AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYear
Rhona J. Kisch Quasi-colonial Bodies: an Analysis of the Reproductive Lives of Poor Black and Racially Subjugated Women 24 Environmental Law 1171 (July 1, 1994) It's clear that low-income and minority communities have been asked to bear a disproportionate burden of this country's industrial lifestyle. . . . They're angry and rightfully so. To solve this, we have got to incorporate environmental justice concerns into everything we do. Declaring an end to environmental racism is an integral part of the; Search Snippet: ...ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Environmental Law July 1994 Book Review PUTTING ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM ON THE NATIONAL AGENDA? A REVIEW OF RACE AND THE... 1994
Jody D. Armour Race Ipsa: Vote Dilution, Racial Gerrymandering, and the Presumption of Racial Discrimination 46 Stanford Law Review 781 (April, 1994) In this article, Professor Armour explores some of the legal implications of the disturbing notion that, given the perception that blacks are more prone to commit violent acts than nonblacks, it is rational for criminal defendants claiming self-defense to consider race in assessing the risk of violence posed by a supposed assailant. Professor; Search Snippet: ...Stanford Law Review April, 1994 RACE IPSA LOQUITUR: OF REASONABLE RACISTS, INTELLIGENT BAYESIANS, AND INVOLUNTARY NEGROPHOBES Jody D. Armour [FNa1] Copyright... 1994
Myriam Zreczny Races at the Gate: a Century of Racial Distinctions in American Immigration Policy (1865-1965) 69 Chicago-Kent Law Review 1121 (1994) In the world of child placement, racial classifications are widespread. While outright prohibition of transracial placement will not pass constitutional muster, the use of race as a factor in determining the best interest of the child is frequent, endorsed, and sometimes even mandated by adoption agencies, statutes, and courts. Where equal; Search Snippet: ...Note RACE-CONSCIOUS CHILD PLACEMENT: DEVIATING FROM A POLICY AGAINST RACIAL CLASSIFICATIONS Myriam Zreczny [FNa] Copyright (c) 1994 IIT Chicago-Kent... 1994
Paul B. Fischer Racial and Sex Disparities in Prison Sentences: the Effect of District-level Judicial Demographics 1 Georgetown Journal on Fighting Poverty 384 (1994) The 1992 Los Angeles riots reminded us once again of the destructive consequences of the severe class and racial isolation that characterizes metropolitan America. Most low-income blacks and Hispanics are confined to inner-city neighborhoods with declining job opportunities and fiscally starved public services, while higher income groups flee to; Search Snippet: ...ON FIGHTING POVERTY Georgetown Journal on Fighting Poverty 1994 Feature RACIAL AND LOCATIONAL PATTERNS OF SUBSIDIZED HOUSING IN THE CHICAGO SUBURBS... 1994
  Racial Fairness in the Criminal Justice System: the Role of the Prosecutor 30-DEC Tennessee Bar Journal B.J. 6 (November/December, 1994) Some names of members of the Commission on Racial and Ethnic Fairness were inadvertently left out of a story in the last issue of the Tennessee Bar Journal. The commission was formed by an order filed Sept. 27 by the Tennessee Supreme Court. The full commission is: Joseph Armstrong, Arthur T. Bennett, Mark A. Brown, Stephanie Green Cole, Scott; Search Snippet: ...1994 News & Information Part of List Omitted From Last Issue RACIAL FAIRNESS COMMISSION GETS UNFAIR TREATMENT Copyright (c) 1994 by the... 1994
Davidson M. Pattiz Racial Preferences in Admissions: Myths, Harms, and Alternatives 82 Georgetown Law Journal 2571 (September, 1994) During the late 1960s a surprising phenomenon took place across the nation: white families interested in adoption were adopting black babies. Although the incidence of transracial adoption (TRA) was never overwhelming, the number of such placements tripled between 1968 and 1971, ultimately peaking at 2,540 in 1971. Then, in April 1972, a dramatic; Search Snippet: ...772735 GEORGETOWN LAW JOURNAL Georgetown Law Journal September, 1994 Note RACIAL PREFERENCE IN ADOPTION: AN EQUAL PROTECTION CHALLENGE Davidson M. Pattiz... 1994
