AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Terms in Title or Summary
Stephanie A. Ades , James R. Hays EVALUATING THE POOR PERFORMER 19 ACCA Docket 50 (March, 2001) You receive the interoffice memorandum reminding you that annual performance appraisals are due in two weeks. You detest this time of year, and your first thought is to call your financial planner and ask him whether you can retire immediately. You are not even close to a comfortable retirement, so you begrudgingly resolve to sit down and prepare... 2001 Yes
Louis Kaplow , Steven Shavell FAIRNESS VERSUS WELFARE 114 Harvard Law Review 961 (February, 2001) I. Introduction. 967 II. Welfare Economics and Notions of Fairness. 976 A. Welfare Economics. 977 1. Individuals' Well-being. 979 2. Social Welfare and Individuals' Well-being. 985 3. Comments on Social Welfare and the Distribution of Income. 989 4. Concluding Remark. 998 B. Notions of Fairness. 999 1. The Basic Nature of Notions of Fairness. 999... 2001 Yes
Michelle S. Jacobs FULL LEGAL REPRESENTATION FOR THE POOR: THE CLASH BETWEEN LAWYER VALUES AND CLIENT WORTHINESS 44 Howard Law Journal 257 (Winter 2001) A cornerstone of our legal system is the right of all clients, including poor ones, to full and zealous representation. This belief is reflected in our professional public pronouncements and is incorporated in our doctrinal law. Similar exhortations are included in the rules and guidelines for Legal Services lawyers and public defenders. Despite... 2001 Yes
William Quigley FULL-TIME WORKERS SHOULD NOT BE POOR: THE LIVING WAGE MOVEMENT 70 Mississippi Law Journal 889 (Spring, 2001) Los Angeles' prototypical poor person is no longer a scruffy panhandler on the freeway offramp, or a skid row derelict camped beneath a blue tarp. Today's poverty icon is a working mother, toiling eight hours or more a day at a job that does not pay enough to cover the rent, clothe the baby or provide a life of even minimal comfort. If a person... 2001 Yes
Marcus J. Lock INCREASING ACCESS TO JUSTICE: EXPANDING THE ROLE OF NONLAWYERS IN THE DELIVERY OF LEGAL SERVICES TO LOW-INCOME COLORADANS 72 University of Colorado Law Review 459 (Spring 2001) Over the past century, our nation has made substantial progress in achieving racial and gender equality. Yet, with the arrival of the new millennium, economic discrimination still thrives in America. Nowhere is this more evident than in the judicial system. The most repugnant manifestation of the judiciary's economic discrimination is the lack of... 2001  
Kara Kurtzman Daghlian LEAD-BASED PAINT: THE CRISIS STILL FACING OUR NATION'S POOR AND MINORITY CHILDREN 9 Dickinson Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 535 (Spring 2001) Lead poisoning is a serious disease affecting nearly one million children in the United States, yet it is entirely preventable. Between 1976 and 1980, over eighty percent of children in the U.S. had blood-lead levels over 10 mg/dl - an amount considered to be dangerous to a child's immediate health. To address this health threat, lead has been... 2001 Yes
Michele Estrin Gilman LEGAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN AN ERA OF PRIVATIZED WELFARE 89 California Law Review 569 (May, 2001) Table of Contents. 569 Introduction. 571 I. Welfare Reform. 578 II. Privatization in Context: History and Modern Trends. 581 A. History of Public and Private Welfare Provision. 581 1. Early American History. 582 2. The Nineteenth Century. 582 3. The Twentieth Century. 584 4. Conclusion. 591 B. New Directions in Welfare Privatization. 591 C. The... 2001 Yes
Leslye Orloff LIFESAVING WELFARE SAFETY NET ACCESS FOR BATTERED IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND CHILDREN: ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND NEXT STEPS 7 William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law 597 (Spring, 2001) The United States is currently experiencing one of the largest waves of immigration in its history. Contrary to common assumptions, more than half of new immigrants are women. Despite this fact, U.S. immigration policy and most agencies serving immigrants have remained blind to gender differences and have treated all immigrants alike. Immigrant... 2001 Yes
Lisa Sun-Hee Park PERPETUATION OF POVERTY THROUGH "PUBLIC CHARGE" 78 Denver University Law Review 1161 (2001) A number of federal and state policies have had significant impacts on low-income, pregnant immigrant women living in California. This paper focuses on the issue of Public Charge, in conjunction with the 1996 Welfare Reform and the 1996 Immigration Act. I argue that the social contexts that helped garner support for such anti-immigrant... 2001 Yes
