental health services in hopes of preventing gun violence. Such a move is not rooted in established evidence, which... 2023  
Emily Suski THE TWO TITLE IXS 101 North Carolina Law Review 403 (January, 2023) Title IX, a law that mandates equality, operates unequally. Title IX prohibits sex discrimination of all forms, including sexual harassment, in public schools. When students assert Title IX sexual harassment claims, one standard exists for determining Title IX's violation. The Supreme Court held that schools violate Title IX when they respond with... 2023  
Mariela Olivares THE UNPRAGMATIC FAMILY LAW OF MARGINALIZED FAMILIES 136 Harvard Law Review Forum 363 (April, 2023) In her excellent article Pragmatic Family Law, Professor Clare Huntington argues that divisive issues roiling U.S. politics, law, and society--such as abortion rights, gender-affirming health care for children, and parental involvement in and control over public school curricula regarding race and identity--have put a spotlight on family law. She... 2023  
Sarah J. Adams-Schoen THE WHITE SUPREMACIST STRUCTURE OF AMERICAN ZONING LAW 88 Brooklyn Law Review 1225 (Summer, 2023) When I began this research project in the summer of 2021, those who lived in the predominantly Black neighborhood where I grew up -- Portland, Oregon's Cully neighborhood--experienced a catastrophic and unprecedented heat wave at temperatures as much as 25°F higher than those who lived in Portland's restrictive, amenity rich single-family... 2023  
Darren Lenard Hutchinson THINLY ROOTED: DOBBS, TRADITION, AND REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE 65 Arizona Law Review 385 (Summer, 2023) In Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, the Supreme Court overruled Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey. These two cases held that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment encompassed a right of women to terminate a pregnancy. Roe reflected over 60 years of substantive due process precedent... 2023  
Shiv Narayan Persaud TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF CRITICAL RACE THEORY: DISPELLING FALSE CLAIMS AND MISREPRESENTATIONS 18 University of Massachusetts Law Review 79 (Winter, 2023) The Article discusses critical race theory as a paradigm shift, and further dispels the notion that it promotes a form of Marxism. With the rise of political attitudes toward seeking legislation to denounce CRT, it is incumbent upon those in legal studies to investigate and bring the value of CRT into the forefront. The purpose of this Article is... 2023  
Keith N. Hylton TWO APPROACHES TO EQUALITY, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR GRUTTER 56 Suffolk University Law Review 47 (2023) The question what is equality?, applied to the distribution of resources across races, suggests the following answer: when there appears to be no need for a policy that focuses on improving the welfare of one race relative to another. There is another way to approach the same question: Equality is when traditionally recognized paths to... 2023  
Allison Dentinger TWO SIDES TO THE SAME COIN: HOW TENANTS AND ATTORNEYS CAN COMBINE TO WIN HOUSING JUSTICE FOR ALL 32 Journal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law 281 (2023) One of the most destabilizing events in a person's life is coming home to find a Warrant of Eviction posted on the door. That notice indicates that the tenant's family has only days to be out of their home if they want to avoid being forced out by the eviction marshal. This is an increasing reality for low-income tenants, particularly tenants of... 2023  
Danielle Pelfrey Duryea , Peggy Maisel , Kelley Saia, MD UN-ERASING RACE IN A MEDICAL-LEGAL PARTNERSHIP: ANTIRACIST HEALTH JUSTICE ADVOCACY BY DESIGN 70 Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 97 (2023) [I]t is only by naming racism, asking the question How is racism operating here? and then mobilizing with others to actually confront the system and dismantle it that we can have any significant or lasting impacts on the pervasive racial health disparities that have plagued this country for centuries. --Camara Phyllis Jones, MD, MPH, PhD This... 2023  