  Racial Steering: the Real Estate Broker and Title Viii 107 Harvard Law Review 877 (February, 1994) [I]n the core of the heart of the American race problem the sex factor is rooted; rooted so deeply that it is not always recognized when it shows at the surface. Other factors are obvious and are the ones we dare to deal with; but, regardless of how we deal with these, the race situation will continue to be acute as long as the sex factor persists; Search Snippet: ...122874 HARVARD LAW REVIEW Harvard Law Review February, 1994 Note RACIAL STEERING IN THE ROMANTIC MARKETPLACE Copyright (c) 1994 by The... 1994
Rebecca Marcus Racism in Sports: a Question of Ethics 22 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 219 (Fall, 1994) L1-2Introduction 219 I. Gideon v. Wainwright and the Right to Counsel . 220 II. The Underfunding of Public Defender's Offices . 222 III. Race Statistics on Poverty and Public Defenders . 234 IV. Racism in the American Criminal Justice System . 237 V. Equal Protection Doctrine Implications . 239 VI. Race Discrimination and the Strict Scrutiny; Search Snippet: ...LAW QUARTERLY Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly Fall, 1994 Student Note RACISM IN OUR COURTS: THE UNDERFUNDING OF PUBLIC DEFENDERS AND ITS DISPROPORTIONATE IMPACT UPON RACIAL MINORITIES Rebecca Marcus [FNa] Copyright (c) 1994 Hastings College of... 1994
David L. Gregory Racism or Realpolitik? U.s. Foreign Policy and the Hiv/aids Catastrophe in Sub-saharan Africa 9 Saint John's Journal of Legal Commentary 439 (Spring, 1994) I would like to add to the good morning wishes to all of you. My name is David Gregory, and I have taught at St. John's Law School since 1982. I am the moderator of the first panel this morning, the subject being Racism or Economics. But before I proceed to those matters, I want to take the prerogative of the first moderator's position to offer a; Search Snippet: ...and Environmental Activism Speaker Introductory Remarks for the First Panel: RACISM OR ECONOMICS? David L. Gregory [FNa] Copyright (c) 1994 St... 1994
Steven H. Shiffrin Racist Speech, the First Amendment, and Public Universities: Taking a Stand on Neutrality 80 Cornell Law Review 43 (November 1, 1994) Almost thirty years ago, Harry Kalven, Jr., one of the leading legal scholars of the twentieth century, wrote a book in which he attempted to analyze the impact of changing race relations and the civil rights movement on first amendment law. In the book he observed that African Americans did not often resort to the courts to combat racist speech; Search Snippet: ...WL 814777 CORNELL LAW REVIEW Cornell Law Review November 1994 RACIST SPEECH, OUTSIDER JURISPRUDENCE, AND THE MEANING OF AMERICA Steven H... 1994
David C. Baldus , George Woodworth , Charles A. Pulaski, Jr. Reflections on the Persistence of Racial Segregation in Housing 51 Washington and Lee Law Review 359 (Spring, 1994) Recent rhetoric in the Supreme Court and Congress has given currency and legitimacy to claims that racial discrimination in the administration of the death penalty is inevitable and impossible to prevent, detect, and correct. This Article considers the plausibility of these claims, which can be viewed more profitably as testable hypotheses. We; Search Snippet: ...on Race and Criminal Justice REFLECTIONS ON THE INEVITABILITY OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN CAPITAL SENTENCING AND THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF ITS PREVENTION... 1994
  Report of the Second Circuit Task Force on Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Fairness in the Courts 73 Oregon Law Review 823 (Winter, 1994) Abbreviations used in this report: ABA American Bar Association ABE Adult Basic Education CSD Children's Services Division DRI Disproportionate Representation Index F2d Federal Reporter Second Edition FED Forcible Entry and Detainer L J Law Journal L Rev Law Review MHRC Multnomah Human Relations Commission Or Oregon Reports -- Supreme Court Or App; Search Snippet: ...Peterson REPORT OF THE OREGON SUPREME COURT TASK FORCE ON RACIAL/ETHNIC ISSUES IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM Copyright (c) 1994 University... 1994
