AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearRelevancy
Mark Matthew Graham DOMESTIC VIOLENCE VICTIMS AND WELFARE "REFORM": THE FAMILY VIOLENCE OPTION IN ILLINOIS 5 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 433 (Spring 2002) I. Introduction II. Domestic Violence and Welfare A. The Problem of Poverty and Domestic Abuse B. The Prevalence of Domestic Violence Among Welfare Recipients C. The Impact of Domestic Violence on Welfare Recipients III. AFCD and Domestic Violence IV. Welfare Reform, TANF, and Domestic Violence V. TANF and The Family Violence Option A. The... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Beth Loy, Ph.D. EXPLORING A "NON-TRADITIONAL" CONTENDER IN THE BATTLE FOR EQUITABLE JUSTICE: INTRODUCING ECONOMIC WELFARE BIAS 11 Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 395 (Winter 2002) The existence of certain judicial biases is widely accepted, as is the source of these biases: bigotry. The exploration of more covert biases and the factors that stimulate them, however, remains untouched. One bias, rooted heavily in modern day capitalism, and its potential impact on the federal judiciary has been overlooked. This paper introduces... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Kenneth K. Wong FEDERAL EDUCATIONAL POLICY AS AN ANTI-POVERTY STRATEGY 16 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 421 (2002) The federal government has played a primary role in improving schooling opportunities for children of poverty. Since the 1960s, the federal government has relied on several major educational programs that are designed to promote racial integration, protect the educational rights of the handicapped, assist non-native English learners, and provide... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Angela Hooton FROM WELFARE RECIPIENT TO CHILDCARE WORKER: BALANCING WORK AND FAMILY UNDER TANF 12 Texas Journal of Women and the Law 121 (Fall 2002) I. Introduction. 122 II. Welfare Reform: From Welfare Recipient to Worker. 125 A. A Need for Change. 125 B. Statutory Highlights. 126 III. The Greatest Barrier to TANF's Success: Childcare. 127 A. Inadequacies in the Work Force. 129 B. Inadequacies in Meeting Low-Income Parents' Childcare Needs. 131 1. Access to Care. 134 a. The Different Types of... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Cyrus Vakili-Zad HAS GOVERNMENT FUNDING OF TMCS DIVERTED PUBLIC HOUSING TENANTS FROM PURSUING A NATIONAL MOVEMENT TO REDUCE POVERTY? 11-WTR Journal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law 135 (Winter, 2002) In 1975, the Ford Foundation and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) formed the National Resident Management Demonstration program. This program was designed to promote tenant management within public housing developments experiencing both physical and social deterioration. Under this program, supported by HUD funding,... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Sahil Godiwala KILLING THE SCAPEGOAT: HOW THE POOR ARE MANIPULATED IN THE RIGHT TO DIE DEBATE 9 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 453 (Summer, 2002) There is no greater mystery than the moment of death, and for centuries, law and society have revered it as a point of great honesty, clarity, and freedom. However, there are limits on what the dying may do: paradoxically, a terminally ill patient loses choice and autonomy at the most crucial moment. Society allows a dying person to make many... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Duncan Kennedy LEGAL ECONOMICS OF U.S. LOW INCOME HOUSING MARKETS IN LIGHT OF "INFORMALITY" ANALYSIS 4 Journal of Law in Society 71 (Fall, 2002) This essay proposes a general framework for understanding the phenomenon of neighborhood transitions in low income housing markets in large urban areas. It is an attempt to bring to bear on typical Unitedstatesean phenomena the insights of a number of legal and nonlegal disciplines and subdisciplines that have up to now had little to say to one... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Karen Syma Czapanskiy PARENTS, CHILDREN, AND WORK-FIRST WELFARE REFORM: WHERE IS THE C IN TANF? 61 Maryland Law Review 308 (2002) One of these mornin's, you're goin' to rise up singin', Then you'll spread yo' wings an' you'll take to the sky. But till that mornin', ther's a-nuttin' can harm you With Daddy & Mammy standin' by. Jan and Pat were born in the same hospital in January 1997. Jan's mother, Jean, a single twenty-one-year-old woman who had finished two years of... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Kenneth L. Karst POVERTY AND RIGHTS: A PRE-MILLENNIAL TRIPTYCH 16 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 399 (2002) Come the Millennium, . . . . So began a common form for expressing a wish, when I was young. Often these words introduced an aspiration that was understood by speaker and listener alike to be utopian, a lovely but impossible dream. Come the Millennium, we might have said, all Americans will enjoy freedom from want. All the authors in this... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Dru Stevenson SHOULD ADDICTS GET WELFARE? ADDICTION & SSI/SSDI 68 Brooklyn Law Review 185 (Fall, 2002) For a brief period in our nation's history, drug abusers and alcoholics could receive disability cash assistance and free medical coverage from the federal government by proving that their addiction was severe enough to disable them from holding any job. From 1972 until 1994, addicts could, with certain qualifications, receive benefits under Social... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Mark Tushnet STATE ACTION, SOCIAL WELFARE RIGHTS, AND THE JUDICIAL ROLE: SOME COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONS 3 Chicago Journal of International Law 435 (Fall 2002) Consider the following cases: (1) A man employed by a private college informs his employer (in response to an inquiry) that he is gay. The employer fires him. The former employee sues the college, claiming that the college's action violates the nation's constitutional requirement that everyone be treated equally. (2) A hearing-impaired person seeks... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Thomas W. Ross THE FAITH-BASED INITIATIVE: ANTI-POVERTY OR ANTI-POOR? 9 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 167 (Winter, 2002) The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much; it is whether we provide enough for those who have too little. The public debate concerning the expansion of Charitable Choice and other planks of President Bush's Faith-Based Initiative thus far has centered on constitutionality, feasibility, and civil... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Randal S. Jeffrey THE IMPORTANCE OF DUE PROCESS PROTECTIONS AFTER WELFARE REFORM: CLIENT STORIES FROM NEW YORK CITY 66 Albany Law Review 123 (2002) The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 threatens the due process protections that, for over thirty years, have applied to public assistance programs throughout the country. This article will demonstrate, through an exploration of New York City's administration of its cash assistance programs and the consequence... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
David Dolinko THE PERILS OF WELFARE ECONOMICS 97 Northwestern University Law Review 351 (Fall 2002) [I]f there is to be a normative economics, from which prescriptive propositions and policies can be derived that are applicable to a particular society, then it cannot be raised on any presuppositions that do not accord with whatever ethical consensus remains in that society. One implication of this statement is that wherever propositions raised on... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Anna Marie Smith THE SEXUAL REGULATION DIMENSION OF CONTEMPORARY WELFARE LAW: A FIFTY STATE OVERVIEW 8 Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 121 (2002) Introduction. 122 Part I. The Moralistic Dimension of the Deserving Poor /Undeserving Poor Distinction. 125 Part II. Mandatory Paternity Identification and ChildSupport Enforcement Cooperation. 138 A. Child Support Enforcement as a Solution to Poverty: The Implications for Poor Women and Their Children. 138 B. The Findings and Analysis. 145... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Tamara R. Piety THE WAR ON THE POOR--NEWS FROM THE FRONT: DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT V. RUCKER© 38 Tulsa Law Review 385 (Winter 2002) Blame it on Johnson. He may have launched the War on Poverty but it appears that the only sentiment surviving from that era is that war makes for a terrific metaphor for political projects. The substantive goals of the Johnson era War on Poverty--the belief that hard-core poverty and America cannot co-exist without the former diminishing the... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Jon D. Michaels TO PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE: THE REPUBLICAN IMPERATIVE TO ENHANCE CITIZENSHIP WELFARE RIGHTS 111 Yale Law Journal 1457 (April, 2002) In the 1960s and 1970s, progressive lawyers and scholars aggressively campaigned to secure the recognition and protection of substantive welfare rights. Invoking welfare as a new property right, they pressed the courts to declare affirmative guarantees to entitlements as varied as financial assistance, adequate housing, and education. But despite... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Dean Spade UNDESERVING ADDICTS: SSI/SSD AND THE PENALTIES OF POVERTY 5 Howard Scroll: The Social Justice Law Review 89 (Spring, 2002) We're in a war. Former Los Angeles Police Chief Daryl Gates. Since the late 1980's, American media and politicians have produced and participated in a moral panic around the issue of illegal drug use. This panic has generated vivid pictures in the American imagination of drug users as a morally depraved, irresponsible, and willfully criminal... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Rick Santorum WEALTH CREATION IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: TRANSFORMING POVERTY IN AMERICA 16 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 383 (2002) When causes of poverty are discussed--lack of educational resources, drug abuse, racism, family breakdown--one that is often overlooked is access to capital and barriers to wealth creation. In the last century, poverty among the elderly was one of the defining social problems. However, today's growing disparity between the rich and poor is one of... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Carole M. Hirsch WHEN THE WAR ON POVERTY BECAME THE WAR ON POOR, PREGNANT WOMEN: POLITICAL RHETORIC, THE UNCONSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONS DOCTRINE, AND THE FAMILY CAP RESTRICTION 8 William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law 335 (Winter, 2002) The natural and proper timidity and delicacy which belongs to the female sex evidently unfit it for many of the occupations of civil life. The constitution of the family organization, which is founded in the divine ordinance, as well as in the nature of things, indicates the domestic sphere as that which properly belongs to the domain and functions... 2002 Relevant (Poverty)
Marni M. Hussong PROTECTING EXEMPT STATUS IN LOW-INCOME HOUSING TAX CREDIT PARTNERSHIPS 13 TAXATION OF EXEMPTS 275 (May/June, 2002) Participation with for-profit partners must not violate the requirements of an exempt purpose and no private benefit. The low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) of Section 42 provides federal tax incentives to encourage private investors to contribute funding for developing housing for low-income households. Since its inception in 1986, the program... 2002  
Barbara L. Bezdek CONTRACTUAL WELFARE: NON-ACCOUNTABILITY AND DIMINISHED DEMOCRACY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS FOR WELFARE-TO-WORK SERVICES 28 Fordham Urban Law Journal 1559 (June, 2001) The Welfare State of the mid-twentieth century has been supplanted by the rise of the Contractual State, miring welfare reform in the United States in this worldwide reinvention of government. Moving people from welfare to work became a primary goal of federal welfare policy with the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act... 2001 Most Relevant
Reginald Leamon Robinson POVERTY, THE UNDERCLASS, AND THE ROLE OF RACE CONSCIOUSNESS: A NEW AGE CRITIQUE OF BLACK WEALTH/WHITE WEALTH AND AMERICAN APARTHEID 34 Indiana Law Review 1377 (2001) The outcome of any particular experiment no longer seems to depend only upon the laws of the physical world, but also upon the consciousness of the observer. . . . [W]e must replace the term observer with the term participator. We cannot observe the physical world, for as the new physics tell us, there is no one physical world. We participate... 2001 Most Relevant
Andrea Charlow RACE, POVERTY, AND NEGLECT 28 William Mitchell Law Review 763 (2001) I. Introduction. 763 II. Statistics. 766 III. Research on Race. 771 IV. Research on Poverty. 776 V. Effects of Neglect, Poverty, and Removal. 780 VI. Factors Affecting Removal. 783 VII. Treatment. 785 VIII. Conclusion. 788 2001 Most Relevant
Lisa A. Crooms THE MYTHICAL, MAGICAL "UNDERCLASS": CONSTRUCTING POVERTY IN RACE AND GENDER, MAKING THE PUBLIC PRIVATE AND THE PRIVATE PUBLIC 5 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 87 (Fall 2001) Damn can I get that democracy and equality and privacy You busy watchin' me watchin' me That you're blind baybe You neglect to see the drugs comin' into my community Weapons comin' into my community Dirty cops in my community and you keep sayin' that I'm free And you keep sayin' that I'm free and you keep sayin' that I'm free Busy watchin' me The... 2001 Most Relevant
Tonya L. Nelson TRACKING, PARENTAL EDUCATION, AND CHILD LITERACY DEVELOPMENT: HOW ABILITY GROUPING PERPETUATES POOR EDUCATION ATTAINMENT WITHIN MINORITY COMMUNITIES 8 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 363 (Summer, 2001) Ability grouping, often referred to as tracking, is not a new educational practice, but it has been, and continues to be, a topic of great debate in the discussion about education equality. Ability grouping has been challenged in the courts on the ground that it segregates students based on race and relegates minority children to classrooms where... 2001 Most Relevant