Lindsay Sain Jones , Goldburn P. Maynard, Jr. UNFULFILLED PROMISES OF THE FINTECH REVOLUTION 111 California Law Review 801 (June, 2023) While financial technology (fintech) has the potential to make financial services more accessible and affordable, hope that technology alone can solve the complex issue of wealth inequality is misplaced. After all, fintech companies are still subject to the same market forces as traditional financial institutions, with little incentive to address... 2023  
Lindsay F. Wiley UNIVERSALISM, VULNERABILITY, AND HEALTH JUSTICE 70 UCLA Law Review Discourse 204 (5/27/2023) This Essay responds to two recent articles which, on the surface, appear to pull the health justice movement in different directions: Angela Harris and Aysha Pamukcu's The Civil Rights of Health and Martha Albertson Fineman's Vulnerability and Social Justice. As a framework for health law scholarship and advocacy, health justice emphasizes... 2023  
Katherine Wilkin USE WITH NO REVIEW: HOW SPECIAL USE PERMITS IN MUNICIPAL ZONING PERPETUATE ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE IN FOSSIL FUEL INFRASTRUCTURE SITING 54 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 952 (Spring, 2023) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 954 I. The Limited Assessment of Special Use Permits and Their Role in Environmental Justice. 956 A. A Brief Overview of Environmental Justice in the United States. 957 B. Role of Land Use Planning in Environmental Justice. 959 C. Special Use Permits as a Mechanism of Municipal Zoning. 962 D. Lack of Scholarship... 2023  
Andrew Darcy USING STATE LAW TO ENFORCE "AFFIRMATIVELY FURTHER" FAIR HOUSING OBLIGATIONS: NO LONGER FITTING A SQUARE PEG IN A ROUND HOLE 29 Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice 593 (Summer, 2023) C1-2Table of Contents Part I: Introduction. 594 Part II: Housing Discrimination in the United States and the AFFH. 596 A. High-Level Overview of Housing Discrimination in the United States. 596 B. The Fair Housing Act and the Obligation to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing. 600 Part III: AFFH Enforcement--and Lack Thereof. 604 Part IV: New York's... 2023  
Daniel J. Hemel, Lisa Larrimore Ouellette VALUING MEDICAL INNOVATION 75 Stanford Law Review 517 (March, 2023) Abstract. Scholars and policymakers across the ideological spectrum agree that the U.S. drug pricing system is deeply flawed. Most reform proposals focus on one symptom: high prices for existing drugs. But high prices aren't all that ails the U.S. drug pricing system: Current law also provides weak incentives for medical innovation across wide... 2023  
Catherine Powell WAR ON COVID: WARFARE AND ITS DISCONTENTS 70 UCLA Law Review Discourse 2 (2023) L1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction. 4 I. Wartime Framework: Presidential Overreach and Underreach. 10 A. Presidential Rhetoric: Using a War Framing for the COVID-19 Crisis. 10 B. Presidential Power and Legal Authority. 12 C. Executive Underreach and Overreach. 14 D. Executive Underreach and Overreach during the Trump Administration. 15 E. Executive... 2023  
Heather Payne, Jennifer D. Oliva WARRANTYING HEALTH EQUITY 70 UCLA Law Review 1030 (October, 2023) The United States is experiencing a significant rise in the prevalence of asthma and other debilitating respiratory and cardiovascular ailments that disproportionately burden low income and marginalized Americans. This is due in large measure to climate change, which is responsible for increasingly devastating air quality events--including... 2023  
Yuvraj Joshi WEAPONIZING PEACE 123 Columbia Law Review 1411 (June, 2023) American racial justice opponents regularly wield a desire for peace, stability, and harmony as a weapon to hinder movement toward racial equality. This Essay examines the weaponization of peace historically and in legal cases about property, education, protest, and public utilities. Such peace claims were often made in bad faith and with little or... 2023  
Charisa Smith WHEN COVID CAPITALISM SILENCES CHILDREN 71 University of Kansas Law Review 553 (May, 2023) The lingering COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in policy developments that mar child and family wellbeing while effectively suppressing U.S. children in civic life. Although the prevailing framework for child-parent-state conflicts already antagonized families and disenfranchised youth, COVID Capitalism threatens to silence children on virtually... 2023  