Robert W. Collin Revisiting Racial Patents in an Era of Precision Medicine 9 Journal of Environmental Law & Litigation 121 (1994) I. Definitions of Environmental Racism, Environmental Equity, and Environmental Justice A. The Newness of Legal Literature II. Overview of United States Context of Environmental Justice A. Historical Events and Studies B. Court Cases Involving Environmental Justice C. Foundational Legal Research III. Common Themes in Legal Literature A; Search Snippet: ...Law & Litigation 1994 REVIEW OF THE LEGAL LITERATURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM, ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Robert W. Collin [FNa1] Copyright... 1994
Michael Tonry Separate but (Un)equal: Why Institutionalized Anti-Racism Is the Answer to the Never-ending Cycle of Plessy V. Ferguson 78 Judicature 118 (November-December 1994) Despite their objective to eliminate invidious racial bias, policies such as just deserts and sentencing guidelines have increased racial disparities in the American criminal justice system. Racial disparities in the criminal justice system have worsened in the past 15 years. African Americans make up larger proportions of people admitted to jails; Search Snippet: ...740538 JUDICATURE Judicature November-December 1994 Viewpoint SENTENCING REFORMS AND RACIAL DISPARITIES Michael Tonry [FNa] Copyright 1994 by the American Judicature... 1994
Jacquin D. Bierman, J.D., and Steven L. Severin, LL.M., CPA Sex, Drugs, and . . . Race-to-castrate: a Black Box Warning of Chemical Castration's Potential Racial Side Effects 80 Journal of Taxation 246 (April, 1994) Employees of Lucky Stores, Inc., sued the company pursuant to Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act (as retroactively amended in 1991), 42 U.S.C. Section 1981, and state statutes, claiming racial and sexual discrimination in job placement, promotions, and the like. The parties later entered into a consent decree with respect to the race claims,; Search Snippet: ...CPA Electronic Version Copyright 1994 Warren Gorham Lamont SETTLEMENT OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION CLAIM EXCLUDABLE. (DC) Employees of Lucky Stores, Inc., sued... 1994
A. Leon Higginbotham , Gregory A. Clarick , Marcella David Shaw V. Reno: Defining the Constitutional Parameters of Racial Reapportionment 62 Fordham Law Review 1593 (April, 1994) In this Article the authors critically examine the Supreme Court's recent decision in Shaw v. Reno, which held that a North Carolina minority-majority voting district of dramatically irregular shape is subject to strict scrutiny, absent sufficient race-neutral explanations for its boundaries. While the authors assert that such race-conscious; Search Snippet: ...SHAW V. RENO: A MIRAGE OF GOOD INTENTIONS WITH DEVASTATING RACIAL CONSEQUENCES A. Leon Higginbotham [FNa] Gregory A. Clarick [FNaa] Marcella... 1994
Cynthia Kurz Shaw V. Reno: Is Remedial Racial Gerrymandering Another Victim of the Pursuit of the Color-blind Constitution? 1994 Detroit College of Law Review 239 (Spring, 1994) In Shaw v. Reno, the United States Supreme Court addressed the constitutional propriety of state-implemented race-based legislation enacted to comply with section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Voting Rights Act). The Court addressed this issue in the context of a reapportionment scheme alleged to be so irrational that it resulted in an; Search Snippet: ...Forum Note SHAW v. RENO: DEFINING THE CONSTITUTIONAL PARAMETERS OF RACIAL REAPPORTIONMENT Cynthia Kurz Copyright (c) 1994 by The Detroit College... 1994
Knoll D. Lowney Smoking Guns: the Supreme Court's Willingness to Lower Procedural Barriers to Merits Review in Cases Involving Egregious Racial Bias in the Criminal Justice System 45 Washington University Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law 121 (Winter, 1994) There comes a time when we cannot and must not close our eyes when presented with evidence that certain laws, regardless of the purpose for which they were enacted, discriminate unfairly on the basis of race, e.g., that for the murder of a white person in Georgia, a black person is more than twice as likely as a white person to be sentenced to... 1994