Joel F. Handler "ENDING WELFARE AS WE KNOW IT": THE WIN/WIN SPIN OR THE STENCH OF VICTORY 5 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 131 (Fall 2001) The delegates at the Democratic Party convention of 2000 roared with approval when President Clinton announced that his Administration had ended welfare as a way of life. The welfare rolls have fallen by half since 1996, when the new law was adopted. They are presently at their lowest levels. Of 1.6 million parents still on assistance, nearly a... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Susan Bisom-Rapp AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION IS A POOR SUBSTITUTE FOR A POUND OF CURE: CONFRONTING THE DEVELOPING JURISPRUDENCE OF EDUCATION AND PREVENTION IN EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LAW 22 Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 1 (2001) I. Introduction. 2 II. Evolution of the Jurisprudence of Education and Prevention. 6 III. The New Jurisprudence in Context: Regulations by the Regulated. 13 A. The Sum and Substance of Anti-Discrimination Training Programs. 15 1. Sexual Harassment Training in Context. 17 2. Diversity Training in Context. 20 B. Anti-Discrimination Training and the... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Amy E. Hirsch BRINGING BACK SHAME: WOMEN, WELFARE REFORM, AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 10 Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review 417 (Spring 2001) The right wing drive to bring back shame has dramatically affected the legal systems poor women interact with most often--welfare, the criminal justice system, and family courts. In each of these areas, poor women are increasingly stigmatized; their behavior is viewed with rising suspicion and hostility; and efforts to control their sexual and... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
William E. Forbath CONSTITUTIONAL WELFARE RIGHTS: A HISTORY, CRITIQUE AND RECONSTRUCTION 69 Fordham Law Review 1821 (April, 2001) INTRODUCTION. 1822 I. THE IDEA OF WELFARE RIGHTS DOESN'T LIVE IN THIS WORLD ANYMORE. 1824 II. THE SOCIAL CITIZENSHIP TRADITION. 1827 A. Two Egalitarian Traditions. 1827 B. Populists and Progressives: The Original Republican-Pragmatist Synthesis. 1828 C. The New Deal Constitution of Social Citizenship: At the Very Hub. . . is the Right to Have a... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Susan L. Thomas 'ENDING WELFARE AS WE KNOW IT,' OR FAREWELL TO THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN ON WELFARE? A CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS ANALYSIS OF THE PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY ACT 78 University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 179 (Winter 2001) To be poor in the United States in the early years of the new century places a woman in an extraordinarily difficult position. Her options for managing this crisis are few. She has to depend on her own emotional strengths and on her severely limited financial resources. Public assistance programs provide little help and penalize women who are not... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Stephanie A. Ades , James R. Hays EVALUATING THE POOR PERFORMER 19 ACCA Docket 50 (March, 2001) You receive the interoffice memorandum reminding you that annual performance appraisals are due in two weeks. You detest this time of year, and your first thought is to call your financial planner and ask him whether you can retire immediately. You are not even close to a comfortable retirement, so you begrudgingly resolve to sit down and prepare... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Louis Kaplow , Steven Shavell FAIRNESS VERSUS WELFARE 114 Harvard Law Review 961 (February, 2001) I. Introduction. 967 II. Welfare Economics and Notions of Fairness. 976 A. Welfare Economics. 977 1. Individuals' Well-being. 979 2. Social Welfare and Individuals' Well-being. 985 3. Comments on Social Welfare and the Distribution of Income. 989 4. Concluding Remark. 998 B. Notions of Fairness. 999 1. The Basic Nature of Notions of Fairness. 999... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Michelle S. Jacobs FULL LEGAL REPRESENTATION FOR THE POOR: THE CLASH BETWEEN LAWYER VALUES AND CLIENT WORTHINESS 44 Howard Law Journal 257 (Winter 2001) A cornerstone of our legal system is the right of all clients, including poor ones, to full and zealous representation. This belief is reflected in our professional public pronouncements and is incorporated in our doctrinal law. Similar exhortations are included in the rules and guidelines for Legal Services lawyers and public defenders. Despite... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