Alison Peebles WHEN PERMANENCY IS PERMANENT SEPARATION: IN THE FAMILY REGULATION SYSTEM, A TEMPORARY REMOVAL FAST TRACKS TERMINATING PARENTS' RIGHTS 31 Journal of Law & Policy 197 (2023) The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) is a federal law that creates a mandate for states to move to terminate parents' rights if a child has been in foster care for fifteen out of the twenty-two most recent months. The federal government then pays states for each adoption over a set threshold amount, which has resulted in terminating over two... 2023  
Erika K. Wilson WHITE CITIES, WHITE SCHOOLS 123 Columbia Law Review 1221 (June, 2023) Across the country, violent tactics were employed to create and maintain all-white municipalities. The legacy of that violence endures today. An underexamined space in which that violence endures is within school districts. Many school district boundary lines encompass geographic areas that were created as whites-only municipalities through both... 2023  
Deborah M. Weissman WHO NEEDS THE STATE?: WE DO (MAYBE) 101 North Carolina Law Review 1261 (June, 2023) The interdependency between private needs and public support is nowhere set in as sharp relief than in the relationship between the family and the State. Families, perhaps the most intimate of all social arrangements, depend upon government safety net guarantees to families in need. But the norm of State support to families is a condition that... 2023  
Sonia M. Suter , The George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC, USA WHY REASON-BASED ABORTION BANS ARE NOT A REMEDY AGAINST EUGENICS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY 10 Journal of Law & the Biosciences 1 (January-June, 2023) In Box v Planned Parenthood, Justice Thomas wrote an impassioned concurrence describing abortions based on sex, disability or race as a form of modern-day eugenics'. He defended the challenged Indiana reason-based abortion (RBA) ban as a necessary antidote to these practices. Inspired by this concurrence, legislatures have increasingly enacted... 2023  
Logan K. Jackson WILLFUL DISREGARD: HOW IGNORING STRUCTURAL RACISM IN MATERNAL MORTALITY HAS LED BLACK WOMEN TO BECOME INVISIBLE IN THEIR OWN CRISIS 38 Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice 131 (2023) Indeed, in important respects, if the general discourse that surrounds racial disparities in maternal mortality is impoverished, then we should expect that the solutions that observers propose to this problem will be impoverished as well. Introduction. 132 I. The Historical Legacy of Slavery on Black Women's Reproductive Health and Autonomy. 134 A.... 2023  
Charisa Smith YOUTH VISIONS AND EMPOWERMENT: RECONSTRUCTION THROUGH REVOLUTION 75 Rutgers University Law Review 825 (Spring, 2023) We've had this idea of growing up thinking, what the heck is this? What the heck is going on? .. [T]his isn't right. This is crazy. We need a whole new system .. OK, you guys might have been raised to think that this system benefits you, but you've been brainwashed. Let us give it to you straight. --Lily Mandel at age seventeen, organizer at Bucks... 2023  
Helen Sprainer AIR QUALITY EQUITY: WHY THE CLEAN AIR ACT FAILED TO PROTECT LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES AND COMMUNITIES OF COLOR FROM COVID-19 30 New York University Environmental Law Journal 123 (2022) The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the many ways in which low-income communities and communities of color suffer disproportionate harms during a disaster. This pandemic is an environmental injustice because the inequitable development and enforcement of our environmental laws has left some communities more at risk for serious infection... 2022  
Emily R.D. Murphy BRAINS WITHOUT MONEY: POVERTY AS DISABLING 54 Connecticut Law Review 699 (May, 2022) The United States has long treated poverty and disability as separate legal and social categories, a division grounded in widespread assumptions about the deserving and undeserving poor. In the case of disability, individuals generally are not thought to be morally responsible for their disadvantage, whereas in the case of poverty, individuals... 2022 Yes
Gregory E. Louis BRIDGING THE TWO CULTURES: TOWARD TRANSACTIONAL POVERTY LAWYERING 28 Clinical Law Review 411 (Spring, 2022) As U.S. society emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic that decimated Black and Brown communities and law schools reexamine their curricula after the summer of 2020, a moment of interest convergence has emerged: the need for legal education to matter for Black and Brown livelihoods. This Article proposes a concrete measure for meeting this moment.... 2022 Yes