Hiroshi Fukurai , Edgar W. Butler South Dakota Criminal Justice: a Study of Racial Disparities 13 National Black Law Journal 238 (Fall, 1994) Historians have traced the origins of trial by jury to the fifth or sixth century B.C. Jury trials have been an integral part of the criminal justice system in the United States since the establishment of the Republic over two hundred years ago. However, along with the reverence that has been accorded to the jury, there has been substantial; Search Snippet: ...LAW JOURNAL National Black Law Journal Fall, 1994 SOURCES OF RACIAL DISENFRANCHISEMENT IN THE JURY AND JURY SELECTION SYSTEM [FNa] Hiroshi... 1994
Arline S. Tyler and Steven Montano State Responses to the Specter of Racial Discrimination in Capital Proceedings: the Kentucky Racial Justice Act and the New Jersey Supreme Court's Proportionality Review Project 78 Judicature 154 (November-December 1994) Investigative bodies have been established in 18 states to study the quality of justice accorded to racial and ethnic minorities. These task forces and commissions form the National Consortium of Task Forces and Commissions on Racial and Ethnic Bias in the Courts. As stated in its bylaws, the consortium provide[s] participating groups an; Search Snippet: ...740550 JUDICATURE Judicature November-December 1994 Focus STATE PANELS DOCUMENT RACIAL, ETHNIC BIAS IN THE COURTS Arline S. Tyler [FNa] and... 1994
Warren D. Hayes State V. Neil: Approaching the Desired Balance Between Peremptory Challenges and Racial Equality in Jury Selection 68 Tulane Law Review 713 (January, 1994) State v. Knox involves two similar criminal cases. Donald Knox, an African-American, was being tried for obscenity involving a white female victim. Romerto Jackson, also an African-American, was being tried for distribution of cocaine. In selecting the juries for their cases, both defendants exercised peremptory challenges against white prospective; Search Snippet: ...v. KNOX: THE LOUISIANA SUPREME COURT EXPANDS EQUAL PROHIBITION ON RACIALLY MOTIVATED PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES Warren D. Hayes Copyright (c) 1994 by... 1994
Joseph L. Gastwirth , Tapan K. Nayak Statistical Proof of Racial Discrimination in the Use of Peremptory Challenges: the Impact and Promise of the Miller-el Line of Cases as Reflected in the Experience of One Philadelphia Capital Case 34 Jurimetrics Journal 173 (Winter, 1994) In Brown v. Board of Education, the United States Supreme Court held the racial segregation in public school education unconstitutional. Recent litigation, including the continuation of Brown by the daughter of the original plaintiff, has concerned the compliance of school districts with court orders to desegregate. In considering whether a school; Search Snippet: ...528132 JURIMETRICS JOURNAL Jurimetrics Journal Winter, 1994 STATISTICAL MEASURES OF RACIALLY IDENTIFIED SCHOOL SYSTEMS Joseph L. Gastwirth [FNa1] Tapan K. Nayak... 1994
Wendy Hernandez The Construction of O.j. Simpson as a Racial Victim 21 Journal of College and University Law 429 (Fall, 1994) Racial incidents initiated by students were once thought to be the hallmark of the 1960s. In contrast, the 1970s and early 1980s witnessed relatively little activity regarding racial issues on campus. However, these incidents again have begun to pervade our nation's colleges and universities. In 1988 and 1989 respectively, minority students at the; Search Snippet: ...and University Law Fall, 1994 Student Note THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF RACIALLY RESTRICTIVE ORGANIZATIONS WITHIN THE UNIVERSITY SETTING Wendy Hernandez [FNa1] Copyright... 1994
Donald E. Lively The Discrimination Inherent in America's Drug War: Hidden Racism Revealed by Examining the Hysteria over Crack 21 Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 309 (Winter, 1994) Development of this article was supported by a research grant from the Institute of the Great Lakes and a Centers and Institutes Research Excellence Award from The University of Toledo. Racial separation, in varying ways and to varying degrees, is a well-established aspect of American society. Whether achieved through a system of formal; Search Snippet: ...Affairs Law Review Winter, 1994 THE DIMINISHING RELEVANCE OF RIGHTS: RACIAL DISPARITIES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF LEAD EXPOSURE RISKS Donald E... 1994