William Quigley FULL-TIME WORKERS SHOULD NOT BE POOR: THE LIVING WAGE MOVEMENT 70 Mississippi Law Journal 889 (Spring, 2001) Los Angeles' prototypical poor person is no longer a scruffy panhandler on the freeway offramp, or a skid row derelict camped beneath a blue tarp. Today's poverty icon is a working mother, toiling eight hours or more a day at a job that does not pay enough to cover the rent, clothe the baby or provide a life of even minimal comfort. If a person... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Kara Kurtzman Daghlian LEAD-BASED PAINT: THE CRISIS STILL FACING OUR NATION'S POOR AND MINORITY CHILDREN 9 Dickinson Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 535 (Spring 2001) Lead poisoning is a serious disease affecting nearly one million children in the United States, yet it is entirely preventable. Between 1976 and 1980, over eighty percent of children in the U.S. had blood-lead levels over 10 mg/dl - an amount considered to be dangerous to a child's immediate health. To address this health threat, lead has been... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Michele Estrin Gilman LEGAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN AN ERA OF PRIVATIZED WELFARE 89 California Law Review 569 (May, 2001) Table of Contents. 569 Introduction. 571 I. Welfare Reform. 578 II. Privatization in Context: History and Modern Trends. 581 A. History of Public and Private Welfare Provision. 581 1. Early American History. 582 2. The Nineteenth Century. 582 3. The Twentieth Century. 584 4. Conclusion. 591 B. New Directions in Welfare Privatization. 591 C. The... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Leslye Orloff LIFESAVING WELFARE SAFETY NET ACCESS FOR BATTERED IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND CHILDREN: ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND NEXT STEPS 7 William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law 597 (Spring, 2001) The United States is currently experiencing one of the largest waves of immigration in its history. Contrary to common assumptions, more than half of new immigrants are women. Despite this fact, U.S. immigration policy and most agencies serving immigrants have remained blind to gender differences and have treated all immigrants alike. Immigrant... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Lisa Sun-Hee Park PERPETUATION OF POVERTY THROUGH "PUBLIC CHARGE" 78 Denver University Law Review 1161 (2001) A number of federal and state policies have had significant impacts on low-income, pregnant immigrant women living in California. This paper focuses on the issue of Public Charge, in conjunction with the 1996 Welfare Reform and the 1996 Immigration Act. I argue that the social contexts that helped garner support for such anti-immigrant... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Peter Edelman POVERTY AND WELFARE POLICY IN THE POST-CLINTON ERA 70 Mississippi Law Journal 877 (Spring, 2001) I feel privileged to participate in this symposium, and I want to congratulate Professor Deborah Bell and all of the sponsors and everyone who had a part in making it happen. I also want to congratulate Professor Bell and the law school on the important and effective poverty clinic that is available to students here. It gets concrete assistance to... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
John Christian Elstad POVERTY IN MISSISSIPPI 70 Mississippi Law Journal 1047 (Spring, 2001) The word poverty conveys a sense of desperate economic misfortune and is defined as the condition of being indigent or the scarcity of the means of subsistence. However, as used by the United States Census Bureau, poverty has a very precise meaning. People in poverty are those in families whose monetary income falls below certain thresholds set... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Stephen Loffredo POVERTY LAW AND COMMUNITY ACTIVISM: NOTES FROM A LAW SCHOOL CLINIC 150 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 173 (November, 2001) During the heyday of anti-poverty activism in the 1960s, scholars, lawyers and community organizers recognized that law reform might play an important catalytic role in promoting movements for social change. This insight helped fuel the creation of organizations whose very names (e.g., Mobilization for Youth, or MFY Legal Services) reflected... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Walter L. Stiehm POVERTY LAW: ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND BARRIERS TO THE POOR 4 Quinnipiac Health Law Journal 279 (2001) For ye have the poor with you always, and whensoever ye will ye may do them good. The poor, because of life styles that tend to provide poor nutrition, unsanitary or inadequate living conditions and poor healthcare-seeking habits, are the one class in most need of proper healthcare. Healthcare delivery in the United States, however, is more... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Jennifer Pokempner , Dorothy E. Roberts POVERTY, WELFARE REFORM, AND THE MEANING OF DISABILITY 62 Ohio State Law Journal 425 (2001) The coincidence of poverty and disability has been widely acknowledged. The focus has been on the degree to which individuals with mental and physical disabilities face poverty because of their exclusion from the labor market and societal discrimination. There has been less concern, however, with the degree to which disability and illness are... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Muneer Ahmad SERVING MARKET NEEDS, NOT PEOPLE'S NEEDS: THE INDIGNITY OF WELFARE REFORM 10 American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 27 (2001) I am so happy to join all of you in celebrating and honoring Peter's life and work. Even for those of us who knew Peter only a little - from a few phone conversations and faxes, conferences or chance meetings - or who knew him only through his work and reputation, he has had a profound impact. News of Peter's death spread through the public... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Parvin R. Huda SINGLED OUT: A CRITIQUE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF SINGLE MOTHERHOOD IN WELFARE DISCOURSE 7 William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law 341 (Winter, 2001) Suppose you have to go up to the school. You've got to be a full-time mother, then you've got to be a breadwinner, then you've got to be a nursemaid and you've just got to always be there. It's like you're being stretched so many different ways. . . . I know from my experience. I've had to deal with it. I would get depressed and I would withdraw.... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Risa E. Kaufman STATE ERAS IN THE NEW ERA: SECURING POOR WOMEN'S EQUALITY BY ELIMINATING REPRODUCTIVE-BASED DISCRIMINATION 24 Harvard Women's Law Journal 191 (Spring, 2001) The U.S. Supreme Court dramatically curtailed federal provisions guaranteeing women's equality during its 1999-2000 term. Securing its legacy of heralding in a new era of federalism by restricting Congress' power to enact laws, the Rehnquist Court invalidated the Civil Rights Remedy of the Violence Against Women Act and held that states are... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Kerri Harper STEREOTYPES, CHILDCARE, AND SOCIAL CHANGE: HOW THE FAILURE TO PROVIDE CHILDCARE PERPETUATES THE PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF WELFARE MOTHERS 4 NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 387 (2000-2001) The Thirteenth Amendment, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were all laws enacted to alter the treatment of Blacks in America. Yet, by freeing the slaves, penalizing discrimination on the basis of color, and eliminating barriers that previously prevented Blacks from voting, these laws sought to change more than just... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Erin Meehan Richmond THE INTERFACE OF POVERTY AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: HOW FEDERAL AND STATE WELFARE REFORM CAN BEST RESPOND 35 New England Law Review 569 (Winter, 2001) [V]iolence affects poor women in two critical ways: it makes them poor and it keeps them poor. In the United States, violence against women has reached epidemic proportions. The National Clearinghouse on Domestic Violence reports that in the United States men batter three to four million women a year. The United States Congress has allocated... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
Patrick James McQuillan , Kerry Suzanne Englert THE RETURN TO NEIGHBORHOOD SCHOOLS, CONCENTRATED POVERTY, AND EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY: AN AGENDA FOR REFORM 28 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 739 (Summer 2001) Throughout the United States, school systems that once faced federally-mandated desegregation plans have been declared unitary. Courts ruled that these districts had removed any vestiges of overt segregation. For courts to do more would be to overstep their appropriate role. In Denver, Colorado federal courts declared the city school system... 2001 Relevant (Poverty)
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