Ritsuko Kurita , Kanagawa University COPING WITH WELFARE SHAME: RESPONSES OF URBAN INDIGENOUS AND NON-INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TO "MUTUAL OBLIGATION" REQUIREMENTS IN AUSTRALIA 45 PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 171 (November, 2022) This article examines how Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in cities navigate welfare and the mutual obligation regime in Australia. Since the introduction of the mutual obligation requirements (MORs) and the accompanying Work for the Dole program, initially for Indigenous and later for non-Indigenous welfare beneficiaries, welfare recipients... 2022 Yes
Michele Estrin Gilman EXPANDING CIVIL RIGHTS TO COMBAT DIGITAL DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF POVERTY 75 SMU Law Review 571 (Summer, 2022) Low-income people suffer from digital discrimination on the basis of their socio-economic status. Automated decision-making systems, often powered by machine learning and artificial intelligence, shape the opportunities of those experiencing poverty because they serve as gatekeepers to the necessities of modern life. Yet in the existing legal... 2022 Yes
Michael Tubbs FEDERAL RETIREMENT SAVINGS ACCOUNTS CAN BUILD WEALTH, FIGHT POVERTY, AND GIVE AMERICAN SENIORS DIGNITY 40 Yale Law and Policy Review 642 (Spring, 2022) Fifty-eight years ago, President Lyndon Johnson declared an unconditional war on poverty in America because too many Americans lived on the outskirts of hope--some because of their poverty, and some because of their color, and all too many because of both. He diagnosed poverty as our nation's failure to give our fellow citizens a fair chance... 2022 Yes
Katie Whitley INCREASING ACCESS TO HIGH-QUALITY SCHOOLS IN INDIANAPOLIS THROUGH THE LOW-INCOME HOUSING TAX CREDIT QUALIFIED ALLOCATION PLAN 55 Indiana Law Review 879 (2022) Countless children in the greater Indianapolis metropolitan area lack access to high-quality public schools due to the median income and racial makeup of their neighborhood. School and residential racial segregation in our country, coupled with inequitable distribution of resources across neighborhoods and schools, creates a system in which... 2022  
Nino C. Monea LOW INCOME, POOR OUTCOME: UNEQUAL TREATMENT OF INDIGENT DEFENDANTS 67 Wayne Law Review 345 (Winter, 2022) Abstract. 345 I. Introduction. 346 II. Criminalizing Poverty. 349 A. Outlawing Cheap Housing or No Housing. 349 B. Traffic Laws that Hinge on Wealth. 352 C. Cash Bail. 357 III. Debtor Prisons. 360 A. Mountainous Fines. 361 B. Collateral Expenses. 364 C. Public Defender Fees. 367 D. Private Debts, Public Enforcement. 370 E. Lack of Fee Waivers. 372... 2022 Yes
Michele Estrin Gilman ME, MYSELF, AND MY DIGITAL DOUBLE: EXTENDING SARA GREENE'S STEALING (IDENTITY) FROM THE POOR TO THE CHALLENGES OF IDENTITY VERIFICATION 106 Minnesota Law Review Headnotes 301 (Spring, 2022) In the social jungle of human existence, there is no feeling of being alive without a sense of identity.--Erik Erikson We are not hiding who we are. We are who we say we are.--Tricia George, unemployment insurance applicant locked out of the system Identity is foundational to human existence. Philosopher John Locke linked identity to... 2022 Yes
Sophia Hunt, Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA POLICING WELFARE: PUNITIVE ADVERSARIALISM IN PUBLIC ASSISTANCE. BY SPENCER HEADWORTH. CHICAGO: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, 2021. 272 PP. $32.50 PAPERBACK 56 Law and Society Review 159 (March, 2022) President Reagan notably fought to reform the welfare system and to curb the abuse of government programs. He famously argued that he wanted his agents of oversight and investigation to be as relentless and unsparing as junkyard dogs' in the effort to identify and eradicate wasteful or ill-advised expenditures (p. 27). While much is known about... 2022 Yes
Samiksha Manjani POOR GABRIEL: HOW AMBIGUOUS STATE IMMUNITY POLICIES FOR CHILD PROTECTION AGENCY WORKERS FAIL CHILDREN OF COLOR 30 American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 57 (2022) I. Introduction. 5.8 II. Background. 61 A. The Development of the Child Welfare System. 61 1. The Advent of an Overburdened Child Welfare State. 61 2. The Overrepresentation of Children of Color in the Child Welfare System. 62 B. The Evolution of Children's Rights in America. 63 1. DeShaney: Do Children Have Due Process Rights?. 63 2. An Overview:... 2022 Yes