Ripley Eagles Rand The Farmbelt Fuehrer: Consequences of Transnational Communication of Political and Racist Speech 72 North Carolina Law Review 725 (March, 1994) It has been called ugly, grotesque, tortured, labyrinthine, even an offense to the sensibilities and a monstrosity. Although its detractors call it political pornography, likening it to an angry snake, a Rorschach ink-blot test, a ketchup splash, or a bug splat, its admirers call it a string of pearls. Whatever the applied; Search Snippet: ...THE FANCIED LINE: [FNa1] SHAW v. RENO AND THE CHIMERICAL RACIAL GERRYMANDER Ripley Eagles Rand Copyright (c) 1994 by the North... 1994
Paul Burstein, Mark Evan Edwards The Impact of Implicit Racial Bias on the Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion 28 Law and Society Review 79 (1994) What is the relationship between employment discrimination litigation and the relative earnings of blacks and whites in the United States? Do victories in court affect blacks' relative earnings? Are gains in earnings associated with legal victories enduring or temporary? Can litigation be an effective tactic in efforts at social reform? Data on... 1994
David Rudovsky The Impact of Virtual Reality on Implicit Racial Bias and Mock Legal Decisions 1994 University of Chicago Legal Forum 237 (1994) Twelve years ago, President Reagan declared yet another War on Drugs. Today, after the expenditure of billions of dollars on a policy built primarily on the coercion and punishment of drug distributors and users, the War on Drugs has failed to reduce significantly, much less eliminate, drugs as a problem in our society. There have been scattered... 1994
Robert D. Bullard The Legacy of Racial Zoning in Birmingham, Alabama 9 Saint John's Journal of Legal Commentary 445 (Spring, 1994) In the real world, some communities are located on the wrong side of the tracks and, as a result, receive different treatment. Where one lives can affect one's educational opportunity, quality of life, access to health care, and exposure to environmental threats. Discrimination is a chief cause of social, economic, and environmental inequities; Search Snippet: ...Environmental Activism Speaker THE LEGACY OF AMERICAN APARTHEID AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM Dr. Robert D. Bullard [FNa] Copyright (c) 1994 St. John's... 1994
Darryl K. Brown The Mixed-race Experience: Treatment of Racially Miscategorized Individuals under Title Vii 1 Virginia Journal of Social Policy & The Law 445 (Spring, 1994) The last several decades have brought radical changes to notions of whether and how impartiality exists in juries, and the relevance of race, gender, and other demographic distinctions to those notions. Changes in the jurisprudence of juries have largely mirrored those shifts in consensus. The model impartial juror is no longer the middle-to-upper... 1994
Randall Kennedy The Statistical Evidence of Racial Profiling in Traffic Stops and Searches: Rethinking the Use of Statistics to Prove Discriminatory Intent 107 Harvard Law Review 1255 (April, 1994) Crime is widely perceived as a major blight that decreases happiness, productivity, and security in the United States. Defining crimes and protecting people from criminality are central tasks that we assign to the state. Like many social ills, crime afflicts African-Americans with a special vengeance. African-Americans are considerably more likely; Search Snippet: ...Changing Images of the State THE STATE, CRIMINAL LAW, AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION: A COMMENT Randall Kennedy [FNa1] Copyright (c) 1994 by... 1994