Peter Edelman POVERTY AND WELFARE POLICY IN THE POST-CLINTON ERA 70 Mississippi Law Journal 877 (Spring, 2001) I feel privileged to participate in this symposium, and I want to congratulate Professor Deborah Bell and all of the sponsors and everyone who had a part in making it happen. I also want to congratulate Professor Bell and the law school on the important and effective poverty clinic that is available to students here. It gets concrete assistance to... 2001 Yes
John Christian Elstad POVERTY IN MISSISSIPPI 70 Mississippi Law Journal 1047 (Spring, 2001) The word poverty conveys a sense of desperate economic misfortune and is defined as the condition of being indigent or the scarcity of the means of subsistence. However, as used by the United States Census Bureau, poverty has a very precise meaning. People in poverty are those in families whose monetary income falls below certain thresholds set... 2001 Yes
Stephen Loffredo POVERTY LAW AND COMMUNITY ACTIVISM: NOTES FROM A LAW SCHOOL CLINIC 150 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 173 (November, 2001) During the heyday of anti-poverty activism in the 1960s, scholars, lawyers and community organizers recognized that law reform might play an important catalytic role in promoting movements for social change. This insight helped fuel the creation of organizations whose very names (e.g., Mobilization for Youth, or MFY Legal Services) reflected... 2001 Yes
Walter L. Stiehm POVERTY LAW: ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND BARRIERS TO THE POOR 4 Quinnipiac Health Law Journal 279 (2001) For ye have the poor with you always, and whensoever ye will ye may do them good. The poor, because of life styles that tend to provide poor nutrition, unsanitary or inadequate living conditions and poor healthcare-seeking habits, are the one class in most need of proper healthcare. Healthcare delivery in the United States, however, is more... 2001 Yes
Reginald Leamon Robinson POVERTY, THE UNDERCLASS, AND THE ROLE OF RACE CONSCIOUSNESS: A NEW AGE CRITIQUE OF BLACK WEALTH/WHITE WEALTH AND AMERICAN APARTHEID 34 Indiana Law Review 1377 (2001) The outcome of any particular experiment no longer seems to depend only upon the laws of the physical world, but also upon the consciousness of the observer. . . . [W]e must replace the term observer with the term participator. We cannot observe the physical world, for as the new physics tell us, there is no one physical world. We participate... 2001 Yes
Jennifer Pokempner , Dorothy E. Roberts POVERTY, WELFARE REFORM, AND THE MEANING OF DISABILITY 62 Ohio State Law Journal 425 (2001) The coincidence of poverty and disability has been widely acknowledged. The focus has been on the degree to which individuals with mental and physical disabilities face poverty because of their exclusion from the labor market and societal discrimination. There has been less concern, however, with the degree to which disability and illness are... 2001 Yes
Marni Hussong PROTECTING THE TAX-EXEMPT STATUS OF HOUSING DEVELOPERS PARTICIPATING IN LOW-INCOME HOUSING TAX CREDIT PARTNERSHIPS 76 Washington Law Review 243 (January, 2001) The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) is an important source of federal funding for developers of affordable housing for low-income persons. Although for-profit and nonprofit developers compete for credits, the federal government reserves ten percent of the credits for nonprofit, tax-exempt developers. Exempt developers often sell the... 2001  
Andrea Charlow RACE, POVERTY, AND NEGLECT 28 William Mitchell Law Review 763 (2001) I. Introduction. 763 II. Statistics. 766 III. Research on Race. 771 IV. Research on Poverty. 776 V. Effects of Neglect, Poverty, and Removal. 780 VI. Factors Affecting Removal. 783 VII. Treatment. 785 VIII. Conclusion. 788 2001 Yes
Eric J. Gouvin RURAL LOW-INCOME HOUSING AND MASSACHUSETTS CHAPTER 40B: A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE ZONING BOARD OF APPEALS 23 Western New England Law Review 3 (2001) The Massachusetts Low and Moderate Income Housing Act (Act) was enacted in 1969 to promote the construction of low-income housing in restrictively zoned Massachusetts communities. It seeks to achieve its goal by providing a builder's remedy which, in effect, overrides local zoning ordinances. The local Zoning Board of Appeals (ZBA), in deciding... 2001  