Sarah Brown PROMULGATING POVERTY: HOW AI TECHNOLOGY EXACERBATES POVERTY ISSUES IN PUBLIC PROGRAMS 49 Northern Kentucky Law Review 267 (2022) Since 1935, the United States has funded public welfare programs for its needy citizens. These vital government programs provide assistance with food, housing, health care, and other basic living expenses through programs such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI), the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Temporary Assistance for... 2022 Yes
Brittany L. Deitch REHABILITATION OR REVOLVING DOOR: HOW PAROLE IS A TRAP FOR THOSE IN POVERTY 111 Georgetown Law Journal Online 46 (2022) On any given day, one in four incarcerated persons in the United States is locked up for a technical violation of their community supervision. The United States has thus created a mass incarceration problem and mass supervision problem that fuel each other through the parole system. When an individual is fortunate enough to be released from prison... 2022  
Celia Feldman RENTING WHILE POOR: HOW RENT ESCROW VIOLATES TENANTS' DUE PROCESS RIGHTS 51 University of Baltimore Law Review 247 (Spring, 2022) I. INTRODUCTION. 248 II. SOCIETAL JUDGMENTS REGARDING POVERTY. 250 A. Exclusion of Low-Income Americans from Aid Programs Based on Moral Judgments. 251 B. Exclusion of Low-Income Minorities from Communities and Housing Through Moralistic and Exclusionary Zoning. 252 III. REFORMS IN LANDLORD-TENANT LAW. 256 A. The Warranty of Habitability. 256 B.... 2022 Yes
Claire S. Raj RIGHTS TO NOWHERE: THE IDEA'S INADEQUACY IN HIGH-POVERTY SCHOOLS 53 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 409 (Spring, 2022) The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) successfully opened the schoolhouse doors to millions of students with disabilities. But more than forty years after its enactment, the law has proven largely inept at confronting the educational inequities faced by the many students with disabilities attending underfunded, high-poverty... 2022 Yes
Stacy Metcalf , Kelli L. Dickerson , Jennifer Lavoie , Jodi A. Quas THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND LAY PERCEPTIONS OF POVERTY AND NEGLECT 46 Law and Human Behavior 245 (August, 2022) Objectives: In cases of child neglect, intervention depends on accurate identification and reporting. Prior work has shown that individuals, especially those of high socioeconomic status (SES), conflate poverty and neglect when making identification and reporting decisions. The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in people's experiences with poverty,... 2022 Yes
Michael Bindas THE ONCE AND FUTURE PROMISE OF RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS FOR POOR AND MINORITY STUDENTS 132 Yale Law Journal Forum 529 (17-Nov-22) abstract. In Carson v. Makin, the Supreme Court provided the bookend to its 2002 decision in Zelman v. Simmons-Harris. Whereas Zelman held that the Establishment Clause permits the inclusion of religious options in educational-choice programs, Carson held that the Free Exercise prohibits their exclusion. Immediately, the public-school establishment... 2022 Yes
Dr. Katharine M. Broton, Charlotte Lenkaitis, Sarah Henry UNIVERSITIES AS PRODUCERS, MANAGERS, AND OPPONENTS OF POVERTY: THE CASE OF FOOD INSECURITY ON CAMPUS 29 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 337 (Spring, 2022) Given growing awareness of and actions to address food insecurity challenges in higher education, this paper is a response to the Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 2022 Symposium call to examine universities as producers, managers, and opponents of poverty. Bringing together the unique perspectives of a faculty scholar and two recent... 2022 Yes
  WELFARIST PROSECUTION 135 Harvard Law Review 2151 (June, 2022) Criminal justice reform advocates have long rallied against the criminalization of poverty in the United States. It's well established that criminal justice involvement disproportionately affects communities of color and low-income individuals. This is unsurprising given the historic tightening of the welfare state, coupled with the unprecedented... 2022  
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