  The Supreme Court's Post-Racial Turn Towards a Zero-sum Understanding of Equality 44 American University Law Review Rev. 1 (October, 1994) Introduction. 1 I. The Rehnquist Court and Voting Rights. 2 II. Understanding Shaw v. Reno. 28 III. The Value of Majority-Minority Congressional Districts. 55 IV. Future Civil Rights Strategies and Alternative Voting Systems. 82 V. Luncheon Address by Julian Bond. 108 VI. Appendix I: Participants. 118 VII. Appendix II: Shaw v. Reno Bibliography; Search Snippet: ...American University Law Review October, 1994 Conference THE SUPREME COURT, RACIAL POLITICS, AND THE RIGHT TO VOTE: SHAW v. RENO AND... 1994
Benjamin R. Jacewicz, J.D. The Thirteenth Amendment as Basis for Racial Truth & Reconciliation 92 West's Education Law Reporter 1075 (October, 1994) The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNCCH) has marked a point of convergence for race, the judiciary, and state higher education policy several times this century. While the school initially resisted the law's increasing demand for racial equality in public institutions, one of its recent efforts to embrace this principle also has... 1994
Randall Kennedy Tongue-tied in the Market: the Relevance of Contract Law to Racial-language Minorities 11 Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal 145 (Spring, 1994) I despair of seeing an aristocracy disappear which is founded upon visible and indelible signs. Alexis de Tocqueville Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America has been widely acknowledged as a masterwork of political sociology. Based largely on observations made by Tocqueville during a visit to America in 1831-1832, it offers more illuminating; Search Snippet: ...JOURNAL Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal Spring, 1994 Essay TOCQUEVILLE AND RACIAL CONFLICT IN AMERICA: A COMMENT [FNa1] Randall Kennedy [FNaa1] Copyright... 1994
David S. Rosettenstein TransRacial Adoption and the Unblinkable Difference: Racial Dissimilarity Serving the Interests of Adopted Children 68 Saint John's Law Review 137 (Winter 1994) Introduction. 137 I. Demographic and Political Background. 140 A. Demographics. 140 B. Politics. 142 II. The Statutory Schemes. 145 III. The Best Interests of the Child. 149 A. As Perceived by the Social Sciences. 149 B. Within the Statutory Scheme -- and Despite It. 154 C. Within the Administrative Infrastructure. 158 IV. Constitutional Law; Search Snippet: ...JOHNS LAW REVIEW Saint John's Law Review Winter 1994 TRANS- RACIAL ADOPTION AND THE STATUTORY PREFERENCE SCHEMES: BEFORE THE BEST INTERESTS... 1994
Ning Chiu Understanding and Addressing the Common Roots of Racial Health Disparities: the Case of Cardiovascular Disease & Hiv/aids in African Americans 26 New York University Journal of International Law & Politics 615 (Spring, 1994) This volume resulted from the 1984 trial of Ernst Zundel in Toronto. Zundel was indicted for distributing materials asserting that the Holocaust was a hoax. Since he was charged under an archaic law which prohibits spreading false news, each side was forced to prove whether or not the Holocaust actually occurred. Intrigued by this case, the editors... 1994
Nooshin Namazi, James H. Cahill Unmasking the Processes and Justifications That Lead to Environmental Racism: a Critique of Judicial Decision-making, Political and Public Ambivalence, and the Disproportionate Placement of Environmental and Land Use Burdens in Communities of Color 10 Touro Law Review 561 (Winter, 1994) Introduction This Note was inspired by a series of hate motivated incidents that occurred at various colleges and universities over recent years. The painful impact of these incidents on the academic communities, coupled with the realization that these incidents extended across the country, compelled the writers to discuss the issue of hate speech; Search Snippet: ...METHOD IN THE PROCESS OF ERADICATING THE UNIVERSAL WRONG OF RACISM Nooshin Namazi James H. Cahill Copyright (c) 1994 by the... 1994
Bryan K. Fair Using Racism to Combat Racism: Fisher V. University of Texas at Austin 45 Alabama Law Review 403 (Winter, 1994) With the publication of Nelle Harper Lee's timeless classic To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960, the lyrical songbird of the title had strong competition as critics and readers worldwide sang the praises of the young Alabama author and her (first and only to date) remarkable novel. Critics heralded Mockingbird as the best first novel of the year and... 1994