Muneer Ahmad SERVING MARKET NEEDS, NOT PEOPLE'S NEEDS: THE INDIGNITY OF WELFARE REFORM 10 American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 27 (2001) I am so happy to join all of you in celebrating and honoring Peter's life and work. Even for those of us who knew Peter only a little - from a few phone conversations and faxes, conferences or chance meetings - or who knew him only through his work and reputation, he has had a profound impact. News of Peter's death spread through the public... 2001 Yes
Parvin R. Huda SINGLED OUT: A CRITIQUE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF SINGLE MOTHERHOOD IN WELFARE DISCOURSE 7 William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law 341 (Winter, 2001) Suppose you have to go up to the school. You've got to be a full-time mother, then you've got to be a breadwinner, then you've got to be a nursemaid and you've just got to always be there. It's like you're being stretched so many different ways. . . . I know from my experience. I've had to deal with it. I would get depressed and I would withdraw.... 2001 Yes
Risa E. Kaufman STATE ERAS IN THE NEW ERA: SECURING POOR WOMEN'S EQUALITY BY ELIMINATING REPRODUCTIVE-BASED DISCRIMINATION 24 Harvard Women's Law Journal 191 (Spring, 2001) The U.S. Supreme Court dramatically curtailed federal provisions guaranteeing women's equality during its 1999-2000 term. Securing its legacy of heralding in a new era of federalism by restricting Congress' power to enact laws, the Rehnquist Court invalidated the Civil Rights Remedy of the Violence Against Women Act and held that states are... 2001 Yes
Kerri Harper STEREOTYPES, CHILDCARE, AND SOCIAL CHANGE: HOW THE FAILURE TO PROVIDE CHILDCARE PERPETUATES THE PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF WELFARE MOTHERS 4 NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 387 (2000-2001) The Thirteenth Amendment, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were all laws enacted to alter the treatment of Blacks in America. Yet, by freeing the slaves, penalizing discrimination on the basis of color, and eliminating barriers that previously prevented Blacks from voting, these laws sought to change more than just... 2001 Yes
Erin Meehan Richmond THE INTERFACE OF POVERTY AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: HOW FEDERAL AND STATE WELFARE REFORM CAN BEST RESPOND 35 New England Law Review 569 (Winter, 2001) [V]iolence affects poor women in two critical ways: it makes them poor and it keeps them poor. In the United States, violence against women has reached epidemic proportions. The National Clearinghouse on Domestic Violence reports that in the United States men batter three to four million women a year. The United States Congress has allocated... 2001 Yes
Lisa A. Crooms THE MYTHICAL, MAGICAL "UNDERCLASS": CONSTRUCTING POVERTY IN RACE AND GENDER, MAKING THE PUBLIC PRIVATE AND THE PRIVATE PUBLIC 5 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 87 (Fall 2001) Damn can I get that democracy and equality and privacy You busy watchin' me watchin' me That you're blind baybe You neglect to see the drugs comin' into my community Weapons comin' into my community Dirty cops in my community and you keep sayin' that I'm free And you keep sayin' that I'm free and you keep sayin' that I'm free Busy watchin' me The... 2001 Yes
Patrick James McQuillan , Kerry Suzanne Englert THE RETURN TO NEIGHBORHOOD SCHOOLS, CONCENTRATED POVERTY, AND EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY: AN AGENDA FOR REFORM 28 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 739 (Summer 2001) Throughout the United States, school systems that once faced federally-mandated desegregation plans have been declared unitary. Courts ruled that these districts had removed any vestiges of overt segregation. For courts to do more would be to overstep their appropriate role. In Denver, Colorado federal courts declared the city school system... 2001 Yes
Nicole Stelle Garnett THE ROAD FROM WELFARE TO WORK: INFORMAL TRANSPORTATION AND THE URBAN POOR 38 Harvard Journal on Legislation 173 (Winter, 2001) Individuals struggling to move from welfare to work face numerous obstacles. This Article addresses one of those obstacles: lack of transportation. Without reliable transportation, many welfare recipients are unable to find and maintain jobs located out of the reach of traditional forms of public transportation. Professor Garnett argues that... 2001 Yes