Julie C. Lythcott-Haims Where Have All the Lovings Gone?: the Continuing Relevance of the Movement for a MultiRacial Category and Racial Classification after Parents Involved in Community Schools V. Seattle School District No. 1 29 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 531 (Summer, 1994) The transracial adoption debate in this country centers around the controversial practice of race-matching, whereby adoptable children wait in foster homes or institutions, sometimes for years, until parents of the same race as the child can be found. Most White children endure little or no wait because the number of White parents seeking to... 1994
Douglas C. McDonald, Kenneth E. Carlson Why France Needs to Collect Data on Racial Identity . . . in a French Way 1994 Federal Sentencing Reporter 198753 (January 1, 1994) Although the intent of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (SRA, hereafter) was to eliminate disparities in sentences imposed by federal judges, differences in imprisonment sentences received by black, white, and Hispanic offenders grew more pronounced after full implementation of the guidelines. That is, imprisonment sentences meted out to blacks; Search Snippet: ...Number 4 January/February, 1994 RACE AND SENTENCING WHY DID RACIAL/ETHNIC SENTENCING DIFFERENCES IN FEDERAL DISTRICT COURTS GROW LARGER UNDER... 1994
Erika George Words That Are Beyond Opprobrious: Racial Epithets and the Severity Element in Hostile Work Environment Claims 11 Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal 221 (Spring, 1994) In the pre-dawn hours of a summer morning in 1990, an African American family woke to find a crudely constructed cross burning in their front lawn. Robert A. Viktora, a juvenile at the time of the incident, had assembled the cross and set it ablaze inside the yard of the African American family who had recently moved into the neighborhood. Viktora; Search Snippet: ...Publication WORDS AS STICKS AND STONES: NAMING THE HARM OF RACIST SPEECH Words that Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, and... 1994
Margaret M. Russell A New Scholarly Song: Race, Storytelling, and the Law 33 Santa Clara Law Review 1057 (1993) Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism by Professor Derrick Bell and The Alchemy of Race and Rights by Professor Patricia J. Williams are two unique outstanding recent books with quite a bit in common. Each is a collection of thematically intertwined essays about the pervasiveness of racism and lingering legacies of slavery in; Search Snippet: ...Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism , By Derrick Bell. New York, NY: BasicBooks, 1992. Pp. xiv... 1993
Kevin Brown A Reply to Derrick Bell's Racial Realism 20 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 783 (Spring, 1993) I agree with some of what Professor Cummings has written in his article . To begin with, I agree with Professor Cummings's assertion that Brown v. Board of Education (Brown I) was not, and that the constitutionality of gender-segregated education should not be, determined by social science evidence. I also agree that in the school desegregation; Search Snippet: ...Board of Education Essay A REPLY TO CUMMINGS: ARE THE RACIAL REALISTS FORCED TO EMBRACE THE LEGAL RATIONALE OF THE LIBERAL... 1993
James J. Hartnett African American College Football Players and the Dilemma of Exploitation, Racism and Education: a Socio-economic Analysis of Sports Law 68 New York University Law Review 89 (April, 1993) The devastating riots in Los Angeles in 1992 caused America to focus, at least temporarily, on the intractable problems of the urban ghetto. Many of these problems, such as pervasive crime, widespread drug abuse, teenage pregnancy, and structural unemployment, have been much discussed, and various solutions have been proposed. However, a major; Search Snippet: ...ZONING, AND AMERICAN APARTHEID: USING TITLE VIII TO FOSTER STATEWIDE RACIAL INTEGRATION James J. Hartnett Copyright (c) 1993 by the New... 1993
Michael Heise An Examination of International Environmental Racism Through the Lens of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes 24 Seton Hall Law Review 921 (1993) This Article focuses on an Equal Protection Clause issue raised by a conflict between an existing policy goal-school desegregation-and an emerging policy goal-school choice. This conflict is a result of school districts' use of racial ceilings in school choice programs, which operates to the detriment of a large number of black students. These... 1993
M. Shanara Gilbert An Uneasy Dance with Data: Racial Bias in Criminal Law 67 Tulane Law Review 1855 (June, 1993) L1-2Introduction 1856 I. The Recent Cases. 1868 A. People v. Powell. 1868 B. State of Florida v. Lozano. 1877 C. State of Mississippi v. Beckwith. 1882 II. Constitutional Policy Sources of the Community's Interest: The Sixth Amendment's Fair Cross Section Requirement and the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. 1887 A. The Sixth; Search Snippet: ...OF PREVENTION: A CONSTITUTIONAL PRESCRIPTION FOR CHOICE OF VENUE IN RACIALLY SENSITIVE CRIMINAL CASES M. Shanara Gilbert [FNa] Copyright (c) 1993... 1993
  Angela Harris and the Racial Politics of Masculinity: Trayvon Martin, George Zimmerman, and the Dilemmas of Desiring Whiteness 106 Harvard Law Review 1358 (April, 1993) The faces in the title of Professor Derrick Bell's new book are those of poor African Americans, stranded at the bottom of society's well. Poor whites, who stand only slightly higher, refuse to join forces with their black counterparts in an effort to escape their common plight. Instead, by keeping African Americans in their lowly position,... 1993
Cheryl I. Harris Benign Neglect of Racism in the Criminal Justice System 60 University of Chicago Law Review 783 (Spring, 1993) Blues is an impulse to keep the painful details and episodes of a brutal experience alive in one's aching consciousness, to finger its jagged grain, and to transcend it, not by the consolation of philosophy but by squeezing from it a near-tragic, near-comic lyricism. Ralph Ellison, Shadow and Act. What is wrong with Derrick Bell? What has happened; Search Snippet: ...Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism. Derrick Bell Basic Books, 1992. Pp. ix, 222. Cheryl I... 1993
Andrew G. Gordon Beyond Batson: Challenging Systemic Racism at Every Level 62 Fordham Law Review 685 (December, 1993) Recently, a jury found Henry Watson and Damian Williams not guilty of attempted murder. The two black men had attacked a white truck driver named Reginald Denny at an intersection in Los Angeles during the infamous riots which consumed that city in April, 1992. Those riots had followed the acquittals of four white police officers who, themselves,; Search Snippet: ...Note BEYOND BATSON v. KENTUCKY: A PROPOSED ETHICAL RULE PROHIBITING RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN JURY SELECTION Andrew G. Gordon Copyright (c) 1993... 1993
Ian Forbes , Geoffrey Mead Comparative Racialization: Racial Profiling and the Case of Wen Ho Lee 14 Comparative Labor Law Journal 403 (Summer, 1993) This article provides an informed and critical overview of the law, policies, and practises relating to discrimination in employment on the basis of colour in the member countries of the European Community (EC or the Community). The country-by-country review of measures to combat racial discrimination is preceded by two examinations. The first... 1993
Cheryl A. O'Brien Constitutional Law--personal Rights: Civil--state Court's Award of Damages for Breach of Racial Restrictive Covenant Does Not Violate Fourteenth Amendment 15 Western New England Law Review 315 (1993) The use of peremptory challenges in jury trials dates back to the early days of English common law, which allowed a defendant on trial for a felony to challenge thirty-five jurors and the prosecutor to challenge an unlimited number of jurors peremptorily. However, because the prosecutor's unlimited number of peremptory challenges resulted in... 1993
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