Tonya L. Nelson TRACKING, PARENTAL EDUCATION, AND CHILD LITERACY DEVELOPMENT: HOW ABILITY GROUPING PERPETUATES POOR EDUCATION ATTAINMENT WITHIN MINORITY COMMUNITIES 8 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 363 (Summer, 2001) Ability grouping, often referred to as tracking, is not a new educational practice, but it has been, and continues to be, a topic of great debate in the discussion about education equality. Ability grouping has been challenged in the courts on the ground that it segregates students based on race and relegates minority children to classrooms where... 2001 Yes
Sherrilyn A. Ifill WEAVING A SAFETY NET: POOR WOMEN, WELFARE, AND WORK IN THE CHICKEN AND CATFISH INDUSTRIES 1 Margins: Maryland's Interdisciplinary Publication on Race, Religion, Gender, and Class 23 (Spring, 2001) The 1990s ushered in the largest and most sustained economic boom in U.S. history. This robust economic picture has been marked by the maintenance of low unemployment rates. Nationally, the unemployment rate has remained at, near or below five percent for the past eight years. Yet another indicator of American economic prosperity has been the... 2001 Yes
Robert J. Ambrogi , Director American Lawyer Media News Service New York City, New York WEB SITES SUPPORT POVERTY LAWYERS 45-OCT Res Gestae 26 (October, 2001) For lawyers who work on behalf of the poor and disadvantaged, the Web provides critical support. Whether offering occasional pro bono services or devoting themselves full-time to public interest law, lawyers can use the Web to find practice guides, advocacy tools and legal updates. Last month's column (at p. 24) looked at some of the broader,... 2001 Yes
Athena Mutua WHY RETIRE THE FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY CONSTRUCT? 78 Denver University Law Review 1179 (2001) The feminization of poverty concept should be retired, if it has not already been so. It should be retired, even though the concept has been extremely powerful as a discursive construct. In a phrase, the idea captured a seemingly universal phenomenon, inspired theoretical research into the nexus between women and poverty, and summoned coalitions... 2001 Yes
Rachel Batterson "STATES' RIGHTS" AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY OR FEDERALLY-IMPOSED DRACONIA? THE PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND WORK OPPORTUNITY RECONCILIATION ACT'S IMPACT ON VERMONT'S WELFARE POLICY 7 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 21 (Winter, 2000) As of July 1, 2001, Vermont will be required to match its welfare policies with those required by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. This Note questions the wisdom of requiring Vermont to reshape its welfare system in a manner which would remove several of the safety nets it currently has in place to assist... 2000 Yes
Sheri M. Danz A NONPUBLIC FORUM OR A BRUTAL BUREAUCRACY? ADVOCATES' CLAIMS OF ACCESS TO WELFARE CENTER WAITING ROOMS 75 New York University Law Review 1004 (October, 2000) In this Note, Sheri Danz evaluates the impact of the evolution of the public forum doctrine on advocates' claims of access to welfare centers. Welfare agencies often prohibit legal advocates from associating with and educating welfare applicants on welfare center grounds. Recently, courts have applied the public forum doctrine to uphold welfare... 2000 Yes
Philip Harvey AN ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPAL STRATEGIES THAT HAVE INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL WELFARE LAW DURING THE 20TH CENTURY 21 Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 677 (2000) I. Introduction. 678 II. Responses to Joblessness. 686 A. The Behavioralist Approach. 686 B. The Job Shortage Approach. 689 C. The Structuralist Approach. 694 III. Assessing the Strategies. 701 A. Job Seekers and Job Vacancies. 702 B. Wage Rates and Unemployment Rates: Supply and Demand Analysis. 709 C. Macroeconomic Barriers to Full Employment.... 2000 Yes
April Land CHILDREN IN POVERTY: IN SEARCH OF STATE AND FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTIONS IN THE WAKE OF WELFARE "REFORMS" 2000 Utah Law Review 779 (2000) The faces of the human suffering caused by welfare reform are faces of children. Children, along with their parents, are going without basic necessities. Hundreds of thousands of children have already lost access to welfare benefits, and thus, their basic means of subsistence, as a result of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity... 2000 Yes
Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S. 489 (1999), Bradley A. Meyer CONSTITUTIONAL LAW--RIGHT TO TRAVEL: THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT INVALIDATES A STATUTE REQUIRING WELFARE RECIPIENTS TO RESIDE IN A STATE FOR ONE YEAR BEFORE RECEIVING FULL BENEFITS 76 North Dakota Law Review 427 (2000) In 1992, hoping to make a modest reduction in its vast welfare budget, California enacted section 11450.03 of its Welfare and Institutions Code (section 11450.03). The statute was part of an experimental project that amended one of California's most expensive programs, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). As amended, the AFDC program... 2000 Yes
Mark C. Weber DISABILITY AND THE LAW OF WELFARE: A POST-INTEGRATIONIST EXAMINATION 2000 University of Illinois Law Review 889 (2000) Recent years have seen dramatic changes in the way persons with disabilities are treated by the government. Current programs, however, still fail to adequately meet the needs of such individuals In this article, Professor Weber explores the law of welfare relating to persons with disabilities and examines developments in disability theory. He... 2000 Yes
Louis S. Rulli EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION LITIGATION UNDER THE ADA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE POOR: CAN THE PROMISE OF TITLE I BE FULFILLED FOR LOW-INCOME WORKERS IN THE NEXT DECADE? 9 Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review 345 (Spring 2000) Introduction. 346 I. The ADA Is Not Self-Executing. 353 II. Outcome Data in Title I Litigation. 359 A. The National Study. 362 B. The Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 365 III. Are the Disabled Poor Protecting Their Rights Under the ADA?. 375 A. In Forma Pauperis Status. 376 B. Lawyers Representing the Poor. 376 C. Employment Positions at Issue.... 2000 Yes
Marc Jolin GOOD CAUSE EVICTION AND THE LOW INCOME HOUSING TAX CREDIT 67 University of Chicago Law Review 521 (Spring, 2000) Since its inception in 1986, the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) has emerged as the federal government's largest affordable housing development program. The LIHTC was enacted as part of the shift toward localized and privatized federal social programs that occurred during the Reagan Administration. In some respects the LIHTC's design... 2000 Yes
Cynthia Negrey, Annisah Um'rani, Stacie Golin, and Barbara Gault JOB TRAINING UNDER WELFARE REFORM: OPPORTUNITIES FOR AND OBSTACLES TO ECONOMIC SELF-SUFFICIENCY AMONG LOW-INCOME WOMEN 7 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 347 (Summer, 2000) In Job Training Under Welfare Reform, the authors set forth the preliminary results of a study conducted by the Institute for Women's Policy Research regarding the effects of the 1996 welfare reform with respect to job training. As the 1996 welfare reform bill has emphasized short-term job-readiness training, rather than long-term education, fewer... 2000 Yes
Herbert Hovenkamp KNOWLEDGE ABOUT WELFARE: LEGAL REALISM AND THE SEPARATION OF LAW AND ECONOMICS 84 Minnesota Law Review 805 (April, 2000) The modern welfare state could hardly function without making judgments about how well off or happy its citizens are. Society's public and even many of its private institutions make such judgments all the time. Governments devise progressive income taxes, which are designed to capture more wealth from those who are well off and less from the... 2000 Yes
Lynn E. Cunningham LEGAL NEEDS FOR THE LOW-INCOME POPULATION IN WASHINGTON, DC 5 University of the District of Columbia Law Review 21 (Fall 2000) I. Introduction. 22 II. Background. 23 A. Methodologies for Analysis. 23 B. The Low-Income Population. 24 C. What Is A Legal Need?. 25 III. Legal Needs Described by Issue Area. 26 A. Employment, Welfare and Housing. 27 1. Employment Conditions: Hours and Working Conditions. 30 2. Job Training and Job Readiness. 31 B. Income Maintenance (Welfare).... 2000  
Laurie A. Morin LEGAL SERVICES ATTORNEYS AS PARTNERS IN COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: CREATING WEALTH FOR POOR COMMUNITIES THROUGH COOPERATIVE ECONOMICS 5 University of the District of Columbia Law Review 125 (Fall 2000) Cooperation is the authentic integration of people in the economic and social process that shapes a new social order; the cooperators must make this objective extend to all those that hunger and thirst for justice in the working world. The Legal Services Program (LSP) created by the Office of Economic Opportunity in 1965 held out the promise of... 2000 Yes
Yoko Miyashita MICROFINANCE AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION: LESSONS FROM INDONESIA'S VILLAGE BANKING SYSTEM 10 Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal 147 (December, 2000) Indonesia needs an aggressive poverty reduction strategy to counter the 1997 Asian financial crisis, which has propelled millions of its citizens into poverty. Microfinance is a proven method of reducing poverty and has been successfully used within Indonesia in government-supported programs. In addition to continuing its state-run... 2000 Yes
Reginald Leamon Robinson RACE CONSCIOUSNESS: CAN THICK, LEGAL CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS ASSIST POOR, LOW-STATUS WORKERS OVERCOME DISCRIMINATORY HURDLES IN THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY? A REPLY TO REGINA AUSTIN 34 John Marshall Law Review 245 (Fall 2000) Racists are people who are afraid. [T]he general effect of the dominance-subjection relation is to destroy both parties, each by the other, and each in a specific manner. Though the corrosive suffering of the victim is wholly incommensurate with and overshadows the psychic deformation of the victimizer, one nevertheless does not transform oneself... 2000 Yes
Shruti Rana RESTRICTING THE RIGHTS OF POOR MOTHERS: AN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS CRITIQUE OF "WORKFARE" 33 Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 393 (Summer, 2000) Now we are turning the clock back, and some of my colleagues are calling this reform. Senator Paul Wellstone, (D) Minnesota In every society, the work that women do is undervalued and unrecognized. Despite women's demands for recognition of their work and worth in both social and economic realms, for many women the situation is not improving. Even... 2000 Yes
Amy L. Wax RETHINKING WELFARE RIGHTS: RECIPROCITY NORMS, REACTIVE ATTITUDES, AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF WELFARE REFORM 63-SPG Law and Contemporary Problems 257 (Winter/Spring 2000) A spate of recent reports on President Clinton's 1996 welfare reform initiative, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRA), indicates that the new welfare regime appears to be working. Although results vary by state, welfare rolls have dropped dramatically as many former recipients have gone to work. It remains to... 2000 Yes
Rosemary Salomone RICH KIDS, POOR KIDS, AND THE SINGLE-SEX EDUCATION DEBATE 34 Akron Law Review 209 (2000) Over the past decade, the subject of publicly supported, single-sex education has generated considerable debate in legal and policy circles. Since 1996, much of that debate has centered around the Supreme Court's decision in the Virginia Military Institute case and how that case intersects with Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. In VMI,... 2000 Yes
Patricia Cole and Sarah M. Buel SAFETY AND FINANCIAL SECURITY FOR BATTERED WOMEN: NECESSARY STEPS FOR TRANSITIONING FROM WELFARE TO WORK 7 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 307 (Summer, 2000) In Safety and Financial Security for Battered Women, Patricia Cole and Sarah M. Buel discuss, with a reliance on anecdotal evidence, family violence and its impact upon the transition from welfare to work under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program established by the 1996 welfare reform. This Briefing Paper highlights many aspects of... 2000 Yes
Jason T. Vail SCHOOL VOUCHERS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE: IS THE FIRST AMENDMENT A BARRIER TO IMPROVING EDUCATION FOR LOW-INCOME CHILDREN? 35 Gonzaga Law Review 187 (1999/2000) I. Introduction. 188 II. School Vouchers. 192 A. Genesis of an Idea: Milton Friedman's Voucher Program. 192 B. Vouchers Become a Public Policy Issue. 197 C. The Voucher Concept is Put into Action. 202 D. Vouchers Take Root: Experiments in Wisconsin and Ohio. 204 III. Why Vouchers?. 206 A. At-Risk Students Do Better in Catholic Schools. 206 1.... 2000  
Cynthia R. Mabry SECOND CHANCES: INSURING THAT POOR FAMILIES REMAIN INTACT BY MINIMIZING SOCIOECONOMIC RAMIFICATIONS OF POVERTY 102 West Virginia Law Review 607 (Spring 2000) I. INTRODUCTION. 608 II. DEFINING NEGLECT FOR TERMINATION PURPOSES. 610 III. STATISTICAL DATA ON NEGLECT AND CHILDREN LIVING IN POVERTY. 612 A. Neglect Statistics. 612 B. Counting Children Who Live in Poverty. 614 IV. CAUSES OF CHILD NEGLECT IN POOR FAMILIES. 616 A. Economic Conditions. 616 1. Poverty. 616 2. Reductions in Aid to Families with... 2000 Yes
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